Burundi ranked 169/197 by economy size with a GDP of $3.08B and 197/197 by GDP per capita at $219.4. Burundi has $1.6B in government debt, with a debt-to-GDP ratio of 52%.
In 2024, Burundi made up 0.003% of the world's economy, compared to 0.01% in 1960.
Burundi GDP & GDP growth by year
| Year | GDP | GDP growth |
|---|---|---|
| 2024 | $3,082,433,067 | 4.11% |
| 2023 | $3,430,949,250 | 3.25% |
| 2022 | $4,036,192,553 | 2.32% |
| 2021 | $3,435,598,073 | 3.24% |
| 2020 | $3,227,847,281 | 0.31% |
| 2019 | $2,871,555,326 | 4.46% |
| 2018 | $2,913,411,408 | 5.34% |
| 2017 | $2,831,362,208 | 3.83% |
| 2016 | $2,618,093,125 | 3.2% |
| 2015 | $2,810,532,912 | -0.4% |
| 2014 | $2,705,826,648 | 4.24% |
| 2013 | $2,451,624,638 | 4.92% |
| 2012 | $2,327,402,363 | 4.42% |
| 2011 | $2,235,812,880 | 4.02% |
| 2010 | $2,032,135,192 | 5.09% |
| 2009 | $1,775,495,032 | 3.79% |
| 2008 | $1,611,835,857 | 4.91% |
| 2007 | $1,356,199,387 | 3.44% |
| 2006 | $1,273,375,078 | 5.41% |
| 2005 | $1,117,113,080 | 0.9% |
| 2004 | $915,257,323 | 4.83% |
| 2003 | $784,654,424 | -1.22% |
| 2002 | $825,394,519 | 4.45% |
| 2001 | $876,794,723 | 2.06% |
| 2000 | $870,486,066 | -0.86% |
| 1999 | $808,077,223 | -1.01% |
| 1998 | $893,770,740 | 4.75% |
| 1997 | $972,896,268 | -1.59% |
| 1996 | $869,033,856 | -8% |
| 1995 | $1,000,428,394 | -7.92% |
| 1994 | $925,030,590 | -3.83% |
| 1993 | $938,632,612 | -6.24% |
| 1992 | $1,083,037,671 | 1.01% |
| 1991 | $1,167,398,478 | 5% |
| 1990 | $1,132,101,253 | 3.5% |
| 1989 | $1,113,924,130 | 1.35% |
| 1988 | $1,082,403,219 | 5.03% |
| 1987 | $1,131,466,494 | 5.5% |
| 1986 | $1,201,725,497 | 3.25% |
| 1985 | $1,149,979,286 | 11.8% |
| 1984 | $987,143,931 | 0.16% |
| 1983 | $1,082,926,304 | 3.72% |
| 1982 | $1,013,222,222 | -1.05% |
| 1981 | $969,046,667 | 12.2% |
| 1980 | $919,726,667 | 0.99% |
| 1979 | $782,496,667 | 1.66% |
| 1978 | $610,225,556 | -0.94% |
| 1977 | $547,535,556 | 11.5% |
| 1976 | $448,412,754 | 7.94% |
| 1975 | $420,986,667 | 0.7% |
| 1974 | $345,263,492 | -0.73% |
| 1973 | $304,339,524 | 6.89% |
| 1972 | $246,804,571 | -6.4% |
| 1971 | $252,842,286 | 2.75% |
| 1970 | $242,732,571 | 21.3% |
| 1969 | $190,205,714 | -1.46% |
| 1968 | $183,200,000 | -0.3% |
