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Economy of Norway vs Paraguay compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Norway has a GDP of $531B compared to $49.3B for Paraguay, ranking 32/197 and 97/197 by economy size, respectively.

Norway has $239B in government debt (45% of GDP), compared to $18.8B (38.1% of GDP) in Paraguay.

Norway vs Paraguay GDP by year

Norway
Paraguay
1x
Year GDP, current $
Norway Paraguay
2025 $530,755,719,439 $49,278,227,554
2024 $500,886,328,034 $44,738,819,362
2023 $502,197,633,323 $43,140,465,596
2022 $617,321,834,099 $41,841,201,627
2021 $521,592,200,233 $39,937,357,256
2020 $382,252,517,922 $35,432,178,068
2019 $424,244,886,364 $37,925,338,329
2018 $454,588,871,811 $40,225,448,341
2017 $415,673,181,543 $38,997,129,474
2016 $383,284,047,619 $36,089,700,223
2015 $400,669,174,331 $36,211,447,840
2014 $515,829,568,897 $40,377,929,296
2013 $540,132,255,319 $38,501,122,141
2012 $525,082,939,407 $33,271,921,136
2011 $512,868,581,628 $33,756,238,767
2010 $440,132,138,425 $27,260,886,405
2009 $395,664,488,017 $22,355,151,162
2008 $472,060,283,688 $24,615,267,664
2007 $407,813,774,161 $17,856,393,235
2006 $349,773,283,645 $13,429,430,050
2005 $311,417,306,946 $10,737,500,188
2004 $265,662,977,688 $9,624,440,836
2003 $229,192,678,173 $7,691,367,471
2002 $195,359,978,957 $7,196,260,657
2001 $173,590,978,347 $8,495,806,432
2000 $170,620,327,660 $8,855,705,140
1999 $161,304,620,987 $8,837,070,236
1998 $152,955,958,172 $9,260,481,572
1997 $160,013,571,974 $9,965,225,678
1996 $162,427,517,132 $9,788,391,781
1995 $151,083,627,983 $9,062,131,475
1994 $126,324,387,894 $7,870,982,005
1993 $119,841,699,440 $7,249,533,620
1992 $129,998,873,602 $7,157,424,031
1991 $121,149,331,318 $6,984,367,763
1990 $119,344,377,526 $5,812,114,523
1989 $102,226,808,603 $4,757,732,200
1988 $101,497,621,605 $4,255,683,528
1987 $93,913,320,965 $3,971,044,724
1986 $78,438,205,742 $3,723,993,943
1985 $65,211,464,198 $3,282,449,236
1984 $61,866,078,539 $4,502,462,807
1983 $61,417,685,434 $5,673,248,726
1982 $62,453,362,256 $5,419,411,765
1981 $63,392,804,251 $5,624,515,873
1980 $64,176,789,764 $4,448,087,302
1979 $52,935,763,512 $3,416,777,778
1978 $46,355,988,784 $2,559,857,143
1977 $41,362,637,363 $2,092,158,730
1976 $35,815,449,464 $1,698,960,317
1975 $32,742,543,381 $1,511,420,635
1974 $27,033,413,362 $1,333,475,397
1973 $22,433,660,550 $995,531,746
1972 $17,283,931,878 $769,039,683
1971 $14,523,306,736 $664,571,429
1970 $12,753,503,479 $594,611,111
1969 $11,083,505,596 $556,293,651
1968 $10,178,705,992 $517,650,794
1967 $9,532,076,026 $492,674,603
1966 $8,712,528,095 $465,888,889
1965 $8,073,570,566 $443,587,302
1964 $7,172,430,304 $408,349,206
1963 $6,522,268,053 $383,904,762
1962 $6,078,186,245 $360,698,413
1961 $5,642,867,672 $322,053,713
1960 $5,172,811,442 $288,884,368

