Belize ranked 168/197 by economy size with a GDP of $3.2B and 98/197 by GDP per capita at $7,681. Belize has $2.1B in government debt, with a debt-to-GDP ratio of 65.4%.
In 2024, Belize made up 0.003% of the world's economy, compared to 0.002% in 1960.
Belize GDP & GDP growth by year
| Year | GDP | GDP growth |
|---|---|---|
| 2024 | $3,203,631,800 | 3.5% |
| 2023 | $3,052,362,650 | 0.5% |
| 2022 | $2,846,604,350 | 9.25% |
| 2021 | $2,428,606,250 | 18% |
| 2020 | $2,047,284,600 | -13.5% |
| 2019 | $2,381,187,850 | 4.26% |
| 2018 | $2,285,915,050 | 0.82% |
| 2017 | $2,266,028,250 | -1.83% |
| 2016 | $2,239,604,950 | -0.02% |
| 2015 | $2,193,095,150 | 2.76% |
| 2014 | $2,138,242,200 | 3.89% |
| 2013 | $2,035,191,450 | 4.07% |
| 2012 | $1,917,083,500 | 3.94% |
| 2011 | $1,831,576,700 | -0.13% |
| 2010 | $1,748,988,400 | 1.42% |
| 2009 | $1,688,012,750 | -0.45% |
| 2008 | $1,738,453,600 | -1.63% |
| 2007 | $1,706,190,450 | 3.34% |
| 2006 | $1,590,463,100 | 4.51% |
| 2005 | $1,474,298,400 | 2.22% |
| 2004 | $1,400,202,000 | 4.78% |
| 2003 | $1,308,280,250 | 9.67% |
| 2002 | $1,243,912,050 | 5.4% |
| 2001 | $1,172,045,150 | 4.99% |
| 2000 | $1,138,138,100 | 12.2% |
| 1999 | $999,713,050 | 9.42% |
| 1998 | $929,047,000 | 3.89% |
| 1997 | $872,916,050 | 4.23% |
| 1996 | $850,339,100 | 1.11% |
| 1995 | $818,590,250 | 0.73% |
| 1994 | $771,838,000 | -0.02% |
| 1993 | $752,255,150 | 6.14% |
| 1992 | $695,741,150 | 12.7% |
| 1991 | $596,682,100 | 11.8% |
| 1990 | $546,750,912 | 11.3% |
| 1989 | $491,100,000 | 13% |
| 1988 | $421,450,000 | 9.79% |
| 1987 | $371,100,000 | 10.7% |
| 1986 | $311,500,000 | 4.55% |
| 1985 | $287,300,000 | 1.01% |
| 1984 | $290,350,000 | 1.98% |
| 1983 | $262,150,000 | -2.15% |
| 1982 | $248,550,000 | -0.11% |
| 1981 | $260,750,000 | 1.13% |
| 1980 | $257,400,000 | 12.1% |
| 1979 | $151,800,000 | 7.52% |
| 1978 | $136,300,000 | 7.92% |
| 1977 | $117,650,000 | 6.5% |
| 1976 | $97,094,227 | -0.03% |
| 1975 | $118,194,026 | 3.59% |
| 1974 | $103,160,450 | 13.6% |
| 1973 | $78,214,768 | 5.35% |
| 1972 | $65,998,069 | 10.2% |
| 1971 | $59,074,687 | 3.96% |
| 1970 | $53,339,893 | 4.81% |
| 1969 | $47,399,905 | 5.11% |
| 1968 | $44,999,910 | 7.37% |
| 1967 | $47,431,256 | 4.91% |
