Skip to content

Economy of Jamaica vs Norway compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Jamaica has a GDP of $22.7B compared to $531B for Norway, ranking 125/197 and 32/197 by economy size, respectively.

Jamaica has $15.4B in government debt (67.7% of GDP), compared to $239B (45% of GDP) in Norway.

Jamaica vs Norway GDP by year

Jamaica
Norway
1x
Year GDP, current $
Jamaica Norway
2025 $22,704,903,218 $530,755,719,439
2024 $22,014,429,051 $500,886,328,034
2023 $21,418,797,833 $502,197,633,323
2022 $18,813,516,805 $617,321,834,099
2021 $15,963,885,376 $521,592,200,233
2020 $15,000,214,216 $382,252,517,922
2019 $17,026,269,263 $424,244,886,364
2018 $16,855,447,986 $454,588,871,811
2017 $15,783,583,237 $415,673,181,543
2016 $14,898,999,754 $383,284,047,619
2015 $14,963,589,916 $400,669,174,331
2014 $13,899,217,680 $515,829,568,897
2013 $14,264,205,153 $540,132,255,319
2012 $14,807,086,556 $525,082,939,407
2011 $14,444,661,522 $512,868,581,628
2010 $13,220,549,908 $440,132,138,425
2009 $12,120,458,115 $395,664,488,017
2008 $13,709,401,520 $472,060,283,688
2007 $12,799,600,047 $407,813,774,161
2006 $11,930,179,090 $349,773,283,645
2005 $11,243,865,778 $311,417,306,946
2004 $10,174,664,854 $265,662,977,688
2003 $9,430,234,811 $229,192,678,173
2002 $9,719,009,495 $195,359,978,957
2001 $9,194,727,831 $173,590,978,347
2000 $9,005,064,475 $170,620,327,660
1999 $8,887,057,997 $161,304,620,987
1998 $8,787,195,622 $152,955,958,172
1997 $8,400,041,724 $160,013,571,974
1996 $7,393,891,921 $162,427,517,132
1995 $6,577,520,643 $151,083,627,983
1994 $5,452,558,947 $126,324,387,894
1993 $5,440,075,676 $119,841,699,440
1992 $3,535,460,090 $129,998,873,602
1991 $4,106,207,649 $121,149,331,318
1990 $4,592,208,087 $119,344,377,526
1989 $4,404,937,853 $102,226,808,603
1988 $3,828,342,820 $101,497,621,605
1987 $3,287,007,322 $93,913,320,965
1986 $2,754,549,582 $78,438,205,742
1985 $2,100,239,019 $65,211,464,198
1984 $2,373,564,549 $61,866,078,539
1983 $3,619,262,277 $61,417,685,434
1982 $3,293,496,312 $62,453,362,256
1981 $2,979,027,966 $63,392,804,251
1980 $2,679,379,372 $64,176,789,764
1979 $2,425,064,229 $52,935,763,512
1978 $2,644,527,822 $46,355,988,784
1977 $3,249,733,140 $41,362,637,363
1976 $2,966,042,856 $35,815,449,464
1975 $2,860,442,750 $32,742,543,381
1974 $2,375,122,375 $27,033,413,362
1973 $1,905,917,553 $22,433,660,550
1972 $1,875,146,587 $17,283,931,878
1971 $1,539,861,816 $14,523,306,736
1970 $1,404,720,442 $12,753,503,479
1969 $1,191,239,047 $11,083,505,596
1968 $1,083,839,133 $10,178,705,992
1967 $1,148,014,311 $9,532,076,026
1966 $1,096,759,561 $8,712,528,095
1965 $972,159,611 $8,073,570,566
1964 $897,949,001 $7,172,430,304
1963 $826,706,669 $6,522,268,053
1962 $777,727,689 $6,078,186,245
1961 $748,043,501 $5,642,867,672
1960 $699,064,380 $5,172,811,442

