Skip to content

Economy of Austria vs Philippines compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Austria has a GDP of $535B compared to $462B for the Philippines, ranking 30/197 and 35/197 by economy size, respectively.

Austria has $432B in government debt (80.8% of GDP), compared to $261B (56.6% of GDP) in the Philippines.

Austria vs Philippines GDP by year

Austria
Philippines
1x
Year GDP, current $
Austria Philippines
2024 $534,790,720,467 $461,617,509,782
2023 $516,670,509,629 $437,055,627,244
2022 $473,221,298,968 $404,353,369,605
2021 $480,466,363,177 $394,087,359,848
2020 $434,397,601,558 $361,751,145,452
2019 $442,983,642,372 $376,823,402,239
2018 $452,582,294,973 $346,841,896,587
2017 $414,926,138,133 $328,480,736,803
2016 $393,687,359,770 $318,627,003,017
2015 $379,546,097,301 $306,445,871,242
2014 $438,556,021,078 $297,483,555,338
2013 $426,580,502,769 $283,902,828,589
2012 $406,750,487,604 $261,920,540,963
2011 $428,954,737,064 $234,216,730,291
2010 $389,827,789,218 $208,368,893,151
2009 $399,290,118,782 $175,974,755,881
2008 $429,234,399,096 $181,624,626,327
2007 $386,760,177,589 $155,980,408,673
2006 $333,905,979,332 $127,652,926,368
2005 $313,952,317,331 $107,419,977,318
2004 $299,210,411,455 $95,001,999,685
2003 $260,779,834,340 $87,039,092,974
2002 $212,837,224,023 $84,307,345,888
2001 $196,477,206,829 $78,921,234,458
2000 $196,181,599,831 $83,669,788,377
1999 $216,421,809,126 $85,640,171,045
1998 $217,068,085,816 $74,492,416,330
1997 $211,724,812,267 $94,106,317,565
1996 $235,952,581,232 $94,648,084,429
1995 $240,094,169,510 $84,644,328,727
1994 $202,738,023,130 $73,159,336,915
1993 $189,634,029,339 $62,036,529,147
1992 $194,314,032,056 $60,422,328,242
1991 $173,113,449,617 $51,784,144,943
1990 $165,811,372,383 $50,508,286,642
1989 $132,584,448,258 $48,513,773,721
1988 $132,817,124,707 $43,152,128,959
1987 $123,682,091,859 $37,791,488,666
1986 $98,648,254,169 $33,987,207,295
1985 $69,114,996,010 $34,961,486,348
1984 $67,719,055,773 $35,730,185,634
1983 $71,838,528,420 $37,759,179,895
1982 $70,996,111,963 $42,206,011,275
1981 $70,755,997,062 $40,499,388,869
1980 $81,737,498,405 $36,848,080,899
1979 $73,647,694,287 $31,218,296,292
1978 $61,809,208,756 $25,762,224,563
1977 $51,343,861,460 $22,283,109,803
1976 $42,791,707,448 $19,381,055,197
1975 $39,902,300,703 $16,875,240,684
1974 $35,051,468,640 $15,607,882,555
1973 $29,399,860,145 $11,412,449,735
1972 $21,973,207,929 $9,067,815,521
1971 $17,788,536,733 $8,375,075,630
1970 $15,312,791,744 $7,559,115,517
1969 $13,647,475,854 $9,571,800,653
1968 $12,499,863,917 $8,632,749,269
1967 $11,634,569,522 $7,724,873,935
1966 $10,939,526,219 $7,189,017,888
1965 $10,041,659,445 $6,517,349,772
1964 $9,213,648,656 $5,953,756,195
1963 $8,414,050,621 $5,505,023,238
1962 $7,793,042,529 $4,954,593,072
1961 $7,346,566,038 $8,171,194,425
1960 $6,624,086,313 $7,515,894,111

