The United Kingdom ranked 5/197 by economy size with a GDP of $4T and 21/197 by GDP per capita at $57,602. The United Kingdom has $4.1T in government debt, with a debt-to-GDP ratio of 102.3%.
In 2025, the United Kingdom made up 3.38% of the world's economy, compared to 5.35% in 1960.
United Kingdom GDP & GDP growth by year
| Year | GDP | GDP growth |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | $4,002,587,541,846 | 1.39% |
| 2024 | $3,695,539,513,534 | 1.08% |
| 2023 | $3,420,796,653,789 | 0.27% |
| 2022 | $3,181,244,350,465 | 5.15% |
| 2021 | $3,194,559,188,926 | 8.54% |
| 2020 | $2,724,001,478,305 | -10% |
| 2019 | $2,875,710,080,015 | 1.26% |
| 2018 | $2,897,028,009,916 | 1.55% |
| 2017 | $2,699,118,387,873 | 3.02% |
| 2016 | $2,706,807,606,539 | 2.21% |
| 2015 | $2,945,579,890,258 | 2.14% |
| 2014 | $3,085,362,169,410 | 3.16% |
| 2013 | $2,796,908,333,283 | 1.72% |
| 2012 | $2,719,715,961,540 | 1.53% |
| 2011 | $2,675,590,034,129 | 0.85% |
| 2010 | $2,496,740,681,057 | 2.26% |
| 2009 | $2,429,358,155,476 | -4.59% |
| 2008 | $2,945,251,838,235 | -0.05% |
| 2007 | $3,104,699,879,952 | 2.93% |
| 2006 | $2,719,558,417,663 | 2.19% |
| 2005 | $2,551,361,818,182 | 2.79% |
| 2004 | $2,429,774,807,763 | 2.33% |
| 2003 | $2,061,227,755,102 | 3.22% |
| 2002 | $1,790,536,570,743 | 1.71% |
| 2001 | $1,656,171,009,069 | 2.39% |
| 2000 | $1,671,597,821,153 | 4.52% |
| 1999 | $1,693,458,987,219 | 2.94% |
| 1998 | $1,660,821,464,061 | 3.25% |
| 1997 | $1,569,317,288,802 | 4.88% |
| 1996 | $1,425,287,051,482 | 2.61% |
| 1995 | $1,349,094,208,616 | 3.53% |
| 1994 | $1,140,489,745,944 | 4.95% |
| 1993 | $1,061,388,722,256 | 3.49% |
| 1992 | $1,179,659,529,660 | 1.29% |
| 1991 | $1,142,797,178,131 | -1.29% |
| 1990 | $1,093,169,389,205 | 0.78% |
| 1989 | $926,884,816,754 | 2.28% |
| 1988 | $910,122,732,124 | 5.03% |
| 1987 | $745,162,608,269 | 4.56% |
| 1986 | $601,452,653,181 | 4.01% |
| 1985 | $489,285,164,271 | 3.6% |
| 1984 | $461,487,097,632 | 2.67% |
| 1983 | $489,618,008,186 | 3.62% |
| 1982 | $515,048,916,841 | 2.09% |
| 1981 | $540,765,675,241 | -1.32% |
| 1980 | $564,947,710,899 | -2.18% |
| 1979 | $438,994,070,309 | 2.75% |
| 1978 | $335,883,029,722 | 3.4% |
| 1977 | $263,066,457,352 | 2.36% |
| 1976 | $232,614,555,256 | 2.8% |
| 1975 | $241,756,637,168 | -0.68% |
| 1974 | $206,131,369,799 | -1.68% |
| 1973 | $192,537,971,583 | 7.31% |
| 1972 | $169,965,034,965 | 3.63% |
| 1971 | $148,113,896,325 | 2% |
| 1970 | $130,671,946,244 | 2.71% |
| 1969 | $116,464,702,803 | 1.94% |
| 1968 | $107,759,910,068 | 5.47% |
| 1967 | $113,116,888,211 | 2.78% |
| 1966 | $108,572,752,102 | 1.57% |
| 1965 | $101,824,755,079 | 2.13% |
| 1964 | $94,407,558,351 | 5.59% |
