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Economy of Iceland vs Philippines compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Iceland has a GDP of $33.3B compared to $462B for the Philippines, ranking 108/197 and 35/197 by economy size, respectively.

Iceland has $19.8B in government debt (59.4% of GDP), compared to $261B (56.6% of GDP) in the Philippines.

Iceland vs Philippines GDP by year

Iceland
Philippines
1x
Year GDP, current $
Iceland Philippines
2024 $33,255,181,469 $461,617,509,782
2023 $31,677,891,897 $437,055,627,244
2022 $29,166,102,877 $404,353,369,605
2021 $26,234,872,402 $394,087,359,848
2020 $22,034,665,041 $361,751,145,452
2019 $24,985,687,022 $376,823,402,239
2018 $26,677,652,544 $346,841,896,587
2017 $25,060,086,488 $328,480,736,803
2016 $21,083,713,310 $318,627,003,017
2015 $17,700,486,957 $306,445,871,242
2014 $18,052,183,515 $297,483,555,338
2013 $16,244,319,959 $283,902,828,589
2012 $14,943,757,823 $261,920,540,963
2011 $15,394,005,872 $234,216,730,291
2010 $13,922,711,577 $208,368,893,151
2009 $13,212,543,838 $175,974,755,881
2008 $18,247,921,360 $181,624,626,327
2007 $21,960,110,030 $155,980,408,673
2006 $17,671,649,843 $127,652,926,368
2005 $17,146,410,561 $107,419,977,318
2004 $13,963,943,244 $95,001,999,685
2003 $11,564,687,742 $87,039,092,974
2002 $9,416,199,700 $84,307,345,888
2001 $8,323,401,820 $78,921,234,458
2000 $9,140,168,922 $83,669,788,377
1999 $9,107,644,691 $85,640,171,045
1998 $8,637,732,542 $74,492,416,330
1997 $7,716,781,803 $94,106,317,565
1996 $7,686,566,105 $94,648,084,429
1995 $7,372,640,169 $84,644,328,727
1994 $6,612,804,056 $73,159,336,915
1993 $6,435,952,174 $62,036,529,147
1992 $7,328,497,599 $60,422,328,242
1991 $7,151,260,062 $51,784,144,943
1990 $6,694,851,159 $50,508,286,642
1989 $5,870,854,233 $48,513,773,721
1988 $6,320,093,411 $43,152,128,959
1987 $5,713,281,235 $37,791,488,666
1986 $4,129,080,094 $33,987,207,295
1985 $3,088,359,967 $34,961,486,348
1984 $2,964,568,006 $35,730,185,634
1983 $2,862,634,164 $37,759,179,895
1982 $3,318,714,326 $42,206,011,275
1981 $3,615,094,820 $40,499,388,869
1980 $3,499,616,683 $36,848,080,899
1979 $2,953,176,971 $31,218,296,292
1978 $2,599,627,089 $25,762,224,563
1977 $2,285,707,749 $22,283,109,803
1976 $1,727,845,419 $19,381,055,197
1975 $1,456,052,700 $16,875,240,684
1974 $1,568,154,077 $15,607,882,555
1973 $1,194,794,186 $11,412,449,735
1972 $869,002,946 $9,067,815,521
1971 $693,679,545 $8,375,075,630
1970 $545,115,909 $7,559,115,517
1969 $435,659,610 $9,571,800,653
1968 $498,365,200 $8,632,749,269
1967 $652,609,076 $7,724,873,935
1966 $660,663,763 $7,189,017,888
1965 $550,150,988 $6,517,349,772
1964 $456,206,299 $5,953,756,195
1963 $357,240,896 $5,505,023,238
1962 $299,309,938 $4,954,593,072
1961 $266,711,460 $8,171,194,425
1960 $260,984,499 $7,515,894,111

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/iceland/philippines | CC BY

