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Economy of Colombia vs Norway compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Colombia has a GDP of $419B compared to $484B for Norway, ranking 39/197 and 32/197 by economy size, respectively.

Colombia has $256B in government debt (61.2% of GDP), compared to $207B (42.7% of GDP) in Norway.

Colombia vs Norway GDP by year

Colombia
Norway
1x
Year GDP, current $
Colombia Norway
2024 $418,818,154,879 $483,592,648,313
2023 $366,291,836,138 $482,949,731,777
2022 $345,632,492,851 $596,297,651,036
2021 $318,524,633,225 $503,367,986,030
2020 $270,348,342,541 $367,633,418,887
2019 $323,031,701,193 $408,742,840,909
2018 $334,198,218,098 $439,788,625,884
2017 $311,866,875,157 $401,745,275,035
2016 $282,720,100,286 $370,956,547,619
2015 $293,492,370,193 $388,159,512,246
2014 $381,240,864,422 $501,736,471,833
2013 $382,093,697,078 $526,014,468,085
2012 $370,691,143,018 $512,777,309,841
2011 $334,966,134,805 $501,360,549,669
2010 $286,498,534,095 $431,052,143,940
2009 $232,468,663,110 $387,976,400,617
2008 $242,504,150,473 $464,917,553,191
2007 $206,229,540,926 $402,643,260,488
2006 $161,792,958,905 $346,915,160,682
2005 $145,600,529,606 $309,978,579,744
2004 $117,092,416,666 $265,268,662,473
2003 $94,644,969,157 $229,385,469,337
2002 $97,945,812,803 $195,914,852,576
2001 $98,200,641,203 $174,239,354,071
2000 $99,875,074,951 $171,457,201,936
1999 $86,186,158,685 $162,383,706,021
1998 $98,443,739,941 $154,230,295,158
1997 $106,659,508,271 $161,356,631,888
1996 $97,160,109,278 $163,520,109,151
1995 $92,507,279,383 $152,029,612,325
1994 $81,703,500,846 $127,131,319,429
1993 $66,446,804,803 $120,579,213,713
1992 $58,418,985,443 $130,838,040,068
1991 $49,175,565,911 $121,872,464,483
1990 $47,844,090,710 $119,791,843,060
1989 $39,540,080,200 $102,633,934,391
1988 $39,212,550,050 $101,900,260,856
1987 $36,373,307,085 $94,229,907,236
1986 $34,942,489,684 $78,693,118,044
1985 $34,894,411,352 $65,416,879,914
1984 $38,253,120,738 $62,057,955,033
1983 $38,729,822,782 $61,627,240,831
1982 $38,968,039,722 $62,647,195,538
1981 $36,388,366,869 $63,596,654,761
1980 $33,400,735,644 $64,439,382,896
1979 $27,940,411,250 $53,132,244,624
1978 $23,263,511,958 $46,522,900,254
1977 $19,470,960,619 $41,508,030,431
1976 $15,341,403,660 $35,942,270,686
1975 $13,098,633,902 $32,877,805,200
1974 $12,370,029,584 $27,145,693,810
1973 $10,315,760,000 $22,534,253,703
1972 $8,671,358,733 $17,358,610,850
1971 $7,820,380,971 $14,583,114,840
1970 $7,198,360,460 $12,814,123,115
1969 $6,450,175,214 $11,136,187,440
1968 $5,960,212,869 $10,227,087,165
1967 $5,825,170,438 $9,577,383,653
1966 $5,428,518,519 $8,753,940,267
1965 $5,760,761,905 $8,111,945,661
1964 $5,973,366,667 $7,206,522,122
1963 $4,836,166,667 $6,553,269,536
1962 $4,955,543,963 $6,107,076,929
1961 $4,540,447,761 $5,669,689,210
1960 $4,031,152,977 $5,197,398,721