| 1963 | $86,561,961,812 | 4.86% |
| 1962 | $81,247,564,157 | 1.1% |
| 1961 | $77,741,965,703 | 2.7% |
| 1960 | $73,233,967,692 | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/united-kingdom | CC BY 
United Kingdom GDP per capita by year
| Year | Current $ | |
|---|---|---|
| GDP per capita | GDP per capita, PPP | |
| 2025 | $57,602 | - |
| 2024 | $53,341 | $62,009 |
| 2023 | $49,920 | $59,911 |
| 2022 | $47,035 | $59,022 |
| 2021 | $47,696 | $51,004 |
| 2020 | $40,815 | $48,230 |
| 2019 | $43,161 | $50,065 |
| 2018 | $43,704 | $47,212 |
| 2017 | $40,918 | $46,113 |
| 2016 | $41,259 | $44,085 |
| 2015 | $45,256 | $42,515 |
| 2014 | $47,747 | $41,267 |
| 2013 | $43,608 | $39,948 |
| 2012 | $42,688 | $38,337 |
| 2011 | $42,296 | $37,224 |
| 2010 | $39,778 | $36,484 |
| 2009 | $39,009 | $35,042 |
| 2008 | $47,652 | $36,745 |
| 2007 | $50,629 | $35,522 |
| 2006 | $44,695 | $34,727 |
| 2005 | $42,240 | $32,726 |
| 2004 | $40,504 | $32,051 |
| 2003 | $34,557 | $30,314 |
| 2002 | $30,159 | $29,089 |
| 2001 | $28,014 | $27,913 |
| 2000 | $28,384 | $26,536 |
| 1999 | $28,858 | $24,494 |
| 1998 | $28,396 | $23,689 |
| 1997 | $26,910 | $23,071 |
| 1996 | $24,503 | $21,947 |
| 1995 | $23,253 | $20,595 |
| 1994 | $19,709 | $19,605 |
| 1993 | $18,389 | $18,336 |
| 1992 | $20,487 | $17,349 |
| 1991 | $19,901 | $16,791 |
| 1990 | $19,095 | $16,505 |
| 1989 | $16,239 | - |
| 1988 | $15,987 | - |
| 1987 | $13,119 | - |
| 1986 | $10,611 | - |
| 1985 | $8,652 | - |
| 1984 | $8,179 | - |
| 1983 | $8,692 | - |
| 1982 | $9,146 | - |
| 1981 | $9,599 | - |
| 1980 | $10,032 | - |
| 1979 | $7,805 | - |
| 1978 | $5,977 | - |
| 1977 | $4,681 | - |
| 1976 | $4,138 | - |
| 1975 | $4,300 | - |
| 1974 | $3,666 | - |
| 1973 | $3,426 | - |
| 1972 | $3,030 | - |
| 1971 | $2,650 | - |
| 1970 | $2,348 | - |
| 1969 | $2,101 | - |
| 1968 | $1,952 | - |
| 1967 | $2,059 | - |
| 1966 | $1,987 | - |
| 1965 | $1,874 | - |
| 1964 | $1,748 | - |
| 1963 | $1,613 | - |
| 1962 | $1,526 | - |
| 1961 | $1,472 | - |
| 1960 | $1,398 | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/united-kingdom | CC BY
The United Kingdom has a GDP per capita of $57,602, ranking 21/197, a GDP per capita based on purchasing power parity (PPP) of $62,009, ranking 32/197, and a median annual after tax income of $43,539, ranking 16/197.
United Kingdom GDP rankings by year
| Year | Rank | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| GDP | GDP per capita | GDP per capita, PPP | |
| 2025 | 5 | 17 | - |
| 2024 | 6 | 21 | 28 |
| 2023 | 6 | 23 | 28 |
| 2022 | 6 | 25 | 26 |
| 2021 | 5 | 24 | 28 |
| 2020 | 5 | 25 | 26 |
| 2019 | 5 | 24 | 28 |
| 2018 | 5 | 23 | 27 |
| 2017 | 5 | 25 | 27 |
| 2016 | 5 | 23 | 26 |