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/jamaica/norway | CC BY

GDP per capita in Jamaica vs Norway by year

Jamaica
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Norway
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Jamaica Norway
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $8,003 - $94,594 -
2024 $7,754 $12,890 $89,889 $102,038
2023 $7,542 $12,651 $90,984 $103,638
2022 $6,626 $11,888 $113,122 $125,490
2021 $5,626 $10,431 $96,443 $88,984
2020 $5,299 $9,764 $71,058 $67,111
2019 $6,031 $10,845 $79,329 $70,940
2018 $5,977 $10,753 $85,579 $70,254
2017 $5,605 $10,466 $78,771 $64,590
2016 $5,302 $9,948 $73,222 $59,280
2015 $5,339 $9,476 $77,221 $60,738
2014 $4,975 $9,210 $100,410 $66,332
2013 $5,124 $9,101 $106,333 $67,378
2012 $5,341 $8,831 $104,628 $65,774
2011 $5,233 $8,809 $103,545 $62,460
2010 $4,810 $8,521 $90,020 $58,213
2009 $4,428 $8,580 $81,940 $55,648
2008 $5,030 $8,952 $99,002 $62,073
2007 $4,716 $8,893 $86,600 $56,179
2006 $4,417 $8,577 $75,048 $54,358
2005 $4,184 $8,127 $67,358 $47,967
2004 $3,808 $7,854 $57,855 $42,667
2003 $3,550 $7,593 $50,208 $38,680
2002 $3,681 $7,226 $43,048 $38,056
2001 $3,504 $7,019 $38,458 $37,829
2000 $3,453 $6,816 $37,992 $36,994
1999 $3,432 $6,653 $36,151 $30,574
1998 $3,419 $6,543 $34,516 $28,200
1997 $3,297 $6,682 $36,324 $28,610
1996 $2,929 $6,706 $37,073 $26,826
1995 $2,631 $6,657 $34,659 $24,360
1994 $2,203 $6,435 $29,130 $23,027
1993 $2,221 $6,279 $27,793 $21,584
1992 $1,458 $5,664 $30,328 $20,623
1991 $1,710 $5,485 $28,427 $19,580
1990 $1,930 $5,106 $28,137 $18,461
1989 $1,865 - $24,185 -
1988 $1,632 - $24,112 -
1987 $1,411 - $22,430 -
1986 $1,191 - $18,822 -
1985 $917 - $15,704 -
1984 $1,048 - $14,943 -
1983 $1,619 - $14,877 -
1982 $1,494 - $15,178 -
1981 $1,370 - $15,463 -
1980 $1,249 - $15,708 -
1979 $1,144 - $12,998 -
1978 $1,262 - $11,421 -
1977 $1,569 - $10,230 -
1976 $1,450 - $8,896 -
1975 $1,417 - $8,171 -
1974 $1,193 - $6,783 -
1973 $972 - $5,664 -
1972 $971 - $4,395 -
1971 $809 - $3,721 -
1970 $748 - $3,291 -
1969 $642 - $2,881 -
1968 $591 - $2,667 -
1967 $633 - $2,519 -
1966 $612 - $2,321 -
1965 $549 - $2,168 -
1964 $514 - $1,941 -
1963 $480 - $1,779 -
1962 $458 - $1,670 -
1961 $447 - $1,563 -
1960 $424 - $1,444 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/jamaica/norway | CC BY

Jamaica's GDP per capita is $8,003, ranking 98/197, compared to $94,594 in Norway, ranking 9/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Jamaica ranks 121st at $12,890, while Norway ranks 7th at $102,038.

Economic indicators

Jamaica Norway
Gross domestic product
$22.7B
2025
$531B
2025
GDP rank
125/197
2025
32/197
2025
GDP growth
0.08%
2024-2025
1.09%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$8,003
2025
$94,594
2025
GDP per capita rank
98/197
2025
9/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$12,890
2024
$102,038
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
121/197
2024
7/197
2024
Government debt
$15.4B
2025
$239B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
67.7%
2025
45%
2025
Government debt per person
$5,419
2025
$42,567
2025
Government debt per person rank
80/185
2025
15/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$8,390
2026
$50,036
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$11.6B
2025
$296B
2019
Number of millionaires n/a
348,000
2025
Number of billionaires n/a
17
2026
Income share by richest 10%
29.6%
2021
21.6%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
2.2%
2021
3.6%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
33.8%
2025
49.6%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
4%
2024-2025
3.06%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
5.75%
2025
4.25%
2026
Unemployment rate
3.02%
2023
4.5%
2025
Population
2834177
5660666