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/philippines | CC BY

GDP per capita in Austria vs Philippines by year

Austria
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Philippines
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Austria Philippines
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $58,269 $73,911 $3,985 $11,794
2023 $56,580 $73,545 $3,804 $10,986
2022 $52,337 $72,065 $3,548 $10,131
2021 $53,649 $62,969 $3,484 $8,858
2020 $48,716 $58,523 $3,228 $8,238
2019 $49,886 $60,355 $3,401 $8,924
2018 $51,194 $56,636 $3,169 $8,358
2017 $47,164 $53,870 $3,038 $7,774
2016 $45,061 $52,398 $2,985 $7,383
2015 $43,915 $49,549 $2,910 $6,894
2014 $51,315 $48,355 $2,867 $6,689
2013 $50,305 $47,520 $2,781 $6,373
2012 $48,250 $46,156 $2,615 $6,094
2011 $51,117 $44,172 $2,384 $5,705
2010 $46,611 $41,735 $2,163 $5,489
2009 $47,857 $40,687 $1,864 $5,157
2008 $51,581 $41,047 $1,959 $5,144
2007 $46,623 $39,192 $1,713 $4,923
2006 $40,382 $37,388 $1,426 $4,579
2005 $38,157 $34,777 $1,220 $4,289
2004 $36,614 $33,519 $1,100 $4,037
2003 $32,110 $31,959 $1,027 $3,761
2002 $26,335 $30,952 $1,015 $3,580
2001 $24,430 $29,553 $970 $3,469
2000 $24,487 $29,221 $1,051 $3,366
1999 $27,079 $27,500 $1,101 $3,229
1998 $27,212 $26,531 $983 $3,160
1997 $26,572 $25,301 $1,273 $3,221
1996 $29,646 $24,427 $1,311 $3,082
1995 $30,207 $23,604 $1,200 $2,926
1994 $25,546 $22,553 $1,060 $2,800
1993 $23,987 $21,647 $919 $2,684
1992 $24,783 $21,209 $917 $2,629
1991 $22,323 $20,536 $804 $2,621
1990 $21,596 $19,396 $804 $2,608
1989 $17,401 - $792 -
1988 $17,510 - $722 -
1987 $16,329 - $650 -
1986 $13,032 - $600 -
1985 $9,136 - $633 -
1984 $8,956 - $665 -
1983 $9,500 - $723 -
1982 $9,373 - $833 -
1981 $9,348 - $821 -
1980 $10,827 - $767 -
1979 $9,755 - $667 -
1978 $8,173 - $565 -
1977 $6,784 - $502 -
1976 $5,656 - $449 -
1975 $5,265 - $401 -
1974 $4,613 - $379 -
1973 $3,875 - $283.2 -
1972 $2,913 - $230.1 -
1971 $2,372 - $217.4 -
1970 $2,051 - $200.9 -
1969 $1,834 - $261.1 -
1968 $1,686 - $242.2 -
1967 $1,577 - $223.1 -
1966 $1,494 - $213.8 -
1965 $1,381 - $199.8 -
1964 $1,275 - $188.2 -
1963 $1,173 - $179.5 -
1962 $1,093 - $166.7 -
1961 $1,037 - $283.8 -
1960 $940 - $269.5 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/philippines | CC BY

Austria's GDP per capita is $58,269, ranking 16/197, compared to $3,985 in the Philippines, ranking 130/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Austria ranks 19th at $73,911, while the Philippines ranks 127th at $11,794.

Economic indicators

Austria Philippines
Gross domestic product
$535B
2024
$462B
2024
GDP rank
30/197
2024
35/197
2024
GDP growth
-0.66%
2023-2024
5.69%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$58,269
2024
$3,985
2024
GDP per capita rank
16/197
2024
130/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$73,911
2024
$11,794
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
19/197
2024
127/197
2024
Government debt
$432B
2024
$261B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
80.8%
2024
56.6%
2024
Government debt per person
$47,075
2024
$2,257
2024
Government debt per person rank
10/185
2024
117/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$40,736
2026
$3,407
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$121B
2024
$252B
2024
Number of billionaires
9
2025
15
2025
Income share by richest 10%
24.8%
2023
31.6%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
2.8%
2023
2.9%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
56%
2024
24.9%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
2.94%
2023-2024
3.21%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
4.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
5.16%
2024
2.41%
2023
Population
9163419
117991570