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/colombia/norway | CC BY

GDP per capita in Colombia vs Norway by year

Colombia
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Norway
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Colombia Norway
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $7,919 $22,349 $86,785 $102,038
2023 $7,001 $21,246 $87,497 $103,638
2022 $6,680 $20,854 $109,270 $125,490
2021 $6,223 $17,383 $93,073 $88,984
2020 $5,340 $15,519 $68,340 $67,111
2019 $6,473 $16,182 $76,431 $70,940
2018 $6,817 $15,239 $82,793 $70,254
2017 $6,480 $14,401 $76,132 $64,590
2016 $5,960 $14,027 $70,867 $59,280
2015 $6,249 $13,332 $74,810 $60,738
2014 $8,187 $13,355 $97,667 $66,332
2013 $8,279 $12,780 $103,554 $67,378
2012 $8,109 $12,093 $102,176 $65,774
2011 $7,401 $11,707 $101,222 $62,460
2010 $6,398 $10,841 $88,163 $58,213
2009 $5,251 $10,367 $80,348 $55,648
2008 $5,542 $10,307 $97,504 $62,073
2007 $4,770 $9,909 $85,502 $56,179
2006 $3,790 $9,154 $74,434 $54,358
2005 $3,456 $8,432 $67,047 $47,967
2004 $2,819 $7,909 $57,769 $42,667
2003 $2,312 $7,420 $50,250 $38,680
2002 $2,429 $7,109 $43,171 $38,056
2001 $2,473 $6,935 $38,602 $37,829
2000 $2,555 $6,776 $38,178 $36,994
1999 $2,241 $6,544 $36,393 $30,574
1998 $2,605 $6,854 $34,803 $28,200
1997 $2,873 $6,861 $36,629 $28,610
1996 $2,665 $6,639 $37,322 $26,826
1995 $2,584 $6,506 $34,876 $24,360
1994 $2,326 $6,174 $29,316 $23,027
1993 $1,929 $5,826 $27,964 $21,584
1992 $1,730 $5,509 $30,524 $20,623
1991 $1,486 $5,281 $28,597 $19,580
1990 $1,475 $5,109 $28,243 $18,461
1989 $1,244 - $24,281 -
1988 $1,260 - $24,207 -
1987 $1,193 - $22,506 -
1986 $1,169 - $18,883 -
1985 $1,192 - $15,754 -
1984 $1,336 - $14,989 -
1983 $1,384 - $14,928 -
1982 $1,425 - $15,225 -
1981 $1,362 - $15,513 -
1980 $1,280 - $15,772 -
1979 $1,095 - $13,047 -
1978 $932 - $11,463 -
1977 $798 - $10,266 -
1976 $643 - $8,927 -
1975 $561 - $8,204 -
1974 $542 - $6,812 -
1973 $462 - $5,690 -
1972 $397 - $4,414 -
1971 $367 - $3,736 -
1970 $346 - $3,306 -
1969 $318 - $2,894 -
1968 $302 - $2,680 -
1967 $303 - $2,531 -
1966 $290.3 - $2,333 -
1965 $317 - $2,179 -
1964 $339 - $1,951 -
1963 $282.6 - $1,787 -
1962 $298.5 - $1,678 -
1961 $282.1 - $1,571 -
1960 $258.3 - $1,451 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/colombia/norway | CC BY

Colombia's GDP per capita is $7,919, ranking 94/197, compared to $86,785 in Norway, ranking 8/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Colombia ranks 87th at $22,349, while Norway ranks 7th at $102,038.

Economic indicators

Colombia Norway
Gross domestic product
$419B
2024
$484B
2024
GDP rank
39/197
2024
32/197
2024
GDP growth
1.6%
2023-2024
2.1%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$7,919
2024
$86,785
2024
GDP per capita rank
94/197
2024
8/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$22,349
2024
$102,038
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
87/197
2024
7/197
2024
Government debt
$256B
2024
$207B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
61.2%
2024
42.7%
2024
Government debt per person
$4,849
2024
$37,074
2024
Government debt per person rank
82/185
2024
17/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$5,722
2026
$49,765
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$72.6B
2024
$296B
2019
Number of millionaires n/a
348,000
2025
Number of billionaires
4
2025
17
2025
Income share by richest 10%
42.7%
2023
21.6%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
1.1%
2023
3.6%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
34.6%
2024
48.5%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
6.61%
2023-2024
3.15%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
9.25%
2025
4%
2025
Unemployment rate
9.62%
2024
3.98%
2024
Population
54105437
5671119