| 2015 | 5 | 16 | 27 |
| 2014 | 5 | 23 | 28 |
| 2013 | 6 | 25 | 28 |
| 2012 | 5 | 26 | 29 |
| 2011 | 6 | 28 | 30 |
| 2010 | 6 | 26 | 28 |
| 2009 | 6 | 24 | 29 |
| 2008 | 5 | 22 | 28 |
| 2007 | 5 | 14 | 28 |
| 2006 | 5 | 15 | 26 |
| 2005 | 4 | 13 | 24 |
| 2004 | 4 | 14 | 23 |
| 2003 | 4 | 14 | 23 |
| 2002 | 4 | 12 | 24 |
| 2001 | 4 | 12 | 26 |
| 2000 | 4 | 13 | 29 |
| 1999 | 4 | 12 | 30 |
| 1998 | 4 | 12 | 27 |
| 1997 | 4 | 14 | 26 |
| 1996 | 5 | 20 | 25 |
| 1995 | 5 | 20 | 27 |
| 1994 | 5 | 21 | 26 |
| 1993 | 6 | 20 | 28 |
| 1992 | 6 | 21 | 29 |
| 1991 | 6 | 21 | 29 |
| 1990 | 6 | 22 | 29 |
| 1989 | 6 | 22 | - |
| 1988 | 5 | 20 | - |
| 1987 | 6 | 22 | - |
| 1986 | 6 | 23 | - |
| 1985 | 5 | 26 | - |
| 1984 | 5 | 26 | - |
| 1983 | 5 | 26 | - |
| 1982 | 5 | 26 | - |
| 1981 | 5 | 26 | - |
| 1980 | 5 | 25 | - |
| 1979 | 5 | 27 | - |
| 1978 | 5 | 27 | - |
| 1977 | 5 | 30 | - |
| 1976 | 5 | 31 | - |
| 1975 | 5 | 28 | - |
| 1974 | 5 | 30 | - |
| 1973 | 5 | 28 | - |
| 1972 | 5 | 24 | - |
| 1971 | 5 | 24 | - |
| 1970 | 5 | 24 | - |
| 1969 | 5 | 19 | - |
| 1968 | 5 | 17 | - |
| 1967 | 5 | 16 | - |
| 1966 | 5 | 15 | - |
| 1965 | 3 | 15 | - |
| 1964 | 3 | 14 | - |
| 1963 | 3 | 14 | - |
| 1962 | 3 | 14 | - |
| 1961 | 3 | 13 | - |
| 1960 | 3 | 12 | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/united-kingdom | CC BY
Compared with 2000, in 2025 the United Kingdom is ranked 5th out of 179 by GDP (down from 4th), 17th by GDP per capita (down from 13th), and 28th by GDP per capita PPP (up from 29th).
Economic indicators
United Kingdom
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Gross domestic product |
$4T
2025 |
5/197 |
| GDP growth |
1.39%
2024-2025 |
152/194 |
| GDP per capita |
$57,602
2025 |
21/197 |
| GDP per capita, PPP |
$62,009
2024 |
32/197 |
| Government debt |
$4.1T
2025 |
4/185 |
| Debt-to-GDP ratio |
102.3%
2025 |
22/185 |
| Government debt per person |
$58,936
2025 |
7/185 |
| Average annual personal income after taxes |
$43,539
2026 |
16/197 |
| Listed domestic companies |
1,606
2022 |
8/103 |
| Market capitalization of domestic companies |
$3.1T
2022 |
6/100 |
| Number of millionaires |
2,428,000
2026 |
5/40 |
| Millionaire frequency |
1 in 22
2026 |
13/40 |
| Number of billionaires |
56
2026 |
10/74 |
| Billionaire frequency |
1 in 955,113
2026 |
32/74 |
| Income share by richest 10% |
25%
2021 |
116/169 |
| Income share by poorest 10% |
2.9%
2021 |
80/169 |
| Government expenditure, % of GDP |
43.6%
2025 |
40/195 |
| Consumer prices inflation |
3.88%
2024-2025 |
66/195 |
| Central bank interest rate |
3.75%
2025 |
79/106 |
| Unemployment rate |
4.9%
2025 |
109/196 |
| Population |
70071289
|
22/197 |
Government spending, deficit, and debt by year