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/norway/paraguay | CC BY

GDP per capita in Norway vs Paraguay by year

Norway
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Paraguay
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Norway Paraguay
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $94,594 - $7,027 -
2024 $89,889 $102,038 $6,457 $18,524
2023 $90,984 $103,638 $6,303 $17,564
2022 $113,122 $125,490 $6,189 $16,347
2021 $96,443 $88,984 $5,975 $15,406
2020 $71,058 $67,111 $5,365 $14,309
2019 $79,329 $70,940 $5,821 $14,150
2018 $85,579 $70,254 $6,258 $14,139
2017 $78,771 $64,590 $6,152 $13,977
2016 $73,222 $59,280 $5,775 $13,329
2015 $77,221 $60,738 $5,879 $12,679
2014 $100,410 $66,332 $6,652 $12,607
2013 $106,333 $67,378 $6,436 $12,137
2012 $104,628 $65,774 $5,642 $10,954
2011 $103,545 $62,460 $5,805 $11,442
2010 $90,020 $58,213 $4,751 $10,893
2009 $81,940 $55,648 $3,942 $9,802
2008 $99,002 $62,073 $4,385 $9,867
2007 $86,600 $56,179 $3,212 $9,179
2006 $75,048 $54,358 $2,439 $8,561
2005 $67,358 $47,967 $1,971 $8,007
2004 $57,855 $42,667 $1,786 $7,686
2003 $50,208 $38,680 $1,444 $7,276
2002 $43,048 $38,056 $1,368 $6,924
2001 $38,458 $37,829 $1,638 $6,916
2000 $37,992 $36,994 $1,736 $6,937
1999 $36,151 $30,574 $1,766 $7,080
1998 $34,516 $28,200 $1,890 $7,227
1997 $36,324 $28,610 $2,079 $7,299
1996 $37,073 $26,826 $2,088 $7,040
1995 $34,659 $24,360 $1,979 $6,966
1994 $29,130 $23,027 $1,760 $6,542
1993 $27,793 $21,584 $1,662 $6,234
1992 $30,328 $20,623 $1,683 $5,952
1991 $28,427 $19,580 $1,685 $5,873
1990 $28,137 $18,461 $1,440 $5,637
1989 $24,185 - $1,211 -
1988 $24,112 - $1,114 -
1987 $22,430 - $1,069 -
1986 $18,822 - $1,031 -
1985 $15,704 - $935 -
1984 $14,943 - $1,319 -
1983 $14,877 - $1,710 -
1982 $15,178 - $1,680 -
1981 $15,463 - $1,793 -
1980 $15,708 - $1,457 -
1979 $12,998 - $1,149 -
1978 $11,421 - $883 -
1977 $10,230 - $740 -
1976 $8,896 - $616 -
1975 $8,171 - $562 -
1974 $6,783 - $508 -
1973 $5,664 - $389 -
1972 $4,395 - $308 -
1971 $3,721 - $272.1 -
1970 $3,291 - $249 -
1969 $2,881 - $238.2 -
1968 $2,667 - $226.8 -
1967 $2,519 - $220.9 -
1966 $2,321 - $213.9 -
1965 $2,168 - $208.7 -
1964 $1,941 - $197 -
1963 $1,779 - $189.9 -
1962 $1,670 - $182.8 -
1961 $1,563 - $167.1 -
1960 $1,444 - $153.4 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/norway/paraguay | CC BY

Norway's GDP per capita is $94,594, ranking 9/197, compared to $7,027 in Paraguay, ranking 105/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Norway ranks 7th at $102,038, while Paraguay ranks 102nd at $18,524.

Economic indicators

Norway Paraguay
Gross domestic product
$531B
2025
$49.3B
2025
GDP rank
32/197
2025
97/197
2025
GDP growth
1.09%
2024-2025
6.64%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$94,594
2025
$7,027
2025
GDP per capita rank
9/197
2025
105/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$102,038
2024
$18,524
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
7/197
2024
102/197
2024
Government debt
$239B
2025
$18.8B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
45%
2025
38.1%
2025
Government debt per person
$42,567
2025
$2,679
2025
Government debt per person rank
15/185
2025
111/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$50,036
2026
$6,874
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$296B
2019
$313M
1999
Number of millionaires
348,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
17
2026
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
21.6%
2023
35%
2024
Income share by poorest 10%
3.6%
2023
2%
2024
Government expenditure, % of GDP
49.6%
2025
19.6%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
3.06%
2024-2025
4.04%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
4.25%
2026
5.75%
2026
Unemployment rate
4.5%
2025
4.63%
2025
Population
5660666
7138671

