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Economy of Ireland vs Philippines compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Ireland has a GDP of $609B compared to $462B for the Philippines, ranking 25/197 and 35/197 by economy size, respectively.

Ireland has $236B in government debt (38.8% of GDP), compared to $261B (56.6% of GDP) in the Philippines.

Ireland vs Philippines GDP by year

Ireland
Philippines
1x
Year GDP, current $
Ireland Philippines
2024 $609,157,459,747 $461,617,509,782
2023 $567,372,737,459 $437,055,627,244
2022 $548,341,794,599 $404,353,369,605
2021 $530,394,123,830 $394,087,359,848
2020 $436,009,027,819 $361,751,145,452
2019 $407,211,793,801 $376,823,402,239
2018 $395,780,319,817 $346,841,896,587
2017 $348,355,212,569 $328,480,736,803
2016 $305,431,252,709 $318,627,003,017
2015 $302,101,388,556 $306,445,871,242
2014 $266,490,442,124 $297,483,555,338
2013 $242,924,245,719 $283,902,828,589
2012 $226,921,827,888 $261,920,540,963
2011 $240,975,871,047 $234,216,730,291
2010 $221,732,824,603 $208,368,893,151
2009 $236,443,115,854 $175,974,755,881
2008 $275,447,471,451 $181,624,626,327
2007 $270,079,279,420 $155,980,408,673
2006 $232,180,617,162 $127,652,926,368
2005 $211,876,989,656 $107,419,977,318
2004 $194,372,115,041 $95,001,999,685
2003 $164,670,771,260 $87,039,092,974
2002 $128,596,035,288 $84,307,345,888
2001 $109,346,669,230 $78,921,234,458
2000 $100,207,610,430 $83,669,788,377
1999 $98,893,958,263 $85,640,171,045
1998 $90,199,410,116 $74,492,416,330
1997 $82,856,648,758 $94,106,317,565
1996 $75,790,786,290 $94,648,084,429
1995 $69,139,823,232 $84,644,328,727
1994 $57,097,656,066 $73,159,336,915
1993 $52,417,477,614 $62,036,529,147
1992 $55,918,538,121 $60,422,328,242
1991 $49,787,501,584 $51,784,144,943
1990 $49,305,632,408 $50,508,286,642
1989 $39,238,392,678 $48,513,773,721
1988 $37,772,896,221 $43,152,128,959
1987 $33,920,518,493 $37,791,488,666
1986 $28,714,571,852 $33,987,207,295
1985 $21,270,013,326 $34,961,486,348
1984 $20,106,648,455 $35,730,185,634
1983 $20,766,047,764 $37,759,179,895
1982 $21,474,752,962 $42,206,011,275
1981 $20,670,190,138 $40,499,388,869
1980 $21,747,855,640 $36,848,080,899
1979 $18,319,334,300 $31,218,296,292
1978 $14,647,996,074 $25,762,224,563
1977 $11,248,340,431 $22,283,109,803
1976 $9,453,756,015 $19,381,055,197
1975 $9,483,808,362 $16,875,240,684
1974 $7,896,860,615 $15,607,882,555
1973 $7,481,173,066 $11,412,449,735
1972 $6,318,060,582 $9,067,815,521
1971 $5,098,250,287 $8,375,075,630
1970 $4,395,995,086 $7,559,115,517
1969 $3,902,721,632 $9,571,800,653
1968 $3,378,701,147 $8,632,749,269
1967 $3,445,739,915 $7,724,873,935
1966 $3,198,820,904 $7,189,017,888
1965 $3,035,655,794 $6,517,349,772
1964 $2,851,091,646 $5,953,756,195
1963 $2,505,073,358 $5,505,023,238
1962 $2,329,372,972 $4,954,593,072
1961 $2,151,772,980 $8,171,194,425
1960 $1,998,550,222 $7,515,894,111

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/ireland/philippines | CC BY

