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Economy of Philippines vs Switzerland compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

The Philippines has a GDP of $462B compared to $937B for Switzerland, ranking 35/197 and 20/197 by economy size, respectively.

The Philippines has $261B in government debt (56.6% of GDP), compared to $351B (37.5% of GDP) in Switzerland.

Philippines vs Switzerland GDP by year

Philippines
Switzerland
1x
Year GDP, current $
Philippines Switzerland
2024 $461,617,509,782 $936,564,198,049
2023 $437,055,627,244 $894,424,821,645
2022 $404,353,369,605 $828,508,926,958
2021 $394,087,359,848 $815,309,330,987
2020 $361,751,145,452 $741,999,406,006
2019 $376,823,402,239 $721,369,112,727
2018 $346,841,896,587 $725,568,717,468
2017 $328,480,736,803 $695,200,833,086
2016 $318,627,003,017 $687,895,460,903
2015 $306,445,871,242 $694,118,186,380
2014 $297,483,555,338 $726,537,808,338
2013 $283,902,828,589 $706,234,937,371
2012 $261,920,540,963 $686,420,221,558
2011 $234,216,730,291 $715,888,126,682
2010 $208,368,893,151 $598,851,028,907
2009 $175,974,755,881 $554,212,916,092
2008 $181,624,626,327 $567,267,767,519
2007 $155,980,408,673 $490,740,715,595
2006 $127,652,926,368 $441,634,672,197
2005 $107,419,977,318 $418,284,865,885
2004 $95,001,999,685 $403,912,891,033
2003 $87,039,092,974 $362,075,086,508
2002 $84,307,345,888 $309,301,422,430
2001 $78,921,234,458 $286,582,672,434
2000 $83,669,788,377 $279,216,033,870
1999 $85,640,171,045 $297,873,643,323
1998 $74,492,416,330 $303,459,014,347
1997 $94,106,317,565 $294,788,198,856
1996 $94,648,084,429 $340,103,959,547
1995 $84,644,328,727 $352,835,806,342
1994 $73,159,336,915 $301,375,055,202
1993 $62,036,529,147 $272,237,527,071
1992 $60,422,328,242 $279,921,425,828
1991 $51,784,144,943 $268,901,693,863
1990 $50,508,286,642 $265,763,573,999
1989 $48,513,773,721 $208,105,846,934
1988 $43,152,128,959 $215,540,625,299
1987 $37,791,488,666 $199,236,370,038
1986 $33,987,207,295 $159,089,921,063
1985 $34,961,486,348 $110,980,314,192
1984 $35,730,185,634 $109,455,312,168
1983 $37,759,179,895 $114,634,358,535
1982 $42,206,011,275 $115,043,365,512
1981 $40,499,388,869 $112,244,805,519
1980 $36,848,080,899 $122,557,843,886
1979 $31,218,296,292 $114,970,094,425
1978 $25,762,224,563 $102,280,472,036
1977 $22,283,109,803 $73,135,771,167
1976 $19,381,055,197 $68,476,524,644
1975 $16,875,240,684 $65,466,081,819
1974 $15,607,882,555 $57,103,011,446
1973 $11,412,449,735 $49,550,006,320
1972 $9,067,815,521 $36,844,318,854
1971 $8,375,075,630 $30,040,171,751
1970 $7,559,115,517 $24,998,066,773
1969 $9,571,800,653 $22,442,043,274
1968 $8,632,749,269 $20,712,102,794
1967 $7,724,873,935 $19,397,044,714
1966 $7,189,017,888 $18,019,402,374
1965 $6,517,349,772 $16,780,226,225
1964 $5,953,756,195 $15,833,133,858
1963 $5,505,023,238 $14,283,872,299
1962 $4,954,593,072 $12,989,649,694
1961 $8,171,194,425 $11,713,348,834
1960 $7,515,894,111 $10,412,232,621

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/philippines/switzerland | CC BY