| 1967 | $178,297,143 | 13.8% |
| 1966 | $165,444,571 | 4.61% |
| 1965 | $158,994,963 | 3.97% |
| 1964 | $260,750,008 | 6.27% |
| 1963 | $232,749,998 | 4.14% |
| 1962 | $213,500,006 | 9.06% |
| 1961 | $202,999,992 | -13.7% |
| 1960 | $195,999,990 | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/economy/burundi | CC BY 
Burundi GDP per capita by year
| Year | Current $ | |
|---|---|---|
| GDP per capita | GDP per capita, PPP | |
| 2024 | $219.4 | $1,195 |
| 2023 | $250.6 | $1,150 |
| 2022 | $303 | $1,105 |
| 2021 | $265 | $1,036 |
| 2020 | $255.8 | $958 |
| 2019 | $234.3 | $868 |
| 2018 | $245.7 | $823 |
| 2017 | $246.1 | $791 |
| 2016 | $232.9 | $764 |
| 2015 | $254.4 | $722 |
| 2014 | $250.5 | $724 |
| 2013 | $234.8 | $687 |
| 2012 | $231.1 | $637 |
| 2011 | $230.1 | $629 |
| 2010 | $216.7 | $614 |
| 2009 | $198.4 | $605 |
| 2008 | $189.5 | $609 |
| 2007 | $166.2 | $594 |
| 2006 | $161.9 | $580 |
| 2005 | $147.2 | $553 |
| 2004 | $125.2 | $552 |
| 2003 | $111.4 | $532 |
| 2002 | $121 | $545 |
| 2001 | $132.2 | $528 |
| 2000 | $134.5 | $519 |
| 1999 | $127.5 | $523 |
| 1998 | $144.5 | $533 |
| 1997 | $160.3 | $513 |
| 1996 | $143.2 | $513 |
| 1995 | $164.9 | $548 |
| 1994 | $161.9 | $619 |
| 1993 | $165.3 | $634 |
| 1992 | $184.9 | $640 |
| 1991 | $204.7 | $636 |
| 1990 | $202.6 | $598 |
| 1989 | $203.6 | - |
| 1988 | $201.7 | - |
| 1987 | $215.6 | - |
| 1986 | $234.3 | - |
| 1985 | $228.4 | - |
| 1984 | $200.4 | - |
| 1983 | $225.2 | - |
| 1982 | $216.4 | - |
| 1981 | $212.2 | - |
| 1980 | $209.8 | - |
| 1979 | $186.2 | - |
| 1978 | $148.8 | - |
| 1977 | $137.4 | - |
| 1976 | $115.5 | - |
| 1975 | $110.9 | - |
| 1974 | $93.2 | - |
| 1973 | $84.3 | - |
| 1972 | $68.2 | - |
| 1971 | $69.9 | - |
| 1970 | $68.8 | - |
| 1969 | $55.1 | - |
| 1968 | $54.2 | - |
| 1967 | $54 | - |
| 1966 | $51.4 | - |
| 1965 | $50.6 | - |
| 1964 | $85.3 | - |
| 1963 | $78.4 | - |
| 1962 | $73.4 | - |
| 1961 | $71.6 | - |
| 1960 | $70.9 | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/economy/burundi | CC BY
Burundi has a GDP per capita of $219.4, ranking 197/197, a GDP per capita based on purchasing power parity (PPP) of $1,195, ranking 196/197, and a median annual after tax income of $1,228, ranking 188/197.