GDP per capita in Ireland vs Philippines by year

Ireland
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Philippines
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Ireland Philippines
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $112,895 $133,437 $3,985 $11,794
2023 $106,819 $129,683 $3,804 $10,986
2022 $105,191 $138,523 $3,548 $10,131
2021 $103,783 $116,904 $3,484 $8,858
2020 $86,514 $97,800 $3,228 $8,238
2019 $81,828 $92,023 $3,401 $8,924
2018 $80,804 $86,299 $3,169 $8,358
2017 $72,161 $80,450 $3,038 $7,774
2016 $64,130 $73,013 $2,985 $7,383
2015 $64,250 $71,588 $2,910 $6,894
2014 $57,215 $52,641 $2,867 $6,689
2013 $52,538 $48,839 $2,781 $6,373
2012 $49,336 $46,726 $2,615 $6,094
2011 $52,614 $45,526 $2,384 $5,705
2010 $48,624 $43,212 $2,163 $5,489
2009 $52,133 $41,491 $1,864 $5,157
2008 $61,353 $44,169 $1,959 $5,144
2007 $61,396 $46,782 $1,713 $4,923
2006 $54,329 $44,223 $1,426 $4,579
2005 $50,933 $40,466 $1,220 $4,289
2004 $47,754 $38,729 $1,100 $4,037
2003 $41,204 $36,280 $1,027 $3,761
2002 $32,705 $35,222 $1,015 $3,580
2001 $28,282 $32,573 $970 $3,469
2000 $26,335 $30,216 $1,051 $3,366
1999 $26,338 $27,041 $1,101 $3,229
1998 $24,295 $25,094 $983 $3,160
1997 $22,551 $22,637 $1,273 $3,221
1996 $20,836 $20,482 $1,311 $3,082
1995 $19,158 $18,944 $1,200 $2,926
1994 $15,903 $17,011 $1,060 $2,800
1993 $14,657 $15,811 $919 $2,684
1992 $15,714 $15,116 $917 $2,629
1991 $14,087 $14,399 $804 $2,621
1990 $14,031 $13,743 $804 $2,608
1989 $11,176 - $792 -
1988 $10,716 - $722 -
1987 $9,582 - $650 -
1986 $8,112 - $600 -
1985 $6,012 - $633 -
1984 $5,692 - $665 -
1983 $5,915 - $723 -
1982 $6,161 - $833 -
1981 $5,986 - $821 -
1980 $6,372 - $767 -
1979 $5,430 - $667 -
1978 $4,400 - $565 -
1977 $3,427 - $502 -
1976 $2,920 - $449 -
1975 $2,973 - $401 -
1974 $2,517 - $379 -
1973 $2,424 - $283.2 -
1972 $2,080 - $230.1 -
1971 $1,704 - $217.4 -
1970 $1,487 - $200.9 -
1969 $1,331 - $261.1 -
1968 $1,159 - $242.2 -
1967 $1,187 - $223.1 -
1966 $1,107 - $213.8 -
1965 $1,055 - $199.8 -
1964 $995 - $188.2 -
1963 $878 - $179.5 -
1962 $821 - $166.7 -
1961 $762 - $283.8 -
1960 $707 - $269.5 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/ireland/philippines | CC BY

Ireland's GDP per capita is $112,895, ranking 4/197, compared to $3,985 in the Philippines, ranking 130/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Ireland ranks 4th at $133,437, while the Philippines ranks 127th at $11,794.

Economic indicators

Ireland Philippines
Gross domestic product
$609B
2024
$462B
2024
GDP rank
25/197
2024
35/197
2024
GDP growth
2.6%
2023-2024
5.69%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$112,895
2024
$3,985
2024
GDP per capita rank
4/197
2024
130/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$133,437
2024
$11,794
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
4/197
2024
127/197
2024
Government debt
$236B
2024
$261B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
38.8%
2024
56.6%
2024
Government debt per person
$43,766
2024
$2,257
2024
Government debt per person rank
11/185
2024
117/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$47,851
2026
$3,407
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$110B
2018
$252B
2024
Number of billionaires
11
2025
15
2025
Income share by richest 10%
24.1%
2023
31.6%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
3.7%
2023
2.9%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
22.3%
2024
24.9%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
2.11%
2023-2024
3.21%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
4.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
4.27%
2024
2.41%
2023
Population
5518360
117991570

