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Economy of Canada vs Philippines compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Canada has a GDP of $2.24T compared to $462B for the Philippines, ranking 9/197 and 35/197 by economy size, respectively.

Canada has $2.5T in government debt (111.3% of GDP), compared to $261B (56.6% of GDP) in the Philippines.

Canada vs Philippines GDP by year

Canada
Philippines
1x
Year GDP, current $
Canada Philippines
2024 $2,243,636,826,634 $461,617,509,782
2023 $2,173,339,670,064 $437,055,627,244
2022 $2,190,411,080,134 $404,353,369,605
2021 $2,022,378,748,423 $394,087,359,848
2020 $1,655,684,730,000 $361,751,145,452
2019 $1,743,725,183,673 $376,823,402,239
2018 $1,725,329,192,783 $346,841,896,587
2017 $1,649,265,644,244 $328,480,736,803
2016 $1,527,994,741,907 $318,627,003,017
2015 $1,556,508,816,217 $306,445,871,242
2014 $1,805,749,878,440 $297,483,555,338
2013 $1,846,597,421,835 $283,902,828,589
2012 $1,828,366,481,522 $261,920,540,963
2011 $1,793,326,630,175 $234,216,730,291
2010 $1,617,343,367,486 $208,368,893,151
2009 $1,374,625,142,157 $175,974,755,881
2008 $1,552,989,690,722 $181,624,626,327
2007 $1,468,820,407,783 $155,980,408,673
2006 $1,319,264,809,591 $127,652,926,368
2005 $1,173,108,598,779 $107,419,977,318
2004 $1,026,690,238,278 $95,001,999,685
2003 $895,540,646,635 $87,039,092,974
2002 $760,649,334,098 $84,307,345,888
2001 $738,981,792,355 $78,921,234,458
2000 $744,773,415,932 $83,669,788,377
1999 $678,412,196,271 $85,640,171,045
1998 $634,000,000,000 $74,492,416,330
1997 $654,986,999,856 $94,106,317,565
1996 $630,607,994,133 $94,648,084,429
1995 $605,961,090,061 $84,644,328,727
1994 $579,944,346,807 $73,159,336,915
1993 $579,053,561,739 $62,036,529,147
1992 $594,387,358,319 $60,422,328,242
1991 $612,527,712,316 $51,784,144,943
1990 $596,075,591,361 $50,508,286,642
1989 $567,211,993,243 $48,513,773,721
1988 $509,380,027,627 $43,152,128,959
1987 $433,134,238,311 $37,791,488,666
1986 $379,006,836,992 $33,987,207,295
1985 $366,186,012,450 $34,961,486,348
1984 $356,718,400,124 $35,730,185,634
1983 $341,866,277,183 $37,759,179,895
1982 $314,647,807,409 $42,206,011,275
1981 $307,246,642,756 $40,499,388,869
1980 $274,776,566,028 $36,848,080,899
1979 $243,891,124,296 $31,218,296,292
1978 $219,369,542,386 $25,762,224,563
1977 $212,325,176,305 $22,283,109,803
1976 $207,271,612,576 $19,381,055,197
1975 $174,419,757,177 $16,875,240,684
1974 $160,949,188,139 $15,607,882,555
1973 $131,764,343,566 $11,412,449,735
1972 $113,463,848,874 $9,067,815,521
1971 $99,606,454,744 $8,375,075,630
1970 $88,192,257,632 $7,559,115,517
1969 $79,405,011,125 $9,571,800,653
1968 $72,048,833,006 $8,632,749,269
1967 $65,856,924,424 $7,724,873,935
1966 $61,252,415,405 $7,189,017,888
1965 $54,649,410,479 $6,517,349,772
1964 $49,503,663,836 $5,953,756,195
1963 $45,140,337,827 $5,505,023,238
1962 $42,336,211,556 $4,954,593,072
1961 $41,038,192,838 $8,171,194,425
1960 $40,563,768,947 $7,515,894,111

