Skip to content

Economy of Jamaica vs Norway compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Jamaica has a GDP of $22B compared to $484B for Norway, ranking 124/197 and 32/197 by economy size, respectively.

Jamaica has $14B in government debt (63.4% of GDP), compared to $207B (42.7% of GDP) in Norway.

Jamaica vs Norway GDP by year

Jamaica
Norway
1x
Year GDP, current $
Jamaica Norway
2024 $22,014,397,090 $483,592,648,313
2023 $21,418,804,320 $482,949,731,777
2022 $18,813,516,805 $596,297,651,036
2021 $15,963,885,376 $503,367,986,030
2020 $15,000,214,216 $367,633,418,887
2019 $17,026,269,263 $408,742,840,909
2018 $16,855,447,986 $439,788,625,884
2017 $15,783,583,237 $401,745,275,035
2016 $14,898,999,754 $370,956,547,619
2015 $14,963,589,916 $388,159,512,246
2014 $13,899,217,680 $501,736,471,833
2013 $14,264,205,153 $526,014,468,085
2012 $14,807,086,556 $512,777,309,841
2011 $14,444,661,522 $501,360,549,669
2010 $13,220,549,908 $431,052,143,940
2009 $12,120,458,115 $387,976,400,617
2008 $13,709,401,520 $464,917,553,191
2007 $12,799,600,047 $402,643,260,488
2006 $11,930,179,090 $346,915,160,682
2005 $11,243,865,778 $309,978,579,744
2004 $10,174,664,854 $265,268,662,473
2003 $9,430,234,811 $229,385,469,337
2002 $9,719,009,495 $195,914,852,576
2001 $9,194,727,831 $174,239,354,071
2000 $9,005,064,475 $171,457,201,936
1999 $8,887,057,997 $162,383,706,021
1998 $8,787,195,622 $154,230,295,158
1997 $8,400,041,724 $161,356,631,888
1996 $7,393,891,921 $163,520,109,151
1995 $6,577,520,643 $152,029,612,325
1994 $5,452,558,947 $127,131,319,429
1993 $5,440,075,676 $120,579,213,713
1992 $3,535,460,090 $130,838,040,068
1991 $4,106,207,649 $121,872,464,483
1990 $4,592,208,087 $119,791,843,060
1989 $4,404,937,853 $102,633,934,391
1988 $3,828,342,820 $101,900,260,856
1987 $3,287,007,322 $94,229,907,236
1986 $2,754,549,582 $78,693,118,044
1985 $2,100,239,019 $65,416,879,914
1984 $2,373,564,549 $62,057,955,033
1983 $3,619,262,277 $61,627,240,831
1982 $3,293,496,312 $62,647,195,538
1981 $2,979,027,966 $63,596,654,761
1980 $2,679,379,372 $64,439,382,896
1979 $2,425,064,229 $53,132,244,624
1978 $2,644,527,822 $46,522,900,254
1977 $3,249,733,140 $41,508,030,431
1976 $2,966,042,856 $35,942,270,686
1975 $2,860,442,750 $32,877,805,200
1974 $2,375,122,375 $27,145,693,810
1973 $1,905,917,553 $22,534,253,703
1972 $1,875,146,587 $17,358,610,850
1971 $1,539,861,816 $14,583,114,840
1970 $1,404,720,442 $12,814,123,115
1969 $1,191,239,047 $11,136,187,440
1968 $1,083,839,133 $10,227,087,165
1967 $1,148,014,311 $9,577,383,653
1966 $1,096,759,561 $8,753,940,267
1965 $972,159,611 $8,111,945,661
1964 $897,949,001 $7,206,522,122
1963 $826,706,669 $6,553,269,536
1962 $777,727,689 $6,107,076,929
1961 $748,043,501 $5,669,689,210
1960 $699,064,380 $5,197,398,721