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Ireland
Spending

Debt
Philippines
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Ireland Philippines
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 22.3% 38.8% 24.9% 56.6%
2023 22.1% 42.1% 24.7% 56.5%
2022 20.6% 43.2% 25.9% 57.4%
2021 23.6% 52.7% 27.2% 57%
2020 26.7% 57.1% 25.9% 51.6%
2019 23.9% 55.9% 21.7% 37%
2018 24.7% 61.4% 20.9% 37.1%
2017 25.3% 65.3% 19.5% 38.1%
2016 27.5% 72.7% 19% 37.4%
2015 28.1% 74% 17.8% 39.7%
2014 36.6% 101.4% 16.8% 40.3%
2013 39.8% 117.7% 17.3% 43.9%
2012 42.3% 118.9% 17.7% 45.7%
2011 46.9% 109.6% 17.2% 45.4%
2010 64.9% 86.2% 18.3% 47.6%
2009 46.9% 61.8% 19.2% 49.8%
2008 41.6% 42.5% 17.9% 50%
2007 35.6% 23.9% 18.2% 50.2%
2006 33.6% 23.7% 18.3% 57.2%
2005 33% 26.1% 18.7% 64.7%
2004 32.8% 28.1% 19.4% 71.1%
2003 32.7% 29.8% 20.4% 71.4%
2002 32.9% 30.9% 20.6% 65.2%
2001 32.2% 33.6% 21% 59.5%
2000 30.6% 36.4% 20.8% 59.2%
1999 32.5% 46.6% 20.7% 54.2%
1998 34.2% 51.4% 20.3% 50.8%
1997 36.1% 61.6% 20.3% 56.9%
1996 38.5% 69.8% 19.6% 53.1%
1995 40.3% 78.5% 19.1% 60.8%
1994 44.2% 88% 19.7% 63.6%
1993 44.6% 93.4% 17.6% 73.9%
1992 46.8% 90.6% 18.4% 53.9%
1991 46.1% 93.8% 18% 55.6%
1990 44.6% 92.7% 18.8% 56.2%
1989 42.5% 97.9% 15.7% 55.2%
1988 48.2% 106.5% 15.9% 69%
1987 51.4% 108.3% 15.7% 79.2%
1986 52.9% 107.2% 13.5% 77.7%
1985 53.2% 93% 11.3% 53.1%
1984 52.7% 90.2% 10.1% 45.8%
1983 55.6% 86.1% 12.2% 43.1%
1982 56.7% 73.5% 12.8% 32.9%
1981 54.1% 68.8% 13.7% 27.6%
1980 53.7% 64.6% 13.4% 24.8%
1979 48.7% 63.5% 11.9% 22.5%
1978 46.2% 50.6% 13.3% 23.1%
1977 44.6% 49.2% 13.3% 19.8%
1976 47.8% 51.7% 13.8% 16.8%
1975 48.2% 48.3% 15.1% 13%
1974 44.3% 43.5% 10.7% 13.4%
1973 40.3% 35.1% 14% 11.5%
1972 41.5% 37.3% 13.4% 14.2%
1971 45.3% 39.8% 11.2% 14.8%
1970 44.1% 41.7% 10.4% 16.8%
1969 42.5% 42.6% 11.5% 16.4%
1968 40% 44.7% 11.2% 15.7%
1967 39.3% 47.1% 10.2% 15.4%
1966 36.9% 47.7% 9.77% 14.4%
1965 35.8% 44.6% 9.48% 15%
1964 34.8% 43.1% 9.66% 14.2%
1963 33.6% 45.2% 10.4% 14.1%
1962 31.7% 44.5% 10.8% 15.9%
1961 31.4% 44.3% 9.6% 16.5%
1960 29.1% 44.9% 10.1% 16.6%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1992, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/ireland/philippines | CC BY

In 2024, Ireland's government spending was $136B, accounting for 22.3% of its GDP, while the Philippines spent $115B, or 24.9% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 38.8% in Ireland and 56.6% in the Philippines, ranking 138/185 and 93/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Ireland

