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Economy of Norway vs Seychelles compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Norway has a GDP of $484B compared to $2.17B for the Seychelles, ranking 32/197 and 176/197 by economy size, respectively.

Norway has $207B in government debt (42.7% of GDP), compared to $1.25B (59.3% of GDP) in the Seychelles.

The chart below compares the two countries' GDP growth in both current (nominal) and constant dollars, accounting for inflation over time.

Norway
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Seychelles
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Year GDP
Norway Seychelles
Current $ Constant $ Current $ Constant $
1960 $5,197,398,721 $68,793,506,118 $12,012,025 $132,183,660
1961 $5,669,689,210 $73,109,153,566 $11,592,024 $125,730,088
1962 $6,107,076,929 $75,166,405,039 $12,642,026 $136,302,205
1963 $6,553,269,536 $78,011,485,854 $13,923,029 $150,117,255
1964 $7,206,522,122 $81,919,589,025 $15,393,032 $159,003,065
1965 $8,111,945,661 $86,249,538,031 $15,603,032 $157,316,725
1966 $8,753,940,267 $89,515,388,221 $16,443,034 $179,178,255
1967 $9,577,383,653 $95,115,541,631 $16,632,032 $180,082,639
1968 $10,227,087,165 $97,265,034,480 $16,074,028 $193,684,705
1969 $11,136,187,440 $101,646,446,366 $16,452,028 $193,684,705
1970 $12,814,123,115 $103,621,742,272 $18,432,032 $210,868,160
1971 $14,583,114,840 $109,500,837,087 $21,965,951 $244,294,508
1972 $17,358,610,850 $115,337,894,011 $30,645,123 $259,705,357
1973 $22,534,253,703 $120,566,084,506 $36,896,280 $283,219,564
1974 $27,145,693,810 $125,294,905,499 $43,134,496 $286,909,490
1975 $32,877,805,200 $131,499,638,270 $47,803,146 $296,025,766
1976 $35,942,270,686 $139,160,194,320 $49,278,982 $344,211,798
1977 $41,508,030,431 $144,950,253,122 $64,526,401 $322,904,307
1978 $46,522,900,254 $150,558,892,164 $85,552,366 $391,204,033
1979 $53,132,244,624 $157,142,089,506 $127,261,099 $452,992,130
1980 $64,439,382,896 $164,314,436,253 $156,783,830 $429,886,465
1981 $63,596,654,761 $166,940,746,108 $163,750,728 $413,220,699
1982 $62,647,195,538 $167,333,595,175 $157,211,790 $404,662,591
1983 $61,627,240,831 $173,981,771,260 $156,098,237 $402,168,917
1984 $62,057,955,033 $184,511,811,488 $160,992,921 $419,484,794
1985 $65,416,879,914 $194,758,499,575 $179,691,483 $462,665,475
1986 $78,693,118,044 $202,630,856,643 $221,147,061 $466,190,739
1987 $94,229,907,236 $206,184,106,690 $265,212,957 $488,915,451
1988 $101,900,260,856 $205,657,951,819 $301,985,618 $514,957,094
1989 $102,633,934,391 $207,793,200,369 $324,333,367 $567,923,802
1990 $119,791,843,060 $211,808,370,316 $392,163,561 $610,261,195
1991 $121,872,464,483 $218,341,469,492 $398,307,170 $627,107,005
1992 $130,838,040,068 $226,145,995,698 $461,409,399 $672,089,666
1993 $120,579,213,713 $232,580,262,419 $504,230,621 $721,174,866
1994 $127,131,319,429 $244,337,831,947 $517,570,058 $703,602,944
1995 $152,029,612,325 $254,491,639,971 $540,733,048 $707,015,677
1996 $163,520,109,151 $267,287,258,415 $535,250,347 $777,702,722
1997 $161,356,631,888 $281,412,338,540 $598,966,982 $872,533,006
1998 $154,230,295,158 $288,922,351,937 $647,287,376 $894,062,243
1999 $162,383,706,021 $294,908,959,351 $662,838,615 $910,799,133
2000 $171,457,201,936 $304,696,827,580 $654,212,394 $949,537,227
2001 $174,239,354,071 $310,995,308,439 $662,064,156 $927,971,690
2002 $195,914,852,576 $315,279,446,148 $742,134,838 $939,226,436
2003 $229,385,469,337 $318,258,551,155 $750,847,230 $883,932,969
2004 $265,268,662,473 $331,035,320,834 $893,012,218 $858,736,867
2005 $309,978,579,744 $339,924,026,052 $977,899,382 $936,072,663
2006 $346,915,160,682 $348,291,164,570 $1,081,441,283 $1,024,120,861
2007 $402,643,260,488 $358,440,508,444 $1,077,308,814 $1,115,022,509
2008 $464,917,553,191 $360,167,903,329 $979,597,394 $1,084,627,595
2009 $387,976,400,617 $353,179,332,378 $850,901,620 $1,057,735,599
2010 $431,052,143,940 $355,959,036,888 $981,616,542 $1,105,387,984
2011 $501,360,549,669 $359,894,719,458 $1,058,918,707 $1,210,507,987
2012 $512,777,309,841 $369,676,511,271 $1,089,407,839 $1,248,162,998
2013 $526,014,468,085 $373,433,130,118 $1,333,160,407 $1,263,811,654
2014 $501,736,471,833 $381,081,533,571 $1,387,577,870 $1,315,169,065
2015 $388,159,512,246 $388,159,512,246 $1,432,403,352 $1,432,403,352
2016 $370,956,547,619 $392,680,500,172 $1,568,513,348 $1,605,975,219
2017 $401,745,275,035 $402,355,151,331 $1,675,370,641 $1,717,657,340
2018 $439,788,625,884 $405,690,399,924 $1,784,313,927 $1,802,500,556
2019 $408,742,840,909 $410,249,333,419 $1,868,690,097 $1,901,895,701
2020 $367,633,418,887 $405,005,642,243 $1,382,551,752 $1,678,615,793
2021 $503,367,986,030 $420,836,044,192 $1,487,173,795 $1,687,886,479
2022 $596,297,651,036 $434,497,344,229 $2,018,346,589 $1,902,424,765
2023 $482,949,731,777 $434,810,705,801 $2,187,379,755 $1,945,405,358
2024 $483,727,398,216 $443,943,701,526 $2,167,239,562 $2,012,826,895

