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Economy of Congo vs Norway compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

The Congo has a GDP of $15.7B compared to $484B for Norway, ranking 141/197 and 32/197 by economy size, respectively.

The Congo has $15.4B in government debt (98% of GDP), compared to $207B (42.7% of GDP) in Norway.

Congo vs Norway GDP by year

Congo
Norway
1x
Year GDP, current $
Congo Norway
2024 $15,719,986,077 $483,592,648,313
2023 $15,321,055,823 $482,949,731,777
2022 $15,817,030,155 $596,297,651,036
2021 $14,825,690,211 $503,367,986,030
2020 $11,468,687,464 $367,633,418,887
2019 $13,976,637,780 $408,742,840,909
2018 $14,773,900,289 $439,788,625,884
2017 $11,834,473,039 $401,745,275,035
2016 $10,931,328,151 $370,956,547,619
2015 $12,434,793,867 $388,159,512,246
2014 $17,919,321,078 $501,736,471,833
2013 $17,958,720,699 $526,014,468,085
2012 $17,692,911,296 $512,777,309,841
2011 $15,655,383,577 $501,360,549,669
2010 $13,148,396,212 $431,052,143,940
2009 $9,723,299,915 $387,976,400,617
2008 $11,649,857,673 $464,917,553,191
2007 $8,782,703,437 $402,643,260,488
2006 $8,072,305,029 $346,915,160,682
2005 $6,650,001,680 $309,978,579,744
2004 $4,656,974,940 $265,268,662,473
2003 $3,503,723,088 $229,385,469,337
2002 $3,034,250,924 $195,914,852,576
2001 $2,796,704,604 $174,239,354,071
2000 $3,227,927,698 $171,457,201,936
1999 $2,354,772,960 $162,383,706,021
1998 $1,949,481,379 $154,230,295,158
1997 $2,322,719,103 $161,356,631,888
1996 $2,540,697,539 $163,520,109,151
1995 $2,116,003,868 $152,029,612,325
1994 $1,769,365,438 $127,131,319,429
1993 $2,684,323,623 $120,579,213,713
1992 $2,933,222,703 $130,838,040,068
1991 $2,724,853,506 $121,872,464,483
1990 $2,798,746,050 $119,791,843,060
1989 $2,389,593,026 $102,633,934,391
1988 $2,212,536,312 $101,900,260,856
1987 $2,297,753,652 $94,229,907,236
1986 $1,849,268,212 $78,693,118,044
1985 $2,160,872,540 $65,416,879,914
1984 $2,193,581,365 $62,057,955,033
1983 $2,097,274,290 $61,627,240,831
1982 $2,160,640,565 $62,647,195,538
1981 $1,993,512,323 $63,596,654,761
1980 $1,705,796,853 $64,439,382,896
1979 $1,198,749,667 $53,132,244,624
1978 $878,771,772 $46,522,900,254
1977 $765,224,029 $41,508,030,431
1976 $754,549,601 $35,942,270,686
1975 $767,102,680 $32,877,805,200
1974 $585,364,634 $27,145,693,810
1973 $541,973,363 $22,534,253,703
1972 $410,669,264 $17,358,610,850
1971 $322,128,019 $14,583,114,840
1970 $274,960,700 $12,814,123,115
1969 $265,040,036 $11,136,187,440
1968 $251,247,458 $10,227,087,165
1967 $237,397,428 $9,577,383,653
1966 $220,613,582 $8,753,940,267
1965 $198,318,064 $8,111,945,661
1964 $185,693,725 $7,206,522,122
1963 $172,233,431 $6,553,269,536
1962 $166,521,240 $6,107,076,929
1961 $151,675,739 $5,669,689,210
1960 $131,731,863 $5,197,398,721