Burundi GDP rankings by year
| Year | Rank | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| GDP | GDP per capita | GDP per capita, PPP | |
| 2024 | 161 | 182 | 178 |
| 2023 | 164 | 192 | 187 |
| 2022 | 160 | 192 | 187 |
| 2021 | 162 | 192 | 187 |
| 2020 | 161 | 193 | 187 |
| 2019 | 166 | 193 | 187 |
| 2018 | 167 | 194 | 187 |
| 2017 | 166 | 194 | 188 |
| 2016 | 166 | 194 | 188 |
| 2015 | 166 | 195 | 191 |
| 2014 | 167 | 195 | 190 |
| 2013 | 167 | 195 | 192 |
| 2012 | 169 | 195 | 191 |
| 2011 | 169 | 196 | 193 |
| 2010 | 168 | 196 | 192 |
| 2009 | 170 | 196 | 193 |
| 2008 | 171 | 195 | 193 |
| 2007 | 171 | 194 | 192 |
| 2006 | 169 | 194 | 192 |
| 2005 | 168 | 193 | 191 |
| 2004 | 171 | 193 | 191 |
| 2003 | 170 | 193 | 190 |
| 2002 | 168 | 192 | 189 |
| 2001 | 166 | 192 | 189 |
| 2000 | 166 | 192 | 188 |
| 1999 | 164 | 189 | 186 |
| 1998 | 160 | 188 | 181 |
| 1997 | 156 | 186 | 180 |
| 1996 | 158 | 186 | 178 |
| 1995 | 157 | 185 | 177 |
| 1994 | 151 | 180 | 174 |
| 1993 | 151 | 182 | 173 |
| 1992 | 147 | 175 | 173 |
| 1991 | 145 | 174 | 172 |
| 1990 | 145 | 173 | 171 |
| 1989 | 131 | 159 | - |
| 1988 | 132 | 162 | - |
| 1987 | 127 | 157 | - |
| 1986 | 120 | 148 | - |
| 1985 | 113 | 147 | - |
| 1984 | 122 | 148 | - |
| 1983 | 118 | 146 | - |
| 1982 | 120 | 145 | - |
| 1981 | 120 | 148 | - |
| 1980 | 121 | 147 | - |
| 1979 | 116 | 140 | - |
| 1978 | 117 | 142 | - |
| 1977 | 116 | 140 | - |
| 1976 | 119 | 141 | - |
| 1975 | 118 | 142 | - |
| 1974 | 115 | 136 | - |
| 1973 | 115 | 137 | - |
| 1972 | 115 | 138 | - |
| 1971 | 112 | 136 | - |
| 1970 | 112 | 136 | - |
| 1969 | 106 | 118 | - |
| 1968 | 107 | 119 | - |
| 1967 | 104 | 116 | - |
| 1966 | 102 | 115 | - |
| 1965 | 101 | 114 | - |
| 1964 | 91 | 102 | - |
| 1963 | 92 | 103 | - |
| 1962 | 90 | 103 | - |
| 1961 | 89 | 102 | - |
| 1960 | 88 | 99 | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/economy/burundi | CC BY
Compared with 2000, in 2024 Burundi is ranked 161st out of 182 by GDP (up from 166th), 182nd by GDP per capita (up from 192nd), and 178th by GDP per capita PPP (up from 188th).
Economic indicators
Burundi
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Gross domestic product |
$3.08B
2024 |
169/197 |
| GDP growth |
4.11%
2023-2024 |
59/194 |
| GDP per capita |
$219.4
2024 |
197/197 |
| GDP per capita, PPP |
$1,195
2024 |
196/197 |
| Government debt |
$1.6B
2024 |
163/185 |
| Debt-to-GDP ratio |
52%
2024 |
101/185 |
| Government debt per person |
$114.1
2024 |
184/185 |
| Average annual personal income after taxes |
$1,228
2026 |
188/197 |
| Income share by richest 10% |
29.9%
2020 |
61/169 |
| Income share by poorest 10% |
2.9%
2020 |
67/169 |
| Government expenditure, % of GDP |
22.3%
2024 |
138/195 |
| Consumer prices inflation |
20.2%
2023-2024 |
20/195 |
| Unemployment rate |
1.03%
2020 |
190/196 |
| Population |
14833763
|
78/197 |
Government spending, deficit, and debt by year
| Year | % of GDP | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Government spending | Government debt | Government deficit/surplus | |
| 2024 | 22.3% | 52% | -4.84% |