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/philippines | CC BY

GDP per capita in Canada vs Philippines by year

Canada
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Philippines
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Canada Philippines
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $54,340 $64,610 $3,985 $11,794
2023 $54,220 $64,219 $3,804 $10,986
2022 $56,257 $63,944 $3,548 $10,131
2021 $52,887 $56,995 $3,484 $8,858
2020 $43,538 $48,591 $3,228 $8,238
2019 $46,353 $50,499 $3,401 $8,924
2018 $46,539 $49,983 $3,169 $8,358
2017 $45,130 $48,317 $3,038 $7,774
2016 $42,314 $46,471 $2,985 $7,383
2015 $43,594 $44,668 $2,910 $6,894
2014 $50,961 $45,758 $2,867 $6,689
2013 $52,638 $44,301 $2,781 $6,373
2012 $52,670 $42,292 $2,615 $6,094
2011 $52,224 $41,667 $2,384 $5,705
2010 $47,561 $40,103 $2,163 $5,489
2009 $40,875 $38,863 $1,864 $5,157
2008 $46,710 $40,376 $1,959 $5,144
2007 $44,660 $39,573 $1,713 $4,923
2006 $40,504 $38,123 $1,426 $4,579
2005 $36,384 $36,328 $1,220 $4,289
2004 $32,146 $33,929 $1,100 $4,037
2003 $28,302 $32,350 $1,027 $3,761
2002 $24,256 $30,964 $1,015 $3,580
2001 $23,822 $30,241 $970 $3,469
2000 $24,271 $29,348 $1,051 $3,366
1999 $22,315 $27,841 $1,101 $3,229
1998 $21,025 $26,324 $983 $3,160
1997 $21,902 $25,264 $1,273 $3,221
1996 $21,297 $24,055 $1,311 $3,082
1995 $20,680 $23,474 $1,200 $2,926
1994 $19,998 $22,624 $1,060 $2,800
1993 $20,187 $21,432 $919 $2,684
1992 $20,950 $20,619 $917 $2,629
1991 $21,847 $20,220 $804 $2,621
1990 $21,526 $20,226 $804 $2,608
1989 $20,795 - $792 -
1988 $19,013 - $722 -
1987 $16,378 - $650 -
1986 $14,521 - $600 -
1985 $14,170 - $633 -
1984 $13,930 - $665 -
1983 $13,477 - $723 -
1982 $12,527 - $833 -
1981 $12,379 - $821 -
1980 $11,208 - $767 -
1979 $10,078 - $667 -
1978 $9,154 - $565 -
1977 $8,949 - $502 -
1976 $8,839 - $449 -
1975 $7,537 - $401 -
1974 $7,057 - $379 -
1973 $5,858 - $283.2 -
1972 $5,107 - $230.1 -
1971 $4,535 - $217.4 -
1970 $4,136 - $200.9 -
1969 $3,776 - $261.1 -
1968 $3,473 - $242.2 -
1967 $3,226 - $223.1 -
1966 $3,055 - $213.8 -
1965 $2,777 - $199.8 -
1964 $2,562 - $188.2 -
1963 $2,380 - $179.5 -
1962 $2,274 - $166.7 -
1961 $2,246 - $283.8 -
1960 $2,265 - $269.5 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/philippines | CC BY

Canada's GDP per capita is $54,340, ranking 20/197, compared to $3,985 in the Philippines, ranking 130/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Canada ranks 28th at $64,610, while the Philippines ranks 127th at $11,794.

Economic indicators

Canada Philippines
Gross domestic product
$2.24T
2024
$462B
2024
GDP rank
9/197
2024
35/197
2024
GDP growth
1.55%
2023-2024
5.69%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$54,340
2024
$3,985
2024
GDP per capita rank
20/197
2024
130/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$64,610
2024
$11,794
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
28/197
2024
127/197
2024
Government debt
$2.5T
2024
$261B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
111.3%
2024
56.6%
2024
Government debt per person
$60,482
2024
$2,257
2024
Government debt per person rank
4/185
2024
117/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$37,320
2026
$3,407
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$3.37T
2024
$252B
2024
Number of millionaires
2,098,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
76
2025
15
2025
Income share by richest 10%
24.1%
2021
31.6%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
3.3%
2021
2.9%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
44.7%
2024
24.9%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
2.38%
2023-2024
3.21%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
2.25%
2025
4.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
6.35%
2024
2.41%
2023
Population
42181965
117991570