| 1966 | $44,450,044 | 4.77% |
| 1965 | $40,110,040 | 4.93% |
| 1964 | $36,194,586 | 5% |
| 1963 | $33,750,114 | 4.96% |
| 1962 | $31,857,592 | 4.89% |
| 1961 | $29,965,000 | 4.89% |
| 1960 | $28,072,478 | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/economy/belize | CC BY 
Belize GDP per capita by year
| Year | Current $ | |
|---|---|---|
| GDP per capita | GDP per capita, PPP | |
| 2024 | $7,681 | $14,347 |
| 2023 | $7,425 | $13,730 |
| 2022 | $7,068 | $13,461 |
| 2021 | $6,143 | $11,716 |
| 2020 | $5,239 | $9,639 |
| 2019 | $6,172 | $10,500 |
| 2018 | $6,012 | $9,497 |
| 2017 | $6,072 | $9,121 |
| 2016 | $6,141 | $9,399 |
| 2015 | $6,155 | $9,538 |
| 2014 | $6,128 | $9,490 |
| 2013 | $5,957 | $9,526 |
| 2012 | $5,733 | $9,303 |
| 2011 | $5,596 | $9,722 |
| 2010 | $5,461 | $9,748 |
| 2009 | $5,400 | $9,728 |
| 2008 | $5,712 | $9,975 |
| 2007 | $5,762 | $10,226 |
| 2006 | $5,525 | $9,910 |
| 2005 | $5,270 | $9,466 |
| 2004 | $5,154 | $9,245 |
| 2003 | $4,960 | $8,850 |
| 2002 | $4,859 | $8,154 |
| 2001 | $4,719 | $7,852 |
| 2000 | $4,727 | $7,544 |
| 1999 | $4,290 | $6,790 |
| 1998 | $4,126 | $6,333 |
| 1997 | $4,014 | $6,243 |
| 1996 | $4,043 | $6,087 |
| 1995 | $4,010 | $6,091 |
| 1994 | $3,877 | $6,073 |
| 1993 | $3,860 | $6,075 |
| 1992 | $3,643 | $5,706 |
| 1991 | $3,190 | $5,053 |
| 1990 | $2,986 | $4,467 |
| 1989 | $2,742 | - |
| 1988 | $2,406 | - |
| 1987 | $2,166 | - |
| 1986 | $1,859 | - |
| 1985 | $1,754 | - |
| 1984 | $1,814 | - |
| 1983 | $1,677 | - |
| 1982 | $1,629 | - |
| 1981 | $1,753 | - |
| 1980 | $1,774 | - |
| 1979 | $1,071 | - |
| 1978 | $983 | - |
| 1977 | $866 | - |
| 1976 | $729 | - |
| 1975 | $906 | - |
| 1974 | $805 | - |
| 1973 | $619 | - |
| 1972 | $529 | - |
| 1971 | $481 | - |
| 1970 | $442 | - |
| 1969 | $402 | - |
| 1968 | $392 | - |
| 1967 | $426 | - |
| 1966 | $412 | - |
| 1965 | $383 | - |
| 1964 | $356 | - |
| 1963 | $342 | - |
| 1962 | $332 | - |
| 1961 | $320 | - |
| 1960 | $307 | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/economy/belize | CC BY
Belize has a GDP per capita of $7,681, ranking 98/197, a GDP per capita based on purchasing power parity (PPP) of $14,347, ranking 117/197, and a median annual after tax income of $9,204, ranking 81/197.
