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Economy of DR Congo vs Norway compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

The DR Congo has a GDP of $91B compared to $531B for Norway, ranking 81/197 and 32/197 by economy size, respectively.

The DR Congo has $18.4B in government debt (20.2% of GDP), compared to $239B (45% of GDP) in Norway.

DR Congo vs Norway GDP by year

DR Congo
Norway
1x
Year GDP, current $
DR Congo Norway
2025 $91,030,531,317 $530,755,719,439
2024 $75,716,176,105 $500,886,328,034
2023 $69,843,655,425 $502,197,633,323
2022 $70,422,346,142 $617,321,834,099
2021 $59,067,289,574 $521,592,200,233
2020 $46,691,989,749 $382,252,517,922
2019 $46,845,900,350 $424,244,886,364
2018 $46,659,954,092 $454,588,871,811
2017 $37,537,521,566 $415,673,181,543
2016 $38,600,224,214 $383,284,047,619
2015 $40,179,574,490 $400,669,174,331
2014 $38,352,980,553 $515,829,568,897
2013 $34,891,189,160 $540,132,255,319
2012 $30,029,369,929 $525,082,939,407
2011 $26,392,379,642 $512,868,581,628
2010 $24,161,641,931 $440,132,138,425
2009 $18,607,259,481 $395,664,488,017
2008 $22,723,488,723 $472,060,283,688
2007 $18,374,807,773 $407,813,774,161
2006 $15,484,044,535 $349,773,283,645
2005 $12,609,728,573 $311,417,306,946
2004 $10,297,483,481 $265,662,977,688
2003 $8,937,567,060 $229,192,678,173
2002 $8,728,038,525 $195,359,978,957
2001 $7,438,189,100 $173,590,978,347
2000 $19,088,046,306 $170,620,327,660
1999 $4,711,259,427 $161,304,620,987
1998 $6,217,805,821 $152,955,958,172
1997 $6,090,838,693 $160,013,571,974
1996 $5,771,456,952 $162,427,517,132
1995 $5,643,439,376 $151,083,627,983
1994 $5,820,382,248 $126,324,387,894
1993 $10,706,259,937 $119,841,699,440
1992 $8,227,343,907 $129,998,873,602
1991 $9,625,436,873 $121,149,331,318
1990 $9,349,764,580 $119,344,377,526
1989 $9,021,862,775 $102,226,808,603
1988 $8,861,299,977 $101,497,621,605
1987 $7,661,625,473 $93,913,320,965
1986 $8,095,367,168 $78,438,205,742
1985 $7,195,042,616 $65,211,464,198
1984 $7,857,729,193 $61,866,078,539
1983 $11,006,712,650 $61,417,685,434
1982 $13,651,667,371 $62,453,362,256
1981 $12,537,821,038 $63,392,804,251
1980 $14,394,927,495 $64,176,789,764
1979 $15,068,422,236 $52,935,763,512
1978 $15,372,608,002 $46,355,988,784
1977 $12,344,424,764 $41,362,637,363
1976 $9,648,583,225 $35,815,449,464
1975 $10,237,343,174 $32,742,543,381
1974 $9,596,960,180 $27,033,413,362
1973 $7,870,239,461 $22,433,660,550
1972 $6,173,712,814 $17,283,931,878
1971 $5,594,770,359 $14,523,306,736
1970 $4,877,684,910 $12,753,503,479
1969 $5,032,434,970 $11,083,505,596
1968 $3,909,780,539 $10,178,705,992
1967 $3,384,063,372 $9,532,076,026
1966 $4,532,660,182 $8,712,528,095
1965 $4,043,901,818 $8,073,570,566
1964 $2,881,545,273 $7,172,430,304
1963 $6,213,185,743 $6,522,268,053
1962 $3,779,841,429 $6,078,186,245
1961 $3,086,746,857 $5,642,867,672
1960 $3,359,404,118 $5,172,811,442