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Colombia
Spending

Debt
Norway
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Colombia Norway
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 34.6% 61.2% 48.5% 42.7%
2023 35.1% 55.5% 45.9% 44.1%
2022 34.1% 61.3% 37.5% 36.1%
2021 34.5% 64.4% 46.3% 41.6%
2020 33.7% 65.3% 56.7% 46%
2019 32.9% 51% 50.2% 40.5%
2018 34.7% 51.8% 47.7% 39.3%
2017 29.3% 49.4% 49.2% 38.2%
2016 30% 49.9% 50.4% 37.9%
2015 31.3% 50.4% 48.2% 34.3%
2014 31.3% 43.3% 45.2% 29.6%
2013 30% 37.6% 43.5% 31.4%
2012 29.1% 34% 42.4% 30.9%
2011 30.2% 35.8% 43.3% 29.6%
2010 30.4% 36.5% 44.5% 43%
2009 30.9% 35.4% 45.6% 42.5%
2008 28.4% 32.4% 39.8% 47.5%
2007 28.2% 32.7% 41% 49.5%
2006 28.4% 36% 40.5% 52.6%
2005 25.9% 38.5% 41.8% 42.3%
2004 26.6% 41.5% 44.7% 43.8%
2003 28% 45% 47.6% 43.1%
2002 28.1% 47.5% 46.1% 33.9%
2001 27.5% 41.1% 43.2% 27.2%
2000 26.6% 38% 41.3% 28.7%
1999 28.2% 34% 46.4% 25%
1998 26.3% 27.4% 47.8% 23.6%
1997 26.2% 25.3% 45.5% 25.8%
1996 25.1% 23.3% 47% 28.4%
1995 22.2% 13.8% 49.3% 32.7%
1994 20.6% 12.5% 49.4% 50.6%
1993 20% 14.2% 50.2% 53.7%
1992 18.4% 16.1% 51.3% 45%
1991 17.7% 14.5% 50% 39.2%
1990 17.4% 16.7% 48.9% 28.9%
1989 10.3% 17.3% 52.2% 30.4%
1988 10.3% 17.9% 52.6% 30.5%
1987 9.7% 18.9% 50.5% 31.3%
1986 9.8% 20.2% 48.1% 37.8%
1985 10.5% 19.3% 44% 30.2%
1984 10.3% 15.5% 44.5% 27.8%
1983 10.2% 10.8% 46.4% 27.4%
1982 10.6% 8.8% 46.6% 29.7%
1981 9.9% 8.5% 46.1% 32.9%
1980 9.6% 8% 46.1% 36.8%
1979 8.6% 7.7% 47.2% 39.6%
1978 8.1% 7.6% 47.9% 49.9%
1977 7.7% 9.2% 46.5% 43.8%
1976 8% 12.2% 45.2% 38.5%
1975 9.4% 14.6% 43.5% 36.7%
1974 8.8% 15.9% 42.2% 35.4%
1973 9.4% 16.3% 42.3% 37.7%
1972 10.3% 16.9% 42.2% 38.9%
1971 10.3% 16.2% 40.7% 38.5%
1970 10% 16.7% 38.9% 38.6%
1969 9.2% 17% 38% 22.3%
1968 8.9% 16.2% 36.2% 22.5%
1967 8.2% 15.8% 34.9% 22.6%
1966 8% 15.3% 33.5% 22.4%
1965 7% 15.2% 32.9% 23%
1964 8.1% 13.1% 32% 24.2%
1963 8.6% 13.9% 31.9% 25.3%
1962 7.8% 14.8% 30.6% 26.7%
1961 8.6% 8.7% 20.4% 27.7%
1960 6.7% 7.2% 18% 29.8%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1995, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/colombia/norway | CC BY

In 2024, Colombia's government spending was $145B, accounting for 34.6% of its GDP, while Norway spent $234B, or 48.5% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 61.2% in Colombia and 42.7% in Norway, ranking 75/185 and 127/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Colombia