Belize GDP rankings by year
| Year | Rank | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| GDP | GDP per capita | GDP per capita, PPP | |
| 2024 | 160 | 92 | 108 |
| 2023 | 166 | 94 | 114 |
| 2022 | 168 | 93 | 110 |
| 2021 | 169 | 96 | 113 |
| 2020 | 171 | 103 | 116 |
| 2019 | 169 | 98 | 117 |
| 2018 | 170 | 102 | 118 |
| 2017 | 170 | 96 | 121 |
| 2016 | 169 | 89 | 116 |
| 2015 | 170 | 90 | 115 |
| 2014 | 170 | 100 | 115 |
| 2013 | 170 | 103 | 113 |
| 2012 | 171 | 101 | 113 |
| 2011 | 173 | 101 | 106 |
| 2010 | 172 | 93 | 100 |
| 2009 | 173 | 88 | 99 |
| 2008 | 169 | 88 | 97 |
| 2007 | 165 | 84 | 94 |
| 2006 | 165 | 79 | 91 |
| 2005 | 163 | 74 | 87 |
| 2004 | 163 | 68 | 84 |
| 2003 | 161 | 61 | 80 |
| 2002 | 159 | 60 | 81 |
| 2001 | 158 | 63 | 82 |
| 2000 | 155 | 62 | 79 |
| 1999 | 156 | 62 | 82 |
| 1998 | 158 | 64 | 85 |
| 1997 | 160 | 65 | 81 |
| 1996 | 160 | 63 | 79 |
| 1995 | 159 | 61 | 78 |
| 1994 | 155 | 56 | 76 |
| 1993 | 156 | 56 | 73 |
| 1992 | 151 | 56 | 74 |
| 1991 | 156 | 59 | 84 |
| 1990 | 155 | 61 | 90 |
| 1989 | 141 | 55 | - |
| 1988 | 142 | 64 | - |
| 1987 | 141 | 65 | - |
| 1986 | 137 | 66 | - |
| 1985 | 135 | 67 | - |
| 1984 | 134 | 69 | - |
| 1983 | 133 | 71 | - |
| 1982 | 133 | 74 | - |
| 1981 | 133 | 73 | - |
| 1980 | 133 | 69 | - |
| 1979 | 128 | 78 | - |
| 1978 | 128 | 75 | - |
| 1977 | 128 | 75 | - |
| 1976 | 129 | 75 | - |
| 1975 | 127 | 65 | - |
| 1974 | 125 | 68 | - |
| 1973 | 128 | 66 | - |
| 1972 | 126 | 63 | - |
| 1971 | 127 | 58 | - |
| 1970 | 127 | 62 | - |
| 1969 | 116 | 50 | - |
| 1968 | 116 | 49 | - |
| 1967 | 115 | 47 | - |
| 1966 | 113 | 47 | - |
| 1965 | 113 | 46 | - |
| 1964 | 110 | 44 | - |
| 1963 | 110 | 45 | - |
| 1962 | 110 | 43 | - |
| 1961 | 108 | 42 | - |
| 1960 | 106 | 41 | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/economy/belize | CC BY
Compared with 2000, in 2024 Belize is ranked 160th out of 182 by GDP (down from 155th), 92nd by GDP per capita (down from 62nd), and 108th by GDP per capita PPP (down from 79th).
Economic indicators
Belize
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Gross domestic product |
$3.2B
2024 |
168/197 |
| GDP growth |
3.5%
2023-2024 |
88/194 |
| GDP per capita |
$7,681
2024 |
98/197 |
| GDP per capita, PPP |
$14,347
2024 |
117/197 |
| Government debt |
$2.1B
2024 |
157/185 |
| Debt-to-GDP ratio |
65.4%
2024 |
67/185 |
| Government debt per person |
$5,026
2024 |
78/185 |
| Average annual personal income after taxes |
$9,204
2026 |
81/197 |
| Number of billionaires |
1
2025 |
65/78 |
| Billionaire frequency |
1 in 267,604
2025 |
10/78 |
| Income share by richest 10% |
30%
2018 |
59/169 |
| Income share by poorest 10% |
2.2%
2018 |
118/169 |
| Government expenditure, % of GDP |
26.3%
2024 |
116/195 |
| Consumer prices inflation |
3.3%
2023-2024 |
90/195 |
| Unemployment rate |
29.3%
2020 |
6/196 |
| Population |
430409
|
171/197 |