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/jamaica/norway | CC BY

GDP per capita in Jamaica vs Norway by year

Jamaica
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Norway
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Jamaica Norway
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $7,754 $12,890 $86,785 $102,038
2023 $7,542 $12,651 $87,497 $103,638
2022 $6,626 $11,888 $109,270 $125,490
2021 $5,626 $10,431 $93,073 $88,984
2020 $5,299 $9,764 $68,340 $67,111
2019 $6,031 $10,845 $76,431 $70,940
2018 $5,977 $10,753 $82,793 $70,254
2017 $5,605 $10,466 $76,132 $64,590
2016 $5,302 $9,948 $70,867 $59,280
2015 $5,339 $9,476 $74,810 $60,738
2014 $4,975 $9,210 $97,667 $66,332
2013 $5,124 $9,101 $103,554 $67,378
2012 $5,341 $8,831 $102,176 $65,774
2011 $5,233 $8,809 $101,222 $62,460
2010 $4,810 $8,521 $88,163 $58,213
2009 $4,428 $8,580 $80,348 $55,648
2008 $5,030 $8,952 $97,504 $62,073
2007 $4,716 $8,893 $85,502 $56,179
2006 $4,417 $8,577 $74,434 $54,358
2005 $4,184 $8,127 $67,047 $47,967
2004 $3,808 $7,854 $57,769 $42,667
2003 $3,550 $7,593 $50,250 $38,680
2002 $3,681 $7,226 $43,171 $38,056
2001 $3,504 $7,019 $38,602 $37,829
2000 $3,453 $6,816 $38,178 $36,994
1999 $3,432 $6,653 $36,393 $30,574
1998 $3,419 $6,543 $34,803 $28,200
1997 $3,297 $6,682 $36,629 $28,610
1996 $2,929 $6,706 $37,322 $26,826
1995 $2,631 $6,657 $34,876 $24,360
1994 $2,203 $6,435 $29,316 $23,027
1993 $2,221 $6,279 $27,964 $21,584
1992 $1,458 $5,664 $30,524 $20,623
1991 $1,710 $5,485 $28,597 $19,580
1990 $1,930 $5,106 $28,243 $18,461
1989 $1,865 - $24,281 -
1988 $1,632 - $24,207 -
1987 $1,411 - $22,506 -
1986 $1,191 - $18,883 -
1985 $917 - $15,754 -
1984 $1,048 - $14,989 -
1983 $1,619 - $14,928 -
1982 $1,494 - $15,225 -
1981 $1,370 - $15,513 -
1980 $1,249 - $15,772 -
1979 $1,144 - $13,047 -
1978 $1,262 - $11,463 -
1977 $1,569 - $10,266 -
1976 $1,450 - $8,927 -
1975 $1,417 - $8,204 -
1974 $1,193 - $6,812 -
1973 $972 - $5,690 -
1972 $971 - $4,414 -
1971 $809 - $3,736 -
1970 $748 - $3,306 -
1969 $642 - $2,894 -
1968 $591 - $2,680 -
1967 $633 - $2,531 -
1966 $612 - $2,333 -
1965 $549 - $2,179 -
1964 $514 - $1,951 -
1963 $480 - $1,787 -
1962 $458 - $1,678 -
1961 $447 - $1,571 -
1960 $424 - $1,451 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/jamaica/norway | CC BY

Jamaica's GDP per capita is $7,754, ranking 95/197, compared to $86,785 in Norway, ranking 8/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Jamaica ranks 121st at $12,890, while Norway ranks 7th at $102,038.

Economic indicators

Jamaica Norway
Gross domestic product
$22B
2024
$484B
2024
GDP rank
124/197
2024
32/197
2024
GDP growth
-0.54%
2023-2024
2.1%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$7,754
2024
$86,785
2024
GDP per capita rank
95/197
2024
8/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$12,890
2024
$102,038
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
121/197
2024
7/197
2024
Government debt
$14B
2024
$207B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
63.4%
2024
42.7%
2024
Government debt per person
$4,917
2024
$37,074
2024
Government debt per person rank
79/185
2024
17/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$6,905
2026
$49,765
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$12.4B
2024
$296B
2019
Number of millionaires n/a
348,000
2025
Number of billionaires n/a
17
2025
Income share by richest 10%
29.6%
2021
21.6%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
2.2%
2021
3.6%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
30.5%
2024
48.5%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
5.41%
2023-2024
3.15%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
5.75%
2025
4%
2025
Unemployment rate
3.02%
2023
3.98%
2024
Population
2834980
5671119