Norway
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Colombia Norway
2024 -6.25% 13.2%
2023 -2.92% 16.6%
2022 -6.34% 25.5%
2021 -7.26% 10.3%
2020 -7.12% -2.56%
2019 -3.48% 6.52%
2018 -4.67% 7.81%
2017 -2.5% 4.96%
2016 -2.27% 4.04%
2015 -3.52% 5.99%
2014 -1.74% 8.57%
2013 -1.02% 10.6%
2012 0.15% 13.7%
2011 -1.99% 13.3%
2010 -3.3% 10.9%
2009 -2.67% 10.2%
2008 0.04% 18.5%
2007 -0.82% 17%
2006 -0.99% 17.9%
2005 -0.02% 14.7%
2004 -1.31% 10.8%
2003 -2.7% 7.2%
2002 -3.45% 9.03%
2001 -2.71% 13.2%
2000 -2.94% 15%
1999 -5.37% 5.71%
1998 -3.86% 3.07%
1997 -3.23% 7.35%
1996 -2.49% 6.01%
1995 -1% 2.96%
1994 -0.14% 0.04%
1993 -0.24% -1.64%
1992 -0.07% -2.07%
1991 0.35% -0.12%
1990 -0.41% 1.95%
1989 -1.4% 1.81%
1988 -1.3% 2.65%
1987 -0.4% 4.56%
1986 -1.4% 5.87%
1985 -2.4% 9.84%
1984 -3.3% 6.97%
1983 -3.1% 6.03%
1982 -3.6% 3.96%
1981 -2.8% 4.82%
1980 -2.2% 5.38%
1979 -0.7% 2.16%
1978 0.3% 0.94%
1977 0.5% 1.01%
1976 0.6% 2.2%
1975 -0.5% 2.88%
1974 -1.2% 4.06%
1973 -1.1% 4.99%
1972 -1.7% 3.93%
1971 -1% 3.71%
1970 -0.7% 2.83%
1969 -0.5% 3.57%
1968 0% 3.38%
1967 -0.2% 4.19%
1966 0.1% 3.59%
1965 -0.6% 2.78%
1964 -1.1% 3.08%
1963 -1.7% 2.6%
1962 -1.6% 4%
1961 -1.5% -0.7%
1960 1.2% 1.42%
1959 2% 1.89%
1958 1.7% 1.7%
1957 1.4% 1.55%
1956 -0.2% 1.22%
1955 0.7% 0.82%
1954 1.3% -0.54%
1953 1.3% 1.3%
1952 1.6% 2.15%
1951 2.1% 1.59%
1950 0.9% -0.89%
1949 0.5% -0.72%
1948 -0.1% -0.35%
1947 0.2% -4.66%
1946 -0.5% -3.82%
1945 0.1% -
1944 -0.2% -
1943 -0.7% -
1942 -1.5% -
1941 0% -
1940 -1.5% -
1939 0.8% -0.54%
1938 0.5% 0.03%
1937 1.4% -0.16%
1936 1.1% -0.7%
1935 1.3% -1.1%
1934 0.2% -0.59%
1933 -0.4% -1.29%
1932 -0.8% -1.14%
1931 -0.2% -1.15%
1930 0.3% -0.46%
1929 0.4% -0.83%
1928 -0.4% -0.81%
1927 -0.6% -0.76%
1926 0% -1.59%
1925 1% -1.92%
1924 0.5% -2.96%
1923 0.3% -3.58%
1922 -0.7% -4.28%
1921 -1.6% -5.47%
1920 0.4% -1.15%
1919 -0.8% -2.11%
1918 -2.1% -1.17%
1917 -0.5% 0.2%
1916 0.2% -0.36%
1915 -0.2% -2.04%
1914 -0.5% -1.09%
1913 0.5% -0.9%
1912 -0.3% -0.89%
1911 -0.1% -0.05%
1910 -0.3% 0.3%
1909 -3.3% -0.52%
1908 -2.7% -0.06%
1907 -2.7% 0.16%
1906 0.2% -0.59%
1905 -0.9% -0.52%
1904 - -0.75%
1903 - -1.12%
1902 - -1.52%
1901 - -1.41%
1900 - -1.99%
1899 - -1.35%
1898 - -1.39%
1897 - -0.63%
1896 - -1.57%
1895 - -1.66%
1894 - -1.13%
1893 - -1.25%
1892 - -0.94%
1891 - -0.44%
1890 - -0.2%
1889 - -0.07%
1888 - -0.23%
1887 - -0.17%
1886 - -0.2%
1885 - -0.005%
1884 - -0.08%
1883 - -0.17%
1882 - -0.62%
1881 - -1.13%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1881–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/colombia/norway | CC BY

In 2024, Colombia's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $26.2B, equivalent to 6.25% of GDP. This compares to Norway's surplus of $64.1B, or 13.2% of GDP.