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Austria
Spending

Debt
Philippines
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Austria Philippines
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 56% 80.8% 24.9% 56.6%
2023 52.7% 78.5% 24.7% 56.5%
2022 53% 78.4% 25.9% 57.4%
2021 56% 82.4% 27.2% 57%
2020 57.3% 83.2% 25.9% 51.6%
2019 49.1% 71% 21.7% 37%
2018 49.2% 74.6% 20.9% 37.1%
2017 49.8% 79.1% 19.5% 38.1%
2016 50.6% 83.4% 19% 37.4%
2015 51.2% 85.6% 17.8% 39.7%
2014 52.4% 85.2% 16.8% 40.3%
2013 52.4% 82.4% 17.3% 43.9%
2012 51.8% 82.9% 17.7% 45.7%
2011 51.3% 83.4% 17.2% 45.4%
2010 53.4% 83.7% 18.3% 47.6%
2009 54.6% 80.8% 19.2% 49.8%
2008 50.4% 69.5% 17.9% 50%
2007 49.7% 65.8% 18.2% 50.2%
2006 50.9% 68.2% 18.3% 57.2%
2005 51.7% 69.4% 18.7% 64.7%
2004 54.3% 65.9% 19.4% 71.1%
2003 51.8% 66.4% 20.4% 71.4%
2002 51.6% 67.4% 20.6% 65.2%
2001 51.8% 67.2% 21% 59.5%
2000 50.9% 66.1% 20.8% 59.2%
1999 50.5% 61.3% 20.7% 54.2%
1998 54.4% 69.2% 20.3% 50.8%
1997 52.5% 63.4% 20.3% 56.9%
1996 55.9% 68.2% 19.6% 53.1%
1995 56.1% 68.2% 19.1% 60.8%
1994 54.3% 64.1% 19.7% 63.6%
1993 54.3% 61% 17.6% 73.9%
1992 49.3% 56.3% 18.4% 53.9%
1991 47.9% 56.4% 18% 55.6%
1990 46.8% 56.2% 18.8% 56.2%
1989 51.6% 56.6% 15.7% 55.2%
1988 53.1% 57.7% 15.9% 69%
1987 54.5% 55.5% 15.7% 79.2%
1986 54.3% 52% 13.5% 77.7%
1985 53.5% 47.8% 11.3% 53.1%
1984 52.6% 46% 10.1% 45.8%
1983 52.4% 43.7% 12.2% 43.1%
1982 52% 39.7% 12.8% 32.9%
1981 51.5% 37.5% 13.7% 27.6%
1980 50% 35.6% 13.4% 24.8%
1979 49.8% 34.1% 11.9% 22.5%
1978 50.8% 32.2% 13.3% 23.1%
1977 47.6% 28.5% 13.3% 19.8%
1976 47.9% 26.2% 13.8% 16.8%
1975 46.1% 22.8% 15.1% 13%
1974 42% 16.8% 10.7% 13.4%
1973 41.5% 16.7% 14% 11.5%
1972 40.1% 16.7% 13.4% 14.2%
1971 40% 17.4% 11.2% 14.8%
1970 39.5% 18.6% 10.4% 16.8%
1969 40.7% 16.8% 11.5% 16.4%
1968 40.9% 16.8% 11.2% 15.7%
1967 40.7% 15.6% 10.2% 15.4%
1966 38.7% 14.1% 9.77% 14.4%
1965 38.3% 14.8% 9.48% 15%
1964 38.7% 15.5% 9.66% 14.2%
1963 38.6% 15.6% 10.4% 14.1%
1962 37.6% 15.5% 10.8% 15.9%
1961 35.7% 16% 9.6% 16.5%
1960 36.3% 17.7% 10.1% 16.6%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1992, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/philippines | CC BY

In 2024, Austria's government spending was $300B, accounting for 56% of its GDP, while the Philippines spent $115B, or 24.9% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 80.8% in Austria and 56.6% in the Philippines, ranking 44/185 and 93/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Austria