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/dr-congo/norway | CC BY

GDP per capita in DR Congo vs Norway by year

DR Congo
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Norway
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
DR Congo Norway
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $807 - $94,594 -
2024 $693 $1,821 $89,889 $102,038
2023 $660 $1,731 $90,984 $103,638
2022 $688 $1,590 $113,122 $125,490
2021 $596 $1,402 $96,443 $88,984
2020 $486 $1,089 $71,058 $67,111
2019 $504 $1,056 $79,329 $70,940
2018 $518 $1,049 $85,579 $70,254
2017 $431 $991 $78,771 $64,590
2016 $460 $950 $73,222 $59,280
2015 $496 $910 $77,221 $60,738
2014 $489 $859 $100,410 $66,332
2013 $460 $761 $106,333 $67,378
2012 $410 $648 $104,628 $65,774
2011 $373 $644 $103,545 $62,460
2010 $352 $606 $90,020 $58,213
2009 $280.2 $573 $81,940 $55,648
2008 $353 $584 $99,002 $62,073
2007 $294.1 $550 $86,600 $56,179
2006 $255.4 $508 $75,048 $54,358
2005 $214.5 $484 $67,358 $47,967
2004 $180.7 $456 $57,855 $42,667
2003 $161.5 $428 $50,208 $38,680
2002 $162.4 $410 $43,048 $38,056
2001 $142.7 $404 $38,458 $37,829
2000 $378 $417 $37,992 $36,994
1999 $96.3 $452 $36,151 $30,574
1998 $131.5 $481 $34,516 $28,200
1997 $132.3 $497 $36,324 $28,610
1996 $127.4 $526 $37,073 $26,826
1995 $127 $532 $34,659 $24,360
1994 $136.5 $540 $29,130 $23,027
1993 $263.3 $576 $27,793 $21,584
1992 $209.7 $674 $30,328 $20,623
1991 $253.8 $762 $28,427 $19,580
1990 $254.9 $832 $28,137 $18,461
1989 $254.2 - $24,185 -
1988 $257.7 - $24,112 -
1987 $230.1 - $22,430 -
1986 $250.9 - $18,822 -
1985 $230.1 - $15,704 -
1984 $259.8 - $14,943 -
1983 $376 - $14,877 -
1982 $482 - $15,178 -
1981 $456 - $15,463 -
1980 $539 - $15,708 -
1979 $582 - $12,998 -
1978 $615 - $11,421 -
1977 $509 - $10,230 -
1976 $408 - $8,896 -
1975 $445 - $8,171 -
1974 $428 - $6,783 -
1973 $361 - $5,664 -
1972 $290.5 - $4,395 -
1971 $270.3 - $3,721 -
1970 $242.2 - $3,291 -
1969 $257.1 - $2,881 -
1968 $205.6 - $2,667 -
1967 $183.3 - $2,519 -
1966 $252.8 - $2,321 -
1965 $232 - $2,168 -
1964 $169.9 - $1,941 -
1963 $376 - $1,779 -
1962 $235.1 - $1,670 -
1961 $197.1 - $1,563 -
1960 $220.1 - $1,444 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/dr-congo/norway | CC BY

The DR Congo's GDP per capita is $807, ranking 187/197, compared to $94,594 in Norway, ranking 9/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), the DR Congo ranks 190th at $1,821, while Norway ranks 7th at $102,038.

Economic indicators

DR Congo Norway
Gross domestic product
$91B
2025
$531B
2025
GDP rank
81/197
2025
32/197
2025
GDP growth
5.76%
2024-2025
1.09%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$807
2025
$94,594
2025
GDP per capita rank
187/197
2025
9/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$1,821
2024
$102,038
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
190/197
2024
7/197
2024
Government debt
$18.4B
2025
$239B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
20.2%
2025
45%
2025
Government debt per person
$163
2025
$42,567
2025
Government debt per person rank
183/185
2025
15/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$2,203
2026
$50,036
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$296B
2019
Number of millionaires n/a
348,000
2025
Number of billionaires n/a
17
2026
Income share by richest 10%
35.7%
2020
21.6%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
2.1%
2020
3.6%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
17.2%
2025
49.6%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
2.89%
2015-2016
3.06%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
13.5%
2026
4.25%
2026
Unemployment rate
1.47%
2020
4.5%
2025
Population
118386491
5660666