Over the past 65 years, Colombia recorded a fiscal deficit in 56 of those years, while Norway ran a deficit in 5 years. On average, Colombia posted an annual deficit equal to 1.87% of GDP, compared to surplus of 6.38% of GDP for Norway.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Colombia

Norway
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Colombia Norway
2024 6.61% 3.15%
2023 11.7% 5.52%
2022 10.2% 5.76%
2021 3.5% 3.48%
2020 2.53% 1.29%
2019 3.52% 2.17%
2018 3.24% 2.76%
2017 4.31% 1.88%
2016 7.51% 3.55%
2015 4.99% 2.17%
2014 2.9% 2.04%
2013 2.02% 2.12%
2012 3.17% 0.7%
2011 3.42% 1.28%
2010 2.27% 2.42%
2009 4.2% 2.2%
2008 7% 3.75%
2007 5.54% 0.71%
2006 4.29% 2.33%
2005 5.05% 1.53%
2004 5.9% 0.45%
2003 7.13% 2.49%
2002 6.35% 1.29%
2001 7.97% 3%
2000 9.23% 3.09%
1999 10.9% 2.37%
1998 18.7% 2.25%
1997 18.5% 2.57%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/colombia/norway | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Colombia has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 6.52%, compared with 2.44% in Norway. In 2024, inflation was 6.61% in Colombia and 3.15% in Norway.

Top exports between countries

Colombia
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $50.5M
Raw agricultural goods $32.5M
Textiles & consumer goods $1.41M
Machinery & equipment $1.16M
Metals $237K
Precious metals & jewellery $204K
Chemicals & pharma $106K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $23K
Miscellaneous $18K
Animal & marine products $10K
Norway
Export category Export value
Miscellaneous $21.3M
Machinery & equipment $5.08M
Animal & marine products $2.81M
Chemicals & pharma $1.81M
Raw materials & minerals $1.24M
Wood & paper products $976K
Textiles & consumer goods $491K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $259K
Precious metals & jewellery $235K
Metals $100K

Balance of trade

Colombia Norway
Current account balance
-$6.88B
2024
$71.6B
2024
Current account balance ranking
172/190
2024
11/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.64%
2024
+14.8%
2024
Goods imports
$60.2B
2024
$97.5B
2024
Goods exports
$51.1B
2024
$162B
2024
Service imports
$18.5B
2024
$63.6B
2024
Service exports
$18.1B
2024
$55.6B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
20.9%
2024
33.9%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
16.1%
2024
47.5%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Colombia Norway
Economic freedom 59.8 78.8
Economic freedom ranking 101/197 9/197
Property rights 43.1 99.6
Government integrity 41.6 94.3
Judicial effectiveness 57.4 96.4
Tax burden 68.6 63.3
Government spending 64 42
Fiscal health 49.8 96.4
Business freedom 71.2 91.2
Labor freedom 59.1 69.3
Monetary freedom 71.9 72.4
Trade freedom 71.4 85.6
Investment freedom 60 75
Financial freedom 60 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Colombia
Norway
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Colombia Norway
2026 59.8 78.8
2025 59.8 78.3
2024 59.2 77.5
2023 63.1 76.9
2022 65.1 76.9
2021 68.1 73.4
2020 69.2 73.4
2019 67.3 73
2018 68.9 74.3
2017 69.7 74
2016 70.8 70.8
2015 71.7 71.8
2014 70.7 70.9
2013 69.6 70.5
2012 68 68.8
2011 68 70.3
2010 65.5 69.4
2009 62.3 70.2
2008 62.2 68.6
2007 59.9 67.9
2006 60.4 67.9
2005 59.6 64.5
2004 61.2 66.2
2003 64.2 67.2
2002 64.2 67.4
2001 65.6 67.1
2000 63.3 70.1
1999 65.3 68.6
1998 65.5 68
1997 66.4 65.1
1996 64.3 65.4
1995 64.5 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/colombia/norway | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Colombia is 59.8, ranking 101/197, compared to 78.8 for Norway, ranking 9/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Colombia Norway
Services, % of GDP
58.1%
2024
51.8%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
23.1%
2024
37%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
9.28%
2024
2.08%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$372B
2024
$547B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$21,890
2024
$106,830
2024
Total reserves including gold
$61.9B
2024
$81.2B
2024
Total reserves ranking
38/177
2024
32/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$9.17B
2024
-$7.83B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$13.7B
2024
$12B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$4.51B
2024
$4.95B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
8.25%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
31.8%
2024
12.2%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
16.8%
2024
24.1%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/colombia/norway | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1881–1995, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2020–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.