| Year | % of GDP | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Government spending | Government debt | Government deficit/surplus | |
| 2025 | 43.6% | 102.3% | -5.38% |
| 2024 | 43.7% | 99.9% | -6.06% |
| 2023 | 44.2% | 98.9% | -6.05% |
| 2022 | 43.2% | 97.5% | -4.6% |
| 2021 | 44.9% | 103.4% | -7.54% |
| 2020 | 49.3% | 104.8% | -12.9% |
| 2019 | 38.3% | 84.9% | -2.38% |
| 2018 | 38.5% | 85.6% | -2.23% |
| 2017 | 38.8% | 86.1% | -2.48% |
| 2016 | 39.3% | 87.3% | -3.28% |
| 2015 | 40.1% | 87.3% | -4.53% |
| 2014 | 40.8% | 86.5% | -5.47% |
| 2013 | 41.6% | 84.9% | -5.29% |
| 2012 | 43.3% | 84.1% | -7.96% |
| 2011 | 43.3% | 81.1% | -7.42% |
| 2010 | 44.5% | 75.5% | -9.25% |
| 2009 | 44.2% | 64.5% | -9.97% |
| 2008 | 40.6% | 50.6% | -5.05% |
| 2007 | 38.4% | 43% | -2.63% |
| 2006 | 38.2% | 41.9% | -2.74% |
| 2005 | 38.3% | 40.9% | -3.13% |
| 2004 | 37.9% | 39.7% | -3.14% |
| 2003 | 37% | 36.6% | -3.19% |
| 2002 | 35.8% | 35.3% | -1.95% |
| 2001 | 34.5% | 34.8% | 0.34% |
| 2000 | 33.8% | 37.5% | 1.4% |
| 1999 | 33.7% | 40.3% | 0.76% |
| 1998 | 34.3% | 41.8% | -0.21% |
| 1997 | 34.7% | 43.9% | -2% |
| 1996 | 35.6% | 43.5% | -3.63% |
| 1995 | 37.5% | 43.5% | -4.97% |
| 1994 | 37.4% | 40.6% | -5.72% |
| 1993 | 37.6% | 37.8% | -6.6% |
| 1992 | 37.7% | 33.1% | -5.39% |
| 1991 | 35.7% | 28.4% | -2.76% |
| 1990 | 34.9% | 28.4% | -1.53% |
| 1989 | 39.7% | 31.4% | 0.77% |
| 1988 | 40.3% | 36.6% | 0.46% |
| 1987 | 42.7% | 41.8% | -1.79% |
| 1986 | 44.6% | 42.9% | -2.56% |
| 1985 | 48.7% | 42.9% | -5.57% |
| 1984 | 50.3% | 44.1% | -6.39% |
| 1983 | 50.4% | 44.2% | -6.26% |
| 1982 | 50.8% | 44.7% | -5.66% |
| 1981 | 51.2% | 41.1% | -7.03% |
| 1980 | 47.6% | 43.7% | -5.65% |
| 1979 | 45.1% | 44.5% | -5.79% |
| 1978 | 46.2% | 47.3% | -6.63% |
| 1977 | 46.8% | 53.7% | -4.41% |
| 1976 | 49.2% | 47.7% | -5.61% |
| 1975 | 49.1% | 49.6% | -5.08% |
| 1974 | 47.8% | 56.2% | -4.06% |
| 1973 | 43.5% | 58.5% | -4.29% |
| 1972 | 42.3% | 65% | -1.66% |
| 1971 | 41.2% | 67.9% | 1.48% |
| 1970 | 42% | 73.4% | 2.61% |
| 1969 | 39.2% | 82.8% | 1.03% |
| 1968 | 40.3% | 88.5% | -2.3% |
| 1967 | 40.1% | 89.1% | -4.57% |
| 1966 | 35.7% | 91.9% | -1.59% |
| 1965 | 34.6% | 94.6% | -2.06% |
| 1964 | 32.8% | 101.1% | -1.76% |
| 1963 | 37.4% | 108.6% | -5.47% |
| 1962 | 33.8% | 110.5% | -0.49% |
| 1961 | 31.5% | 113.8% | 0.56% |
| 1960 | 33.1% | 117.9% | -2.75% |
| 1959 | 32.6% | 124.9% | -0.58% |
| 1958 | 33.8% | 131.1% | -1.73% |
| 1957 | 32.6% | 135.7% | -1.04% |
| 1956 | 31% | 143.8% | 0.55% |
| 1955 | 28.6% | 154.2% | -0.39% |
| 1954 | 34.5% | 163.2% | -1.65% |
| 1953 | 32.6% | 169.8% | -2.84% |
| 1952 | 32.9% | 180.9% | -1.26% |
| 1951 | 28.8% | 196.8% | 2.03% |