GDP per capita in Philippines vs Switzerland by year

Philippines
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Switzerland
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Philippines Switzerland
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $3,985 $11,794 $103,998 $96,498
2023 $3,804 $10,986 $100,624 $95,142
2022 $3,548 $10,131 $94,395 $94,421
2021 $3,484 $8,858 $93,665 $81,001
2020 $3,228 $8,238 $85,898 $72,998
2019 $3,401 $8,924 $84,122 $73,732
2018 $3,169 $8,358 $85,217 $70,689
2017 $3,038 $7,774 $82,254 $68,194
2016 $2,985 $7,383 $82,153 $67,351
2015 $2,910 $6,894 $83,806 $65,265
2014 $2,867 $6,689 $88,725 $63,417
2013 $2,781 $6,373 $87,304 $61,656
2012 $2,615 $6,094 $85,836 $59,441
2011 $2,384 $5,705 $90,477 $57,494
2010 $2,163 $5,489 $76,531 $54,426
2009 $1,864 $5,157 $71,568 $52,999
2008 $1,959 $5,144 $74,175 $53,809
2007 $1,713 $4,923 $64,989 $50,928
2006 $1,426 $4,579 $59,011 $46,266
2005 $1,220 $4,289 $56,243 $41,525
2004 $1,100 $4,037 $54,659 $40,171
2003 $1,027 $3,761 $49,336 $38,732
2002 $1,015 $3,580 $42,459 $38,705
2001 $970 $3,469 $39,639 $37,819
2000 $1,051 $3,366 $38,865 $36,703
1999 $1,101 $3,229 $41,696 $34,743
1998 $983 $3,160 $42,681 $33,860
1997 $1,273 $3,221 $41,584 $32,736
1996 $1,311 $3,082 $48,093 $31,509
1995 $1,200 $2,926 $50,114 $30,842
1994 $1,060 $2,800 $43,092 $30,265
1993 $919 $2,684 $39,237 $29,495
1992 $917 $2,629 $40,714 $29,113
1991 $804 $2,621 $39,544 $28,792
1990 $804 $2,608 $39,575 $28,461
1989 $792 - $31,309 -
1988 $722 - $32,690 -
1987 $650 - $30,441 -
1986 $600 - $24,460 -
1985 $633 - $17,152 -
1984 $665 - $16,991 -
1983 $723 - $17,859 -
1982 $833 - $18,000 -
1981 $821 - $17,665 -
1980 $767 - $19,394 -
1979 $667 - $18,266 -
1978 $565 - $16,282 -
1977 $502 - $11,644 -
1976 $449 - $10,865 -
1975 $401 - $10,328 -
1974 $379 - $9,005 -
1973 $283.2 - $7,856 -
1972 $230.1 - $5,885 -
1971 $217.4 - $4,835 -
1970 $200.9 - $4,044 -
1969 $261.1 - $3,657 -
1968 $242.2 - $3,413 -
1967 $223.1 - $3,237 -
1966 $213.8 - $3,045 -
1965 $199.8 - $2,865 -
1964 $188.2 - $2,735 -
1963 $179.5 - $2,508 -
1962 $166.7 - $2,330 -
1961 $283.8 - $2,155 -
1960 $269.5 - $1,954 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/philippines/switzerland | CC BY

The Philippines' GDP per capita is $3,985, ranking 130/197, compared to $103,998 in Switzerland, ranking 5/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), the Philippines ranks 127th at $11,794, while Switzerland ranks 8th at $96,498.

Economic indicators

Philippines Switzerland
Gross domestic product
$462B
2024
$937B
2024
GDP rank
35/197
2024
20/197
2024
GDP growth
5.69%
2023-2024
1.3%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$3,985
2024
$103,998
2024
GDP per capita rank
130/197
2024
5/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$11,794
2024
$96,498
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
127/197
2024
8/197
2024
Government debt
$261B
2024
$351B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
56.6%
2024
37.5%
2024
Government debt per person
$2,257
2024
$39,021
2024
Government debt per person rank
117/185
2024
15/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$3,407
2026
$85,867
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$252B
2024
$1.97T
2024
Number of millionaires n/a
1,119,000
2025
Number of billionaires
15
2025
42
2025
Income share by richest 10%
31.6%
2023
26.6%
2022
Income share by poorest 10%
2.9%
2023
2.9%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
24.9%
2024
31.9%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
3.21%
2023-2024
1.06%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
4.75%
2025
0%
2025
Unemployment rate
2.41%
2023
4.34%
2024
Population
117991570
9107866