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Jamaica
Spending

Debt
Norway
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Jamaica Norway
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 33.8% 67.7% 49.6% 45%
2024 30.1% 62.5% 46.9% 52.8%
2023 27.7% 66.5% 44.2% 42.4%
2022 27.1% 70.2% 36.2% 34.8%
2021 27.6% 86.3% 44.7% 40.1%
2020 30.1% 101.3% 54.5% 44.3%
2019 27.5% 87.7% 48.4% 39%
2018 27.5% 88.3% 46.1% 38.1%
2017 26.9% 95.1% 47.6% 36.9%
2016 26.5% 106.9% 48.8% 36.7%
2015 25.9% 115.9% 46.7% 33.2%
2014 26.1% 134.4% 44% 28.8%
2013 26.3% 135.2% 42.3% 30.6%
2012 29.1% 140.3% 41.4% 30.2%
2011 31.2% 135.9% 42.3% 28.9%
2010 32.3% 137.8% 43.6% 42.1%
2009 37.7% 138.3% 44.7% 41.7%
2008 33.9% 123.8% 39.2% 46.8%
2007 30.6% 111.6% 40.5% 48.9%
2006 30.1% 114.2% 40.1% 52.2%
2005 28.6% 121.5% 41.6% 42.1%
2004 30.7% 116.9% 44.7% 43.8%
2003 31.1% 120.1% 47.7% 43.1%
2002 30.1% 115.4% 46.3% 34%
2001 27.8% 105.3% 43.4% 27.3%
2000 25.7% 89.5% 41.5% 28.8%
1999 27.9% 80.7% 46.7% 25.1%
1998 27.9% 75.6% 48.2% 23.8%
1997 27.6% 74.4% 45.9% 26%
1996 27.4% 70.2% 47.4% 28.6%
1995 22.1% 85.2% 49.6% 32.9%
1994 19.9% 90.4% 49.7% 51%
1993 19.6% 106.2% 50.5% 54%
1992 18.2% 100.4% 51.6% 45.3%
1991 19.9% 175.1% 50.3% 39.5%
1990 22.6% 128.8% 49.1% 29.1%
1989 - - 52.2% 30.4%
1988 - - 52.6% 30.5%
1987 - - 50.5% 31.3%
1986 - - 48.1% 37.8%
1985 - - 44% 30.2%
1984 - - 44.5% 27.8%
1983 - - 46.4% 27.4%
1982 - - 46.6% 29.7%
1981 - - 46.1% 32.9%
1980 - - 46.1% 36.8%
1979 - - 47.2% 39.6%
1978 - - 47.9% 49.9%
1977 - - 46.5% 43.8%
1976 - - 45.2% 38.5%
1975 - - 43.5% 36.7%
1974 - - 42.2% 35.4%
1973 - - 42.3% 37.7%
1972 - - 42.2% 38.9%
1971 - - 40.7% 38.5%
1970 - - 38.9% 38.6%
1969 - - 38% 22.3%
1968 - - 36.2% 22.5%
1967 - - 34.9% 22.6%
1966 - - 33.5% 22.4%
1965 - - 32.9% 23%
1964 - - 32% 24.2%
1963 - - 31.9% 25.3%
1962 - - 30.6% 26.7%
1961 - - 20.4% 27.7%
1960 - - 18% 29.8%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1998, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/jamaica/norway | CC BY

In 2025, Jamaica's government spending was $7.68B, accounting for 33.8% of its GDP, while Norway spent $263B, or 49.6% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 67.7% in Jamaica and 45% in Norway, ranking 62/185 and 117/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Jamaica