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/congo/norway | CC BY

GDP per capita in Congo vs Norway by year

Congo
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Norway
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Congo Norway
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $2,482 $7,026 $86,785 $102,038
2023 $2,478 $6,850 $87,497 $103,638
2022 $2,621 $6,647 $109,270 $125,490
2021 $2,516 $6,263 $93,073 $88,984
2020 $1,994 $4,771 $68,340 $67,111
2019 $2,488 $5,720 $76,431 $70,940
2018 $2,694 $5,593 $82,793 $70,254
2017 $2,212 $4,445 $76,132 $64,590
2016 $2,093 $4,016 $70,867 $59,280
2015 $2,439 $4,715 $74,810 $60,738
2014 $3,601 $5,733 $97,667 $66,332
2013 $3,697 $5,834 $103,554 $67,378
2012 $3,732 $6,058 $102,176 $65,774
2011 $3,396 $5,175 $101,222 $62,460
2010 $2,947 $5,125 $88,163 $58,213
2009 $2,271 $4,801 $80,348 $55,648
2008 $2,832 $4,448 $97,504 $62,073
2007 $2,206 $4,243 $85,502 $56,179
2006 $2,104 $4,588 $74,434 $54,358
2005 $1,799 $4,279 $67,047 $47,967
2004 $1,306 $3,992 $57,769 $42,667
2003 $1,017 $3,887 $50,250 $38,680
2002 $906 $3,888 $43,171 $38,056
2001 $855 $3,748 $38,602 $37,829
2000 $1,024 $3,667 $38,178 $36,994
1999 $776 $3,464 $36,393 $30,574
1998 $660 $3,602 $34,803 $28,200
1997 $804 $3,510 $36,629 $28,610
1996 $899 $3,547 $37,322 $26,826
1995 $770 $3,434 $34,876 $24,360
1994 $662 $3,327 $29,316 $23,027
1993 $1,034 $3,550 $27,964 $21,584
1992 $1,164 $3,608 $30,524 $20,623
1991 $1,113 $3,536 $28,597 $19,580
1990 $1,176 $3,437 $28,243 $18,461
1989 $1,033 - $24,281 -
1988 $984 - $24,207 -
1987 $1,052 - $22,506 -
1986 $872 - $18,883 -
1985 $1,049 - $15,754 -
1984 $1,097 - $14,989 -
1983 $1,075 - $14,928 -
1982 $1,131 - $15,225 -
1981 $1,066 - $15,513 -
1980 $933 - $15,772 -
1979 $670 - $13,047 -
1978 $503 - $11,463 -
1977 $448 - $10,266 -
1976 $453 - $8,927 -
1975 $471 - $8,204 -
1974 $370 - $6,812 -
1973 $353 - $5,690 -
1972 $276.3 - $4,414 -
1971 $223.5 - $3,736 -
1970 $196.7 - $3,306 -
1969 $195.4 - $2,894 -
1968 $190.8 - $2,680 -
1967 $185.7 - $2,531 -
1966 $177.6 - $2,333 -
1965 $164.2 - $2,179 -
1964 $158.1 - $1,951 -
1963 $150.7 - $1,787 -
1962 $149.6 - $1,678 -
1961 $139.9 - $1,571 -
1960 $124.7 - $1,451 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/congo/norway | CC BY

The Congo's GDP per capita is $2,482, ranking 149/197, compared to $86,785 in Norway, ranking 8/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), the Congo ranks 148th at $7,026, while Norway ranks 7th at $102,038.

Economic indicators

Congo Norway
Gross domestic product
$15.7B
2024
$484B
2024
GDP rank
141/197
2024
32/197
2024
GDP growth
2.58%
2023-2024
2.1%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$2,482
2024
$86,785
2024
GDP per capita rank
149/197
2024
8/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$7,026
2024
$102,038
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
148/197
2024
7/197
2024
Government debt
$15.4B
2024
$207B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
98%
2024
42.7%
2024
Government debt per person
$2,433
2024
$37,074
2024
Government debt per person rank
112/185
2024
17/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$2,153
2026
$49,765
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$296B
2019
Number of millionaires n/a
348,000
2025
Number of billionaires n/a
17
2025
Income share by richest 10%
37.9%
2011
21.6%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
1.6%
2011
3.6%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
21.7%
2024
48.5%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
3.1%
2023-2024
3.15%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
4%
2025
Unemployment rate
10%
2012
3.98%
2024
Population
6681829
5671119