| 1950 | 33.2% | 216.9% | 0.34% |
| 1949 | 32.6% | 220.3% | 3.01% |
| 1948 | 36.7% | 239.6% | -0.39% |
| 1947 | 50.5% | 264.1% | -15.8% |
| 1946 | 60.8% | 269.8% | -22.5% |
| 1945 | 66.9% | 234.7% | -30.9% |
| 1944 | 62.9% | 200.6% | -29.7% |
| 1943 | 62.2% | 174% | -33.3% |
| 1942 | 56.6% | 153.2% | -31.6% |
| 1941 | 50.5% | 133.7% | -32% |
| 1940 | 28.4% | 121.1% | -12.1% |
| 1939 | 20.3% | 149.7% | -2.99% |
| 1938 | 19.5% | 155.1% | 0% |
| 1937 | 18.5% | 158.7% | 0.82% |
| 1936 | 19.4% | 170.2% | 0.17% |
| 1935 | 19% | 178.1% | 0.37% |
| 1934 | 18.8% | 186.6% | 0.48% |
| 1933 | 19.6% | 194% | 0.99% |
| 1932 | 21.3% | 190.1% | -0.15% |
| 1931 | 20.5% | 184.8% | 0.8% |
| 1930 | 18.7% | 171% | 1.01% |
| 1929 | 17.8% | 170.5% | 0.75% |
| 1928 | 17.8% | 175.8% | 1.75% |
| 1927 | 18.2% | 177.5% | 1.62% |
| 1926 | 19.4% | 187.1% | 0.6% |
| 1925 | 18.1% | 177% | 0.84% |
| 1924 | 18.6% | 188.8% | 1.19% |
| 1923 | 19% | 195.5% | 2.23% |
| 1922 | 19.5% | 183.5% | 2.45% |
| 1921 | 22.4% | 158.4% | 1.15% |
| 1920 | 21% | 137.8% | 4.2% |
| 1919 | 32.1% | 142.8% | -6.28% |
| 1918 | 52.5% | 119.1% | -34.4% |
| 1917 | 66.2% | 97.8% | -48.8% |
| 1916 | 68.4% | 65.6% | -50.6% |
| 1915 | 42.3% | 39.3% | -30% |
| 1914 | 24.6% | 27.3% | -14.6% |
| 1913 | 8.17% | 27.9% | 0.25% |
| 1912 | 8.34% | 29.8% | 0.22% |
| 1911 | 8.05% | 31.6% | 0.51% |
| 1910 | 8.18% | 34.5% | 1.75% |
| 1909 | 7.8% | 34.9% | -1.25% |
| 1908 | 7.32% | 35.7% | 0.34% |
| 1907 | 7.18% | 35.3% | 0.66% |
| 1906 | 7.34% | 37.4% | 0.58% |
| 1905 | 7.59% | 39% | 0.36% |
| 1904 | 7.97% | 40.7% | 0.2% |
| 1903 | 8.43% | 41.2% | -0.22% |
| 1902 | 10.5% | 39% | -1.77% |
| 1901 | 10.7% | 35.8% | -2.74% |
| 1900 | 10.8% | 32.4% | -2.96% |
| 1899 | 8.21% | 35.1% | -0.79% |
| 1898 | 7.28% | 37.8% | 0.01% |
| 1897 | 7.46% | 40.4% | 0.25% |
| 1896 | 7.22% | 41.1% | 0.17% |
| 1895 | 7.3% | 43.1% | 0.3% |
| 1894 | 7.04% | 44.1% | 0.06% |
| 1893 | 7.26% | 47.4% | -0.007% |
| 1892 | 6.88% | 47.5% | 0.14% |
| 1891 | 6.86% | 46.4% | 0.19% |
| 1890 | 6.8% | 45.9% | 0.23% |
| 1889 | 6.81% | 47.1% | 0.3% |
| 1888 | 6.8% | 51.3% | 0.27% |
| 1887 | 6.87% | 55.4% | 0.25% |
| 1886 | 7.33% | 57.5% | 0.07% |
| 1885 | 7.51% | 57.8% | -0.21% |
| 1884 | 6.88% | 56.1% | -0.04% |
| 1883 | 6.49% | 61.5% | 0.06% |
| 1882 | 7% | 61.5% | 0.02% |
| 1881 | 6.82% | 64.4% | 0.06% |
| 1880 | 6.21% | 65.4% | 0.1% |
| 1879 | 7.84% | 64.8% | -0.86% |
| 1878 | 7.66% | 61.7% | -0.18% |
| 1877 | 7.25% | 60% | -0.18% |
| 1876 | 6.86% | 59.4% | 0.09% |
| 1875 | 6.63% | 57.8% | 0% |
| 1874 | 6.33% | 57.4% | 0.09% |
| 1873 | 6.33% | 57% | 0% |
| 1872 | 6.31% | 60.7% | 0.55% |
| 1871 | 6.8% | 64.3% | 0.29% |
| 1870 | 7.03% | 70.5% | 0% |
