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Economy of Philippines vs South Africa compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

The Philippines has a GDP of $487B compared to $427B for South Africa, ranking 34/197 and 40/197 by economy size, respectively.

The Philippines has $289B in government debt (59.4% of GDP), compared to $336B (78.6% of GDP) in South Africa.

Philippines vs South Africa GDP by year

Philippines
South Africa
1x
Year GDP, current $
Philippines South Africa
2025 $487,086,123,720 $427,184,325,997
2024 $461,671,157,905 $401,144,998,374
2023 $437,055,627,245 $381,440,724,491
2022 $404,353,369,605 $407,596,043,068
2021 $394,087,359,848 $419,986,284,375
2020 $361,751,145,452 $337,974,655,408
2019 $376,823,402,239 $389,330,032,224
2018 $346,841,896,587 $405,260,723,893
2017 $328,480,736,803 $381,448,814,653
2016 $318,627,003,017 $323,585,509,674
2015 $306,445,871,242 $346,709,790,459
2014 $297,483,555,338 $381,198,869,776
2013 $283,902,828,589 $400,886,013,596
2012 $261,920,540,963 $434,400,545,086
2011 $234,216,730,291 $458,199,494,831
2010 $208,368,893,151 $417,363,822,802
2009 $175,974,755,881 $329,754,060,647
2008 $181,624,626,327 $316,131,258,616
2007 $155,980,408,673 $333,077,117,254
2006 $127,652,926,368 $303,858,675,364
2005 $107,419,977,318 $288,867,217,197
2004 $95,001,999,685 $255,806,908,595
2003 $87,039,092,974 $197,018,965,309
2002 $84,307,345,888 $129,087,556,612
2001 $78,921,234,458 $135,429,905,923
2000 $83,669,788,377 $151,752,757,215
1999 $85,640,171,045 $151,516,957,079
1998 $74,492,416,330 $152,982,984,557
1997 $94,106,317,565 $168,978,057,328
1996 $94,648,084,429 $163,234,925,381
1995 $84,644,328,727 $171,735,933,897
1994 $73,159,336,915 $153,512,712,382
1993 $62,036,529,147 $147,194,747,566
1992 $60,422,328,242 $146,956,150,987
1991 $51,784,144,943 $135,203,698,238
1990 $50,508,286,642 $126,048,140,142
1989 $48,513,773,721 $108,055,624,082
1988 $43,152,128,959 $103,976,831,871
1987 $37,791,488,666 $96,535,763,418
1986 $33,987,207,295 $73,354,771,399
1985 $34,961,486,348 $64,459,376,087
1984 $35,730,185,634 $84,870,163,366
1983 $37,759,179,895 $96,204,110,942
1982 $42,206,011,275 $85,904,057,409
1981 $40,499,388,869 $93,141,472,164
1980 $36,848,080,899 $89,411,864,402
1979 $31,218,296,292 $63,038,658,089
1978 $25,762,224,563 $51,607,412,902
1977 $22,283,109,803 $45,328,411,332
1976 $19,381,055,197 $41,150,460,288
1975 $16,875,240,684 $42,906,905,672
1974 $15,607,882,555 $41,389,186,095
1973 $11,412,449,735 $33,262,772,008
1972 $9,067,815,521 $24,515,919,217
1971 $8,375,075,630 $23,411,076,638
1970 $7,559,115,517 $21,218,391,513
1969 $9,571,800,653 $19,256,992,297
1968 $8,632,749,269 $17,124,793,150
1967 $7,724,873,935 $15,821,393,671
1966 $7,189,017,888 $14,211,394,315
1965 $6,517,349,772 $13,068,994,772
1964 $5,953,756,195 $11,955,995,218
1963 $5,505,023,238 $10,854,195,658
1962 $4,954,593,072 $9,813,996,074
1961 $8,171,194,425 $9,225,996,310
1960 $7,515,894,111 $8,748,596,501

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/philippines/south-africa | CC BY