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Congo
Spending

Debt
Norway
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Congo Norway
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 21.7% 98% 48.5% 42.7%
2023 20.7% 102.9% 45.9% 44.1%
2022 22.8% 93.5% 37.5% 36.1%
2021 20.9% 97.8% 46.3% 41.6%
2020 21.1% 102.5% 56.7% 46%
2019 20.2% 77.6% 50.2% 40.5%
2018 17.8% 71.2% 47.7% 39.3%
2017 26.6% 88.5% 49.2% 38.2%
2016 38.8% 84.6% 50.4% 37.9%
2015 41.3% 74.2% 48.2% 34.3%
2014 48.6% 42.3% 45.2% 29.6%
2013 42.4% 33.9% 43.5% 31.4%
2012 30.7% 30.2% 42.4% 30.9%
2011 27.9% 34.4% 43.3% 29.6%
2010 23% 43.5% 44.5% 43%
2009 24.4% 83.8% 45.6% 42.5%
2008 24.2% 69.6% 39.8% 47.5%
2007 28.6% 93.8% 41% 49.5%
2006 26.6% 94.7% 40.5% 52.6%
2005 22.1% 99.8% 41.8% 42.3%
2004 24.4% 122.6% 44.7% 43.8%
2003 27% 185.3% 47.6% 43.1%
2002 32.1% 163.5% 46.1% 33.9%
2001 29.1% 180.1% 43.2% 27.2%
2000 22.6% 145% 41.3% 28.7%
1999 28.8% 0% 46.4% 25%
1998 25.1% 0% 47.8% 23.6%
1997 22.2% 0% 45.5% 25.8%
1996 15.7% 0% 47% 28.4%
1995 27.6% 0% 49.3% 32.7%
1994 30.7% 0% 49.4% 50.6%
1993 32.8% 0% 50.2% 53.7%
1992 32.8% 0% 51.3% 45%
1991 34.1% 0% 50% 39.2%
1990 30.4% 0% 48.9% 28.9%
1989 20.3% 151.7% 52.2% 30.4%
1988 - - 52.6% 30.5%
1987 - - 50.5% 31.3%
1986 - - 48.1% 37.8%
1985 - - 44% 30.2%
1984 - - 44.5% 27.8%
1983 - - 46.4% 27.4%
1982 - - 46.6% 29.7%
1981 - - 46.1% 32.9%
1980 - - 46.1% 36.8%
1979 - - 47.2% 39.6%
1978 - - 47.9% 49.9%
1977 - - 46.5% 43.8%
1976 - - 45.2% 38.5%
1975 - - 43.5% 36.7%
1974 - - 42.2% 35.4%
1973 - - 42.3% 37.7%
1972 - - 42.2% 38.9%
1971 - - 40.7% 38.5%
1970 - - 38.9% 38.6%
1969 - - 38% 22.3%
1968 - - 36.2% 22.5%
1967 - - 34.9% 22.6%
1966 - - 33.5% 22.4%
1965 - - 32.9% 23%
1964 - - 32% 24.2%
1963 - - 31.9% 25.3%
1962 - - 30.6% 26.7%
1961 - - 20.4% 27.7%
1960 - - 18% 29.8%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/congo/norway | CC BY

In 2024, the Congo's government spending was $3.4B, accounting for 21.7% of its GDP, while Norway spent $234B, or 48.5% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 98% in the Congo and 42.7% in Norway, ranking 25/185 and 127/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Congo