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Philippines
Spending

Debt
Switzerland
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Philippines Switzerland
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 24.9% 56.6% 31.9% 37.5%
2023 24.7% 56.5% 32.1% 38.7%
2022 25.9% 57.4% 31.6% 37.2%
2021 27.2% 57% 34.4% 41%
2020 25.9% 51.6% 37% 43.2%
2019 21.7% 37% 32% 39.6%
2018 20.9% 37.1% 31.7% 39.8%
2017 19.5% 38.1% 32.4% 41.8%
2016 19% 37.4% 32.4% 40.9%
2015 17.8% 39.7% 32.5% 42.2%
2014 16.8% 40.3% 32.2% 42.1%
2013 17.3% 43.9% 32.5% 41.9%
2012 17.7% 45.7% 31.7% 42.6%
2011 17.2% 45.4% 31.4% 41.9%
2010 18.3% 47.6% 31.4% 41.5%
2009 19.2% 49.8% 31.8% 43.1%
2008 17.9% 50% 30% 44.8%
2007 18.2% 50.2% 29.4% 44.8%
2006 18.3% 57.2% 30.5% 48.5%
2005 18.7% 64.7% 32.4% 54.9%
2004 19.4% 71.1% 33.1% 57.8%
2003 20.4% 71.4% 33.2% 56.9%
2002 20.6% 65.2% 34.1% 57.7%
2001 21% 59.5% 31.6% 51.1%
2000 20.8% 59.2% 32.2% 52.2%
1999 20.7% 54.2% 33.2% 52.7%
1998 20.3% 50.8% 32.7% 55.9%
1997 20.3% 56.9% 32.9% 53.7%
1996 19.6% 53.1% 33% 51.3%
1995 19.1% 60.8% 32.4% 50%
1994 19.7% 63.6% 32.5% 47.1%
1993 17.6% 73.9% 32.5% 44.4%
1992 18.4% 53.9% 31.3% 39.5%
1991 18% 55.6% 29.5% 35.1%
1990 18.8% 56.2% 27.6% 33.3%
1989 15.7% 55.2% 30% 32.5%
1988 15.9% 69% 30.3% 35%
1987 15.7% 79.2% 29.8% 36.5%
1986 13.5% 77.7% 29.8% 37.6%
1985 11.3% 53.1% 30.1% 39.1%
1984 10.1% 45.8% 30.4% 39.8%
1983 12.2% 43.1% 31.2% 40.2%
1982 12.8% 32.9% 30.5% 40%
1981 13.7% 27.6% 29.4% 40.8%
1980 13.4% 24.8% 29.9% 43.9%
1979 11.9% 22.5% 30.5% 44.6%
1978 13.3% 23.1% 30.4% 46.6%
1977 13.3% 19.8% 31% 46.9%
1976 13.8% 16.8% 31.6% 46.7%
1975 15.1% 13% 29.3% 42.3%
1974 10.7% 13.4% 27.5% 38.4%
1973 14% 11.5% 26.5% 37%
1972 13.4% 14.2% 25.7% 38%
1971 11.2% 14.8% 25.4% 38.7%
1970 10.4% 16.8% 25.8% 38.9%
1969 11.5% 16.4% 9.45% 7.08%
1968 11.2% 15.7% 8.87% 6.99%
1967 10.2% 15.4% 8.68% 7.26%
1966 9.77% 14.4% 8.95% 7.62%
1965 9.48% 15% 8.33% 8.28%
1964 9.66% 14.2% 8.85% 9.43%
1963 10.4% 14.1% 8.2% 10.8%
1962 10.8% 15.9% 8.1% 12%
1961 9.6% 16.5% 7.97% 14%
1960 10.1% 16.6% 7.11% 16.2%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1992, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/philippines/switzerland | CC BY

In 2024, the Philippines' government spending was $115B, accounting for 24.9% of its GDP, while Switzerland spent $299B, or 31.9% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 56.6% in the Philippines and 37.5% in Switzerland, ranking 93/185 and 141/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Philippines