GDP per capita in Philippines vs South Africa by year

Philippines
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
South Africa
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Philippines South Africa
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $4,171 - $6,598 -
2024 $3,985 $11,794 $6,267 $15,456
2023 $3,804 $10,986 $6,034 $15,200
2022 $3,548 $10,131 $6,534 $14,749
2021 $3,484 $8,858 $6,829 $13,682
2020 $3,228 $8,238 $5,581 $12,671
2019 $3,401 $8,924 $6,534 $13,361
2018 $3,169 $8,358 $6,914 $13,347
2017 $3,038 $7,774 $6,618 $13,738
2016 $2,985 $7,383 $5,651 $13,519
2015 $2,910 $6,894 $6,112 $13,398
2014 $2,867 $6,689 $6,857 $13,359
2013 $2,781 $6,373 $7,332 $13,369
2012 $2,615 $6,094 $8,077 $12,987
2011 $2,384 $5,705 $8,646 $13,143
2010 $2,163 $5,489 $7,973 $12,637
2009 $1,864 $5,157 $6,375 $12,261
2008 $1,959 $5,144 $6,185 $12,525
2007 $1,713 $4,923 $6,592 $12,047
2006 $1,426 $4,579 $6,077 $11,250
2005 $1,220 $4,289 $5,837 $10,441
2004 $1,100 $4,037 $5,221 $9,714
2003 $1,027 $3,761 $4,062 $9,139
2002 $1,015 $3,580 $2,688 $8,792
2001 $970 $3,469 $2,847 $8,428
2000 $1,051 $3,366 $3,218 $8,095
1999 $1,101 $3,229 $3,242 $7,667
1998 $983 $3,160 $3,310 $7,463
1997 $1,273 $3,221 $3,700 $7,433
1996 $1,311 $3,082 $3,618 $7,208
1995 $1,200 $2,926 $3,856 $6,875
1994 $1,060 $2,800 $3,489 $6,611
1993 $919 $2,684 $3,400 $6,375
1992 $917 $2,629 $3,462 $6,275
1991 $804 $2,621 $3,243 $6,383
1990 $804 $2,608 $3,093 $6,382
1989 $792 - $2,727 -
1988 $722 - $2,702 -
1987 $650 - $2,586 -
1986 $600 - $2,027 -
1985 $633 - $1,839 -
1984 $665 - $2,504 -
1983 $723 - $2,938 -
1982 $833 - $2,717 -
1981 $821 - $3,050 -
1980 $767 - $3,029 -
1979 $667 - $2,202 -
1978 $565 - $1,852 -
1977 $502 - $1,671 -
1976 $449 - $1,559 -
1975 $401 - $1,670 -
1974 $379 - $1,656 -
1973 $283.2 - $1,369 -
1972 $230.1 - $1,038 -
1971 $217.4 - $1,020 -
1970 $200.9 - $952 -
1969 $261.1 - $891 -
1968 $242.2 - $817 -
1967 $223.1 - $779 -
1966 $213.8 - $722 -
1965 $199.8 - $685 -
1964 $188.2 - $646 -
1963 $179.5 - $605 -
1962 $166.7 - $563 -
1961 $283.8 - $546 -
1960 $269.5 - $532 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/philippines/south-africa | CC BY

The Philippines' GDP per capita is $4,171, ranking 130/197, compared to $6,598 in South Africa, ranking 109/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), the Philippines ranks 127th at $11,794, while South Africa ranks 112th at $15,456.

Economic indicators

Philippines South Africa
Gross domestic product
$487B
2025
$427B
2025
GDP rank
34/197
2025
40/197
2025
GDP growth
4.4%
2024-2025
1.11%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$4,171
2025
$6,598
2025
GDP per capita rank
130/197
2025
109/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$11,794
2024
$15,456
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
127/197
2024
112/197
2024
Government debt
$289B
2025
$336B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
59.4%
2025
78.6%
2025
Government debt per person
$2,476
2025
$5,189
2025
Government debt per person rank
113/185
2025
84/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$3,163
2026
$4,738
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$232B
2025
$1.4T
2025
Number of millionaires n/a
97,000
2026
Number of billionaires
15
2026
7
2026
Income share by richest 10%
31.6%
2023
42.1%
2022
Income share by poorest 10%
2.9%
2023
1.4%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
24.3%
2025
34.2%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
1.66%
2024-2025
3.21%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
4.75%
2025
7%
2026
Unemployment rate
2.41%
2023
32.3%
2024
Population
118213646
65829368