Philippines
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Ireland Philippines
2024 4.09% -3.78%
2023 1.52% -4.38%
2022 1.67% -5.48%
2021 -1.37% -6.23%
2020 -4.87% -5.55%
2019 0.41% -1.5%
2018 0.09% -1.48%
2017 -0.3% -0.75%
2016 -0.76% -0.74%
2015 -1.97% 0.14%
2014 -3.52% 1.32%
2013 -6.28% 0.37%
2012 -8.42% -0.22%
2011 -13.5% -0.38%
2010 -32.1% -2.25%
2009 -13.9% -2.57%
2008 -7.03% 0.02%
2007 0.27% -0.28%
2006 2.78% -0.05%
2005 1.57% -1.62%
2004 1.3% -2.81%
2003 0.35% -3.49%
2002 -0.52% -3.71%
2001 0.96% -3.49%
2000 4.86% -3.27%
1999 3.54% -2.29%
1998 2.07% -1.31%
1997 1.37% 0.37%
1996 -0.2% 0.54%
1995 -2.07% -0.02%
1994 -1.82% -0.44%
1993 -2.62% 0.63%
1992 -2.84% -0.43%
1991 -2.8% -0.26%
1990 -2.69% -1.52%
1989 -2.64% -1.64%
1988 -4.62% -2.71%
1987 -8.47% -1.06%
1986 -10.5% -0.55%
1985 -10.7% 0.71%
1984 -9.43% 0.64%
1983 -11.5% 0.1%
1982 -13.1% -0.88%
1981 -12.1% -1.09%
1980 -11.1% 0.56%
1979 -10% 1.54%
1978 -8.27% 0.05%
1977 -6.44% -0.42%
1976 -7.34% -0.55%
1975 -11.1% 0.13%
1974 -6.96% 5.94%
1973 -3.84% 2.49%
1972 -3.23% 3.39%
1971 -3.5% -0.96%
1970 -3.64% -0.31%
1969 -3.4% -2.67%
1968 -2.72% -2.33%
1967 -2.69% -1.35%
1966 -2.26% -0.74%
1965 -3.5% -1.53%
1964 -3.35% -0.99%
1963 -2.92% -0.68%
1962 -2.91% -0.43%
1961 -2.6% -0.29%
1960 -1.97% -1.06%
1959 -2.16% -0.15%
1958 -4.3% -0.21%
1957 -5.19% -0.56%
1956 -3.23% -0.77%
1955 -5.06% -1.3%
1954 -5.28% -0.79%
1953 -5.77% -0.88%
1952 -7.84% 0.49%
1951 -4.62% 1.5%
1950 -5.21% -0.19%
1949 -2.17% -2.33%
1948 -1.29% -0.65%
1947 -1.8% 0.05%
1946 -0.43% -2.54%
1945 -0.43% -
1944 0.39% -
1943 -1.18% -
1942 -2.48% -
1941 -1.42% -
1940 -0.15% -
1939 -7.31% -
1938 -0.92% -
1937 -0.77% -
1936 -0.19% -
1935 - -
1934 - -
1933 2.97% -
1932 - -
1931 -1.63% -
1930 - -
1929 -3.41% -
1928 - -
1927 - -
1926 -1.95% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1926–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/ireland/philippines | CC BY

In 2024, Ireland's government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $24.9B, equivalent to 4.09% of GDP. This compares to the Philippines' deficit of $17.5B, or 3.78% of GDP.