| 2023 | 28.4% | 58.1% | -7.7% |
| 2022 | 33.5% | 68.5% | -10.7% |
| 2021 | 28.4% | 66.5% | -4.6% |
| 2020 | 29.2% | 65.9% | -6.58% |
| 2019 | 28.8% | 60.1% | -6.4% |
| 2018 | 26% | 53% | -6.66% |
| 2017 | 24.1% | 46.9% | -5.01% |
| 2016 | 22.6% | 46.1% | -7.11% |
| 2015 | 23.2% | 39.9% | -7.56% |
| 2014 | 28.5% | 38% | -3.93% |
| 2013 | 34.8% | 37.9% | -1.9% |
| 2012 | 37.5% | 41.4% | -3.79% |
| 2011 | 42.2% | 42.7% | -3.49% |
| 2010 | 40.8% | 46.9% | -3.64% |
| 2009 | 38% | 25.7% | -5.14% |
| 2008 | 41.2% | 102.5% | -2.7% |
| 2007 | 39% | 129.6% | -2.51% |
| 2006 | 36.5% | 130.3% | -9.92% |
| 2005 | 33.1% | 137% | -10.6% |
| 2004 | 39.2% | 166.1% | -14.9% |
| 2003 | 33.9% | 159.9% | -13.7% |
| 2002 | 21.9% | 144.8% | -4.9% |
| 2001 | 22.7% | 113.6% | -7.78% |
| 2000 | 21.7% | 120% | -5.66% |
| 1999 | 20.5% | 140.6% | -5.33% |
| 1998 | 19.9% | 138.9% | -4.43% |
| 1997 | 18.8% | 122.8% | -4.48% |
| 1996 | 24.4% | 139.4% | -8.61% |
| 1995 | 22.1% | 117.1% | -3.72% |
| 1994 | 19.4% | 119.6% | -1.76% |
| 1993 | 24% | 112% | -1.22% |
| 1992 | 26.1% | 93.5% | -4.16% |
| 1991 | 19.2% | - | 4.14% |
| 1990 | 17.4% | - | 8.14% |
Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1992–1999, retrieved 2026-02-20).
GeoRank.org/economy/burundi | CC BY
This chart shows Burundi's government spending, budget balance, and debt over time, each expressed as a share of GDP.
Over the past 35 years, Burundi recorded a fiscal deficit in 33 of them, with an average annual deficit equal to 5.23% of GDP. In 2024, government spending reached $689M (22.3% of GDP), with a deficit of 4.84%.
The national debt reached $1.6B, ranking 163rd out of 185 countries by total size, with a debt-to-GDP ratio of 52%, ranking 101st.
Inflation rate by year
| Year | Inflation |
|---|---|
| 2024 | 20.2% |
| 2023 | 26.9% |
| 2022 | 18.8% |
| 2021 | 8.4% |
| 2020 | 7.32% |
| 2019 | -0.69% |
| 2018 | -2.81% |
| 2017 | 16.1% |
| 2016 | 5.56% |
| 2015 | 5.54% |
| 2014 | 4.41% |
| 2013 | 7.94% |
| 2012 | 18.2% |
| 2011 | 9.59% |
| 2010 | 6.49% |
| 2009 | 10.6% |
| 2008 | 24.4% |
| 2007 | 8.41% |
| 2006 | 2.75% |
| 2005 | 13.3% |
| 2004 | 8.18% |
| 2003 | 10.6% |
| 2002 | -1.37% |
| 2001 | 9.3% |
| 2000 | 24.4% |
| 1999 | 3.39% |
| 1998 | 12.5% |
| 1997 | 31.1% |
| 1996 | 26.4% |
| 1995 | 19.3% |
| 1994 | 14.9% |
| 1993 | 9.68% |
| 1992 | 1.82% |
| 1991 | 9% |
| 1990 | 7% |
| 1989 | 11.7% |
| 1988 | 4.49% |
| 1987 | 7.11% |
| 1986 | 1.68% |
| 1985 | 3.8% |
| 1984 | 14.3% |
| 1983 | 8.15% |
| 1982 | 5.87% |
| 1981 | 12.2% |
| 1980 | 2.5% |
| 1979 | 36.5% |
| 1978 | 23.9% |
| 1977 | 6.83% |
| 1976 | 6.86% |
| 1975 | 15.7% |
| 1974 | 15.7% |
| 1973 | 6.01% |
| 1972 | 3.83% |
| 1971 | 3.85% |
| 1970 | -0.2% |
| 1969 | 4.02% |
| 1968 | 6.06% |
| 1967 | -1.09% |
| 1966 | 4.44% |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1966–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/economy/burundi | CC BY
Over the past 20 years, Burundi has had an average annual inflation rate of 10.6%. In 2024, inflation was 20.2%. The bar chart above shows consumer price inflation by year.
