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Economy of Norway vs Venezuela compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Norway has a GDP of $484B compared to $120B for Venezuela, ranking 32/197 and 65/197 by economy size, respectively.

Norway has $207B in government debt (42.7% of GDP), compared to $197B (164.3% of GDP) in Venezuela.

Norway vs Venezuela GDP by year

Norway
Venezuela
1x
Year GDP, current $
Norway Venezuela
2024 $483,592,648,313 $119,802,963,258
2023 $482,949,731,777 $102,376,526,556
2022 $596,297,651,036 $89,013,255,585
2021 $503,367,986,030 $56,614,976,855
2020 $367,633,418,887 $42,838,020,721
2019 $408,742,840,909 $73,014,084,091
2018 $439,788,625,884 $102,021,093,965
2017 $401,745,275,035 $115,883,275,163
2016 $370,956,547,619 $112,915,034,262
2015 $388,159,512,246 $125,449,241,571
2014 $501,736,471,833 $214,689,614,733
2013 $526,014,468,085 $258,930,655,486
2012 $512,777,309,841 $372,592,062,768
2011 $501,360,549,669 $316,482,190,800
2010 $431,052,143,940 $393,192,354,511
2009 $387,976,400,617 $329,787,628,928
2008 $464,917,553,191 $315,953,388,511
2007 $402,643,260,488 $230,364,012,576
2006 $346,915,160,682 $183,477,522,124
2005 $309,978,579,744 $145,513,489,652
2004 $265,268,662,473 $112,451,400,425
2003 $229,385,469,337 $83,620,628,582
2002 $195,914,852,576 $92,893,587,734
2001 $174,239,354,071 $122,911,036,747
2000 $171,457,201,936 $117,146,466,003
1999 $162,383,706,021 $97,972,842,462
1998 $154,230,295,158 $91,336,763,255
1997 $161,356,631,888 $85,837,678,560
1996 $163,520,109,151 $70,543,211,119
1995 $152,029,612,325 $77,389,487,770
1994 $127,131,319,429 $58,418,666,667
1993 $120,579,213,713 $60,037,460,783
1992 $130,838,040,068 $60,416,519,620
1991 $121,872,464,483 $53,453,444,787
1990 $119,791,843,060 $48,606,952,195
1989 $102,633,934,391 $43,536,709,104
1988 $101,900,260,856 $60,226,413,793
1987 $94,229,907,236 $48,029,034,483
1986 $78,693,118,044 $60,516,123,711
1985 $65,416,879,914 $61,965,466,667
1984 $62,057,955,033 $59,867,743,468
1983 $61,627,240,831 $67,556,279,070
1982 $62,647,195,538 $67,736,744,186
1981 $63,596,654,761 $66,327,441,860
1980 $64,439,382,896 $59,116,511,628
1979 $53,132,244,624 $48,310,930,233
1978 $46,522,900,254 $39,316,279,070
1977 $41,508,030,431 $36,210,697,674
1976 $35,942,270,686 $31,419,534,884
1975 $32,877,805,200 $27,464,651,163
1974 $27,145,693,810 $26,100,930,233
1973 $22,534,253,703 $17,035,581,395
1972 $17,358,610,850 $13,977,727,273
1971 $14,583,114,840 $12,986,590,909
1970 $12,814,123,115 $11,561,111,111
1969 $11,136,187,440 $10,285,111,111
1968 $10,227,087,165 $10,034,444,444
1967 $9,577,383,653 $9,250,000,000
1966 $8,753,940,267 $8,781,333,333
1965 $8,111,945,661 $8,427,777,778
1964 $7,206,522,122 $8,192,413,793
1963 $6,553,269,536 $9,608,717,288
1962 $6,107,076,929 $8,814,309,884
1961 $5,669,689,210 $8,067,267,031
1960 $5,197,398,721 $7,663,938,303

