Skip to content

Economy of Norway vs Oman compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Norway has a GDP of $531B compared to $110B for Oman, ranking 32/197 and 70/197 by economy size, respectively.

Norway has $239B in government debt (45% of GDP), compared to $39.2B (35.8% of GDP) in Oman.

Norway vs Oman GDP by year

Norway
Oman
1x
Year GDP, current $
Norway Oman
2025 $530,755,719,439 $109,604,780,696
2024 $500,886,328,034 $107,137,198,700
2023 $502,197,633,323 $106,174,707,932
2022 $617,321,834,099 $109,852,795,839
2021 $521,592,200,233 $87,323,797,139
2020 $382,252,517,922 $75,909,492,848
2019 $424,244,886,364 $88,060,858,257
2018 $454,588,871,811 $91,505,851,756
2017 $415,673,181,543 $80,856,697,009
2016 $383,284,047,619 $75,128,738,622
2015 $400,669,174,331 $78,710,793,238
2014 $515,829,568,897 $92,699,089,727
2013 $540,132,255,319 $89,936,020,806
2012 $525,082,939,407 $87,408,842,653
2011 $512,868,581,628 $77,497,529,259
2010 $440,132,138,425 $64,993,498,049
2009 $395,664,488,017 $55,454,096,229
2008 $472,060,283,688 $69,804,681,404
2007 $407,813,774,161 $48,300,390,117
2006 $349,773,283,645 $42,577,633,290
2005 $311,417,306,946 $35,506,892,068
2004 $265,662,977,688 $28,378,933,680
2003 $229,192,678,173 $24,733,680,104
2002 $195,359,978,957 $23,065,539,662
2001 $173,590,978,347 $22,205,721,717
2000 $170,620,327,660 $22,259,557,867
1999 $161,304,620,987 $17,832,769,831
1998 $152,955,958,172 $16,044,213,264
1997 $160,013,571,974 $18,039,791,938
1996 $162,427,517,132 $17,402,080,624
1995 $151,083,627,983 $15,722,236,671
1994 $126,324,387,894 $14,715,214,564
1993 $119,841,699,440 $14,230,429,129
1992 $129,998,873,602 $14,183,615,085
1991 $121,149,331,318 $12,918,335,501
1990 $119,344,377,526 $13,310,273,082
1989 $102,226,808,603 $9,372,171,651
1988 $101,497,621,605 $8,386,215,865
1987 $93,913,320,965 $7,811,183,095
1986 $78,438,205,742 $7,324,167,369
1985 $65,211,464,198 $10,005,645,420
1984 $61,866,078,539 $8,821,443,151
1983 $61,417,685,434 $7,932,541,691
1982 $62,453,362,256 $7,554,719,456
1981 $63,392,804,251 $7,259,120,151
1980 $64,176,789,764 $5,981,760,278
1979 $52,935,763,512 $3,733,352,635
1978 $46,355,988,784 $2,740,301,390
1977 $41,362,637,363 $2,741,169,948
1976 $35,815,449,464 $2,560,220,035
1975 $32,742,543,381 $2,096,699,189
1974 $27,033,413,362 $1,645,917,776
1973 $22,433,660,550 $483,066,991
1972 $17,283,931,878 $366,883,548
1971 $14,523,306,736 $301,010,587
1970 $12,753,503,479 $256,319,795
1969 $11,083,505,596 $239,999,808
1968 $10,178,705,992 $188,879,849
1967 $9,532,076,026 $107,151,832
1966 $8,712,528,095 $67,759,973
1965 $8,073,570,566 $63,279,975
1964 $7,172,430,304 $61,872,526
1963 $6,522,268,053 $59,912,763
1962 $6,078,186,245 $56,273,202
1961 $5,642,867,672 $45,634,487
1960 $5,172,811,442 $44,234,656