Norway
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Jamaica Norway
2025 -3.77% 9.34%
2024 0.22% 12.8%
2023 0.04% 15.9%
2022 0.26% 24.7%
2021 0.84% 9.93%
2020 -2.87% -2.46%
2019 0.85% 6.28%
2018 1.1% 7.56%
2017 0.42% 4.79%
2016 -0.18% 3.91%
2015 -0.28% 5.8%
2014 -0.48% 8.34%
2013 0.12% 10.3%
2012 -3.97% 13.4%
2011 -6.24% 13%
2010 -6.17% 10.6%
2009 -10.8% 10%
2008 -7.32% 18.3%
2007 -3.7% 16.8%
2006 -4.74% 17.7%
2005 -3.22% 14.7%
2004 -4.56% 10.8%
2003 -5.42% 7.21%
2002 -6.55% 9.05%
2001 -4.77% 13.2%
2000 -0.78% 15.1%
1999 -3.41% 5.75%
1998 -5.73% 3.09%
1997 -6.39% 7.41%
1996 -5.25% 6.05%
1995 1.53% 2.98%
1994 2.4% 0.04%
1993 2.37% -1.65%
1992 2.83% -2.08%
1991 3.14% -0.12%
1990 2.06% 1.96%
1989 - 1.81%
1988 - 2.65%
1987 - 4.56%
1986 - 5.87%
1985 - 9.84%
1984 - 6.97%
1983 - 6.03%
1982 - 3.96%
1981 - 4.82%
1980 - 5.38%
1979 - 2.16%
1978 - 0.94%
1977 - 1.01%
1976 - 2.2%
1975 - 2.88%
1974 - 4.06%
1973 - 4.99%
1972 - 3.93%
1971 - 3.71%
1970 - 2.83%
1969 - 3.57%
1968 - 3.38%
1967 - 4.19%
1966 - 3.59%
1965 - 2.78%
1964 - 3.08%
1963 - 2.6%
1962 - 4%
1961 - -0.7%
1960 - 1.42%
1959 - 1.89%
1958 - 1.7%
1957 - 1.55%
1956 - 1.22%
1955 - 0.82%
1954 - -0.54%
1953 - 1.3%
1952 - 2.15%
1951 - 1.59%
1950 - -0.89%
1949 - -0.72%
1948 - -0.35%
1947 - -4.66%
1946 - -3.82%
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 - -0.54%
1938 - 0.03%
1937 - -0.16%
1936 - -0.7%
1935 - -1.1%
1934 - -0.59%
1933 - -1.29%
1932 - -1.14%
1931 - -1.15%
1930 - -0.46%
1929 - -0.83%
1928 - -0.81%
1927 - -0.76%
1926 - -1.59%
1925 - -1.92%
1924 - -2.96%
1923 - -3.58%
1922 - -4.28%
1921 - -5.47%
1920 - -1.15%
1919 - -2.11%
1918 - -1.17%
1917 - 0.2%
1916 - -0.36%
1915 - -2.04%
1914 - -1.09%
1913 - -0.9%
1912 - -0.89%
1911 - -0.05%
1910 - 0.3%
1909 - -0.52%
1908 - -0.06%
1907 - 0.16%
1906 - -0.59%
1905 - -0.52%
1904 - -0.75%
1903 - -1.12%
1902 - -1.52%
1901 - -1.41%
1900 - -1.99%
1899 - -1.35%
1898 - -1.39%
1897 - -0.63%
1896 - -1.57%
1895 - -1.66%
1894 - -1.13%
1893 - -1.25%
1892 - -0.94%
1891 - -0.44%
1890 - -0.2%
1889 - -0.07%
1888 - -0.23%
1887 - -0.17%
1886 - -0.2%
1885 - -0.005%
1884 - -0.08%
1883 - -0.17%
1882 - -0.62%
1881 - -1.13%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1881–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/jamaica/norway | CC BY

In 2025, Jamaica's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $856M, equivalent to 3.77% of GDP. This compares to Norway's surplus of $49.6B, or 9.34% of GDP.