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Philippines
Spending

Debt
South Africa
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Philippines South Africa
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 24.3% 59.4% 34.2% 78.6%
2024 25.6% 56.6% 33% 76%
2023 24.7% 56.5% 32.5% 73.2%
2022 25.9% 57.4% 31.9% 70.7%
2021 27.2% 57% 32.7% 68.8%
2020 25.9% 51.6% 34.6% 68.9%
2019 21.7% 37% 31.4% 56.1%
2018 20.9% 37.1% 30.2% 51.5%
2017 19.5% 38.1% 29.9% 48.6%
2016 19% 37.4% 29.9% 47.1%
2015 17.8% 39.7% 30.2% 45.2%
2014 16.8% 40.3% 29.3% 43.3%
2013 17.3% 43.9% 28.9% 40.4%
2012 17.7% 45.7% 28.6% 37.4%
2011 17.2% 45.4% 28.1% 34.7%
2010 18.3% 47.6% 28.3% 31.2%
2009 19.2% 49.8% 28.5% 27%
2008 17.9% 50% 26% 24%
2007 18.2% 50.2% 24.4% 24.3%
2006 18.3% 57.2% 24.7% 28%
2005 18.7% 64.7% 25.1% 29.6%
2004 19.4% 71.1% 22.7% 30.7%
2003 20.4% 71.4% 22.6% 31.5%
2002 20.6% 65.2% 22.2% 31.8%
2001 21% 59.5% 22.6% 38%
2000 20.8% 59.2% 22.6% 37.9%
1999 20.7% 54.2% 26.7% 45.9%
1998 20.3% 50.8% 27.1% 45.8%
1997 20.3% 56.9% 27.9% 45.8%
1996 19.6% 53.1% 28.5% 44.3%
1995 19.1% 60.8% 27.2% 47%
1994 19.7% 63.6% 31.3% 46.4%
1993 17.6% 73.9% 29.1% 39.8%
1992 18.4% 53.9% 29.8% 34.8%
1991 18% 55.6% 27.8% 34.7%
1990 18.8% 56.2% 28.7% 31.8%
1989 15.7% 55.2% 29.6% 33.3%
1988 15.9% 69% 23.9% 30.6%
1987 15.7% 79.2% 28% 33.5%
1986 13.5% 77.7% 27.8% 32.5%
1985 11.3% 53.1% 26.8% 26.3%
1984 10.1% 45.8% 25.2% 23.2%
1983 12.2% 43.1% 25.1% 28.7%
1982 12.8% 32.9% 23.8% 31.3%
1981 13.7% 27.6% 23.3% 27.4%
1980 13.4% 24.8% 21.8% 33.3%
1979 11.9% 22.5% 26.5% 41.9%
1978 13.3% 23.1% 26.8% 44.7%
1977 13.3% 19.8% 27.3% 45.3%
1976 13.8% 16.8% 23% 35%
1975 15.1% 13% 21.2% 32.8%
1974 10.7% 13.4% 19.1% 33.7%
1973 14% 11.5% 21% 38.2%
1972 13.4% 14.2% 22.9% 41.1%
1971 11.2% 14.8% 19.9% 41.1%
1970 10.4% 16.8% 20% 43.3%
1969 11.5% 16.4% 18.8% 44.4%
1968 11.2% 15.7% 19.4% 42.7%
1967 10.2% 15.4% 18.8% 41.1%
1966 9.77% 14.4% 18.3% 41.4%
1965 9.48% 15% 18.2% 42.7%
1964 9.66% 14.2% 11.3% 30%
1963 10.4% 14.1% 15.9% 43.4%
1962 10.8% 15.9% 15.9% 45.7%
1961 9.6% 16.5% 15.7% 52.8%
1960 10.1% 16.6% 16.7% 52.9%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1999, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/philippines/south-africa | CC BY

In 2025, the Philippines' government spending was $118B, accounting for 24.3% of its GDP, while South Africa spent $146B, or 34.2% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 59.4% in the Philippines and 78.6% in South Africa, ranking 79/185 and 46/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Philippines