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Jamaica
Spending

Debt
Norway
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Jamaica Norway
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 30.5% 63.4% 48.5% 42.7%
2023 28% 67.3% 45.9% 44.1%
2022 28.4% 73.5% 37.5% 36.1%
2021 29% 90.9% 46.3% 41.6%
2020 29.8% 100.1% 56.7% 46%
2019 27.8% 88.6% 50.2% 40.5%
2018 27.8% 89.2% 47.7% 39.3%
2017 27.3% 96.7% 49.2% 38.2%
2016 27% 109.1% 50.4% 37.9%
2015 26.3% 117.6% 48.2% 34.3%
2014 26.5% 136.7% 45.2% 29.6%
2013 26.9% 138.1% 43.5% 31.4%
2012 29.6% 143% 42.4% 30.9%
2011 31.7% 138.1% 43.3% 29.6%
2010 32.9% 140.1% 44.5% 43%
2009 38.6% 141.5% 45.6% 42.5%
2008 34.4% 125.6% 39.8% 47.5%
2007 31.6% 115.3% 41% 49.5%
2006 31.2% 118% 40.5% 52.6%
2005 29.3% 124.5% 41.8% 42.3%
2004 31.5% 120.1% 44.7% 43.8%
2003 32.5% 125.5% 47.6% 43.1%
2002 31.1% 119.1% 46.1% 33.9%
2001 28.5% 107.9% 43.2% 27.2%
2000 26.2% 91.3% 41.3% 28.7%
1999 28.9% 83.5% 46.4% 25%
1998 28.3% 75.6% 47.8% 23.6%
1997 28.3% 74.4% 45.5% 25.8%
1996 27.7% 70.2% 47% 28.4%
1995 23.1% 85.2% 49.3% 32.7%
1994 21.5% 90.4% 49.4% 50.6%
1993 21.5% 106.2% 50.2% 53.7%
1992 20% 100.4% 51.3% 45%
1991 24.5% 175.1% 50% 39.2%
1990 25.7% 128.8% 48.9% 28.9%
1989 - - 52.2% 30.4%
1988 - - 52.6% 30.5%
1987 - - 50.5% 31.3%
1986 - - 48.1% 37.8%
1985 - - 44% 30.2%
1984 - - 44.5% 27.8%
1983 - - 46.4% 27.4%
1982 - - 46.6% 29.7%
1981 - - 46.1% 32.9%
1980 - - 46.1% 36.8%
1979 - - 47.2% 39.6%
1978 - - 47.9% 49.9%
1977 - - 46.5% 43.8%
1976 - - 45.2% 38.5%
1975 - - 43.5% 36.7%
1974 - - 42.2% 35.4%
1973 - - 42.3% 37.7%
1972 - - 42.2% 38.9%
1971 - - 40.7% 38.5%
1970 - - 38.9% 38.6%
1969 - - 38% 22.3%
1968 - - 36.2% 22.5%
1967 - - 34.9% 22.6%
1966 - - 33.5% 22.4%
1965 - - 32.9% 23%
1964 - - 32% 24.2%
1963 - - 31.9% 25.3%
1962 - - 30.6% 26.7%
1961 - - 20.4% 27.7%
1960 - - 18% 29.8%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1998, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/jamaica/norway | CC BY

In 2024, Jamaica's government spending was $6.72B, accounting for 30.5% of its GDP, while Norway spent $234B, or 48.5% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 63.4% in Jamaica and 42.7% in Norway, ranking 73/185 and 127/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Jamaica