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/norway/venezuela | CC BY

GDP per capita in Norway vs Venezuela by year

Norway
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Venezuela
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Norway Venezuela
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $86,785 $102,038 $4,218 -
2023 $87,497 $103,638 $3,617 -
2022 $109,270 $125,490 $3,155 -
2021 $93,073 $88,984 $2,005 -
2020 $68,340 $67,111 $1,506 -
2019 $76,431 $70,940 $2,523 -
2018 $82,793 $70,254 $3,423 -
2017 $76,132 $64,590 $3,791 -
2016 $70,867 $59,280 $3,670 -
2015 $74,810 $60,738 $4,103 -
2014 $97,667 $66,332 $7,096 -
2013 $103,554 $67,378 $8,656 -
2012 $102,176 $65,774 $12,607 -
2011 $101,222 $62,460 $10,844 $21,241
2010 $88,163 $58,213 $13,646 $20,236
2009 $80,348 $55,648 $11,597 $20,562
2008 $97,504 $62,073 $11,262 $21,402
2007 $85,502 $56,179 $8,332 $20,236
2006 $74,434 $54,358 $6,739 $18,399
2005 $67,047 $47,967 $5,432 $16,511
2004 $57,769 $42,667 $4,269 $14,757
2003 $50,250 $38,680 $3,230 $12,359
2002 $43,171 $38,056 $3,652 $13,375
2001 $38,602 $37,829 $4,920 $14,714
2000 $38,178 $36,994 $4,776 $14,174
1999 $36,393 $30,574 $4,071 $13,623
1998 $34,803 $28,200 $3,870 $14,568
1997 $36,629 $28,610 $3,711 $14,655
1996 $37,322 $26,826 $3,113 $13,824
1995 $34,876 $24,360 $3,487 $13,890
1994 $29,316 $23,027 $2,689 $13,370
1993 $27,964 $21,584 $2,825 $13,702
1992 $30,524 $20,623 $2,907 $13,652
1991 $28,597 $19,580 $2,633 $12,880
1990 $28,243 $18,461 $2,452 $11,628
1989 $24,281 - $2,250 -
1988 $24,207 - $3,191 -
1987 $22,506 - $2,611 -
1986 $18,883 - $3,376 -
1985 $15,754 - $3,549 -
1984 $14,989 - $3,520 -
1983 $14,928 - $4,079 -
1982 $15,225 - $4,202 -
1981 $15,513 - $4,228 -
1980 $15,772 - $3,874 -
1979 $13,047 - $3,257 -
1978 $11,463 - $2,727 -
1977 $10,266 - $2,585 -
1976 $8,927 - $2,309 -
1975 $8,204 - $2,078 -
1974 $6,812 - $2,034 -
1973 $5,690 - $1,367 -
1972 $4,414 - $1,155 -
1971 $3,736 - $1,106 -
1970 $3,306 - $1,015 -
1969 $2,894 - $932 -
1968 $2,680 - $938 -
1967 $2,531 - $893 -
1966 $2,333 - $876 -
1965 $2,179 - $869 -
1964 $1,951 - $874 -
1963 $1,787 - $1,060 -
1962 $1,678 - $1,007 -
1961 $1,571 - $954 -
1960 $1,451 - $939 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/norway/venezuela | CC BY

Norway's GDP per capita is $86,785, ranking 8/197, compared to $4,218 in Venezuela, ranking 128/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Norway ranks 7th at $102,038, while Venezuela ranks 93rd at $21,241.

Economic indicators

Norway Venezuela
Gross domestic product
$484B
2024
$120B
2024
GDP rank
32/197
2024
65/197
2024
GDP growth
2.1%
2023-2024
5.3%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$86,785
2024
$4,218
2024
GDP per capita rank
8/197
2024
128/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$102,038
2024
$21,241
2011
GDP per capita PPP rank
7/197
2024
93/197
2011
Government debt
$207B
2024
$197B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
42.7%
2024
164.3%
2024
Government debt per person
$37,074
2024
$6,931
2024
Government debt per person rank
17/185
2024
69/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$49,765
2026
$3,792
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$296B
2019
$3.98B
2002
Number of millionaires
348,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
17
2025
1
2025
Income share by richest 10%
21.6%
2023
33.2%
2006
Income share by poorest 10%
3.6%
2023
1.2%
2006
Government expenditure, % of GDP
48.5%
2024
17.6%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
3.15%
2023-2024
49%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
4%
2025
58.4%
2025
Unemployment rate
3.98%
2024
7.53%
2020
Population
5671119
28661242