Government spending, deficit, and debt by year
| Year | % of GDP | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Government spending | Government debt | Government deficit/surplus | |
| 2024 | 26.3% | 65.4% | -1.23% |
| 2023 | 25.8% | 67.5% | -2.42% |
| 2022 | 23.4% | 66.8% | -1.04% |
| 2021 | 25.7% | 82.2% | -3.29% |
| 2020 | 33.2% | 103% | -8.57% |
| 2019 | 27.5% | 78.6% | -2.9% |
| 2018 | 26.9% | 79% | -1.37% |
| 2017 | 27.7% | 78.1% | -3.48% |
| 2016 | 27.7% | 70.5% | -4.47% |
| 2015 | 27.9% | 65.1% | -5.14% |
| 2014 | 24.8% | 61.5% | -1.72% |
| 2013 | 23.8% | 62.8% | -1.21% |
| 2012 | 22.1% | 63.1% | -0.22% |
| 2011 | 23.5% | 66.2% | -1.06% |
| 2010 | 23.3% | 68.4% | -1.9% |
| 2009 | 23.2% | 69.7% | -2.46% |
| 2008 | 21.8% | 64.7% | 1.25% |
| 2007 | 22.1% | 66.4% | -0.19% |
| 2006 | 21.2% | 71.4% | -2.27% |
| 2005 | 21.4% | 72.7% | -3.7% |
| 2004 | 21.7% | 70.7% | -4.52% |
| 2003 | 24.6% | 67.2% | -8.41% |
| 2002 | 24.4% | 53.2% | -5.41% |
| 2001 | 25.9% | 49.5% | -7.23% |
| 2000 | 23.2% | 79% | -6.68% |
| 1999 | 23.6% | 41.5% | -6.51% |
| 1998 | 20.9% | 38.7% | -2.69% |
| 1997 | 19.9% | 39.4% | -1.81% |
| 1996 | 19.9% | 38.4% | -1.76% |
Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1996–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1996–2000, retrieved 2026-02-20).
GeoRank.org/economy/belize | CC BY
This chart shows Belize's government spending, budget balance, and debt over time, each expressed as a share of GDP.
Over the past 29 years, Belize recorded a fiscal deficit in 28 of them, with an average annual deficit equal to 3.19% of GDP. In 2024, government spending reached $842M (26.3% of GDP), with a deficit of 1.23%.
The national debt reached $2.1B, ranking 157th out of 185 countries by total size, with a debt-to-GDP ratio of 65.4%, ranking 67th.
Inflation rate by year
| Year | Inflation |
|---|---|
| 2024 | 3.3% |
| 2023 | 4.4% |
| 2022 | 6.3% |
| 2021 | 3.2% |
| 2020 | 0.1% |
| 2019 | 0.2% |
| 2018 | 0.3% |
| 2017 | 1.1% |
| 2016 | 0.7% |
| 2015 | -0.9% |
| 2014 | 1.2% |
| 2013 | 0.5% |
| 2012 | 1.2% |
| 2011 | 1.7% |
| 2010 | 0.9% |
| 2009 | -1.1% |
| 2008 | 6.4% |
| 2007 | 2.3% |
| 2006 | 4.2% |
| 2005 | 3.7% |
| 2004 | 3.1% |
| 2003 | 2.6% |
| 2002 | 2.2% |
| 2001 | 1.1% |
| 2000 | 0.6% |
| 1999 | -1.2% |
| 1998 | -0.8% |
| 1997 | 1% |
| 1996 | 6.4% |
| 1995 | 2.9% |
| 1994 | 2.6% |
| 1993 | 1.5% |
| 1992 | 2.4% |
| 1991 | 2.3% |
| 1990 | 2% |
| 1989 | 0% |
| 1988 | 5.3% |
| 1987 | 2% |
| 1986 | 0.8% |
| 1985 | 4.2% |
| 1984 | 3.4% |
| 1983 | 5% |
| 1982 | 6.8% |
| 1981 | 11.2% |
| 1980 | 7.1% |
Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1980–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).
GeoRank.org/economy/belize | CC BY
Over the past 20 years, Belize has had an average annual inflation rate of 1.99%. In 2024, inflation was 3.3%. The bar chart above shows consumer price inflation by year.