Norway
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Jamaica Norway
2024 0.22% 13.2%
2023 0.04% 16.6%
2022 0.27% 25.5%
2021 0.89% 10.3%
2020 -2.83% -2.56%
2019 0.85% 6.52%
2018 1.12% 7.81%
2017 0.43% 4.96%
2016 -0.19% 4.04%
2015 -0.28% 5.99%
2014 -0.49% 8.57%
2013 0.12% 10.6%
2012 -4.05% 13.7%
2011 -6.34% 13.3%
2010 -6.27% 10.9%
2009 -11.1% 10.2%
2008 -7.43% 18.5%
2007 -3.82% 17%
2006 -4.9% 17.9%
2005 -3.3% 14.7%
2004 -4.68% 10.8%
2003 -5.67% 7.2%
2002 -6.77% 9.03%
2001 -4.89% 13.2%
2000 -0.8% 15%
1999 -3.53% 5.71%
1998 -5.82% 3.07%
1997 -6.54% 7.35%
1996 -5.32% 6.01%
1995 1.6% 2.96%
1994 2.59% 0.04%
1993 2.6% -1.64%
1992 3.11% -2.07%
1991 3.87% -0.12%
1990 2.34% 1.95%
1989 - 1.81%
1988 - 2.65%
1987 - 4.56%
1986 - 5.87%
1985 - 9.84%
1984 - 6.97%
1983 - 6.03%
1982 - 3.96%
1981 - 4.82%
1980 - 5.38%
1979 - 2.16%
1978 - 0.94%
1977 - 1.01%
1976 - 2.2%
1975 - 2.88%
1974 - 4.06%
1973 - 4.99%
1972 - 3.93%
1971 - 3.71%
1970 - 2.83%
1969 - 3.57%
1968 - 3.38%
1967 - 4.19%
1966 - 3.59%
1965 - 2.78%
1964 - 3.08%
1963 - 2.6%
1962 - 4%
1961 - -0.7%
1960 - 1.42%
1959 - 1.89%
1958 - 1.7%
1957 - 1.55%
1956 - 1.22%
1955 - 0.82%
1954 - -0.54%
1953 - 1.3%
1952 - 2.15%
1951 - 1.59%
1950 - -0.89%
1949 - -0.72%
1948 - -0.35%
1947 - -4.66%
1946 - -3.82%
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 - -0.54%
1938 - 0.03%
1937 - -0.16%
1936 - -0.7%
1935 - -1.1%
1934 - -0.59%
1933 - -1.29%
1932 - -1.14%
1931 - -1.15%
1930 - -0.46%
1929 - -0.83%
1928 - -0.81%
1927 - -0.76%
1926 - -1.59%
1925 - -1.92%
1924 - -2.96%
1923 - -3.58%
1922 - -4.28%
1921 - -5.47%
1920 - -1.15%
1919 - -2.11%
1918 - -1.17%
1917 - 0.2%
1916 - -0.36%
1915 - -2.04%
1914 - -1.09%
1913 - -0.9%
1912 - -0.89%
1911 - -0.05%
1910 - 0.3%
1909 - -0.52%
1908 - -0.06%
1907 - 0.16%
1906 - -0.59%
1905 - -0.52%
1904 - -0.75%
1903 - -1.12%
1902 - -1.52%
1901 - -1.41%
1900 - -1.99%
1899 - -1.35%
1898 - -1.39%
1897 - -0.63%
1896 - -1.57%
1895 - -1.66%
1894 - -1.13%
1893 - -1.25%
1892 - -0.94%
1891 - -0.44%
1890 - -0.2%
1889 - -0.07%
1888 - -0.23%
1887 - -0.17%
1886 - -0.2%
1885 - -0.005%
1884 - -0.08%
1883 - -0.17%
1882 - -0.62%
1881 - -1.13%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1881–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/jamaica/norway | CC BY

In 2024, Jamaica's government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $49.1M, equivalent to 0.22% of GDP. This compares to Norway's surplus of $64.1B, or 13.2% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, Jamaica recorded a fiscal deficit in 21 of those years, while Norway ran a deficit in 4 years. On average, Jamaica posted an annual deficit equal to 2.14% of GDP, compared to surplus of 8.75% of GDP for Norway.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Jamaica