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Norway
Spending

Debt
Venezuela
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Norway Venezuela
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 48.5% 42.7% 17.6% 164.3%
2023 45.9% 44.1% 13.1% 138.5%
2022 37.5% 36.1% 15.1% 164.4%
2021 46.3% 41.6% 13.1% 254.2%
2020 56.7% 46% 11.2% 337%
2019 50.2% 40.5% 21% 206%
2018 47.7% 39.3% 37.9% 175.3%
2017 49.2% 38.2% 21.8% 133.6%
2016 50.4% 37.9% 19.7% 138.4%
2015 48.2% 34.3% 22.9% 129.8%
2014 45.2% 29.6% 31.6% 84.9%
2013 43.5% 31.4% 36.5% 85.4%
2012 42.4% 30.9% 38% 58.4%
2011 43.3% 29.6% 39.4% 52.5%
2010 44.5% 43% 31.1% 37.7%
2009 45.6% 42.5% 33.3% 27.6%
2008 39.8% 47.5% 34.9% 20.3%
2007 41% 49.5% 35.9% 26.4%
2006 40.5% 52.6% 39.3% 25.7%
2005 41.8% 42.3% 33.5% 34.9%
2004 44.7% 43.8% 31.9% 41.8%
2003 47.6% 43.1% 32.2% 56%
2002 46.1% 33.9% 31% 48.2%
2001 43.2% 27.2% 31.9% 30.7%
2000 41.3% 28.7% 28.3% 27.7%
1999 46.4% 25% 26.1% 29.6%
1998 47.8% 23.6% 28.8% 30.7%
1997 45.5% 25.8% 31% 34.8%
1996 47% 28.4% 27.7% 45.9%
1995 49.3% 32.7% 32.9% 45.9%
1994 49.4% 50.6% 42.2% 63.9%
1993 50.2% 53.7% 27.7% 57.7%
1992 51.3% 45% 30.6% 54.8%
1991 50% 39.2% 33.9% 62.2%
1990 48.9% 28.9% 31.9% 63.3%
1989 52.2% 30.4% 32.5% 61.8%
1988 52.6% 30.5% 33.2% 46.3%
1987 50.5% 31.3% 25.1% 58.3%
1986 48.1% 37.8% 21.5% 45.9%
1985 44% 30.2% 20.3% 34.1%
1984 44.5% 27.8% 19.7% 36.4%
1983 46.4% 27.4% 25.3% 21.4%
1982 46.6% 29.7% 29% 18.6%
1981 46.1% 32.9% 29.6% 18.9%
1980 46.1% 36.8% 22% 16.6%
1979 47.2% 39.6% 22.3% 19.2%
1978 47.9% 49.9% 29.2% 16.6%
1977 46.5% 43.8% 30.6% 12.7%
1976 45.2% 38.5% 26.6% 9.64%
1975 43.5% 36.7% 33.8% 8.31%
1974 42.2% 35.4% 35.3% 7.72%
1973 42.3% 37.7% 20% 9.78%
1972 42.2% 38.9% 21.3% 10.6%
1971 40.7% 38.5% 19.6% 9.64%
1970 38.9% 38.6% 19.5% 10.6%
1969 38% 22.3% 21% 9.91%
1968 36.2% 22.5% 19.8% 7.84%
1967 34.9% 22.6% 19.8% 6.74%
1966 33.5% 22.4% 19.1% 5.84%
1965 32.9% 23% 18.7% 5.46%
1964 32% 24.2% 17.9% 4.95%
1963 31.9% 25.3% 18.7% 6.3%
1962 30.6% 26.7% 17.6% 7.24%
1961 20.4% 27.7% 11.8% 8.79%
1960 18% 29.8% 23.7% 8.28%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1997, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/norway/venezuela | CC BY

In 2024, Norway's government spending was $234B, accounting for 48.5% of its GDP, while Venezuela spent $21.1B, or 17.6% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 42.7% in Norway and 164.3% in Venezuela, ranking 127/185 and 5/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Norway