GDP per capita in Iceland vs Philippines by year

Iceland
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Philippines
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Iceland Philippines
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $86,041 $84,257 $3,985 $11,794
2023 $82,139 $81,608 $3,804 $10,986
2022 $76,350 $75,333 $3,548 $10,131
2021 $70,425 $61,610 $3,484 $8,858
2020 $60,128 $55,797 $3,228 $8,238
2019 $69,296 $60,524 $3,401 $8,924
2018 $75,634 $57,198 $3,169 $8,358
2017 $72,976 $55,638 $3,038 $7,774
2016 $62,854 $53,480 $2,985 $7,383
2015 $53,506 $49,201 $2,910 $6,894
2014 $55,140 $45,997 $2,867 $6,689
2013 $50,173 $44,410 $2,781 $6,373
2012 $46,595 $42,004 $2,615 $6,094
2011 $48,255 $40,937 $2,384 $5,705
2010 $43,776 $39,764 $2,163 $5,489
2009 $41,484 $41,885 $1,864 $5,157
2008 $57,489 $43,728 $1,959 $5,144
2007 $70,483 $41,471 $1,713 $4,923
2006 $58,172 $39,692 $1,426 $4,579
2005 $57,784 $37,323 $1,220 $4,289
2004 $47,810 $35,612 $1,100 $4,037
2003 $39,944 $32,697 $1,027 $3,761
2002 $32,749 $32,607 $1,015 $3,580
2001 $29,208 $31,882 $970 $3,469
2000 $32,504 $29,789 $1,051 $3,366
1999 $32,834 $29,558 $1,101 $3,229
1998 $31,519 $28,723 $983 $3,160
1997 $28,462 $26,874 $1,273 $3,221
1996 $28,584 $24,776 $1,311 $3,082
1995 $27,565 $23,954 $1,200 $2,926
1994 $24,858 $23,562 $1,060 $2,800
1993 $24,404 $22,460 $919 $2,684
1992 $28,072 $21,877 $917 $2,629
1991 $27,740 $22,416 $804 $2,621
1990 $26,272 $21,985 $804 $2,608
1989 $23,219 - $792 -
1988 $25,307 - $722 -
1987 $23,238 - $650 -
1986 $16,980 - $600 -
1985 $12,793 - $633 -
1984 $12,378 - $665 -
1983 $12,080 - $723 -
1982 $14,191 - $833 -
1981 $15,666 - $821 -
1980 $15,340 - $767 -
1979 $13,082 - $667 -
1978 $11,630 - $565 -
1977 $10,305 - $502 -
1976 $7,848 - $449 -
1975 $6,680 - $401 -
1974 $7,287 - $379 -
1973 $5,627 - $283.2 -
1972 $4,155 - $230.1 -
1971 $3,366 - $217.4 -
1970 $2,666 - $200.9 -
1969 $2,142 - $261.1 -
1968 $2,473 - $242.2 -
1967 $3,284 - $223.1 -
1966 $3,378 - $213.8 -
1965 $2,861 - $199.8 -
1964 $2,414 - $188.2 -
1963 $1,924 - $179.5 -
1962 $1,641 - $166.7 -
1961 $1,490 - $283.8 -
1960 $1,486 - $269.5 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/iceland/philippines | CC BY

Iceland's GDP per capita is $86,041, ranking 9/197, compared to $3,985 in the Philippines, ranking 130/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Iceland ranks 13th at $84,257, while the Philippines ranks 127th at $11,794.

Economic indicators

Iceland Philippines
Gross domestic product
$33.3B
2024
$462B
2024
GDP rank
108/197
2024
35/197
2024
GDP growth
-0.97%
2023-2024
5.69%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$86,041
2024
$3,985
2024
GDP per capita rank
9/197
2024
130/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$84,257
2024
$11,794
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
13/197
2024
127/197
2024
Government debt
$19.8B
2024
$261B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
59.4%
2024
56.6%
2024
Government debt per person
$51,148
2024
$2,257
2024
Government debt per person rank
9/185
2024
117/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$55,565
2026
$3,407
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$252B
2024
Number of billionaires
1
2025
15
2025
Income share by richest 10%
22.4%
2019
31.6%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
3.7%
2019
2.9%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
46.5%
2024
24.9%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
5.86%
2023-2024
3.21%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
7.25%
2025
4.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
3.56%
2024
2.41%
2023
Population
397129
117991570