Philippines
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Austria Philippines
2024 -4.64% -3.78%
2023 -2.62% -4.38%
2022 -3.31% -5.48%
2021 -5.69% -6.23%
2020 -8.2% -5.55%
2019 0.54% -1.5%
2018 0.2% -1.48%
2017 -0.78% -0.75%
2016 -1.45% -0.74%
2015 -0.48% 0.14%
2014 -1.92% 1.32%
2013 -1.99% 0.37%
2012 -2.18% -0.22%
2011 -2.48% -0.38%
2010 -4.46% -2.25%
2009 -5.38% -2.57%
2008 -1.57% 0.02%
2007 -1.56% -0.28%
2006 -2.61% -0.05%
2005 -2.59% -1.62%
2004 -4.94% -2.81%
2003 -1.84% -3.49%
2002 -1.43% -3.71%
2001 -0.71% -3.49%
2000 -2.07% -3.27%
1999 -2.63% -2.29%
1998 -2.68% -1.31%
1997 -2.38% 0.37%
1996 -4.38% 0.54%
1995 -6.17% -0.02%
1994 -5.04% -0.44%
1993 -4.57% 0.63%
1992 -2.15% -0.43%
1991 -2.96% -0.26%
1990 -2.58% -1.52%
1989 -3.07% -1.64%
1988 -3.43% -2.71%
1987 -4.33% -1.06%
1986 -3.84% -0.55%
1985 -2.71% 0.71%
1984 -2.67% 0.64%
1983 -4.22% 0.1%
1982 -3.29% -0.88%
1981 -1.79% -1.09%
1980 -1.62% 0.56%
1979 -2.3% 1.54%
1978 -2.67% 0.05%
1977 -2.11% -0.42%
1976 -3.61% -0.55%
1975 -2.41% 0.13%
1974 1.23% 5.94%
1973 1.24% 2.49%
1972 1.97% 3.39%
1971 1.46% -0.96%
1970 1.16% -0.31%
1969 -0.08% -2.67%
1968 -0.83% -2.33%
1967 -0.56% -1.35%
1966 1.73% -0.74%
1965 1.38% -1.53%
1964 0.48% -0.99%
1963 -0.5% -0.68%
1962 1.12% -0.43%
1961 1.68% -0.29%
1960 -0.49% -1.06%
1959 -2.16% -0.15%
1958 -3.52% -0.21%
1957 -0.7% -0.56%
1956 -0.78% -0.77%
1955 -0.5% -1.3%
1954 -0.35% -0.79%
1953 -0.24% -0.88%
1952 -0.73% 0.49%
1951 -1.57% 1.5%
1950 -7.72% -0.19%
1949 -9.23% -2.33%
1948 -9.3% -0.65%
1947 - 0.05%
1946 - -2.54%
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 - -
1938 - -
1937 -2.84% -
1936 -3.91% -
1935 -5.46% -
1934 -5.28% -
1933 -3.55% -
1932 -9.16% -
1931 -11.5% -
1930 -9.68% -
1929 -6.83% -
1928 -7.63% -
1927 -7.3% -
1926 -6.18% -
1925 -4.96% -
1924 -5.69% -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 - -
1912 -0.69% -
1911 0.03% -
1910 -0.42% -
1909 -5.51% -
1908 -1.24% -
1907 -2.73% -
1906 -0.05% -
1905 -0.71% -
1904 -1.12% -
1903 -0.97% -
1902 -0.75% -
1901 -0.56% -
1900 -0.05% -
1899 -0.08% -
1898 -0.17% -
1897 0.1% -
1896 0.03% -
1895 0.36% -
1894 -1.16% -
1893 -1.31% -
1892 -0.86% -
1891 -4.01% -
1890 -0.26% -
1889 -1.61% -
1888 -0.97% -
1887 -1.09% -
1886 -0.43% -
1885 -0.57% -
1884 -6.43% -
1883 -0.69% -
1882 -1.06% -
1881 -3.91% -
1880 -1.4% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/philippines | CC BY

In 2024, Austria's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $24.8B, equivalent to 4.64% of GDP. This compares to the Philippines' deficit of $17.5B, or 3.78% of GDP.