Switzerland
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Philippines Switzerland
2024 -3.78% 0.58%
2023 -4.38% 0.12%
2022 -5.48% 1.19%
2021 -6.23% -0.29%
2020 -5.55% -3.01%
2019 -1.5% 1.34%
2018 -1.48% 1.29%
2017 -0.75% 1.13%
2016 -0.74% 0.24%
2015 0.14% 0.55%
2014 1.32% -0.25%
2013 0.37% -0.43%
2012 -0.22% 0.24%
2011 -0.38% 0.68%
2010 -2.25% 0.35%
2009 -2.57% 0.5%
2008 0.02% 1.93%
2007 -0.28% 1.57%
2006 -0.05% 0.85%
2005 -1.62% -0.65%
2004 -2.81% -1.39%
2003 -3.49% -1.36%
2002 -3.71% -1.75%
2001 -3.49% 0.21%
2000 -3.27% 0.28%
1999 -2.29% -1.57%
1998 -1.31% -1.31%
1997 0.37% -2.33%
1996 0.54% -2.01%
1995 -0.02% -1.86%
1994 -0.44% -2.59%
1993 0.63% -3.15%
1992 -0.43% -2.96%
1991 -0.26% -1.85%
1990 -1.52% -0.05%
1989 -1.64% 0.2%
1988 -2.71% 0.42%
1987 -1.06% 0.78%
1986 -0.55% 0.93%
1985 0.71% -0.25%
1984 0.64% -0.52%
1983 0.1% -1.23%
1982 -0.88% -1.21%
1981 -1.09% -0.54%
1980 0.56% -1.34%
1979 1.54% -1.79%
1978 0.05% -1.12%
1977 -0.42% -1.64%
1976 -0.55% -1.89%
1975 0.13% -0.93%
1974 5.94% -1.01%
1973 2.49% -0.93%
1972 3.39% -1.39%
1971 -0.96% -1.41%
1970 -0.31% -1.44%
1969 -2.67% -0.98%
1968 -2.33% -0.73%
1967 -1.35% -1.07%
1966 -0.74% -0.87%
1965 -1.53% 0.05%
1964 -0.99% 0.77%
1963 -0.68% 0.25%
1962 -0.43% 0.95%
1961 -0.29% 0.34%
1960 -1.06% 1.95%
1959 -0.15% 0.72%
1958 -0.21% 0.59%
1957 -0.56% 0.66%
1956 -0.77% 2.24%
1955 -1.3% 1.1%
1954 -0.79% 1.44%
1953 -0.88% 0.38%
1952 0.49% -1.17%
1951 1.5% -0.36%
1950 -0.19% 1.49%
1949 -2.33% 0.04%
1948 -0.65% 1.37%
1947 0.05% 1.27%
1946 -2.54% 0.52%
1945 - -7.57%
1944 - -9.37%
1943 - -8.55%
1942 - -7.28%
1941 - -8.78%
1940 - -10%
1939 - -5.05%
1938 - -1.53%
1937 - -0.17%
1936 - -0.33%
1935 - -0.23%
1934 - -0.33%
1933 - -0.88%
1932 - -0.3%
1931 - 0.03%
1930 - 0.07%
1929 - 0.22%
1928 - -
1927 - -
1926 - -
1925 - -
1924 - -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 - -0.12%
1912 - 0.03%
1911 - -0.006%
1910 - -0.14%
1909 - -0.78%
1908 - -0.1%
1907 - -0.02%
1906 - 0.15%
1905 - 0.41%
1904 - 0.002%
1903 - 0.09%
1902 - 0.02%
1901 - -0.14%
1900 - -0.07%
1899 - 0.1%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1899–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/philippines/switzerland | CC BY

In 2024, the Philippines' government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $17.5B, equivalent to 3.78% of GDP. This compares to Switzerland's surplus of $5.4B, or 0.58% of GDP.