Norway
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Congo Norway
2024 3.62% 13.2%
2023 5.81% 16.6%
2022 8.94% 25.5%
2021 1.63% 10.3%
2020 -1.1% -2.56%
2019 4.3% 6.52%
2018 5.22% 7.81%
2017 -5.57% 4.96%
2016 -14.5% 4.04%
2015 -17.8% 5.99%
2014 -10.7% 8.57%
2013 -2.85% 10.6%
2012 7.24% 13.7%
2011 16.1% 13.3%
2010 15.5% 10.9%
2009 4.76% 10.2%
2008 23.9% 18.5%
2007 8.99% 17%
2006 16% 17.9%
2005 13.4% 14.7%
2004 3.33% 10.8%
2003 0.37% 7.2%
2002 -7.34% 9.03%
2001 -0.71% 13.2%
2000 1.05% 15%
1999 -4.75% 5.71%
1998 -5.16% 3.07%
1997 3.67% 7.35%
1996 9.2% 6.01%
1995 -6.38% 2.96%
1994 -10.6% 0.04%
1993 -11.3% -1.64%
1992 -12.7% -2.07%
1991 -11.2% -0.12%
1990 -4.1% 1.95%
1989 0.78% 1.81%
1988 - 2.65%
1987 - 4.56%
1986 - 5.87%
1985 - 9.84%
1984 - 6.97%
1983 - 6.03%
1982 - 3.96%
1981 - 4.82%
1980 - 5.38%
1979 - 2.16%
1978 - 0.94%
1977 - 1.01%
1976 - 2.2%
1975 - 2.88%
1974 - 4.06%
1973 - 4.99%
1972 - 3.93%
1971 - 3.71%
1970 - 2.83%
1969 - 3.57%
1968 - 3.38%
1967 - 4.19%
1966 - 3.59%
1965 - 2.78%
1964 - 3.08%
1963 - 2.6%
1962 - 4%
1961 - -0.7%
1960 - 1.42%
1959 - 1.89%
1958 - 1.7%
1957 - 1.55%
1956 - 1.22%
1955 - 0.82%
1954 - -0.54%
1953 - 1.3%
1952 - 2.15%
1951 - 1.59%
1950 - -0.89%
1949 - -0.72%
1948 - -0.35%
1947 - -4.66%
1946 - -3.82%
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 - -0.54%
1938 - 0.03%
1937 - -0.16%
1936 - -0.7%
1935 - -1.1%
1934 - -0.59%
1933 - -1.29%
1932 - -1.14%
1931 - -1.15%
1930 - -0.46%
1929 - -0.83%
1928 - -0.81%
1927 - -0.76%
1926 - -1.59%
1925 - -1.92%
1924 - -2.96%
1923 - -3.58%
1922 - -4.28%
1921 - -5.47%
1920 - -1.15%
1919 - -2.11%
1918 - -1.17%
1917 - 0.2%
1916 - -0.36%
1915 - -2.04%
1914 - -1.09%
1913 - -0.9%
1912 - -0.89%
1911 - -0.05%
1910 - 0.3%
1909 - -0.52%
1908 - -0.06%
1907 - 0.16%
1906 - -0.59%
1905 - -0.52%
1904 - -0.75%
1903 - -1.12%
1902 - -1.52%
1901 - -1.41%
1900 - -1.99%
1899 - -1.35%
1898 - -1.39%
1897 - -0.63%
1896 - -1.57%
1895 - -1.66%
1894 - -1.13%
1893 - -1.25%
1892 - -0.94%
1891 - -0.44%
1890 - -0.2%
1889 - -0.07%
1888 - -0.23%
1887 - -0.17%
1886 - -0.2%
1885 - -0.005%
1884 - -0.08%
1883 - -0.17%
1882 - -0.62%
1881 - -1.13%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1881–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/congo/norway | CC BY

In 2024, the Congo's government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $568M, equivalent to 3.62% of GDP. This compares to Norway's surplus of $64.1B, or 13.2% of GDP.