Spending and national debt comparison by year

DR Congo
Spending

Debt
Norway
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
DR Congo Norway
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 17.2% 20.2% 49.6% 45%
2024 16.5% 15.8% 46.9% 52.8%
2023 15.9% 15.7% 44.2% 42.4%
2022 17.1% 14.7% 36.2% 34.8%
2021 13.5% 14% 44.7% 40.1%
2020 13.4% 11.6% 54.5% 44.3%
2019 15.2% 9.72% 48.4% 39%
2018 12.2% 9.19% 46.1% 38.1%
2017 11.2% 8.42% 47.6% 36.9%
2016 14.3% 10.6% 48.8% 36.7%
2015 15.9% 10.2% 46.7% 33.2%
2014 13.5% 8.74% 44% 28.8%
2013 11.7% 8.26% 42.3% 30.6%
2012 13.2% 7.58% 41.4% 30.2%
2011 13.5% 7.81% 42.3% 28.9%
2010 15.2% 31.8% 43.6% 42.1%
2009 12.3% 91.6% 44.7% 41.7%
2008 9.94% 80.3% 39.2% 46.8%
2007 7.98% 85.1% 40.5% 48.9%
2006 7.35% 107.5% 40.1% 52.2%
2005 7.5% 112% 41.6% 42.1%
2004 7.18% 164.1% 44.7% 43.8%
2003 8.87% 114.5% 47.7% 43.1%
2002 4.17% 136% 46.3% 34%
2001 4.16% 185.4% 43.4% 27.3%
2000 2.49% 135% 41.5% 28.8%
1999 2.15% - 46.7% 25.1%
1998 2.78% - 48.2% 23.8%
1997 2.51% - 45.9% 26%
1996 2.17% - 47.4% 28.6%
1995 - - 49.6% 32.9%
1994 - - 49.7% 51%
1993 - - 50.5% 54%
1992 - - 51.6% 45.3%
1991 - - 50.3% 39.5%
1990 - - 49.1% 29.1%
1989 - - 52.2% 30.4%
1988 - - 52.6% 30.5%
1987 - - 50.5% 31.3%
1986 - - 48.1% 37.8%
1985 - - 44% 30.2%
1984 - - 44.5% 27.8%
1983 - - 46.4% 27.4%
1982 - - 46.6% 29.7%
1981 - - 46.1% 32.9%
1980 - - 46.1% 36.8%
1979 - - 47.2% 39.6%
1978 - - 47.9% 49.9%
1977 - - 46.5% 43.8%
1976 - - 45.2% 38.5%
1975 - - 43.5% 36.7%
1974 - - 42.2% 35.4%
1973 - - 42.3% 37.7%
1972 - - 42.2% 38.9%
1971 - - 40.7% 38.5%
1970 - - 38.9% 38.6%
1969 - - 38% 22.3%
1968 - - 36.2% 22.5%
1967 - - 34.9% 22.6%
1966 - - 33.5% 22.4%
1965 - - 32.9% 23%
1964 - - 32% 24.2%
1963 - - 31.9% 25.3%
1962 - - 30.6% 26.7%
1961 - - 20.4% 27.7%
1960 - - 18% 29.8%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/dr-congo/norway | CC BY

In 2025, the DR Congo's government spending was $15.6B, accounting for 17.2% of its GDP, while Norway spent $263B, or 49.6% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 20.2% in the DR Congo and 45% in Norway, ranking 173/185 and 117/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
DR Congo