Balance of trade
|
Burundi
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
|
Current account balance
|
-$475M
2024 |
105/190 |
| Current account balance, % of GDP |
-15.4%
2024 |
172/190 |
| Goods imports |
$959M
2024 |
166/189 |
| Goods exports |
$230M
2024 |
167/189 |
| Service imports |
$361M
2024 |
166/189 |
| Service exports |
$121M
2024 |
169/189 |
| Imports of goods and services, % of GDP |
24.4%
2023 |
149/181 |
| Exports of goods and services, % of GDP |
5.29%
2023 |
191/193 |
Burundi top 10 trading partners
Burundi's biggest trading partner accounting for 17.8% of all exports and imports is the United Arab Emirates, with a trade balance between the two of -$158M: Burundi exports $48.6M worth of goods and services to the United Arab Emirates and imports $207M.
Below is the list of the top 10 trade partners of Burundi.
| Rank | Country | Trade value | Share of total trade | Export to | Import from | Top export to | Top import from |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
UAE
|
$256M | 17.8% | $48.6M | $207M | Precious metals & jewellery | Raw materials & minerals |
| 2 |
China
|
$213M | 14.8% | $9.56M | $203M | Raw agricultural goods | Machinery & equipment |
| 3 |
Tanzania
|
$140M | 9.72% | $7.28M | $132M | Raw agricultural goods | Raw materials & minerals |
| 4 |
Saudi Arabia
|
$114M | 7.94% | $61K | $114M | Raw agricultural goods | Raw materials & minerals |
| 5 |
India
|
$108M | 7.52% | $716K | $107M | Chemicals & pharma | Chemicals & pharma |
| 6 |
DR Congo
|
$72.2M | 5.03% | $49.2M | $23.1M | Processed food, beverages & tobacco | Raw materials & minerals |
| 7 |
Uganda
|
$67.1M | 4.67% | $1.26M | $65.8M | Raw agricultural goods | Processed food, beverages & tobacco |
| 8 |
Kenya
|
$51.1M | 3.56% | $2M | $49.1M | Raw agricultural goods | Metals |
| 9 |
Japan
|
$43.5M | 3.03% | $257K | $43.3M | Raw agricultural goods | Machinery & equipment |
| 10 |
Belgium
|
$40.4M | 2.81% | $6.03M | $34.3M | Raw agricultural goods | Raw agricultural goods |
Top 10 exports
|
Burundi
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Government & miscellaneous services | $68.4M | 87/180 |
| Raw agricultural goods | $59.9M | 129/193 |
| Precious metals & jewellery | $32.4M | 120/190 |
| Business & finance services | $30.5M | 148/188 |
| Processed food, beverages & tobacco | $28.4M | 149/192 |
| Raw materials & minerals | $27.2M | 159/193 |
| Machinery & equipment | $11.9M | 161/193 |
| Metals | $8.77M | 155/192 |
| Chemicals & pharma | $8.5M | 150/193 |
| Textiles & consumer goods | $6.11M | 150/193 |
Top 10 imports
|
Burundi
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Raw materials & minerals | $403M | 153/193 |
| Machinery & equipment | $265M | 168/193 |
| Transport & tourism services | $216M | 161/188 |
| Chemicals & pharma | $135M | 163/193 |
| Processed food, beverages & tobacco | $126M | 169/193 |
| Raw agricultural goods | $99M | 161/193 |
| Metals | $97.1M | 163/193 |
| Textiles & consumer goods | $93.7M | 165/193 |
| Wood & paper products | $33.1M | 164/193 |
| Business & finance services | $24.5M | 175/188 |
Economic freedom indices
|
Burundi
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Economic freedom | 40.2 | 187/197 |
| Property rights | 27.2 | 149/182 |
| Government integrity | 15.5 | 166/182 |
| Judicial effectiveness | 7.5 | 170/182 |
| Tax burden | 76.1 | 113/182 |
| Government spending | 76.3 | 79/180 |
| Fiscal health | 14.6 | 159/181 |
| Business freedom | 27.2 | 179/182 |