Over the past 36 years, the Congo recorded a fiscal deficit in 16 of those years, while Norway ran a deficit in 4 years. On average, the Congo posted an annual surplus equal to 0.75% of GDP, compared to surplus of 8.56% of GDP for Norway.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Congo

Norway
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Congo Norway
2024 3.1% 3.15%
2023 4.3% 5.52%
2022 3% 5.76%
2021 2% 3.48%
2020 1.4% 1.29%
2019 0.4% 2.17%
2018 1.2% 2.76%
2017 0.4% 1.88%
2016 3.2% 3.55%
2015 3.2% 2.17%
2014 0.9% 2.04%
2013 4.6% 2.12%
2012 5% 0.7%
2011 1.8% 1.28%
2010 0.4% 2.42%
2009 4.3% 2.2%
2008 6% 3.75%
2007 2.6% 0.71%
2006 4.7% 2.33%
2005 2.5% 1.53%
2004 3.7% 0.45%
2003 1.7% 2.49%
2002 3% 1.29%
2001 0.8% 3%
2000 0.5% 3.09%
1999 3% 2.37%
1998 2.2% 2.25%
1997 12.7% 2.57%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/congo/norway | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, the Congo has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.95%, compared with 2.44% in Norway. In 2024, inflation was 3.1% in the Congo and 3.15% in Norway.

Top exports between countries

Congo
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $69.9M
Raw materials & minerals $49.2M
Textiles & consumer goods $32K
Metals $20K
Chemicals & pharma $5K
Miscellaneous $3K
Wood & paper products $3K
Norway
Export category Export value
Animal & marine products $49M
Machinery & equipment $19.9M
Metals $7.18M
Chemicals & pharma $939K
Raw materials & minerals $377K
Textiles & consumer goods $217K
Miscellaneous $179K
Wood & paper products $31K
Precious metals & jewellery $4K
Weapons & explosives $1K

Balance of trade

Congo Norway
Current account balance
$1.72B
2021
$71.6B
2024
Current account balance ranking
48/190
2021
11/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+11.6%
2021
+14.8%
2024
Goods imports
$2.78B
2021
$97.5B
2024
Goods exports
$7.51B
2021
$162B
2024
Service imports
$1.71B
2021
$63.6B
2024
Service exports
$240M
2021
$55.6B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
40.4%
2024
33.9%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
52.8%
2024
47.5%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Congo Norway
Economic freedom 48.6 78.8
Economic freedom ranking 169/197 9/197
Property rights 28.7 99.6
Government integrity 13.9 94.3
Judicial effectiveness 15.4 96.4
Tax burden 73.7 63.3
Government spending 85.8 42
Fiscal health 80.8 96.4
Business freedom 35.8 91.2
Labor freedom 52.4 69.3
Monetary freedom 78.4 72.4
Trade freedom 52.8 85.6
Investment freedom 35 75
Financial freedom 30 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Congo
Norway
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Congo Norway
2026 48.6 78.8
2025 48.6 78.3
2024 47.8 77.5
2023 48.1 76.9
2022 48.5 76.9
2021 50.7 73.4
2020 41.8 73.4
2019 39.7 73
2018 38.9 74.3
2017 40 74
2016 42.8 70.8
2015 42.7 71.8
2014 43.7 70.9
2013 43.5 70.5
2012 43.8 68.8
2011 43.6 70.3
2010 43.2 69.4
2009 45.4 70.2
2008 45.3 68.6
2007 44.4 67.9
2006 43.8 67.9
2005 46.2 64.5
2004 45.9 66.2
2003 47.7 67.2
2002 45.3 67.4
2001 44.3 67.1
2000 40.6 70.1
1999 41.6 68.6
1998 33.8 68
1997 42.2 65.1
1996 40.3 65.4

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1996–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/congo/norway | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for the Congo is 48.6, ranking 169/197, compared to 78.8 for Norway, ranking 9/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Congo Norway
Services, % of GDP
45%
2024
51.8%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
40.1%
2024
37%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
9.44%
2024
2.08%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$14.4B
2024
$547B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$6,340
2024
$106,830
2024
Total reserves including gold
$715M
2023
$81.2B
2024
Total reserves ranking
148/177
2023
32/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$330M
2021
-$7.83B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$604M
2024
$12B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$25.4M
2024
$4.95B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
7.67%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
40.9%
2011
12.2%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
26.8%
2024
24.1%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/congo/norway | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1881–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1996–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2022–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.