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/norway/oman | CC BY

GDP per capita in Norway vs Oman by year

Norway
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Oman
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Norway Oman
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $94,594 - $19,947 -
2024 $89,889 $102,038 $20,285 $41,740
2023 $90,984 $103,638 $21,028 $41,945
2022 $113,122 $125,490 $23,224 $42,616
2021 $96,443 $88,984 $19,403 $38,719
2020 $71,058 $67,111 $16,785 $35,163
2019 $79,329 $70,940 $19,180 $37,251
2018 $85,579 $70,254 $19,902 $37,780
2017 $78,771 $64,590 $17,820 $33,619
2016 $73,222 $59,280 $17,110 $33,334
2015 $77,221 $60,738 $18,808 $36,058
2014 $100,410 $66,332 $23,161 $44,236
2013 $106,333 $67,378 $23,458 $47,013
2012 $104,628 $65,774 $24,642 $49,989
2011 $103,545 $62,460 $25,188 $52,393
2010 $90,020 $58,213 $23,570 $55,667
2009 $81,940 $55,648 $20,656 $55,127
2008 $99,002 $62,073 $26,577 $52,841
2007 $86,600 $56,179 $18,793 $48,627
2006 $75,048 $54,358 $16,931 $46,091
2005 $67,358 $47,967 $14,435 $43,673
2004 $57,855 $42,667 $11,801 $42,142
2003 $50,208 $38,680 $10,464 $40,935
2002 $43,048 $38,056 $9,869 $41,511
2001 $38,458 $37,829 $9,612 $41,679
2000 $37,992 $36,994 $9,754 $39,443
1999 $36,151 $30,574 $7,915 $36,792
1998 $34,516 $28,200 $7,219 $36,666
1997 $36,324 $28,610 $8,235 $36,809
1996 $37,073 $26,826 $8,068 $34,661
1995 $34,659 $24,360 $7,414 $33,598
1994 $29,130 $23,027 $7,068 $31,925
1993 $27,793 $21,584 $7,039 $30,987
1992 $30,328 $20,623 $7,318 $29,773
1991 $28,427 $19,580 $6,977 $28,109
1990 $28,137 $18,461 $7,546 $26,904
1989 $24,185 - $5,591 -
1988 $24,112 - $5,279 -
1987 $22,430 - $5,204 -
1986 $18,822 - $5,182 -
1985 $15,704 - $7,549 -
1984 $14,943 - $7,070 -
1983 $14,877 - $6,714 -
1982 $15,178 - $6,759 -
1981 $15,463 - $6,866 -
1980 $15,708 - $5,974 -
1979 $12,998 - $3,934 -
1978 $11,421 - $3,044 -
1977 $10,230 - $3,205 -
1976 $8,896 - $3,143 -
1975 $8,171 - $2,692 -
1974 $6,783 - $2,203 -
1973 $5,664 - $670 -
1972 $4,395 - $524 -
1971 $3,721 - $442 -
1970 $3,291 - $387 -
1969 $2,881 - $372 -
1968 $2,667 - $300 -
1967 $2,519 - $174.7 -
1966 $2,321 - $113.2 -
1965 $2,168 - $108.1 -
1964 $1,941 - $108.1 -
1963 $1,779 - $106.8 -
1962 $1,670 - $102.3 -
1961 $1,563 - $84.5 -
1960 $1,444 - $83.4 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/norway/oman | CC BY

Norway's GDP per capita is $94,594, ranking 9/197, compared to $19,947 in Oman, ranking 60/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Norway ranks 7th at $102,038, while Oman ranks 55th at $41,740.

Economic indicators

Norway Oman
Gross domestic product
$531B
2025
$110B
2025
GDP rank
32/197
2025
70/197
2025
GDP growth
1.09%
2024-2025
2.4%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$94,594
2025
$19,947
2025
GDP per capita rank
9/197
2025
60/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$102,038
2024
$41,740
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
7/197
2024
55/197
2024
Government debt
$239B
2025
$39.2B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
45%
2025
35.8%
2025
Government debt per person
$42,567
2025
$7,132
2025
Government debt per person rank
15/185
2025
70/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$50,036
2026
$19,851
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$296B
2019
$41.3B
2025
Number of millionaires
348,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
17
2026
2
2026
Income share by richest 10%
21.6%
2023
n/a
Income share by poorest 10%
3.6%
2023
n/a
Government expenditure, % of GDP
49.6%
2025
28.9%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
3.06%
2024-2025
1%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
4.25%
2026
4.5%
2025
Unemployment rate
4.5%
2025
3.3%
2024
Population
5660666
5775345