South Africa
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Philippines South Africa
2025 -3.97% -5.78%
2024 -4.44% -5.67%
2023 -4.38% -5.6%
2022 -5.48% -4.25%
2021 -6.23% -5.54%
2020 -5.55% -9.62%
2019 -1.5% -5.07%
2018 -1.48% -3.73%
2017 -0.75% -4.02%
2016 -0.74% -3.72%
2015 0.14% -4.37%
2014 1.32% -3.93%
2013 0.37% -3.9%
2012 -0.22% -4.04%
2011 -0.38% -3.7%
2010 -2.25% -4.51%
2009 -2.57% -4.67%
2008 0.02% -0.49%
2007 -0.28% 1.22%
2006 -0.05% 0.81%
2005 -1.62% -0.1%
2004 -2.81% -1.04%
2003 -3.49% -1.59%
2002 -3.71% -0.96%
2001 -3.49% -1.02%
2000 -3.27% -1.38%
1999 -2.29% -2.21%
1998 -1.31% -2.56%
1997 0.37% -4.08%
1996 0.54% -4.53%
1995 -0.02% -4.38%
1994 -0.44% -8.09%
1993 0.63% -8.54%
1992 -0.43% -7.09%
1991 -0.26% -4.85%
1990 -1.52% -3.82%
1989 -1.64% -8.3%
1988 -2.71% -3.29%
1987 -1.06% -6.36%
1986 -0.55% -5.69%
1985 0.71% -4.86%
1984 0.64% -5.24%
1983 0.1% -5.3%
1982 -0.88% -3.88%
1981 -1.09% -3.72%
1980 0.56% -1.91%
1979 1.54% -4.65%
1978 0.05% -5.42%
1977 -0.42% -5.52%
1976 -0.55% -4.19%
1975 0.13% -2.62%
1974 5.94% -1.5%
1973 2.49% -4.54%
1972 3.39% -5.39%
1971 -0.96% -1.96%
1970 -0.31% -3.19%
1969 -2.67% -3.94%
1968 -2.33% -3.38%
1967 -1.35% -3.8%
1966 -0.74% -3.04%
1965 -1.53% -3.15%
1964 -0.99% -1.19%
1963 -0.68% -2.26%
1962 -0.43% -1.4%
1961 -0.29% -3.25%
1960 -1.06% -2.36%
1959 -0.15% -4.4%
1958 -0.21% -3.5%
1957 -0.56% -2.8%
1956 -0.77% -2.12%
1955 -1.3% -2.9%
1954 -0.79% -2.53%
1953 -0.88% -3.72%
1952 0.49% -4.14%
1951 1.5% -0.4%
1950 -0.19% -2.33%
1949 -2.33% -6.87%
1948 -0.65% -6.03%
1947 0.05% -1.82%
1946 -2.54% -4.03%
1945 - -7.41%
1944 - -8.94%
1943 - -8.49%
1942 - -9.08%
1941 - -7.3%
1940 - -10.9%
1939 - -2.96%
1938 - -3.91%
1937 - -2.16%
1936 - -2.58%
1935 - -3.2%
1934 - -3.29%
1933 - -3.31%
1932 - -4.72%
1931 - -5.31%
1930 - -5.19%
1929 - -4.41%
1928 - -3.29%
1927 - -3.79%
1926 - -4.76%
1925 - -4.92%
1924 - -4.72%
1923 - -5.53%
1922 - -4.51%
1921 - -5.38%
1920 - -5.52%
1919 - -2.6%
1918 - -3.7%
1917 - -3.52%
1916 - -2.57%
1915 - -10.7%
1914 - -11.6%
1913 - -4.15%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1913–1999, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/philippines/south-africa | CC BY

In 2025, the Philippines' government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $19.4B, equivalent to 3.97% of GDP. This compares to South Africa's deficit of $24.7B, or 5.78% of GDP.