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Canada
Spending

Debt
Philippines
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Canada Philippines
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 44.7% 111.3% 24.9% 56.6%
2023 42.1% 107.7% 24.7% 56.5%
2022 40.6% 104.2% 25.9% 57.4%
2021 45.5% 112.6% 27.2% 57%
2020 52.4% 118.1% 25.9% 51.6%
2019 40.6% 90.2% 21.7% 37%
2018 40.7% 90.8% 20.9% 37.1%
2017 40.5% 90.9% 19.5% 38.1%
2016 40.8% 92.4% 19% 37.4%
2015 40% 92% 17.8% 39.7%
2014 38.4% 85.5% 16.8% 40.3%
2013 40% 87.6% 17.3% 43.9%
2012 40.9% 87.2% 17.7% 45.7%
2011 41.6% 84.3% 17.2% 45.4%
2010 43.1% 84% 18.3% 47.6%
2009 43.4% 81.8% 19.2% 49.8%
2008 38.8% 70.4% 17.9% 50%
2007 38.5% 67.2% 18.2% 50.2%
2006 38.7% 69.9% 18.3% 57.2%
2005 38.5% 70.6% 18.7% 64.7%
2004 39.1% 71.9% 19.4% 71.1%
2003 40.3% 75.9% 20.4% 71.4%
2002 40.4% 79.6% 20.6% 65.2%
2001 41.1% 81.5% 21% 59.5%
2000 40.6% 80.4% 20.8% 59.2%
1999 41.8% 89% 20.7% 54.2%
1998 43.4% 93.3% 20.3% 50.8%
1997 43.5% 95.3% 20.3% 56.9%
1996 45.9% 100.2% 19.6% 53.1%
1995 47.7% 100.1% 19.1% 60.8%
1994 49% 97.5% 19.7% 63.6%
1993 51.5% 94.7% 17.6% 73.9%
1992 52.5% 88.2% 18.4% 53.9%
1991 51.4% 81.7% 18% 55.6%
1990 48.1% 73.7% 18.8% 56.2%
1989 45.8% 72.2% 15.7% 55.2%
1988 45.4% 71.1% 15.9% 69%
1987 46.1% 71.4% 15.7% 79.2%
1986 47.6% 71% 13.5% 77.7%
1985 48.3% 66.9% 11.3% 53.1%
1984 47.5% 61.7% 10.1% 45.8%
1983 47.9% 58.4% 12.2% 43.1%
1982 47.3% 52.7% 12.8% 32.9%
1981 42.5% 46.9% 13.7% 27.6%
1980 41.6% 45.6% 13.4% 24.8%
1979 40% 45.3% 11.9% 22.5%
1978 41.6% 48% 13.3% 23.1%
1977 41.4% 45.1% 13.3% 19.8%
1976 40.2% 43.6% 13.8% 16.8%
1975 41.1% 45.2% 15.1% 13%
1974 37.6% 45.8% 10.7% 13.4%
1973 36% 48% 14% 11.5%
1972 37.5% 53.5% 13.4% 14.2%
1971 37.3% 55.3% 11.2% 14.8%
1970 36% 54.3% 10.4% 16.8%
1969 33.9% 53% 11.5% 16.4%
1968 33.8% 55.9% 11.2% 15.7%
1967 32.9% 56.9% 10.2% 15.4%
1966 30.8% 56.6% 9.77% 14.4%
1965 29.8% 60.1% 9.48% 15%
1964 29.7% 63.7% 9.66% 14.2%
1963 30.3% 67% 10.4% 14.1%
1962 30.6% 67.2% 10.8% 15.9%
1961 30.6% 68.2% 9.6% 16.5%
1960 14.9% 66.1% 10.1% 16.6%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1992, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/philippines | CC BY

In 2024, Canada's government spending was $1T, accounting for 44.7% of its GDP, while the Philippines spent $115B, or 24.9% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 111.3% in Canada and 56.6% in the Philippines, ranking 15/185 and 93/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Canada