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Iceland
Spending

Debt
Philippines
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Iceland Philippines
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 46.5% 59.4% 24.9% 56.6%
2023 45% 61.5% 24.7% 56.5%
2022 45.9% 66.4% 25.9% 57.4%
2021 48.7% 73.6% 27.2% 57%
2020 50.2% 76.1% 25.9% 51.6%
2019 43% 65.7% 21.7% 37%
2018 43.2% 62.3% 20.9% 37.1%
2017 43.8% 70.8% 19.5% 38.1%
2016 45.8% 81.3% 19% 37.4%
2015 43% 96.3% 17.8% 39.7%
2014 45.4% 114.1% 16.8% 40.3%
2013 45.6% 121.1% 17.3% 43.9%
2012 47.1% 132.2% 17.7% 45.7%
2011 50% 136.6% 17.2% 45.4%
2010 48.2% 131.5% 18.3% 47.6%
2009 53.3% 128.2% 19.2% 49.8%
2008 62.8% 109.3% 17.9% 50%
2007 44.1% 67.4% 18.2% 50.2%
2006 44.3% 69.8% 18.3% 57.2%
2005 44.2% 67.8% 18.7% 64.7%
2004 46.2% 80.1% 19.4% 71.1%
2003 47.2% 84.1% 20.4% 71.4%
2002 45% 81.3% 20.6% 65.2%
2001 46.9% 82.5% 21% 59.5%
2000 44.3% 74.8% 20.8% 59.2%
1999 44.8% 75.5% 20.7% 54.2%
1998 40.2% 43.3% 20.3% 50.8%
1997 41.3% 51.1% 20.3% 56.9%
1996 43.9% 55.6% 19.6% 53.1%
1995 44.4% 58.1% 19.1% 60.8%
1994 45% 54.8% 19.7% 63.6%
1993 45.1% 52.3% 17.6% 73.9%
1992 44.7% 45.4% 18.4% 53.9%
1991 42.8% 37.6% 18% 55.6%
1990 42.6% 35.5% 18.8% 56.2%
1989 42.9% 35.3% 15.7% 55.2%
1988 41.4% 30.6% 15.9% 69%
1987 36.5% 27.3% 15.7% 79.2%
1986 39.5% 29.9% 13.5% 77.7%
1985 37% 32% 11.3% 53.1%
1984 34.7% 32.4% 10.1% 45.8%
1983 37.8% 30.8% 12.2% 43.1%
1982 36% 28.9% 12.8% 32.9%
1981 35.3% 22.4% 13.7% 27.6%
1980 33.9% 24.8% 13.4% 24.8%
1979 32.4% 21.1% 11.9% 22.5%
1978 31.9% 19.8% 13.3% 23.1%
1977 31.7% 18.4% 13.3% 19.8%
1976 32.1% 17.2% 13.8% 16.8%
1975 36.9% 16.4% 15.1% 13%
1974 36.6% 12.5% 10.7% 13.4%
1973 33.7% 11.5% 14% 11.5%
1972 33.3% 14.5% 13.4% 14.2%
1971 32.5% 11.7% 11.2% 14.8%
1970 29.9% 11.4% 10.4% 16.8%
1969 30.3% 14.6% 11.5% 16.4%
1968 33.3% 14.2% 11.2% 15.7%
1967 31.6% 8.8% 10.2% 15.4%
1966 28.3% 5.56% 9.77% 14.4%
1965 28.3% 7.78% 9.48% 15%
1964 28.2% 7.97% 9.66% 14.2%
1963 26.2% 7.89% 10.4% 14.1%
1962 24.9% 7.47% 10.8% 15.9%
1961 25.3% 8.49% 9.6% 16.5%
1960 33.2% 13.6% 10.1% 16.6%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1992, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/iceland/philippines | CC BY

In 2024, Iceland's government spending was $15.5B, accounting for 46.5% of its GDP, while the Philippines spent $115B, or 24.9% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 59.4% in Iceland and 56.6% in the Philippines, ranking 80/185 and 93/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Iceland