Over the past 66 years, the Philippines recorded a fiscal deficit in 49 of those years, while South Africa ran a deficit in 64 years. On average, the Philippines posted an annual deficit equal to 1.03% of GDP, compared to deficit of 3.82% of GDP for South Africa.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Philippines

South Africa
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Philippines South Africa
2025 1.66% 3.21%
2024 3.21% 4.36%
2023 5.98% 6.08%
2022 5.82% 7.04%
2021 3.93% 4.62%
2020 2.39% 3.23%
2019 2.39% 4.1%
2018 5.31% 4.51%
2017 2.85% 5.19%
2016 1.25% 6.6%
2015 0.67% 4.52%
2014 3.6% 6.13%
2013 2.58% 5.78%
2012 3.03% 5.74%
2011 4.72% 5%
2010 3.79% 4.07%
2009 4.22% 7.24%
2008 8.26% 9.91%
2007 2.9% 6.18%
2006 5.49% 3.24%
2005 6.52% 2.06%
2004 4.83% -0.69%
2003 2.29% 5.68%
2002 2.72% 9.49%
2001 5.35% 5.7%
2000 3.98% 5.34%
1999 5.94% 5.18%
1998 9.23% 6.88%
1997 5.59% 8.6%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/philippines/south-africa | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, the Philippines has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 4.16%, compared with 5.34% in South Africa. In 2025, inflation was 1.66% in the Philippines and 3.21% in South Africa.

Top exports between countries

Philippines
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $94.7M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $6.81M
Raw agricultural goods $5.36M
Textiles & consumer goods $4.32M
Chemicals & pharma $2.62M
Precious metals & jewellery $1.14M
Miscellaneous $519K
Raw materials & minerals $389K
Wood & paper products $213K
Metals $118K
South Africa
Export category Export value
Raw agricultural goods $18.3M
Machinery & equipment $12.8M
Wood & paper products $10.6M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $10.6M
Raw materials & minerals $6.73M
Chemicals & pharma $3.93M
Metals $2.71M
Weapons & explosives $1.48M
Miscellaneous $628K
Animal & marine products $347K

Balance of trade

Philippines South Africa
Current account balance
-$16.3B
2025
-$1.81B
2025
Current account balance ranking
181/190
2025
135/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
-3.34%
2025
-0.42%
2025
Goods imports
$130B
2025
$104B
2025
Goods exports
$63.4B
2025
$116B
2025
Service imports
$38.2B
2025
$21.8B
2025
Service exports
$51.5B
2025
$18.1B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
40.2%
2025
29.5%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
26.6%
2025
31.4%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Philippines South Africa
Economic freedom 62.9 58.6
Economic freedom ranking 85/197 110/197
Property rights 45.8 48.8
Government integrity 35.4 46.7
Judicial effectiveness 41.8 64.6
Tax burden 78.3 65.4
Government spending 81 68.4
Fiscal health 60.5 45.3
Business freedom 69.2 67.9
Labor freedom 57.8 70.8
Monetary freedom 72.1 75.8
Trade freedom 83 68.8
Investment freedom 70 40
Financial freedom 60 40

Economic freedom comparison by year

Philippines
South Africa
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Philippines South Africa
2026 62.9 58.6
2025 60.6 57.3
2024 59 55.3
2023 59.3 55.7
2022 61.1 56.2
2021 64.1 59.7
2020 64.5 58.8
2019 63.8 58.3
2018 65 63
2017 65.6 62.3
2016 63.1 61.9
2015 62.2 62.6
2014 60.1 62.5
2013 58.2 61.8
2012 57.1 62.7
2011 56.2 62.7
2010 56.3 62.8
2009 56.8 63.8
2008 56 63.4
2007 56 63.5
2006 56.3 63.7
2005 54.7 62.9
2004 59.1 66.3
2003 61.3 67.1
2002 60.7 64
2001 60.9 63.8
2000 62.5 63.7
1999 61.9 63.3
1998 62.8 64.3
1997 62.2 63.2
1996 60.2 62.5
1995 55 60.7

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/philippines/south-africa | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for the Philippines is 62.9, ranking 85/197, compared to 58.6 for South Africa, ranking 110/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Philippines South Africa
Services, % of GDP
64.4%
2025
63.1%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
27%
2025
24.1%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
8.59%
2025
2.83%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$567B
2025
$406B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$14,460
2025
$15,600
2025
Total reserves including gold
$111B
2025
$76B
2025
Total reserves ranking
28/177
2025
35/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$6.19B
2025
-$1.85B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$9.4B
2024
$2.33B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$2.7B
2024
-$1.26B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
3.45%
2024
5.74%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
15.5%
2023
37.9%
2022
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
22.1%
2025
13.9%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1913–1999, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2024–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.