| Labor freedom | 49.9 | 137/182 |
| Monetary freedom | 55.5 | 164/180 |
| Trade freedom | 52.2 | 167/181 |
| Investment freedom | 50 | 104/181 |
| Financial freedom | 30 | 133/181 |
Economic freedom by year
| Year | Index | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Economic freedom | Judicial effectiveness | Tax burden | Government spending | Fiscal health | |
| 2026 | 40.2 | 7.5 | 76.1 | 76.3 | 14.6 |
| 2025 | 39.7 | 7.4 | 76.1 | 71.1 | 12.2 |
| 2024 | 38.4 | 7.1 | 76 | 67.6 | 10.7 |
| 2023 | 41.9 | 12.5 | 76 | 75.6 | 38.6 |
| 2022 | 39.4 | 7.1 | 77.1 | 76.4 | 10.3 |
| 2021 | 49.9 | 32.1 | 77.1 | 79.3 | 32.2 |
| 2020 | 49 | 26.9 | 73.7 | 85.8 | 13.2 |
| 2019 | 48.9 | 31 | 74 | 83.3 | 23.3 |
| 2018 | 50.9 | 21.7 | 71 | 78.6 | 54.8 |
| 2017 | 53.2 | 19.8 | 73.8 | 69.5 | 69.6 |
| 2016 | 53.9 | - | 73.8 | 70.5 | - |
| 2015 | 53.7 | - | 73.5 | 61.3 | - |
| 2014 | 51.4 | - | 73.5 | 51.9 | - |
| 2013 | 49 | - | 71.5 | 22.6 | - |
| 2012 | 48.1 | - | 72.2 | 22.9 | - |
| 2011 | 49.6 | - | 72.3 | 52 | - |
| 2010 | 47.5 | - | 72.2 | 42.7 | - |
| 2009 | 48.8 | - | 72.5 | 55.8 | - |
| 2008 | 46.2 | - | 72.1 | 59.4 | - |
| 2007 | 46.9 | - | 70.1 | 52.5 | - |
| 2006 | 48.7 | - | 70.1 | 62.6 | - |
| 2005 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 2004 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 2003 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 2002 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 2001 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 2000 | 42.6 | - | 44.8 | 83.3 | - |
| 1999 | 41.1 | - | 44.7 | 76.6 | - |
| 1998 | 44.7 | - | 43.7 | 79.6 | - |
| 1997 | 45.4 | - | 43.6 | 81.5 | - |
Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1997–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).
GeoRank.org/economy/burundi | CC BY
Burundi is ranked 168/174 for economic freedom with a score of 40.2, compared to 141/162 and a score of 48.7 in 2006.
Other economic metrics
|
Burundi
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Services, % of GDP |
43.2%
2024 |
165/191 |
| Industry, % of GDP |
17.7%
2024 |
143/194 |
| Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP |
34.9%
2024 |
6/193 |
|
GNI, Atlas method
|
$3.61B
2024 |
165/194 |
| GNI per capita, PPP |
$1,200
2024 |
190/191 |
| Total reserves including gold |
$90.3M
2023 |
174/177 |
|
Net foreign direct investment
|
-$24.8M
2024 |
55/189 |
|
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
|
$33.3M
2024 |
156/193 |
|
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
|
$8.51M
2024 |
119/193 |
|
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
|
1.16%
2024 |
110/121 |
| Poverty at national poverty lines |
51%
2020 |
19/176 |
|
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
|
10%
2023 |
167/178 |
Compare Burundi vs other countries
GDP per capita map
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/burundi | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1997–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- TradeMap (2021–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1992–1999, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.
Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.
A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).
Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.
Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.
Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.
Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.