Economic indicators

Norway Seychelles
Gross domestic product
$484B
2024
$2.17B
2024
GDP rank
32/197
2024
176/197
2024
GDP growth
0.16%
2023-2024
-0.92%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$86,810
2024
$17,859
2024
GDP per capita rank
8/197
2024
63/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$101,032
2024
$33,239
2024
Government debt
$207B
2024
$1.25B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
42.7%
2025
59.3%
2025
Government debt per person
$37,084
2024
$10,323
2024
Government debt per person rank
17/185
2024
59/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$45,746
2025
$9,988
2025
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$296B
2019
$811M
2024
Number of millionaires
253,085
2024
n/a
Number of billionaires
17
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
21.6%
2023
23.9%
2018
Income share by poorest 10%
3.6%
2023
2.6%
2018
Government expenditure, % of GDP
47.9%
2025
36%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
3.15%
2023-2024
0.31%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
4.25%
2025
1.75%
2024
Unemployment rate
3.98%
2024
2.59%
2024
Population
5642662
125181

GDP per capita in Norway vs Seychelles

Norway's GDP per capita is $86,810, ranking 8/197, compared to $17,859 in the Seychelles, ranking 63/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Norway ranks 7th at $101,032, while the Seychelles ranks 67th at $33,239.

Norway
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Seychelles
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Year Current $
Norway Seychelles
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
1960 $1,451 - $288.1 -
1961 $1,571 - $270.3 -
1962 $1,678 - $287 -
1963 $1,787 - $308 -
1964 $1,951 - $332 -
1965 $2,179 - $328 -
1966 $2,333 - $338 -
1967 $2,531 - $333 -
1968 $2,680 - $314 -
1969 $2,894 - $314 -
1970 $3,306 - $344 -
1971 $3,736 - $402 -
1972 $4,414 - $547 -
1973 $5,690 - $649 -
1974 $6,812 - $745 -
1975 $8,204 - $806 -
1976 $8,927 - $814 -
1977 $10,266 - $1,044 -
1978 $11,463 - $1,377 -
1979 $13,047 - $2,030 -
1980 $15,772 - $2,478 -
1981 $15,513 - $2,557 -
1982 $15,225 - $2,441 -
1983 $14,928 - $2,426 -
1984 $14,989 - $2,488 -
1985 $15,754 - $2,754 -
1986 $18,883 - $3,368 -
1987 $22,506 - $3,872 -
1988 $24,207 - $4,392 -
1989 $24,281 - $4,689 -
1990 $28,243 $18,449 $5,642 $8,955
1991 $28,597 $19,567 $5,655 $9,387
1992 $30,524 $20,609 $6,520 $10,243
1993 $27,964 $21,569 $6,979 $11,020
1994 $29,316 $23,012 $6,975 $10,692
1995 $34,876 $24,344 $7,181 $10,809
1996 $37,322 $26,816 $7,004 $11,931
1997 $36,629 $28,603 $7,747 $13,458
1998 $34,803 $28,198 $8,210 $13,675
1999 $36,393 $30,574 $8,243 $13,853
2000 $38,178 $36,986 $8,064 $14,638
2001 $38,602 $37,833 $8,153 $14,615
2002 $43,171 $38,056 $8,864 $14,570
2003 $50,250 $38,685 $9,070 $14,142
2004 $57,769 $42,673 $10,828 $14,160
2005 $67,047 $47,967 $11,802 $15,846