Balance of trade
|
Belize
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
|
Current account balance
|
-$51.7M
2024 |
84/190 |
| Current account balance, % of GDP |
-1.61%
2024 |
102/190 |
| Goods imports |
$1.36B
2024 |
163/189 |
| Goods exports |
$482M
2024 |
160/189 |
| Service imports |
$362M
2024 |
165/189 |
| Service exports |
$1.16B
2024 |
131/189 |
| Imports of goods and services, % of GDP |
53.7%
2024 |
67/181 |
| Exports of goods and services, % of GDP |
55.2%
2024 |
47/193 |
Belize top 10 trading partners
Belize's biggest trading partner accounting for 42.6% of all exports and imports is the United States, with a trade balance between the two of -$560M: Belize exports $81.4M worth of goods and services to the United States and imports $641M.
Below is the list of the top 10 trade partners of Belize.
| Rank | Country | Trade value | Share of total trade | Export to | Import from | Top export to | Top import from |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
United States
|
$722M | 42.6% | $81.4M | $641M | Processed food, beverages & tobacco | Machinery & equipment |
| 2 |
China
|
$248M | 14.6% | $646K | $247M | Machinery & equipment | Textiles & consumer goods |
| 3 |
Mexico
|
$132M | 7.77% | $8.17M | $124M | Animal & marine products | Processed food, beverages & tobacco |
| 4 |
Guatemala
|
$130M | 7.67% | $9.93M | $120M | Processed food, beverages & tobacco | Raw materials & minerals |
| 5 |
United Kingdom
|
$100M | 5.9% | $86.1M | $14.1M | Processed food, beverages & tobacco | Machinery & equipment |
| 6 |
Trinidad
|
$42.4M | 2.5% | $18.6M | $23.8M | Processed food, beverages & tobacco | Processed food, beverages & tobacco |
| 7 |
Panama
|
$20.2M | 1.19% | $196K | $20M | Raw agricultural goods | Textiles & consumer goods |
| 8 |
Honduras
|
$19.6M | 1.16% | $13.1M | $6.56M | Processed food, beverages & tobacco | Chemicals & pharma |
| 9 |
Costa Rica
|
$16.2M | 0.95% | $759K | $15.4M | Processed food, beverages & tobacco | Processed food, beverages & tobacco |
| 10 |
El Salvador
|
$16.1M | 0.95% | $101K | $16M | Processed food, beverages & tobacco | Metals |
Top 10 exports
|
Belize
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Transport & tourism services | $758M | 125/188 |
| Processed food, beverages & tobacco | $159M | 123/192 |
| IT & IP services | $108M | 110/183 |
| Government & miscellaneous services | $63.4M | 91/180 |
| Business & finance services | $50.5M | 138/188 |
| Raw agricultural goods | $49.7M | 132/193 |
| Animal & marine products | $25M | 137/192 |
| Raw materials & minerals | $19.1M | 163/193 |
| Machinery & equipment | $8.64M | 167/193 |
| Wood & paper products | $6.44M | 141/192 |
Top 10 imports
|
Belize
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Machinery & equipment | $382M | 159/193 |
| Raw materials & minerals | $289M | 161/193 |
| Processed food, beverages & tobacco | $212M | 154/193 |
| Transport & tourism services | $183M | 165/188 |
| Textiles & consumer goods | $181M | 153/193 |
| Chemicals & pharma | $153M | 160/193 |
| Metals | $102M | 159/193 |
| Business & finance services | $77.6M | 160/188 |
| Wood & paper products | $44.6M | 158/193 |
| Raw agricultural goods | $32.6M | 178/193 |
Economic freedom indices
|
Belize
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Economic freedom | 64.7 | 71/197 |
| Property rights | 46.3 | 100/182 |
| Government integrity | 46.2 | 75/182 |
| Judicial effectiveness | 73.9 | 43/182 |
| Tax burden | 81.8 | 72/182 |
| Government spending | 81 | 62/180 |
| Fiscal health | 87.5 | 58/181 |