Philippines
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Iceland Philippines
2024 -3.51% -3.78%
2023 -2.28% -4.38%
2022 -3.93% -5.48%
2021 -8.33% -6.23%
2020 -8.73% -5.55%
2019 -1.57% -1.5%
2018 0.94% -1.48%
2017 0.97% -0.75%
2016 12.4% -0.74%
2015 -0.39% 0.14%
2014 0.29% 1.32%
2013 -1.24% 0.37%
2012 -2.59% -0.22%
2011 -6.46% -0.38%
2010 -6.58% -2.25%
2009 -8.54% -2.57%
2008 -12% 0.02%
2007 5.52% -0.28%
2006 6.37% -0.05%
2005 4.92% -1.62%
2004 0.28% -2.81%
2003 -2.3% -3.49%
2002 -2.25% -3.71%
2001 -0.28% -3.49%
2000 1.43% -3.27%
1999 1.3% -2.29%
1998 -0.56% -1.31%
1997 0.04% 0.37%
1996 -1.52% 0.54%
1995 -2.87% -0.02%
1994 -4.59% -0.44%
1993 -4.36% 0.63%
1992 -1.86% -0.43%
1991 -0.66% -0.26%
1990 -3.16% -1.52%
1989 -4.29% -1.64%
1988 -1.93% -2.71%
1987 -0.79% -1.06%
1986 -3.93% -0.55%
1985 -1.56% 0.71%
1984 2.25% 0.64%
1983 -1.96% 0.1%
1982 1.72% -0.88%
1981 1.32% -1.09%
1980 1.37% 0.56%
1979 -0.07% 1.54%
1978 -0.9% 0.05%
1977 -1.2% -0.42%
1976 0.02% -0.55%
1975 -3.87% 0.13%
1974 -3.64% 5.94%
1973 -0.74% 2.49%
1972 0.05% 3.39%
1971 -0.69% -0.96%
1970 0.27% -0.31%
1969 -0.88% -2.67%
1968 -0.89% -2.33%
1967 0.78% -1.35%
1966 1.69% -0.74%
1965 0.15% -1.53%
1964 -0.41% -0.99%
1963 1.8% -0.68%
1962 2.25% -0.43%
1961 1.64% -0.29%
1960 2.38% -1.06%
1959 2.44% -0.15%
1958 2.16% -0.21%
1957 1.2% -0.56%
1956 -0.09% -0.77%
1955 1.57% -1.3%
1954 1.25% -0.79%
1953 0.34% -0.88%
1952 3.33% 0.49%
1951 2.73% 1.5%
1950 1.23% -0.19%
1949 -0.3% -2.33%
1948 0.67% -0.65%
1947 -1.95% 0.05%
1946 -0.37% -2.54%
1945 -2.33% -
1944 -3.23% -
1943 -0.89% -
1942 -0.75% -
1941 -1.33% -
1940 -1.35% -
1939 -2.6% -
1938 -2.01% -
1937 -2.6% -
1936 -3.34% -
1935 -3.46% -
1934 -4.79% -
1933 -3.42% -
1932 -4.65% -
1931 -4.27% -
1930 -4.94% -
1929 -1.94% -
1928 -1.94% -
1927 -3.45% -
1926 -2.43% -
1925 0.43% -
1924 -1.78% -
1923 -4.99% -
1922 -4.67% -
1921 -6.12% -
1920 -7.45% -
1919 -2.5% -
1918 -7.43% -
1917 -11.3% -
1916 -2.53% -
1915 -2.06% -
1914 -3.21% -
1913 -2.3% -
1912 -2.93% -
1911 -3.06% -
1910 -1.27% -
1909 -2.15% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1909–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/iceland/philippines | CC BY

In 2024, Iceland's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $1.17B, equivalent to 3.51% of GDP. This compares to the Philippines' deficit of $17.5B, or 3.78% of GDP.