2006 $74,434 $54,369 $12,783 $17,503
2007 $85,502 $56,181 $12,669 $19,473
2008 $97,504 $62,073 $11,265 $18,881
2009 $80,348 $55,619 $9,747 $18,453
2010 $88,163 $58,220 $10,935 $18,982
2011 $101,222 $62,460 $12,110 $21,781
2012 $102,176 $65,774 $12,337 $22,264
2013 $103,554 $67,378 $14,821 $22,487
2014 $97,667 $66,332 $15,188 $24,985
2015 $74,810 $60,754 $15,333 $25,435
2016 $70,867 $59,280 $16,567 $28,811
2017 $76,132 $64,590 $17,480 $30,675
2018 $82,793 $70,254 $18,440 $32,091
2019 $76,431 $70,940 $19,142 $34,219
2020 $68,340 $67,111 $14,041 $31,056
2021 $93,073 $88,984 $14,983 $29,980
2022 $109,270 $123,150 $16,837 $29,973
2023 $87,497 $100,437 $18,263 $31,781
2024 $86,810 $101,032 $17,859 $33,239

Spending and national debt comparison

In 2024, Norway's government spending was $230B, accounting for 47.9% of its GDP, while the Seychelles' spent $739M, or 36% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 42.7% in Norway and 59.3% in the Seychelles, ranking 128/185 and 85/185, respectively.

Norway
Government spending

Government debt
Seychelles
Government spending

Government debt
Year % of GDP
Norway Seychelles
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
1960 18% 29.8% - -
1961 20.4% 27.7% - -
1962 30.6% 26.7% - -
1963 31.9% 25.3% - -
1964 32% 24.2% - -
1965 32.9% 23% - -
1966 33.5% 22.4% - -
1967 34.9% 22.6% - -
1968 36.2% 22.5% - -
1969 38% 22.3% - -
1970 38.9% 38.6% - -
1971 40.7% 38.5% - -
1972 42.2% 38.9% - -
1973 42.3% 37.7% - -
1974 42.2% 35.4% - -
1975 43.5% 36.7% - -
1976 45.2% 38.5% - -
1977 46.5% 43.8% - -
1978 47.9% 49.9% - -
1979 47.2% 39.6% - -
1980 46.1% 36.8% - -
1981 46.1% 32.9% - -
1982 46.6% 29.7% - -
1983 46.4% 27.4% 47.9% 12.4%
1984 44.5% 27.8% 50.5% 15.3%
1985 44% 30.2% 53% 26.5%
1986 48.1% 37.8% 58% 31.5%
1987 50.5% 31.3% 49.7% 37%
1988 52.6% 30.5% 46.7% 41.3%
1989 52.2% 30.4% 51.7% 39.9%
1990 48.9% 28.9% 46.1% 80.4%
1991 50% 39.2% 52.1% 89.2%
1992 51.3% 45% 50.7% 79.9%
1993 50.2% 53.7% 60.4% 82.2%
1994 49.4% 50.6% 63.6% 123.5%
1995 49.3% 32.7% 53.1% 133.5%
1996 47% 28.4% 59.1% 146.7%
1997 45.5% 25.8% 54.7% 143%
1998 47.8% 23.6% 60.7% 161.2%
1999 46.4% 25% 56.1% 159.8%
2000 41.3% 28.7% 55.4% 177.8%
2001 43.2% 27.2% 46.8% 199.8%
2002 46.1% 33.9% 56.3% 195.9%
2003 47.6% 43.1% 44.6% 177%
2004 44.7% 43.8% 39.9% 163.2%
2005 41.8% 42.3% 39% 144.1%
2006 40.5% 52.6% 43.6% 135.1%
2007 41% 49.5% 41.9% 144%
2008 39.8% 47.5% 27% 192.1%
2009 45.6% 42.5% 32.1% 106.1%
2010 44.5% 43% 34.6% 82.2%
2011 43.3% 29.6% 36.4% 82.5%
2012 42.4% 30.9% 38.6% 80.1%
2013 43.5% 31.4% 37.8% 68.2%
2014 45.2% 29.7% 33.4% 70.4%
2015 48.2% 34.3% 31.5% 64.7%
2016 50.4% 37.9% 34.5% 62.8%
2017 49.2% 38.3% 34.3% 56.7%
2018 47.7% 39.4% 33% 51.3%
2019 50.2% 40.6% 31.7% 48.9%
2020 56.7% 46.1% 46.7% 77.4%
2021 46.3% 41.6% 38.8% 71.2%
2022 37.5% 36.1% 31.3% 60%
2023 45.9% 44.2% 32.9% 55.3%
2024 47.5% 42.7% 34.1% 57.8%
2025 47.9% 42.7% 36% 59.3%