Over the past 65 years, Austria recorded a fiscal deficit in 53 of those years, while the Philippines ran a deficit in 48 years. On average, Austria posted an annual deficit equal to 2.04% of GDP, compared to deficit of 0.98% of GDP for the Philippines.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Austria

Philippines
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Austria Philippines
2024 2.94% 3.21%
2023 7.81% 5.98%
2022 8.55% 5.82%
2021 2.77% 3.93%
2020 1.38% 2.39%
2019 1.53% 2.39%
2018 2% 5.31%
2017 2.08% 2.85%
2016 0.89% 1.25%
2015 0.9% 0.67%
2014 1.61% 3.6%
2013 2% 2.58%
2012 2.49% 3.03%
2011 3.29% 4.72%
2010 1.81% 3.79%
2009 0.51% 4.22%
2008 3.22% 8.26%
2007 2.17% 2.9%
2006 1.44% 5.49%
2005 2.3% 6.52%
2004 2.06% 4.83%
2003 1.36% 2.29%
2002 1.81% 2.72%
2001 2.65% 5.35%
2000 2.34% 3.98%
1999 0.57% 5.94%
1998 0.92% 9.23%
1997 1.31% 5.59%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/philippines | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Austria has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.31%, compared with 4.24% in the Philippines. In 2024, inflation was 2.94% in Austria and 3.21% in the Philippines.

Top exports between countries

Austria
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $73.4M
Wood & paper products $39.5M
Metals $18M
Chemicals & pharma $15.2M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $13.6M
Business & finance services $7.1M
Animal & marine products $4.94M
Textiles & consumer goods $3.82M
Transport & tourism services $3.55M
Government & miscellaneous services $2.36M
Philippines
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $151M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $3.12M
Textiles & consumer goods $1.81M
Animal & marine products $801K
Chemicals & pharma $460K
Wood & paper products $345K
Raw materials & minerals $234K
Metals $211K
Precious metals & jewellery $192K
Weapons & explosives $115K

Balance of trade

Austria Philippines
Current account balance
$8.19B
2024
-$18.3B
2024
Current account balance ranking
25/190
2024
183/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+1.53%
2024
-3.96%
2024
Goods imports
$195B
2024
$124B
2024
Goods exports
$201B
2024
$55.1B
2024
Service imports
$90.5B
2024
$37.6B
2024
Service exports
$96.6B
2024
$51.6B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
53.1%
2024
40.1%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
55.7%
2024
25.8%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Austria Philippines
Economic freedom 69.8 62.9
Economic freedom ranking 38/197 85/197
Property rights 95.7 45.8
Government integrity 75 35.4
Judicial effectiveness 94.8 41.8
Tax burden 45.7 78.3
Government spending 12.8 81
Fiscal health 67.1 60.5
Business freedom 78.7 69.2
Labor freedom 81.6 57.8
Monetary freedom 76.4 72.1
Trade freedom 79.4 83
Investment freedom 60 70
Financial freedom 70 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Austria
Philippines
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Austria Philippines
2026 69.8 62.9
2025 69.7 60.6
2024 68.4 59
2023 71.1 59.3
2022 73.8 61.1
2021 73.9 64.1
2020 73.3 64.5
2019 72 63.8
2018 71.8 65
2017 72.3 65.6
2016 71.7 63.1
2015 71.2 62.2
2014 72.4 60.1
2013 71.8 58.2
2012 70.3 57.1
2011 71.9 56.2
2010 71.6 56.3
2009 71.2 56.8
2008 71.4 56
2007 71.6 56
2006 71.1 56.3
2005 68.8 54.7
2004 67.6 59.1
2003 67.6 61.3
2002 67.4 60.7
2001 68.1 60.9
2000 68.4 62.5
1999 64 61.9
1998 65.4 62.8
1997 65.2 62.2
1996 68.9 60.2
1995 70 55

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/philippines | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Austria is 69.8, ranking 38/197, compared to 62.9 for the Philippines, ranking 85/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Austria Philippines
Services, % of GDP
64%
2024
63.2%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
24.6%
2024
27.7%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.22%
2024
9.08%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$503B
2024
$518B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$74,160
2024
$13,330
2024
Total reserves including gold
$35.4B
2024
$106B
2024
Total reserves ranking
53/177
2024
27/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$135M
2024
-$6.57B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$13.7B
2024
$9.44B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$13.8B
2024
$2.87B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
3.45%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
14.8%
2021
15.5%
2023
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.6%
2024
23.7%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/philippines | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Help us show the world through your eyes

Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.

Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1992, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2021–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.