| 1869 | 7.42% | 74.6% | 0.77% |
| 1868 | 8.46% | 74.9% | -0.45% |
| 1867 | 8.11% | 77.8% | -0.45% |
| 1866 | 7.45% | 76.5% | 0.11% |
| 1865 | 7.6% | 81% | 0% |
| 1864 | 8.03% | 83.6% | 0.24% |
| 1863 | 8.54% | 89.3% | 0% |
| 1862 | 9.27% | 93% | -0.13% |
| 1861 | 9.69% | 95.6% | -0.4% |
| 1860 | 10.5% | 99.8% | -0.43% |
| 1859 | 10.2% | 102% | 0% |
| 1858 | 10% | 107.7% | -0.15% |
| 1857 | 10.2% | 104% | -0.15% |
| 1856 | 11.3% | 105.3% | -0.6% |
| 1855 | 14.4% | 105.5% | -3.57% |
| 1854 | 13.4% | 107.2% | -3.39% |
| 1853 | 9.42% | 115% | 0.5% |
| 1852 | 9.62% | 130.1% | 0.35% |
| 1851 | 9.56% | 131.4% | 0.35% |
| 1850 | 10.3% | 138.1% | 0.37% |
| 1849 | 9.36% | 126.4% | 0.34% |
| 1848 | 10.2% | 128.7% | -0.17% |
| 1847 | 9.77% | 123.8% | -6.13% |
| 1846 | 9.48% | 128.7% | 0.52% |
| 1845 | 10.1% | 137.4% | 0.56% |
| 1844 | 10.9% | 145.5% | 0.59% |
| 1843 | 12% | 158.6% | 0.44% |
| 1842 | 12% | 158% | -0.87% |
| 1841 | 11.2% | 151.9% | -0.42% |
| 1840 | 10.4% | 144.7% | -0.2% |
| 1839 | 9.65% | 135.7% | -0.18% |
| 1838 | 10% | 142.9% | -0.19% |
| 1837 | 10.5% | 151.6% | -0.21% |
| 1836 | 9.85% | 145.8% | 0.59% |
| 1835 | 10.2% | 151.6% | 0.42% |
| 1834 | 11.1% | 162.2% | 0.23% |
| 1833 | 11.9% | 172.2% | 0.24% |
| 1832 | 12.2% | 169.9% | 0% |
| 1831 | 11.5% | 164.6% | 0% |
| 1830 | 11.8% | 165.6% | 0.45% |
| 1829 | - | 173.3% | - |
| 1828 | - | 183.5% | - |
| 1827 | - | 192% | - |
| 1826 | - | 200.8% | - |
| 1825 | - | 212.7% | - |
| 1824 | - | 225.2% | - |
| 1823 | - | 238.4% | - |
| 1822 | - | 246.4% | - |
| 1821 | - | 260.9% | - |
| 1820 | - | 259.9% | - |
| 1819 | - | 259% | - |
| 1818 | - | 258% | - |
| 1817 | - | 232.6% | - |
| 1816 | - | 237.8% | - |
| 1815 | - | 224.8% | - |
| 1814 | - | 221% | - |
| 1813 | - | 196% | - |
| 1812 | - | 189.3% | - |
| 1811 | - | 182.6% | - |
| 1810 | - | 187.5% | - |
| 1809 | - | 189.3% | - |
| 1808 | - | 191.1% | - |
| 1807 | - | 192.8% | - |
| 1806 | - | 191.1% | - |
| 1805 | - | 189.2% | - |
| 1804 | - | 187% | - |
| 1803 | - | 192% | - |
| 1802 | - | 189.5% | - |
| 1801 | - | 179% | - |
| 1800 | - | 176.3% | - |
Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1800–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/united-kingdom | CC BY
This chart shows the United Kingdom's government spending, budget balance, and debt over time, each expressed as a share of GDP.
Over the past 50 years, the United Kingdom recorded a fiscal deficit in 45 of them, with an average annual deficit equal to 4.34% of GDP. In 2025, government spending reached $1.75T (43.6% of GDP), with a deficit of 5.38%.
The national debt reached $4.1T, ranking 4th out of 185 countries by total size, with a debt-to-GDP ratio of 102.3%, ranking 22nd.