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Norway
Spending

Debt
Paraguay
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Norway Paraguay
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 49.6% 45% 19.6% 38.1%
2024 46.9% 52.8% 20.9% 44.6%
2023 44.2% 42.4% 21.5% 41%
2022 36.2% 34.8% 20.2% 40.6%
2021 44.7% 40.1% 20.5% 37.5%
2020 54.5% 44.3% 22.6% 36.9%
2019 48.4% 39% 20.1% 25.8%
2018 46.1% 38.1% 18.5% 22.3%
2017 47.6% 36.9% 18.1% 19.8%
2016 48.8% 36.7% 17.7% 19.4%
2015 46.7% 33.2% 18% 18.6%
2014 44% 28.8% 17.1% 15.6%
2013 42.3% 30.6% 17.1% 13.5%
2012 41.4% 30.2% 17.6% 12.3%
2011 42.3% 28.9% 14.7% 11.1%
2010 43.6% 42.1% 13.3% 13%
2009 44.7% 41.7% 14.3% 14.9%
2008 39.2% 46.8% 11.8% 16%
2007 40.5% 48.9% 13.1% 16.8%
2006 40.1% 52.2% 14.1% 21%
2005 41.6% 42.1% 14% 28.3%
2004 44.7% 43.8% 14% 36%
2003 47.7% 43.1% 14.6% 37.5%
2002 46.3% 34% 17.6% 50.5%
2001 43.4% 27.3% 19% 37.1%
2000 41.5% 28.8% 19.6% 33.6%
1999 46.7% 25.1% 19.2% 32%
1998 48.2% 23.8% 18% 22.1%
1997 45.9% 26% 18.1% 18%
1996 47.4% 28.6% 16.9% 16.8%
1995 49.6% 32.9% 15.7% 17.6%
1994 49.7% 51% 14.5% 18.7%
1993 50.5% 54% 12.9% 26.6%
1992 51.6% 45.3% 13% 34.4%
1991 50.3% 39.5% 11.4% 49.4%
1990 49.1% 29.1% 10.5% 67%
1989 52.2% 30.4% 11.8% 52.9%
1988 52.6% 30.5% 9.75% 58.9%
1987 50.5% 31.3% 10.1% 68.7%
1986 48.1% 37.8% 9.25% 57.1%
1985 44% 30.2% 11.4% 54.7%
1984 44.5% 27.8% 13% 31%
1983 46.4% 27.4% 13% 22.6%
1982 46.6% 29.7% 13.2% 21.3%
1981 46.1% 32.9% 13.3% 17.4%
1980 46.1% 36.8% 11.6% 17.4%
1979 47.2% 39.6% 11.7% 19.7%
1978 47.9% 49.9% 11.9% 20.9%
1977 46.5% 43.8% 11.2% 18.8%
1976 45.2% 38.5% 9.8% 14.1%
1975 43.5% 36.7% 10.5% 12.6%
1974 42.2% 35.4% 9.44% 12.5%
1973 42.3% 37.7% 11.2% 15.4%
1972 42.2% 38.9% 12.5% 18.2%
1971 40.7% 38.5% 12.3% 18.9%
1970 38.9% 38.6% 13.3% 19.2%
1969 38% 22.3% 14% -
1968 36.2% 22.5% 13.5% -
1967 34.9% 22.6% 12.2% -
1966 33.5% 22.4% - -
1965 32.9% 23% - -
1964 32% 24.2% - -
1963 31.9% 25.3% - -
1962 30.6% 26.7% - -
1961 20.4% 27.7% - -
1960 18% 29.8% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/norway/paraguay | CC BY

In 2025, Norway's government spending was $263B, accounting for 49.6% of its GDP, while Paraguay spent $9.66B, or 19.6% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 45% in Norway and 38.1% in Paraguay, ranking 117/185 and 138/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Norway