Philippines
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Canada Philippines
2024 -2.01% -3.78%
2023 0.07% -4.38%
2022 0.56% -5.48%
2021 -3.06% -6.23%
2020 -10.9% -5.55%
2019 -0.02% -1.5%
2018 0.36% -1.48%
2017 -0.11% -0.75%
2016 -0.45% -0.74%
2015 -0.06% 0.14%
2014 0.17% 1.32%
2013 -1.49% 0.37%
2012 -2.52% -0.22%
2011 -3.31% -0.38%
2010 -4.74% -2.25%
2009 -3.88% -2.57%
2008 0.18% 0.02%
2007 1.82% -0.28%
2006 1.83% -0.05%
2005 1.55% -1.62%
2004 0.77% -2.81%
2003 -0.13% -3.49%
2002 -0.23% -3.71%
2001 0.53% -3.49%
2000 2.64% -3.27%
1999 1.66% -2.29%
1998 0.14% -1.31%
1997 0.04% 0.37%
1996 -3.05% 0.54%
1995 -5.49% -0.02%
1994 -6.94% -0.44%
1993 -8.93% 0.63%
1992 -9.2% -0.43%
1991 -8.36% -0.26%
1990 -5.91% -1.52%
1989 -4.6% -1.64%
1988 -4.33% -2.71%
1987 -5.42% -1.06%
1986 -7.14% -0.55%
1985 -8.59% 0.71%
1984 -7.78% 0.64%
1983 -8.17% 0.1%
1982 -7.03% -0.88%
1981 -2.83% -1.09%
1980 -4.07% 0.56%
1979 -3.41% 1.54%
1978 -4.77% 0.05%
1977 -4.1% -0.42%
1976 -2.78% -0.55%
1975 -3.54% 0.13%
1974 1.1% 5.94%
1973 0.6% 2.49%
1972 -0.97% 3.39%
1971 -1.02% -0.96%
1970 -0.36% -0.31%
1969 1.2% -2.67%
1968 -0.45% -2.33%
1967 -0.82% -1.35%
1966 -0.07% -0.74%
1965 -0.25% -1.53%
1964 -0.68% -0.99%
1963 -2.31% -0.68%
1962 -2.6% -0.43%
1961 -2.75% -0.29%
1960 -0.85% -1.06%
1959 -1.08% -0.15%
1958 -1.69% -0.21%
1957 -0.11% -0.56%
1956 0.77% -0.77%
1955 -0.11% -1.3%
1954 -0.57% -0.79%
1953 0.3% -0.88%
1952 0.09% 0.49%
1951 1.1% 1.5%
1950 1.09% -0.19%
1949 0.78% -2.33%
1948 3.84% -0.65%
1947 5.02% 0.05%
1946 3.14% -2.54%
1945 -17.9% -
1944 -21.6% -
1943 -23.1% -
1942 -20.8% -
1941 -4.79% -
1940 -5.62% -
1939 -2.11% -
1938 -0.97% -
1937 -0.34% -
1936 -1.68% -
1935 -3.72% -
1934 -2.93% -
1933 -3.83% -
1932 -5.79% -
1931 -2.43% -
1930 -1.47% -
1929 0.78% -
1928 1.12% -
1927 0.92% -
1926 0.81% -
1925 0.55% -
1924 0.007% -
1923 0.79% -
1922 -0.75% -
1921 -2% -
1920 -1.82% -
1919 -8.94% -
1918 -8.98% -
1917 -7.83% -
1916 -8.14% -
1915 -6.17% -
1914 -4.63% -
1913 -0.82% -
1912 1.03% -
1911 0.004% -
1910 -0.18% -
1909 -0.67% -
1908 -2.78% -
1907 -0.83% -
1906 0.22% -
1905 -0.07% -
1904 -0.44% -
1903 0.07% -
1902 0.91% -
1901 -0.34% -
1900 -0.33% -
1899 0.1% -
1898 -0.3% -
1897 -0.35% -
1896 -0.48% -
1895 -0.85% -
1894 -1.06% -
1893 -0.66% -
1892 -0.07% -
1891 3.23% -
1890 -0.04% -
1889 0% -
1888 -0.48% -
1887 -1.18% -
1886 -0.73% -
1885 -4.82% -
1884 -2.43% -
1883 -3.88% -
1882 -0.78% -
1881 0.32% -
1880 -0.62% -
1879 -2.11% -
1878 -0.63% -
1877 -1.63% -
1876 -2.06% -
1875 -1.88% -
1874 -1.57% -
1873 -1.74% -
1872 -3.93% -
1871 -1.09% -
1870 0.13% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1870–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/philippines | CC BY

In 2024, Canada's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $45.2B, equivalent to 2.01% of GDP. This compares to the Philippines' deficit of $17.5B, or 3.78% of GDP.