Venezuela
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Norway Venezuela
2024 13.2% -3.6%
2023 16.6% -1.25%
2022 25.5% -5.29%
2021 10.3% -5.85%
2020 -2.56% -6.63%
2019 6.52% -10.9%
2018 7.81% -31%
2017 4.96% -13.3%
2016 4.04% -8.46%
2015 5.99% -8.06%
2014 8.57% -9.81%
2013 10.6% -10.4%
2012 13.7% -9.86%
2011 13.3% -8.24%
2010 10.9% -4.74%
2009 10.2% -8.69%
2008 18.5% -3.46%
2007 17% -2.82%
2006 17.9% -1.6%
2005 14.7% 4.09%
2004 10.8% 2.47%
2003 7.2% 0.17%
2002 9.03% -1.48%
2001 13.2% -4.59%
2000 15% 4.45%
1999 5.71% 0.74%
1998 3.07% -4.49%
1997 7.35% 2.58%
1996 6.01% 7.94%
1995 2.96% -5.86%
1994 0.04% -11.2%
1993 -1.64% -2.92%
1992 -2.07% -6.37%
1991 -0.12% -2.28%
1990 1.95% 3.84%
1989 1.81% -0.91%
1988 2.65% -9.24%
1987 4.56% -7.47%
1986 5.87% 0.82%
1985 9.84% 6.97%
1984 6.97% 5.33%
1983 6.03% 1.24%
1982 3.96% -0.17%
1981 4.82% 4.74%
1980 5.38% 4.41%
1979 2.16% -3.07%
1978 0.94% -5.44%
1977 1.01% -4.69%
1976 2.2% 1.65%
1975 2.88% 0.88%
1974 4.06% 2.76%
1973 4.99% 1.98%
1972 3.93% 0.42%
1971 3.71% 0.78%
1970 2.83% -1.22%
1969 3.57% -2.17%
1968 3.38% -0.32%
1967 4.19% 0.51%
1966 3.59% 0.23%
1965 2.78% 0.39%
1964 3.08% 1.91%
1963 2.6% 1.92%
1962 4% 2.14%
1961 -0.7% -1.91%
1960 1.42% -4.08%
1959 1.89% -4.98%
1958 1.7% -4.86%
1957 1.55% 6.7%
1956 1.22% 0.76%
1955 0.82% 0.38%
1954 -0.54% 1.84%
1953 1.3% 0.03%
1952 2.15% -0.5%
1951 1.59% -0.24%
1950 -0.89% -0.23%
1949 -0.72% 0.15%
1948 -0.35% 1.27%
1947 -4.66% 0.09%
1946 -3.82% -0.9%
1945 - 2.9%
1944 - 1.85%
1943 - -0.27%
1942 - 0.2%
1941 - 0.01%
1940 - -1.07%
1939 -0.54% -0.78%
1938 0.03% 0.68%
1937 -0.16% 0.73%
1936 -0.7% -0.52%
1935 -1.1% -2.23%
1934 -0.59% 1.34%
1933 -1.29% 1.03%
1932 -1.14% 0.51%
1931 -1.15% 1.02%
1930 -0.46% -2.03%
1929 -0.83% -0.34%
1928 -0.81% -0.68%
1927 -0.76% 1.55%
1926 -1.59% 0.14%
1925 -1.92% 0.54%
1924 -2.96% 0.37%
1923 -3.58% 1.32%
1922 -4.28% 1.57%
1921 -5.47% -0.97%
1920 -1.15% -1.75%
1919 -2.11% -
1918 -1.17% -
1917 0.2% -
1916 -0.36% -
1915 -2.04% -
1914 -1.09% -
1913 -0.9% -
1912 -0.89% -
1911 -0.05% -
1910 0.3% -
1909 -0.52% -
1908 -0.06% -
1907 0.16% -
1906 -0.59% -
1905 -0.52% -
1904 -0.75% -
1903 -1.12% -
1902 -1.52% -
1901 -1.41% -
1900 -1.99% -
1899 -1.35% -
1898 -1.39% -
1897 -0.63% -
1896 -1.57% -
1895 -1.66% -
1894 -1.13% -
1893 -1.25% -
1892 -0.94% -
1891 -0.44% -
1890 -0.2% -
1889 -0.07% -
1888 -0.23% -
1887 -0.17% -
1886 -0.2% -
1885 -0.005% -
1884 -0.08% -
1883 -0.17% -
1882 -0.62% -
1881 -1.13% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1881–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/norway/venezuela | CC BY

In 2024, Norway's government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $64.1B, equivalent to 13.2% of GDP. This compares to Venezuela's deficit of $4.31B, or 3.6% of GDP.