Government deficit by year

In 2024, Norway's government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $61.8B, equivalent to 12.8% of GDP. This compares to the Seychelles' deficit of -$31.8M, or -1.47% of GDP.

Over the past 42 years, Norway recorded a fiscal deficit in 4 of those years, while the Seychelles ran a deficit in 23 years. On average, Norway posted an annual surplus equal to +8.18% of GDP, compared to deficit of -2.06% of GDP for the Seychelles.

Deficit/surplus
Norway

Seychelles
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Norway Seychelles
1881 -1.13% -
1882 -0.62% -
1883 -0.17% -
1884 -0.08% -
1885 -0.005% -
1886 -0.2% -
1887 -0.17% -
1888 -0.23% -
1889 -0.07% -
1890 -0.2% -
1891 -0.44% -
1892 -0.94% -
1893 -1.25% -
1894 -1.13% -
1895 -1.66% -
1896 -1.57% -
1897 -0.63% -
1898 -1.39% -
1899 -1.35% -
1900 -1.99% -
1901 -1.41% -
1902 -1.52% -
1903 -1.12% -
1904 -0.75% -
1905 -0.52% -
1906 -0.59% -
1907 0.16% -
1908 -0.06% -
1909 -0.52% -
1910 0.3% -
1911 -0.05% -
1912 -0.89% -
1913 -0.9% -
1914 -1.09% -
1915 -2.04% -
1916 -0.36% -
1917 0.2% -
1918 -1.17% -
1919 -2.11% -
1920 -1.15% -
1921 -5.47% -
1922 -4.28% -
1923 -3.58% -
1924 -2.96% -
1925 -1.92% -
1926 -1.59% -
1927 -0.76% -
1928 -0.81% -
1929 -0.83% -
1930 -0.46% -
1931 -1.15% -
1932 -1.14% -
1933 -1.29% -
1934 -0.59% -
1935 -1.1% -
1936 -0.7% -
1937 -0.16% -
1938 0.03% -
1939 -0.54% -
1940 -0.54% -
1941 -0.54% -
1942 -0.54% -
1943 -0.54% -
1944 -0.54% -
1945 -0.54% -
1946 -3.82% -
1947 -4.66% -
1948 -0.35% -
1949 -0.72% -
1950 -0.89% -
1951 1.59% -
1952 2.15% -
1953 1.3% -
1954 -0.54% -
1955 0.82% -
1956 1.22% -
1957 1.55% -
1958 1.7% -
1959 1.89% -
1960 1.42% -
1961 -0.7% -
1962 4% -
1963 2.6% -
1964 3.08% -
1965 2.78% -
1966 3.59% -
1967 4.19% -
1968 3.38% -
1969 3.57% -
1970 2.83% -
1971 3.71% -
1972 3.93% -
1973 4.99% -
1974 4.06% -
1975 2.88% -
1976 2.2% -
1977 1.01% -
1978 0.94% -
1979 2.16% -
1980 5.38% -
1981 4.82% -
1982 3.96% -
1983 6.03% -3.13%
1984 6.97% -6.09%
1985 9.84% -4.86%
1986 5.87% -10.1%
1987 4.56% 2.77%
1988 2.65% 11.8%
1989 1.81% 8.26%
1990 1.95% 11.9%
1991 -0.12% 3.15%
1992 -2.07% 6.44%
1993 -1.64% -3.62%
1994 0.04% -6.95%
1995 2.96% -2.58%
1996 6.01% -9.69%
1997 7.35% -5.91%
1998 3.07% -16.7%
1999 5.71% -10.3%
2000 15% -14.7%
2001 13.2% -8.93%
2002 9.03% -16.3%
2003 7.2% 3.4%
2004 10.8% 0.44%
2005 14.7% 0.42%
2006 17.9% -2.54%
2007 17% -9.93%
2008 18.5% 7.88%
2009 10.2% 4.84%
2010 10.9% 0.52%
2011 13.3% 3.36%
2012 13.7% 2.93%
2013 10.6% 0.33%
2014 8.57% 2.87%
2015 5.99% 1.39%
2016 4.04% 0.02%
2017 4.96% -1.67%
2018 7.81% -0.8%
2019 6.52% 0.42%
2020 -2.56% -15.7%
2021 10.3% -5.76%
2022 25.5% -0.76%
2023 16.6% -1.14%
2024 12.8% -1.47%
2025 13.2% -1.19%

Inflation comparison by year

Over the past 29 years, Norway has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.4%, compared with 4.82% in the Seychelles. In 2024, inflation was 3.15% in Norway and 0.31% in the Seychelles.