Norway
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
DR Congo Norway
2025 -2.75% 9.34%
2024 -1.66% 12.8%
2023 -1.59% 15.9%
2022 -0.87% 24.7%
2021 -1.58% 9.93%
2020 -3.49% -2.46%
2019 -3.41% 6.28%
2018 -1.35% 7.56%
2017 -0.01% 4.79%
2016 -0.91% 3.91%
2015 -1.2% 5.8%
2014 3.87% 8.34%
2013 3.5% 10.3%
2012 1.93% 13.4%
2011 -0.71% 13%
2010 -0.8% 10.6%
2009 1.04% 10%
2008 -0.28% 18.3%
2007 1.21% 16.8%
2006 2.09% 17.7%
2005 1.38% 14.7%
2004 -0.17% 10.8%
2003 -3.92% 7.21%
2002 0.89% 9.05%
2001 -1.13% 13.2%
2000 -1.85% 15.1%
1999 -1.35% 5.75%
1998 -1.55% 3.09%
1997 -1.06% 7.41%
1996 -0.56% 6.05%
1995 - 2.98%
1994 - 0.04%
1993 - -1.65%
1992 - -2.08%
1991 - -0.12%
1990 - 1.96%
1989 - 1.81%
1988 - 2.65%
1987 - 4.56%
1986 - 5.87%
1985 - 9.84%
1984 - 6.97%
1983 - 6.03%
1982 - 3.96%
1981 - 4.82%
1980 - 5.38%
1979 - 2.16%
1978 - 0.94%
1977 - 1.01%
1976 - 2.2%
1975 - 2.88%
1974 - 4.06%
1973 - 4.99%
1972 - 3.93%
1971 - 3.71%
1970 - 2.83%
1969 - 3.57%
1968 - 3.38%
1967 - 4.19%
1966 - 3.59%
1965 - 2.78%
1964 - 3.08%
1963 - 2.6%
1962 - 4%
1961 - -0.7%
1960 - 1.42%
1959 - 1.89%
1958 - 1.7%
1957 - 1.55%
1956 - 1.22%
1955 - 0.82%
1954 - -0.54%
1953 - 1.3%
1952 - 2.15%
1951 - 1.59%
1950 - -0.89%
1949 - -0.72%
1948 - -0.35%
1947 - -4.66%
1946 - -3.82%
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 - -0.54%
1938 - 0.03%
1937 - -0.16%
1936 - -0.7%
1935 - -1.1%
1934 - -0.59%
1933 - -1.29%
1932 - -1.14%
1931 - -1.15%
1930 - -0.46%
1929 - -0.83%
1928 - -0.81%
1927 - -0.76%
1926 - -1.59%
1925 - -1.92%
1924 - -2.96%
1923 - -3.58%
1922 - -4.28%
1921 - -5.47%
1920 - -1.15%
1919 - -2.11%
1918 - -1.17%
1917 - 0.2%
1916 - -0.36%
1915 - -2.04%
1914 - -1.09%
1913 - -0.9%
1912 - -0.89%
1911 - -0.05%
1910 - 0.3%
1909 - -0.52%
1908 - -0.06%
1907 - 0.16%
1906 - -0.59%
1905 - -0.52%
1904 - -0.75%
1903 - -1.12%
1902 - -1.52%
1901 - -1.41%
1900 - -1.99%
1899 - -1.35%
1898 - -1.39%
1897 - -0.63%
1896 - -1.57%
1895 - -1.66%
1894 - -1.13%
1893 - -1.25%
1892 - -0.94%
1891 - -0.44%
1890 - -0.2%
1889 - -0.07%
1888 - -0.23%
1887 - -0.17%
1886 - -0.2%
1885 - -0.005%
1884 - -0.08%
1883 - -0.17%
1882 - -0.62%
1881 - -1.13%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1881–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/dr-congo/norway | CC BY

In 2025, the DR Congo's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $2.51B, equivalent to 2.75% of GDP. This compares to Norway's surplus of $49.6B, or 9.34% of GDP.