Norway
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Jamaica Norway
2024 5.41% 3.15%
2023 6.47% 5.52%
2022 10.3% 5.76%
2021 5.86% 3.48%
2020 5.23% 1.29%
2019 3.91% 2.17%
2018 3.74% 2.76%
2017 4.38% 1.88%
2016 2.35% 3.55%
2015 3.69% 2.17%
2014 8.27% 2.04%
2013 9.34% 2.12%
2012 6.87% 0.7%
2011 7.56% 1.28%
2010 12.6% 2.42%
2009 9.59% 2.2%
2008 22% 3.75%
2007 9.24% 0.71%
2006 8.56% 2.33%
2005 15.1% 1.53%
2004 13.6% 0.45%
2003 10.1% 2.49%
2002 7.08% 1.29%
2001 6.8% 3%
2000 8.17% 3.09%
1999 5.95% 2.37%
1998 8.63% 2.25%
1997 9.66% 2.57%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/jamaica/norway | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Jamaica has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 8.23%, compared with 2.44% in Norway. In 2024, inflation was 5.41% in Jamaica and 3.15% in Norway.

Top exports between countries

Jamaica
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $5.03M
Machinery & equipment $141K
Raw agricultural goods $1K
Norway
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $52.1M
Animal & marine products $22.2M
Machinery & equipment $547K
Chemicals & pharma $177K
Wood & paper products $44K
Miscellaneous $34K
Metals $20K
Textiles & consumer goods $16K

Balance of trade

Jamaica Norway
Current account balance
$679M
2024
$71.6B
2024
Current account balance ranking
56/190
2024
11/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+3.08%
2024
+14.8%
2024
Goods imports
$6.07B
2024
$97.5B
2024
Goods exports
$1.87B
2024
$162B
2024
Service imports
$3.46B
2024
$63.6B
2024
Service exports
$5.26B
2024
$55.6B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
52.1%
2019
33.9%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
38%
2019
47.5%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Jamaica Norway
Economic freedom 68.2 78.8
Economic freedom ranking 48/197 9/197
Property rights 66.8 99.6
Government integrity 49.4 94.3
Judicial effectiveness 75.6 96.4
Tax burden 76.3 63.3
Government spending 76 42
Fiscal health 92.2 96.4
Business freedom 68.5 91.2
Labor freedom 59.2 69.3
Monetary freedom 74.2 72.4
Trade freedom 70.4 85.6
Investment freedom 60 75
Financial freedom 50 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Jamaica
Norway
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Jamaica Norway
2026 68.2 78.8
2025 68.7 78.3
2024 68.1 77.5
2023 68.1 76.9
2022 67.4 76.9
2021 69 73.4
2020 68.5 73.4
2019 68.6 73
2018 69.1 74.3
2017 69.5 74
2016 67.5 70.8
2015 67.7 71.8
2014 66.7 70.9
2013 66.8 70.5
2012 65.1 68.8
2011 65.7 70.3
2010 65.5 69.4
2009 65.2 70.2
2008 65.7 68.6
2007 65.5 67.9
2006 66.4 67.9
2005 67 64.5
2004 66.7 66.2
2003 67 67.2
2002 61.7 67.4
2001 63.7 67.1
2000 65.5 70.1
1999 64.7 68.6
1998 67.1 68
1997 67.7 65.1
1996 66.7 65.4
1995 64.4 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/jamaica/norway | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Jamaica is 68.2, ranking 48/197, compared to 78.8 for Norway, ranking 9/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Jamaica Norway
Services, % of GDP
60%
2024
51.8%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
16.5%
2024
37%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
7.97%
2024
2.08%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$20.5B
2024
$547B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$12,690
2024
$106,830
2024
Total reserves including gold
$5.63B
2024
$81.2B
2024
Total reserves ranking
93/177
2024
32/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$304M
2024
-$7.83B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$305M
2024
$12B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$1.07M
2024
$4.95B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
11.3%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
8.2%
2023
12.2%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
22.6%
2019
24.1%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/jamaica/norway | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Help us show the world through your eyes

Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.

Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1881–1998, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2022–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.