Inflation rate by year
| Year | Inflation |
|---|---|
| 2025 | 3.88% |
| 2024 | 3.27% |
| 2023 | 6.79% |
| 2022 | 7.92% |
| 2021 | 2.52% |
| 2020 | 0.99% |
| 2019 | 1.74% |
| 2018 | 2.29% |
| 2017 | 2.56% |
| 2016 | 1.01% |
| 2015 | 0.37% |
| 2014 | 1.45% |
| 2013 | 2.29% |
| 2012 | 2.57% |
| 2011 | 3.86% |
| 2010 | 2.49% |
| 2009 | 1.96% |
| 2008 | 3.52% |
| 2007 | 2.39% |
| 2006 | 2.46% |
| 2005 | 2.09% |
| 2004 | 1.39% |
| 2003 | 1.38% |
| 2002 | 1.52% |
| 2001 | 1.53% |
| 2000 | 1.18% |
| 1999 | 1.75% |
| 1998 | 1.82% |
| 1997 | 2.2% |
| 1996 | 2.85% |
| 1995 | 2.7% |
| 1994 | 2.22% |
| 1993 | 2.56% |
| 1992 | 4.59% |
| 1991 | 7.46% |
| 1990 | 8.06% |
| 1989 | 5.76% |
| 1988 | 4.16% |
| 1987 | 4.15% |
| 1986 | 3.43% |
| 1985 | 6.07% |
| 1984 | 4.96% |
| 1983 | 4.61% |
| 1982 | 8.6% |
| 1981 | 11.9% |
| 1980 | 18% |
| 1979 | 13.4% |
| 1978 | 8.26% |
| 1977 | 15.8% |
| 1976 | 16.6% |
| 1975 | 24.2% |
| 1974 | 16% |
| 1973 | 9.2% |
| 1972 | 7.07% |
| 1971 | 9.44% |
| 1970 | 6.37% |
| 1969 | 5.45% |
| 1968 | 4.7% |
| 1967 | 2.48% |
| 1966 | 3.91% |
| 1965 | 4.77% |
| 1964 | 3.28% |
| 1963 | 2.02% |
| 1962 | 4.2% |
| 1961 | 3.45% |
| 1960 | 1% |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/united-kingdom | CC BY
Over the past 20 years, the United Kingdom has had an average annual inflation rate of 2.82%. In 2025, inflation was 3.88%. The bar chart above shows consumer price inflation by year.
Balance of trade
|
United Kingdom
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
|
Current account balance
|
-$97.1B
2025 |
189/190 |
| Current account balance, % of GDP |
-2.43%
2025 |
102/190 |
| Goods imports |
$827B
2025 |
4/189 |
| Goods exports |
$506B
2025 |
13/189 |
| Service imports |
$450B
2025 |
5/189 |
| Service exports |
$720B
2025 |
2/189 |
| Imports of goods and services, % of GDP |
31.9%
2025 |
123/182 |
| Exports of goods and services, % of GDP |
30.6%
2025 |
112/193 |
United Kingdom top 10 trading partners
The United Kingdom's biggest trading partner accounting for 19.5% of all exports and imports is the United States, with a trade balance between the two of +$73.2B: the UK exports $263B worth of goods and services to the United States and imports $190B.
Below is the list of the top 10 trade partners of the United Kingdom.
| Rank | Country | Trade value | Share of total trade | Export to | Import from | Top export to | Top import from |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
United States
|
$453B | 19.5% | $263B | $190B | Business & finance services | Business & finance services |
| 2 |
Germany
|
$176B | 7.57% | $80.1B | $95.8B | Machinery & equipment | Machinery & equipment |
| 3 |
China
|
$166B | 7.13% | $53.2B | $112B | Precious metals & jewellery | Machinery & equipment |
| 4 |
France
|
$128B | 5.52% | $59.4B | $68.8B | Business & finance services | Machinery & equipment |
| 5 |
Switzerland
|
$118B | 5.09% | $54.5B | $63.8B | Precious metals & jewellery | Precious metals & jewellery |
| 6 |
Netherlands
|
$103B | 4.44% | $62.1B | $41.1B | Business & finance services | Business & finance services |
| 7 |
Ireland
|
$102B | 4.4% | $65.8B | $36.4B | Business & finance services | Business & finance services |
| 8 |
Spain
|
$84.2B | 3.62% | $27.7B | $56.5B | Machinery & equipment | Transport & tourism services |
| 9 |
Italy
|
$71.5B | 3.08% | $23.1B | $48.4B | Machinery & equipment | Machinery & equipment |
| 10 |
Canada
|
$63.7B | 2.74% | $21.6B | $42B | Business & finance services | Precious metals & jewellery |
Top 10 exports
|
United Kingdom
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Business & finance services | $401B | 2/189 |
| Machinery & equipment | $222B | 11/193 |
| Transport & tourism services | $134B | 6/191 |
| Precious metals & jewellery | $115B | 4/190 |
| IT & IP services | $99.3B | 6/185 |
| Chemicals & pharma | $64.3B | 14/193 |
| Raw materials & minerals | $43.8B | 28/193 |
| Metals | $26.4B | 19/192 |
| Processed food, beverages & tobacco | $23.7B | 16/192 |
| Miscellaneous | $22.5B | 8/192 |
Top 10 imports
|
United Kingdom