Over the past 30 years, the DR Congo recorded a fiscal deficit in 22 of those years, while Norway ran a deficit in 1 years. On average, the DR Congo posted an annual deficit equal to 0.54% of GDP, compared to surplus of 10.3% of GDP for Norway.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
DR Congo

Norway
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
DR Congo Norway
2025 - 3.06%
2024 - 3.15%
2023 - 5.52%
2022 - 5.76%
2021 - 3.48%
2020 - 1.29%
2019 - 2.17%
2018 - 2.76%
2017 - 1.88%
2016 2.89% 3.55%
2015 0.74% 2.17%
2014 1.24% 2.04%
2013 0.81% 2.12%
2012 9.72% 0.7%
2011 15.3% 1.28%
2010 7.1% 2.42%
2009 2.8% 2.2%
2008 17.3% 3.75%
2007 16.9% 0.71%
2006 13.1% 2.33%
2005 21.3% 1.53%
2004 3.99% 0.45%
2003 12.9% 2.49%
2002 31.5% 1.29%
2001 360% 3%
2000 514% 3.09%
1999 284.9% 2.37%
1998 29.1% 2.25%
1997 198.5% 2.57%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/dr-congo/norway | CC BY

Over the past 20 years, the DR Congo has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 77.2%, compared with 2.12% in Norway. In 2016, inflation was 2.89% in the DR Congo and 3.06% in Norway.

Top exports between countries

DR Congo
Export category Export value
Precious metals & jewellery $31K
Textiles & consumer goods $12K
Machinery & equipment $10K
Metals $5K
Chemicals & pharma $3K
Norway
Export category Export value
Animal & marine products $20.5M
Machinery & equipment $349K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $91K
Textiles & consumer goods $66K
Metals $36K
Raw materials & minerals $5K
Chemicals & pharma $3K
Miscellaneous $1K
Precious metals & jewellery $1K

Balance of trade

DR Congo Norway
Current account balance
-$3.94B
2025
$74.1B
2025
Current account balance ranking
157/190
2025
10/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
-4.33%
2025
+14%
2025
Goods imports
$33B
2025
$105B
2025
Goods exports
$35.9B
2025
$177B
2025
Service imports
$5.02B
2025
$73.9B
2025
Service exports
$548M
2025
$63.5B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
43.9%
2025
33.7%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
43.4%
2025
45.4%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

DR Congo Norway
Economic freedom 47 78.8
Economic freedom ranking 176/197 9/197
Property rights 15.4 99.6
Government integrity 12.8 94.3
Judicial effectiveness 11.7 96.4
Tax burden 73.8 63.3
Government spending 91.2 42
Fiscal health 95.9 96.4
Business freedom 32.3 91.2
Labor freedom 54.2 69.3
Monetary freedom 58.6 72.4
Trade freedom 68.2 85.6
Investment freedom 30 75
Financial freedom 20 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

DR Congo
Norway
1x
Year Economic freedom index
DR Congo Norway
2026 47 78.8
2025 47.3 78.3
2024 47.6 77.5
2023 47.9 76.9
2022 47.6 76.9
2021 49 73.4
2020 49.5 73.4
2019 50.3 73
2018 52.1 74.3
2017 56.4 74
2016 46.4 70.8
2015 45 71.8
2014 40.6 70.9
2013 39.6 70.5
2012 41.1 68.8
2011 40.7 70.3
2010 41.4 69.4
2009 42.8 70.2
2008 - 68.6
2007 - 67.9
2006 - 67.9
2005 - 64.5
2004 - 66.2
2003 - 67.2
2002 - 67.4
2001 - 67.1
2000 34.8 70.1
1999 34 68.6
1998 40.6 68
1997 39.5 65.1
1996 39.5 65.4
1995 41.4 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/dr-congo/norway | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for the DR Congo is 47, ranking 176/197, compared to 78.8 for Norway, ranking 9/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

DR Congo Norway
Services, % of GDP
48%
2025
55%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
39.7%
2025
34.5%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
8.93%
2025
1.64%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$81.3B
2025
$546B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$1,850
2025
$107,770
2025
Total reserves including gold
$5.1B
2023
$85.5B
2025
Total reserves ranking
102/177
2023
34/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$1.87B
2025
$8.93B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$2.92B
2024
$12.1B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$198M
2024
$5.62B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
0.64%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
56.2%
2020
12.2%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
31.7%
2025
23.2%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/dr-congo/norway | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1881–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2021–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.