Over the past 65 years, Ireland recorded a fiscal deficit in 50 of those years, while the Philippines ran a deficit in 48 years. On average, Ireland posted an annual deficit equal to 4.15% of GDP, compared to deficit of 0.98% of GDP for the Philippines.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Ireland

Philippines
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Ireland Philippines
2024 2.11% 3.21%
2023 6.3% 5.98%
2022 7.83% 5.82%
2021 2.34% 3.93%
2020 -0.33% 2.39%
2019 0.94% 2.39%
2018 0.47% 5.31%
2017 0.36% 2.85%
2016 0.02% 1.25%
2015 -0.33% 0.67%
2014 0.19% 3.6%
2013 0.52% 2.58%
2012 1.69% 3.03%
2011 2.55% 4.72%
2010 -0.92% 3.79%
2009 -4.45% 4.22%
2008 4.04% 8.26%
2007 4.89% 2.9%
2006 3.94% 5.49%
2005 2.46% 6.52%
2004 2.18% 4.83%
2003 3.49% 2.29%
2002 4.63% 2.72%
2001 4.85% 5.35%
2000 5.58% 3.98%
1999 1.63% 5.94%
1998 2.41% 9.23%
1997 1.54% 5.59%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/ireland/philippines | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Ireland has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.18%, compared with 4.24% in the Philippines. In 2024, inflation was 2.11% in Ireland and 3.21% in the Philippines.

Top exports between countries

Ireland
Export category Export value
Business & finance services $212M
Animal & marine products $87.3M
Machinery & equipment $47.8M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $33.9M
Chemicals & pharma $25.6M
Precious metals & jewellery $17.4M
IT & IP services $16.2M
Textiles & consumer goods $5.91M
Wood & paper products $401K
Metals $363K
Philippines
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $151M
Miscellaneous $12M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $3.19M
Raw agricultural goods $2.11M
Textiles & consumer goods $1.03M
Chemicals & pharma $623K
Wood & paper products $161K
Metals $115K
Raw materials & minerals $88K
Precious metals & jewellery $21K

Balance of trade

Ireland Philippines
Current account balance
$106B
2024
-$18.3B
2024
Current account balance ranking
6/190
2024
183/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+17.4%
2024
-3.96%
2024
Goods imports
$165B
2024
$124B
2024
Goods exports
$356B
2024
$55.1B
2024
Service imports
$467B
2024
$37.6B
2024
Service exports
$526B
2024
$51.6B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
102.2%
2024
40.1%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
144%
2024
25.8%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Ireland Philippines
Economic freedom 83.3 62.9
Economic freedom ranking 3/197 85/197
Property rights 94.4 45.8
Government integrity 84 35.4
Judicial effectiveness 95.4 41.8
Tax burden 77.7 78.3
Government spending 85.9 81
Fiscal health 97 60.5
Business freedom 85.5 69.2
Labor freedom 61.3 57.8
Monetary freedom 79.3 72.1
Trade freedom 79.4 83
Investment freedom 90 70
Financial freedom 70 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Ireland
Philippines
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Ireland Philippines
2026 83.3 62.9
2025 83.1 60.6
2024 82.6 59
2023 82 59.3
2022 82 61.1
2021 81.4 64.1
2020 80.9 64.5
2019 80.5 63.8
2018 80.4 65
2017 76.7 65.6
2016 77.3 63.1
2015 76.6 62.2
2014 76.2 60.1
2013 75.7 58.2
2012 76.9 57.1
2011 78.7 56.2
2010 81.3 56.3
2009 82.2 56.8
2008 82.5 56
2007 82.6 56
2006 82.2 56.3
2005 80.8 54.7
2004 80.3 59.1
2003 80.9 61.3
2002 80.5 60.7
2001 81.2 60.9
2000 76.1 62.5
1999 74.6 61.9
1998 73.7 62.8
1997 72.6 62.2
1996 68.5 60.2
1995 68.5 55

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/ireland/philippines | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Ireland is 83.3, ranking 3/197, compared to 62.9 for the Philippines, ranking 85/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Ireland Philippines
Services, % of GDP
60.6%
2024
63.2%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
33.6%
2024
27.7%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.02%
2024
9.08%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$435B
2024
$518B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$101,180
2024
$13,330
2024
Total reserves including gold
$12.7B
2024
$106B
2024
Total reserves ranking
73/177
2024
27/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$62.3B
2024
-$6.57B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$4.82B
2024
$9.44B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$67.1B
2024
$2.87B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
3.45%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
14%
2021
15.5%
2023
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
18.2%
2024
23.7%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/ireland/philippines | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1926–1992, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.