Paraguay
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Norway Paraguay
2025 9.34% -1.69%
2024 12.8% -2.1%
2023 15.9% -3.81%
2022 24.7% -2.65%
2021 9.93% -3.39%
2020 -2.46% -5.72%
2019 6.28% -2.44%
2018 7.56% -1.01%
2017 4.79% -0.44%
2016 3.91% -0.37%
2015 5.8% -0.44%
2014 8.34% -0.27%
2013 10.3% -1.16%
2012 13.4% -0.58%
2011 13% 1.29%
2010 10.6% 1.54%
2009 10% 0.59%
2008 18.3% 2.29%
2007 16.8% 1.27%
2006 17.7% 0.91%
2005 14.7% 0.74%
2004 10.8% 1.33%
2003 7.21% -0.07%
2002 9.05% -1.89%
2001 13.2% 0.07%
2000 15.1% -0.55%
1999 5.75% 2.67%
1998 3.09% 4.28%
1997 7.41% 3%
1996 6.05% 2.43%
1995 2.98% 2.78%
1994 0.04% 4.59%
1993 -1.65% 4.27%
1992 -2.08% 3.1%
1991 -0.12% 3.41%
1990 1.96% 7.56%
1989 1.81% 5.48%
1988 2.65% 3.01%
1987 4.56% 2.68%
1986 5.87% 3.08%
1985 9.84% 0.85%
1984 6.97% -0.42%
1983 6.03% 0.27%
1982 3.96% 1.52%
1981 4.82% 0.15%
1980 5.38% 3.4%
1979 2.16% 4.13%
1978 0.94% -3.42%
1977 1.01% -0.19%
1976 2.2% -0.06%
1975 2.88% -1.24%
1974 4.06% 1.67%
1973 4.99% -0.91%
1972 3.93% -2.51%
1971 3.71% -1.25%
1970 2.83% -1.26%
1969 3.57% -1.62%
1968 3.38% -2.34%
1967 4.19% -1.7%
1966 3.59% -
1965 2.78% -
1964 3.08% -
1963 2.6% -
1962 4% -
1961 -0.7% -
1960 1.42% -
1959 1.89% -
1958 1.7% -
1957 1.55% -
1956 1.22% -
1955 0.82% -
1954 -0.54% -
1953 1.3% -
1952 2.15% -
1951 1.59% -
1950 -0.89% -
1949 -0.72% -
1948 -0.35% -
1947 -4.66% -
1946 -3.82% -
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 -0.54% -
1938 0.03% -
1937 -0.16% -
1936 -0.7% -
1935 -1.1% -
1934 -0.59% -
1933 -1.29% -
1932 -1.14% -
1931 -1.15% -
1930 -0.46% -
1929 -0.83% -
1928 -0.81% -
1927 -0.76% -
1926 -1.59% -
1925 -1.92% -
1924 -2.96% -
1923 -3.58% -
1922 -4.28% -
1921 -5.47% -
1920 -1.15% -
1919 -2.11% -
1918 -1.17% -
1917 0.2% -
1916 -0.36% -
1915 -2.04% -
1914 -1.09% -
1913 -0.9% -
1912 -0.89% -
1911 -0.05% -
1910 0.3% -
1909 -0.52% -
1908 -0.06% -
1907 0.16% -
1906 -0.59% -
1905 -0.52% -
1904 -0.75% -
1903 -1.12% -
1902 -1.52% -
1901 -1.41% -
1900 -1.99% -
1899 -1.35% -
1898 -1.39% -
1897 -0.63% -
1896 -1.57% -
1895 -1.66% -
1894 -1.13% -
1893 -1.25% -
1892 -0.94% -
1891 -0.44% -
1890 -0.2% -
1889 -0.07% -
1888 -0.23% -
1887 -0.17% -
1886 -0.2% -
1885 -0.005% -
1884 -0.08% -
1883 -0.17% -
1882 -0.62% -
1881 -1.13% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1881–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/norway/paraguay | CC BY

In 2025, Norway's government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $49.6B, equivalent to 9.34% of GDP. This compares to Paraguay's deficit of $832M, or 1.69% of GDP.