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Machinery & equipment | $326B | 5/193 |
| Precious metals & jewellery | $185B | 2/193 |
| Business & finance services | $181B | 4/189 |
| Transport & tourism services | $168B | 4/191 |
| Raw materials & minerals | $92B | 10/193 |
| Chemicals & pharma | $82.7B | 9/193 |
| Textiles & consumer goods | $67.6B | 4/193 |
| Processed food, beverages & tobacco | $54.3B | 3/193 |
| Miscellaneous | $41.8B | 2/193 |
| IT & IP services | $41.1B | 10/185 |
Economic freedom indices
|
United Kingdom
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Economic freedom | 70.4 | 35/197 |
| Property rights | 93.6 | 14/182 |
| Government integrity | 83 | 17/182 |
| Judicial effectiveness | 83.1 | 27/182 |
| Tax burden | 61.7 | 166/182 |
| Government spending | 41.1 | 150/180 |
| Fiscal health | 32.4 | 145/181 |
| Business freedom | 83.6 | 19/182 |
| Labor freedom | 61.2 | 43/182 |
| Monetary freedom | 71.9 | 120/180 |
| Trade freedom | 82.8 | 17/181 |
| Investment freedom | 70 | 47/181 |
| Financial freedom | 80 | 15/181 |
Economic freedom by year
| Year | Index | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Economic freedom | Judicial effectiveness | Tax burden | Government spending | Fiscal health | |
| 2026 | 70.4 | 83.1 | 61.7 | 41.1 | 32.4 |
| 2025 | 69.3 | 84.8 | 61 | 40.1 | 19 |
| 2024 | 68.6 | 84.3 | 62.3 | 34.3 | 0 |
| 2023 | 69.9 | 86.4 | 65.4 | 41.9 | 1.8 |
| 2022 | 72.7 | 85.9 | 65.4 | 46.3 | 22.6 |
| 2021 | 78.4 | 76.7 | 64.9 | 54.8 | 77.3 |
| 2020 | 79.3 | 82.7 | 64.7 | 49.5 | 78.1 |
| 2019 | 78.9 | 85.9 | 64.7 | 48.2 | 68.6 |
| 2018 | 78 | 93.8 | 65.2 | 44.4 | 53.5 |
| 2017 | 76.4 | 93 | 65.1 | 41.9 | 40.4 |
| 2016 | 76.4 | - | 64.9 | 39 | - |
| 2015 | 75.8 | - | 62.9 | 30.3 | - |
| 2014 | 74.9 | - | 56.6 | 29.5 | - |
| 2013 | 74.8 | - | 57 | 27.7 | - |
| 2012 | 74.1 | - | 56.4 | 21.5 | - |
| 2011 | 74.5 | - | 52 | 32.9 | - |
| 2010 | 76.5 | - | 61.8 | 41.9 | - |
| 2009 | 79 | - | 61 | 40.3 | - |
| 2008 | 79.4 | - | 61.2 | 40.1 | - |
| 2007 | 79.9 | - | 62 | 42.7 | - |
| 2006 | 80.4 | - | 62.3 | 43.5 | - |
| 2005 | 79.2 | - | 62.3 | 43.5 | - |
| 2004 | 77.7 | - | 61.2 | 50.1 | - |
| 2003 | 77.5 | - | 60.9 | 51 | - |
| 2002 | 78.5 | - | 61.5 | 58.9 | - |
| 2001 | 77.6 | - | 61.7 | 52 | - |
| 2000 | 77.3 | - | 62.5 | 49.6 | - |
| 1999 | 76.2 | - | 62.3 | 44.5 | - |
| 1998 | 76.5 | - | 60.8 | 40.3 | - |
| 1997 | 76.4 | - | 61.7 | 39.3 | - |
| 1996 | 76.4 | - | 62.1 | 37.3 | - |
| 1995 | 77.9 | - | 61.3 | 37.3 | - |
Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/united-kingdom | CC BY
The United Kingdom is ranked 29/174 for economic freedom with a score of 70.4, compared to 5/162 and a score of 80.4 in 2006.
Other economic metrics
|
United Kingdom
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Services, % of GDP |
73.1%
2025 |
14/191 |
| Industry, % of GDP |
16.5%
2025 |
153/194 |
| Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP |
0.64%
2025 |
181/193 |
|
GNI, Atlas method
|
$3.79T
2025 |
6/194 |
| GNI per capita, PPP |
$64,210
2025 |
29/191 |
| Total reserves including gold |
$214B
2025 |
19/177 |
|
Net foreign direct investment
|
$10.3B
2025 |
14/189 |
|
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
|
-$13B
2024 |
187/193 |
|
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
|
-$72.5B
2024 |
192/193 |
| Poverty at national poverty lines |
18.6%
2017 |
108/176 |
|
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
|
19.7%
2025 |
128/179 |
Compare United Kingdom vs other countries
GDP per capita map
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/united-kingdom | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1800–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- TradeMap (2024–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.
The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.
Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.
A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).
Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.
Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.
Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.