Over the past 65 years, Canada recorded a fiscal deficit in 48 of those years, while the Philippines ran a deficit in 48 years. On average, Canada posted an annual deficit equal to 2.42% of GDP, compared to deficit of 0.98% of GDP for the Philippines.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Canada

Philippines
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Canada Philippines
2024 2.38% 3.21%
2023 3.88% 5.98%
2022 6.8% 5.82%
2021 3.4% 3.93%
2020 0.72% 2.39%
2019 1.95% 2.39%
2018 2.27% 5.31%
2017 1.6% 2.85%
2016 1.43% 1.25%
2015 1.13% 0.67%
2014 1.91% 3.6%
2013 0.94% 2.58%
2012 1.52% 3.03%
2011 2.91% 4.72%
2010 1.78% 3.79%
2009 0.3% 4.22%
2008 2.37% 8.26%
2007 2.14% 2.9%
2006 2% 5.49%
2005 2.21% 6.52%
2004 1.86% 4.83%
2003 2.76% 2.29%
2002 2.26% 2.72%
2001 2.53% 5.35%
2000 2.72% 3.98%
1999 1.73% 5.94%
1998 1% 9.23%
1997 1.62% 5.59%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/philippines | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Canada has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.15%, compared with 4.24% in the Philippines. In 2024, inflation was 2.38% in Canada and 3.21% in the Philippines.

Top exports between countries

Canada
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $285M
Transport & tourism services $253M
Animal & marine products $241M
Raw agricultural goods $139M
Machinery & equipment $116M
Wood & paper products $95.5M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $51.4M
Chemicals & pharma $31.6M
Government & miscellaneous services $31.1M
Miscellaneous $23.5M
Philippines
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $250M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $104M
Metals $60.6M
Textiles & consumer goods $48.8M
Raw agricultural goods $29.8M
Chemicals & pharma $17.8M
Animal & marine products $14.5M
Raw materials & minerals $11.8M
Precious metals & jewellery $6.44M
Wood & paper products $3.29M

Balance of trade

Canada Philippines
Current account balance
-$10.3B
2024
-$18.3B
2024
Current account balance ranking
177/190
2024
183/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-0.46%
2024
-3.96%
2024
Goods imports
$574B
2024
$124B
2024
Goods exports
$569B
2024
$55.1B
2024
Service imports
$160B
2024
$37.6B
2024
Service exports
$159B
2024
$51.6B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
32.7%
2024
40.1%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
32.4%
2024
25.8%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Canada Philippines
Economic freedom 75.6 62.9
Economic freedom ranking 17/197 85/197
Property rights 85.9 45.8
Government integrity 85.5 35.4
Judicial effectiveness 96 41.8
Tax burden 74.7 78.3
Government spending 45.9 81
Fiscal health 79.7 60.5
Business freedom 84.2 69.2
Labor freedom 68.3 57.8
Monetary freedom 73.8 72.1
Trade freedom 83.2 83
Investment freedom 60 70
Financial freedom 70 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Canada
Philippines
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Canada Philippines
2026 75.6 62.9
2025 75.5 60.6
2024 72.4 59
2023 73.7 59.3
2022 76.6 61.1
2021 77.9 64.1
2020 78.2 64.5
2019 77.7 63.8
2018 77.7 65
2017 78.5 65.6
2016 78 63.1
2015 79.1 62.2
2014 80.2 60.1
2013 79.4 58.2
2012 79.9 57.1
2011 80.8 56.2
2010 80.4 56.3
2009 80.5 56.8
2008 80.2 56
2007 78 56
2006 77.4 56.3
2005 75.8 54.7
2004 75.3 59.1
2003 74.8 61.3
2002 74.6 60.7
2001 71.2 60.9
2000 70.5 62.5
1999 69.3 61.9
1998 68.5 62.8
1997 67.9 62.2
1996 70.3 60.2
1995 69.4 55

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/philippines | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Canada is 75.6, ranking 17/197, compared to 62.9 for the Philippines, ranking 85/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Canada Philippines
Services, % of GDP
66.4%
2021
63.2%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
25.3%
2021
27.7%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.6%
2021
9.08%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$2.2T
2024
$518B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$63,630
2024
$13,330
2024
Total reserves including gold
$120B
2024
$106B
2024
Total reserves ranking
23/177
2024
27/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$27.8B
2024
-$6.57B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$63.1B
2024
$9.44B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$89.4B
2024
$2.87B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
3.45%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
9.4%
2020
15.5%
2023
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.2%
2024
23.7%
2024

GDP per capita map

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Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/philippines | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1870–1992, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2021–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-02-20)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.