Over the past 65 years, Iceland recorded a fiscal deficit in 40 of those years, while the Philippines ran a deficit in 48 years. On average, Iceland posted an annual deficit equal to 1.02% of GDP, compared to deficit of 0.98% of GDP for the Philippines.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Iceland

Philippines
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Iceland Philippines
2024 5.86% 3.21%
2023 8.74% 5.98%
2022 8.31% 5.82%
2021 4.44% 3.93%
2020 2.85% 2.39%
2019 3.01% 2.39%
2018 2.68% 5.31%
2017 1.76% 2.85%
2016 1.7% 1.25%
2015 1.63% 0.67%
2014 2.04% 3.6%
2013 3.87% 2.58%
2012 5.19% 3.03%
2011 4% 4.72%
2010 5.4% 3.79%
2009 12% 4.22%
2008 12.7% 8.26%
2007 5.05% 2.9%
2006 6.69% 5.49%
2005 3.99% 6.52%
2004 3.16% 4.83%
2003 2.06% 2.29%
2002 5.2% 2.72%
2001 6.41% 5.35%
2000 5.14% 3.98%
1999 3.23% 5.94%
1998 1.66% 9.23%
1997 1.82% 5.59%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/iceland/philippines | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Iceland has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 4.66%, compared with 4.24% in the Philippines. In 2024, inflation was 5.86% in Iceland and 3.21% in the Philippines.

Top exports between countries

Iceland
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $25.4M
IT & IP services $591K
Transport & tourism services $469K
Animal & marine products $181K
Chemicals & pharma $25K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $25K
Raw materials & minerals $25K
Precious metals & jewellery $2K
Textiles & consumer goods $1K
Philippines
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $963K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $418K
Metals $329K
Wood & paper products $200K
Precious metals & jewellery $93K
Chemicals & pharma $24K
Animal & marine products $3K
Raw agricultural goods $2K
Textiles & consumer goods $2K

Balance of trade

Iceland Philippines
Current account balance
-$867M
2024
-$18.3B
2024
Current account balance ranking
121/190
2024
183/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-2.61%
2024
-3.96%
2024
Goods imports
$9.3B
2024
$124B
2024
Goods exports
$6.99B
2024
$55.1B
2024
Service imports
$5.16B
2024
$37.6B
2024
Service exports
$7.12B
2024
$51.6B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
43.5%
2024
40.1%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
42.5%
2024
25.8%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Iceland Philippines
Economic freedom 75 62.9
Economic freedom ranking 19/197 85/197
Property rights 94.9 45.8
Government integrity 85 35.4
Judicial effectiveness 95.2 41.8
Tax burden 72.2 78.3
Government spending 37 81
Fiscal health 76.2 60.5
Business freedom 86.8 69.2
Labor freedom 59.3 57.8
Monetary freedom 73.5 72.1
Trade freedom 79.8 83
Investment freedom 70 70
Financial freedom 70 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Iceland
Philippines
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Iceland Philippines
2026 75 62.9
2025 72.8 60.6
2024 70.5 59
2023 72.2 59.3
2022 77 61.1
2021 77.4 64.1
2020 77.1 64.5
2019 77.1 63.8
2018 77 65
2017 74.4 65.6
2016 73.3 63.1
2015 72 62.2
2014 72.4 60.1
2013 72.1 58.2
2012 70.9 57.1
2011 68.2 56.2
2010 73.7 56.3
2009 75.9 56.8
2008 75.8 56
2007 76 56
2006 75.8 56.3
2005 76.6 54.7
2004 72.1 59.1
2003 73.5 61.3
2002 73.1 60.7
2001 73.4 60.9
2000 74 62.5
1999 71.4 61.9
1998 71.2 62.8
1997 70.5 62.2
1996 - 60.2
1995 - 55

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/iceland/philippines | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Iceland is 75, ranking 19/197, compared to 62.9 for the Philippines, ranking 85/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Iceland Philippines
Services, % of GDP
64.9%
2024
63.2%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
20.1%
2024
27.7%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
3.98%
2024
9.08%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$31.8B
2024
$518B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$84,060
2024
$13,330
2024
Total reserves including gold
$6.4B
2024
$106B
2024
Total reserves ranking
90/177
2024
27/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$2.24B
2024
-$6.57B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$2.7B
2024
$9.44B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$461M
2024
$2.87B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
3.45%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
8.8%
2017
15.5%
2023
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
26.1%
2024
23.7%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/iceland/philippines | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1909–1992, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2021–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.