Over the past 65 years, Norway recorded a fiscal deficit in 5 of those years, while Venezuela ran a deficit in 39 years. On average, Norway posted an annual surplus equal to 6.38% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.59% of GDP for Venezuela.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Norway

Venezuela
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Norway Venezuela
2024 3.15% 49%
2023 5.52% 338%
2022 5.76% 186.5%
2021 3.48% 1,589%
2020 1.29% 2,355%
2019 2.17% 19,906%
2018 2.76% 65,374%
2017 1.88% 438%
2016 3.55% 254.9%
2015 2.17% 121.7%
2014 2.04% 62.2%
2013 2.12% 40.6%
2012 0.7% 21.1%
2011 1.28% 26.1%
2010 2.42% 28.2%
2009 2.2% 26%
2008 3.75% 31.4%
2007 0.71% 18.7%
2006 2.33% 13.7%
2005 1.53% 16%
2004 0.45% 21.7%
2003 2.49% 31.1%
2002 1.29% 22.4%
2001 3% 12.5%
2000 3.09% 16.2%
1999 2.37% 23.6%
1998 2.25% 35.8%
1997 2.57% 50%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/norway/venezuela | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Norway has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.44%, compared with 3,254% in Venezuela. In 2024, inflation was 3.15% in Norway and 49% in Venezuela.

Top exports between countries

Norway
Export category Export value
Animal & marine products $591K
Raw materials & minerals $365K
Chemicals & pharma $171K
Miscellaneous $125K
Wood & paper products $41K
Machinery & equipment $26K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $26K
Textiles & consumer goods $2K
Metals $1K
Venezuela
Export category Export value
Metals $113K
Machinery & equipment $45K

Balance of trade

Norway Venezuela
Current account balance
$71.6B
2024
-$3.87B
2016
Current account balance ranking
11/190
2024
161/190
2016
Current account balance, % of GDP
+14.8%
2024
-3.43%
2016
Goods imports
$97.5B
2024
$16.3B
2016
Goods exports
$162B
2024
$27.4B
2016
Service imports
$63.6B
2024
$9.47B
2016
Service exports
$55.6B
2024
$1.28B
2016
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
33.9%
2024
9.22%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
47.5%
2024
16.9%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Norway Venezuela
Economic freedom 78.8 27.3
Economic freedom ranking 9/197 194/197
Property rights 99.6 0
Government integrity 94.3 6.9
Judicial effectiveness 96.4 5.1
Tax burden 63.3 73.4
Government spending 42 93
Fiscal health 96.4 29.1
Business freedom 91.2 31.1
Labor freedom 69.3 35.5
Monetary freedom 72.4 0
Trade freedom 85.6 43.2
Investment freedom 75 0
Financial freedom 60 10

Economic freedom comparison by year

Norway
Venezuela
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Norway Venezuela
2026 78.8 27.3
2025 78.3 27.6
2024 77.5 28.1
2023 76.9 25.8
2022 76.9 24.8
2021 73.4 24.7
2020 73.4 25.2
2019 73 25.9
2018 74.3 25.2
2017 74 27
2016 70.8 33.7
2015 71.8 34.3
2014 70.9 36.3
2013 70.5 36.1
2012 68.8 38.1
2011 70.3 37.6
2010 69.4 37.1
2009 70.2 39.9
2008 68.6 44.7
2007 67.9 47.9
2006 67.9 44.6
2005 64.5 45.2
2004 66.2 46.7
2003 67.2 54.8
2002 67.4 54.7
2001 67.1 54.6
2000 70.1 57.4
1999 68.6 56.1
1998 68 54
1997 65.1 52.8
1996 65.4 54.5
1995 - 59.8

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/norway/venezuela | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Norway is 78.8, ranking 9/197, compared to 27.3 for Venezuela, ranking 194/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Norway Venezuela
Services, % of GDP
51.8%
2024
51.7%
2014
Industry, % of GDP
37%
2024
37.2%
2014
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
2.08%
2024
5.03%
2014
GNI, Atlas method
$547B
2024
$109B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$106,830
2024
$20,800
2011
Total reserves including gold
$81.2B
2024
$9.79B
2017
Total reserves ranking
32/177
2024
77/177
2017
Net foreign direct investment
-$7.83B
2024
-$27M
2016
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$12B
2024
$1.63B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$4.95B
2024
$2.6B
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
12.2%
2021
33.1%
2015
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
24.1%
2024
4.9%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1881–1997, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2013–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.