Over the past 36 years, Jamaica recorded a fiscal deficit in 22 of those years, while Norway ran a deficit in 4 years. On average, Jamaica posted an annual deficit equal to 2.18% of GDP, compared to surplus of 8.62% of GDP for Norway.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Jamaica

Norway
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Jamaica Norway
2025 4% 3.06%
2024 5.41% 3.15%
2023 6.47% 5.52%
2022 10.3% 5.76%
2021 5.86% 3.48%
2020 5.23% 1.29%
2019 3.91% 2.17%
2018 3.74% 2.76%
2017 4.38% 1.88%
2016 2.35% 3.55%
2015 3.69% 2.17%
2014 8.27% 2.04%
2013 9.34% 2.12%
2012 6.87% 0.7%
2011 7.56% 1.28%
2010 12.6% 2.42%
2009 9.59% 2.2%
2008 22% 3.75%
2007 9.24% 0.71%
2006 8.56% 2.33%
2005 15.1% 1.53%
2004 13.6% 0.45%
2003 10.1% 2.49%
2002 7.08% 1.29%
2001 6.8% 3%
2000 8.17% 3.09%
1999 5.95% 2.37%
1998 8.63% 2.25%
1997 9.66% 2.57%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/jamaica/norway | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Jamaica has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 8.08%, compared with 2.46% in Norway. In 2025, inflation was 4% in Jamaica and 3.06% in Norway.

Top exports between countries

Jamaica
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $5.03M
Machinery & equipment $141K
Precious metals & jewellery $3K
Raw agricultural goods $1K
Textiles & consumer goods $1K
Norway
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $52.1M
Animal & marine products $33.7M
Chemicals & pharma $552K
Metals $346K
Machinery & equipment $250K
Miscellaneous $178K
Wood & paper products $44K
Textiles & consumer goods $22K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $3K

Balance of trade

Jamaica Norway
Current account balance
$679M
2024
$74.1B
2025
Current account balance ranking
53/190
2024
10/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
+3.08%
2024
+14%
2025
Goods imports
$6.07B
2024
$105B
2025
Goods exports
$1.87B
2024
$177B
2025
Service imports
$3.46B
2024
$73.9B
2025
Service exports
$5.26B
2024
$63.5B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
52.1%
2019
33.7%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
38%
2019
45.4%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Jamaica Norway
Economic freedom 68.2 78.8
Economic freedom ranking 48/197 9/197
Property rights 66.8 99.6
Government integrity 49.4 94.3
Judicial effectiveness 75.6 96.4
Tax burden 76.3 63.3
Government spending 76 42
Fiscal health 92.2 96.4
Business freedom 68.5 91.2
Labor freedom 59.2 69.3
Monetary freedom 74.2 72.4
Trade freedom 70.4 85.6
Investment freedom 60 75
Financial freedom 50 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Jamaica
Norway
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Jamaica Norway
2026 68.2 78.8
2025 68.7 78.3
2024 68.1 77.5
2023 68.1 76.9
2022 67.4 76.9
2021 69 73.4
2020 68.5 73.4
2019 68.6 73
2018 69.1 74.3
2017 69.5 74
2016 67.5 70.8
2015 67.7 71.8
2014 66.7 70.9
2013 66.8 70.5
2012 65.1 68.8
2011 65.7 70.3
2010 65.5 69.4
2009 65.2 70.2
2008 65.7 68.6
2007 65.5 67.9
2006 66.4 67.9
2005 67 64.5
2004 66.7 66.2
2003 67 67.2
2002 61.7 67.4
2001 63.7 67.1
2000 65.5 70.1
1999 64.7 68.6
1998 67.1 68
1997 67.7 65.1
1996 66.7 65.4
1995 64.4 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/jamaica/norway | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Jamaica is 68.2, ranking 48/197, compared to 78.8 for Norway, ranking 9/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Jamaica Norway
Services, % of GDP
59.8%
2025
55%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
16.3%
2025
34.5%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
8.74%
2025
1.64%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$22.1B
2025
$546B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$13,090
2025
$107,770
2025
Total reserves including gold
$6.3B
2025
$85.5B
2025
Total reserves ranking
92/177
2025
34/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$304M
2024
$8.93B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$305M
2024
$12.1B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$1.07M
2024
$5.62B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
11.3%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
8.2%
2023
12.2%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
22.6%
2019
23.2%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/jamaica/norway | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Help us show the world through your eyes

Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.

Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1881–1998, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2022–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.