| Business freedom | 67.2 | 86/182 |
| Labor freedom | 57.6 | 71/182 |
| Monetary freedom | 72.6 | 102/180 |
| Trade freedom | 57.8 | 158/181 |
| Investment freedom | 55 | 89/181 |
| Financial freedom | 50 | 70/181 |
Economic freedom by year
| Year | Index | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Economic freedom | Judicial effectiveness | Tax burden | Government spending | Fiscal health | |
| 2026 | 64.7 | 73.9 | 81.8 | 81 | 87.5 |
| 2025 | 64.2 | 72.6 | 83.2 | 82.2 | 86.5 |
| 2024 | 61.2 | 71.5 | 82 | 78.5 | 64.7 |
| 2023 | 59.8 | 41.7 | 80.7 | 76.6 | 60.4 |
| 2022 | 56.6 | 70.2 | 77 | 64.1 | 37.6 |
| 2021 | 57.5 | 45.7 | 78.7 | 64.7 | 68.5 |
| 2020 | 57.4 | 46.4 | 79.5 | 66.3 | 53.9 |
| 2019 | 55.4 | 46.9 | 79.9 | 65.9 | 39.1 |
| 2018 | 57.1 | 53.5 | 80 | 65.5 | 50 |
| 2017 | 58.6 | 48.7 | 81.3 | 68.6 | 60.5 |
| 2016 | 57.4 | - | 82.1 | 71.9 | - |
| 2015 | 56.8 | - | 82.4 | 78.3 | - |
| 2014 | 56.7 | - | 82.1 | 74.2 | - |
| 2013 | 57.3 | - | 82.2 | 72.6 | - |
| 2012 | 61.9 | - | 82.8 | 74.6 | - |
| 2011 | 63.8 | - | 82.3 | 76.1 | - |
| 2010 | 61.5 | - | 68.3 | 74.9 | - |
| 2009 | 63 | - | 68.8 | 77.6 | - |
| 2008 | 63 | - | 69.3 | 74.8 | - |
| 2007 | 63.3 | - | 69.7 | 74.9 | - |
| 2006 | 64.7 | - | 83.9 | 71.5 | - |
| 2005 | 64.5 | - | 83.9 | 68.9 | - |
| 2004 | 62.8 | - | 84.1 | 64.7 | - |
| 2003 | 63.5 | - | 84.3 | 60.9 | - |
| 2002 | 65.6 | - | 84.5 | 74.8 | - |
| 2001 | 65.9 | - | 83.6 | 74.8 | - |
| 2000 | 63.3 | - | 58.9 | 74.8 | - |
| 1999 | 60.7 | - | 63.6 | 74.9 | - |
| 1998 | 59.1 | - | 63.7 | 64.7 | - |
| 1997 | 64.3 | - | 63.3 | 88.2 | - |
| 1996 | 61.6 | - | 63.3 | 68.7 | - |
| 1995 | 62.9 | - | 63.2 | 64.7 | - |
Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).
GeoRank.org/economy/belize | CC BY
Belize is ranked 64/174 for economic freedom with a score of 64.7, compared to 45/162 and a score of 64.7 in 2006.
Other economic metrics
|
Belize
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Services, % of GDP |
62.4%
2024 |
61/191 |
| Industry, % of GDP |
14.6%
2024 |
165/194 |
| Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP |
7.95%
2024 |
85/193 |
|
GNI, Atlas method
|
$2.98B
2024 |
167/194 |
| GNI per capita, PPP |
$13,760
2024 |
114/191 |
| Total reserves including gold |
$498M
2024 |
156/177 |
|
Net foreign direct investment
|
-$126M
2024 |
76/189 |
|
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
|
$128M
2024 |
143/193 |
|
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
|
$2.61M
2024 |
129/193 |
|
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
|
4.15%
2024 |
60/121 |
| Poverty at national poverty lines |
52%
2018 |
18/176 |
|
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
|
19.8%
2024 |
125/178 |
Compare Belize vs other countries
GDP per capita map
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/belize | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
- International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1996–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- TradeMap (2023–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1996–2000, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.
The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.
Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.
A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).
Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.
Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.
Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.
Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.