Inflation
Norway

Seychelles
Year Inflation
Norway Seychelles Norway Seychelles
1996 1.26% -1.1%
1997 2.57% 0.62%
1998 2.25% 2.58%
1999 2.37% 6.35%
2000 3.09% 6.27%
2001 3% 5.97%
2002 1.29% 0.18%
2003 2.49% 3.3%
2004 0.45% 3.86%
2005 1.53% 0.91%
2006 2.33% -0.35%
2007 0.71% 5.32%
2008 3.75% 37%
2009 2.2% 31.8%
2010 2.42% -2.4%
2011 1.28% 2.56%
2012 0.7% 7.11%
2013 2.12% 4.34%
2014 2.04% 1.39%
2015 2.17% 4.04%
2016 3.55% -1.02%
2017 1.88% 2.86%
2018 2.76% 3.7%
2019 2.17% 1.81%
2020 1.29% 1.2%
2021 3.48% 9.77%
2022 5.76% 2.63%
2023 5.52% -1.04%
2024 3.15% 0.31%

Top exports between countries

Norway
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $27.9M
Textiles & consumer goods $440K
Chemicals & pharma $362K
Animal & marine products $44K
Miscellaneous $28K
Raw materials & minerals $23K
Metals $12K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $2K
Seychelles
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $3K

Balance of trade

Norway Seychelles
Current account balance
$79.8B
2024
-$155M
2023
Current account balance ranking
8/189
2024
90/189
2023
Current account balance, % of GDP
+16.5%
2024
-7.09%
2023
Goods imports
$98.7B
2024
$1.43B
2023
Goods exports
$171B
2024
$542M
2023
Service imports
$64.6B
2024
$1.01B
2023
Service exports
$56.8B
2024
$1.83B
2023
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
33.7%
2024
103.2%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
47.6%
2024
85.2%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Norway Seychelles
Economic freedom 78.3 66.4
Economic freedom ranking 10/197 58/197
Property rights 97.7 74
Government integrity 94.8 75
Judicial effectiveness 98.5 63.7
Tax burden 62.4 79.7
Government spending 44 64.6
Fiscal health 96.1 83.2
Business freedom 86.7 78.8
Labor freedom 69.3 56.5
Monetary freedom 70.3 75.6
Trade freedom 85 85.2
Investment freedom 75 30
Financial freedom 60 30

Economic freedom by year comparison

The Economic Freedom Index for Norway is 78.3, ranking 10/197, compared to 66.4 for the Seychelles, ranking 58/197. The chart below displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Norway
Seychelles
Year Economic freedom index
Norway Seychelles
1996 65.4 -
1997 65.1 -
1998 68 -
1999 68.6 -
2000 70.1 -
2001 67.1 -
2002 67.4 -
2003 67.2 -
2004 66.2 -
2005 64.5 -
2006 67.9 -
2007 67.9 -
2008 68.6 -
2009 70.2 47.8
2010 69.4 47.9
2011 70.3 51.2
2012 68.8 53
2013 70.5 54.9
2014 70.9 56.2
2015 71.8 57.5
2016 70.8 62.2
2017 74 61.8
2018 74.3 61.6
2019 73 61.4
2020 73.4 64.3
2021 73.4 66.3
2022 76.9 61.1
2023 76.9 59.5
2024 77.5 60.4
2025 78.3 66.4

More economic indicators

Norway Seychelles
Services, % of GDP
51.8%
2024
65.8%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
37%
2024
12.3%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
2.04%
2024
2.45%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$548B
2024
$2.12B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$105,770
2024
$32,180
2024
Total reserves including gold
$81.2B
2024
$774M
2024
Total reserves ranking
32/177
2024
146/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$9.78B
2024
-$279M
2023
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$12.6B
2024
$299M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$2.86B
2024
$46.1M
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
12.2%
2021
25.3%
2018
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
24%
2024
17.2%
2024

GDP per capita map

GDP per capita

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Economy comparisons

Economy vs Norway vs Seychelles
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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.