Over the past 65 years, the Philippines recorded a fiscal deficit in 48 of those years, while Switzerland ran a deficit in 38 years. On average, the Philippines posted an annual deficit equal to 0.98% of GDP, compared to deficit of 0.48% of GDP for Switzerland.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Philippines

Switzerland
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Philippines Switzerland
2024 3.21% 1.06%
2023 5.98% 2.14%
2022 5.82% 2.84%
2021 3.93% 0.58%
2020 2.39% -0.73%
2019 2.39% 0.36%
2018 5.31% 0.94%
2017 2.85% 0.53%
2016 1.25% -0.43%
2015 0.67% -1.14%
2014 3.6% -0.01%
2013 2.58% -0.22%
2012 3.03% -0.69%
2011 4.72% 0.23%
2010 3.79% 0.69%
2009 4.22% -0.48%
2008 8.26% 2.43%
2007 2.9% 0.73%
2006 5.49% 1.06%
2005 6.52% 1.17%
2004 4.83% 0.8%
2003 2.29% 0.64%
2002 2.72% 0.64%
2001 5.35% 0.99%
2000 3.98% 1.56%
1999 5.94% 0.81%
1998 9.23% 0.02%
1997 5.59% 0.52%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/philippines/switzerland | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, the Philippines has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 4.24%, compared with 0.61% in Switzerland. In 2024, inflation was 3.21% in the Philippines and 1.06% in Switzerland.

Top exports between countries

Philippines
Export category Export value
Precious metals & jewellery $551M
Machinery & equipment $51.9M
Textiles & consumer goods $2.96M
Raw materials & minerals $2.43M
Chemicals & pharma $1.8M
Animal & marine products $1.4M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1.2M
Wood & paper products $421K
Raw agricultural goods $411K
Metals $285K
Switzerland
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $143M
Chemicals & pharma $112M
Precious metals & jewellery $45.9M
Transport & tourism services $24.6M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $16.4M
Textiles & consumer goods $5.06M
Raw agricultural goods $5M
Metals $4.26M
Animal & marine products $2.24M
Raw materials & minerals $1.29M

Balance of trade

Philippines Switzerland
Current account balance
-$18.3B
2024
$72B
2024
Current account balance ranking
183/190
2024
10/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-3.96%
2024
+7.69%
2024
Goods imports
$124B
2024
$371B
2024
Goods exports
$55.1B
2024
$502B
2024
Service imports
$37.6B
2024
$203B
2024
Service exports
$51.6B
2024
$186B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
40.1%
2024
61.9%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
25.8%
2024
72.2%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Philippines Switzerland
Economic freedom 62.9 83.7
Economic freedom ranking 85/197 2/197
Property rights 45.8 94.4
Government integrity 35.4 93.3
Judicial effectiveness 41.8 98.3
Tax burden 78.3 70.9
Government spending 81 69.5
Fiscal health 60.5 97.2
Business freedom 69.2 86.3
Labor freedom 57.8 60
Monetary freedom 72.1 82.3
Trade freedom 83 87
Investment freedom 70 85
Financial freedom 60 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Philippines
Switzerland
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Philippines Switzerland
2026 62.9 83.7
2025 60.6 83.7
2024 59 83
2023 59.3 83.8
2022 61.1 84.2
2021 64.1 81.9
2020 64.5 82
2019 63.8 81.9
2018 65 81.7
2017 65.6 81.5
2016 63.1 81
2015 62.2 80.5
2014 60.1 81.6
2013 58.2 81
2012 57.1 81.1
2011 56.2 81.9
2010 56.3 81.1
2009 56.8 79.4
2008 56 79.5
2007 56 78
2006 56.3 78.9
2005 54.7 79.3
2004 59.1 79.5
2003 61.3 79
2002 60.7 79.3
2001 60.9 76
2000 62.5 76.8
1999 61.9 79.1
1998 62.8 79
1997 62.2 78.6
1996 60.2 76.8
1995 55 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/philippines/switzerland | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for the Philippines is 62.9, ranking 85/197, compared to 83.7 for Switzerland, ranking 2/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Philippines Switzerland
Services, % of GDP
63.2%
2024
72%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
27.7%
2024
24.7%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
9.08%
2024
0.63%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$518B
2024
$857B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$13,330
2024
$93,420
2024
Total reserves including gold
$106B
2024
$909B
2024
Total reserves ranking
27/177
2024
4/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$6.57B
2024
$59.7B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$9.44B
2024
-$108B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$2.87B
2024
-$27.9B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
3.45%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
15.5%
2023
15.8%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.7%
2024
27%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1899–1992, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2019–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.