Over the past 59 years, Norway recorded a fiscal deficit in 4 of those years, while Paraguay ran a deficit in 29 years. On average, Norway posted an annual surplus equal to 6.82% of GDP, compared to surplus of 0.49% of GDP for Paraguay.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Norway

Paraguay
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Norway Paraguay
2025 3.06% 4.04%
2024 3.15% 3.84%
2023 5.52% 4.63%
2022 5.76% 9.77%
2021 3.48% 4.79%
2020 1.29% 1.77%
2019 2.17% 2.76%
2018 2.76% 3.98%
2017 1.88% 3.6%
2016 3.55% 4.09%
2015 2.17% 3.13%
2014 2.04% 5.03%
2013 2.12% 2.68%
2012 0.7% 3.68%
2011 1.28% 8.25%
2010 2.42% 4.65%
2009 2.2% 2.59%
2008 3.75% 10.2%
2007 0.71% 8.13%
2006 2.33% 9.59%
2005 1.53% 6.81%
2004 0.45% 4.32%
2003 2.49% 14.2%
2002 1.29% 10.5%
2001 3% 7.27%
2000 3.09% 8.98%
1999 2.37% 6.75%
1998 2.25% 11.6%
1997 2.57% 6.95%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/norway/paraguay | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Norway has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.46%, compared with 6.16% in Paraguay. In 2025, inflation was 3.06% in Norway and 4.04% in Paraguay.

Top exports between countries

Norway
Export category Export value
Chemicals & pharma $485K
Machinery & equipment $286K
Raw materials & minerals $183K
Miscellaneous $99K
Textiles & consumer goods $85K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $29K
Raw agricultural goods $12K
Wood & paper products $1K
Paraguay
Export category Export value
Animal & marine products $730K
Metals $256K
Raw agricultural goods $178K
Wood & paper products $108K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $19K
Machinery & equipment $15K
Textiles & consumer goods $1K

Balance of trade

Norway Paraguay
Current account balance
$74.1B
2025
-$1.57B
2025
Current account balance ranking
10/190
2025
131/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
+14%
2025
-3.18%
2025
Goods imports
$105B
2025
$17.5B
2025
Goods exports
$177B
2025
$15.4B
2025
Service imports
$73.9B
2025
$2.75B
2025
Service exports
$63.5B
2025
$3.72B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
33.7%
2025
39.3%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
45.4%
2025
37.2%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Norway Paraguay
Economic freedom 78.8 66.4
Economic freedom ranking 9/197 61/197
Property rights 99.6 44.2
Government integrity 94.3 27.3
Judicial effectiveness 96.4 38.4
Tax burden 63.3 95.9
Government spending 42 86.9
Fiscal health 96.4 83
Business freedom 91.2 72
Labor freedom 69.3 44.1
Monetary freedom 72.4 76.5
Trade freedom 85.6 78.4
Investment freedom 75 80
Financial freedom 60 70

Economic freedom comparison by year

Norway
Paraguay
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Norway Paraguay
2026 78.8 66.4
2025 78.3 65.2
2024 77.5 60.1
2023 76.9 61
2022 76.9 62.9
2021 73.4 62.6
2020 73.4 63
2019 73 61.8
2018 74.3 62.1
2017 74 62.4
2016 70.8 61.5
2015 71.8 61.1
2014 70.9 62
2013 70.5 61.1
2012 68.8 61.8
2011 70.3 62.3
2010 69.4 61.3
2009 70.2 61
2008 68.6 60
2007 67.9 58.3
2006 67.9 55.6
2005 64.5 53.4
2004 66.2 56.7
2003 67.2 58.2
2002 67.4 59.6
2001 67.1 60.3
2000 70.1 64
1999 68.6 63.7
1998 68 65.2
1997 65.1 67.3
1996 65.4 67.1
1995 - 65.9

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/norway/paraguay | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Norway is 78.8, ranking 9/197, compared to 66.4 for Paraguay, ranking 61/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Norway Paraguay
Services, % of GDP
55%
2025
48.1%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
34.5%
2025
32.3%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.64%
2025
11.6%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$546B
2025
$47.4B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$107,770
2025
$19,390
2025
Total reserves including gold
$85.5B
2025
$9.57B
2024
Total reserves ranking
34/177
2025
82/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$8.93B
2025
-$945M
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$12.1B
2024
$1.1B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$5.62B
2024
$166M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
4.58%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
12.2%
2021
20.1%
2024
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.2%
2025
25.3%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1881–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2020–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.