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Norway
Spending

Debt
Oman
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Norway Oman
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 49.6% 45% 28.9% 35.8%
2024 46.9% 52.8% 28.7% 35.5%
2023 44.2% 42.4% 27.5% 37.4%
2022 36.2% 34.8% 31.1% 41.7%
2021 44.7% 40.1% 36.5% 61.9%
2020 54.5% 44.3% 44.5% 67.9%
2019 48.4% 39% 38.8% 52.5%
2018 46.1% 38.1% 38.3% 44.7%
2017 47.6% 36.9% 39.4% 40.1%
2016 48.8% 36.7% 44.6% 29.3%
2015 46.7% 33.2% 44.5% 13.9%
2014 44% 28.8% 41.4% 4.04%
2013 42.3% 30.6% 39.3% 4.66%
2012 41.4% 30.2% 38.6% 4.59%
2011 42.3% 28.9% 34.5% 4.44%
2010 43.6% 42.1% 30.6% 5.46%
2009 44.7% 41.7% 33.4% 5.8%
2008 39.2% 46.8% 25.6% 3.2%
2007 40.5% 48.9% 30.7% 4.44%
2006 40.1% 52.2% 30.1% 7.56%
2005 41.6% 42.1% 30.6% 8.39%
2004 44.7% 43.8% 34.1% 14.5%
2003 47.7% 43.1% 34% 13%
2002 46.3% 34% 34.1% 15.9%
2001 43.4% 27.3% 33.3% 22.5%
2000 41.5% 28.8% 31.2% 21.7%
1999 46.7% 25.1% 34.2% 28.9%
1998 48.2% 23.8% 36.1% 30.9%
1997 45.9% 26% 32.1% 20.8%
1996 47.4% 28.6% 33.5% 21.2%
1995 49.6% 32.9% 38.2% 21.9%
1994 49.7% 51% 39.7% 23.6%
1993 50.5% 54% 40.1% 22.2%
1992 51.6% 45.3% 40.1% 23.1%
1991 50.3% 39.5% 37.4% 22.6%
1990 49.1% 29.1% 36.5% 17.8%
1989 52.2% 30.4% - -
1988 52.6% 30.5% - -
1987 50.5% 31.3% - -
1986 48.1% 37.8% - -
1985 44% 30.2% - -
1984 44.5% 27.8% - -
1983 46.4% 27.4% - -
1982 46.6% 29.7% - -
1981 46.1% 32.9% - -
1980 46.1% 36.8% - -
1979 47.2% 39.6% - -
1978 47.9% 49.9% - -
1977 46.5% 43.8% - -
1976 45.2% 38.5% - -
1975 43.5% 36.7% - -
1974 42.2% 35.4% - -
1973 42.3% 37.7% - -
1972 42.2% 38.9% - -
1971 40.7% 38.5% - -
1970 38.9% 38.6% - -
1969 38% 22.3% - -
1968 36.2% 22.5% - -
1967 34.9% 22.6% - -
1966 33.5% 22.4% - -
1965 32.9% 23% - -
1964 32% 24.2% - -
1963 31.9% 25.3% - -
1962 30.6% 26.7% - -
1961 20.4% 27.7% - -
1960 18% 29.8% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/norway/oman | CC BY

In 2025, Norway's government spending was $263B, accounting for 49.6% of its GDP, while Oman spent $31.7B, or 28.9% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 45% in Norway and 35.8% in Oman, ranking 117/185 and 142/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Norway

Oman
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Norway Oman
2025 9.34% 1.04%
2024 12.8% 3.22%
2023 15.9% 6.72%
2022 24.7% 10.3%
2021 9.93% -3.17%
2020 -2.46% -15.7%
2019 6.28% -4.83%
2018 7.56% -6.72%
2017 4.79% -10.5%
2016 3.91% -19.6%
2015 5.8% -13.5%
2014 8.34% -1.58%
2013 10.3% 2.78%
2012 13.4% 4.07%
2011 13% 8.24%
2010 10.6% 4.95%
2009 10% -0.27%
2008 18.3% 14.7%
2007 16.8% 10.5%
2006 17.7% 12.2%
2005 14.7% 11.2%
2004 10.8% 5.43%
2003 7.21% 5.92%
2002 9.05% 5.31%
2001 13.2% 7.55%
2000 15.1% 12.2%
1999 5.75% 0.3%
1998 3.09% -4.37%
1997 7.41% 4.77%
1996 6.05% 2.22%
1995 2.98% -3.9%
1994 0.04% -7.47%
1993 -1.65% -6.84%
1992 -2.08% -4.85%
1991 -0.12% 0.12%
1990 1.96% 4.78%
1989 1.81% -
1988 2.65% -
1987 4.56% -
1986 5.87% -
1985 9.84% -
1984 6.97% -
1983 6.03% -
1982 3.96% -
1981 4.82% -
1980 5.38% -
1979 2.16% -
1978 0.94% -
1977 1.01% -
1976 2.2% -
1975 2.88% -
1974 4.06% -
1973 4.99% -
1972 3.93% -
1971 3.71% -
1970 2.83% -
1969 3.57% -
1968 3.38% -
1967 4.19% -
1966 3.59% -
1965 2.78% -
1964 3.08% -
1963 2.6% -
1962 4% -
1961 -0.7% -
1960 1.42% -
1959 1.89% -
1958 1.7% -
1957 1.55% -
1956 1.22% -
1955 0.82% -
1954 -0.54% -
1953 1.3% -
1952 2.15% -
1951 1.59% -
1950 -0.89% -
1949 -0.72% -
1948 -0.35% -
1947 -4.66% -
1946 -3.82% -
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 -0.54% -
1938 0.03% -
1937 -0.16% -
1936 -0.7% -
1935 -1.1% -
1934 -0.59% -
1933 -1.29% -
1932 -1.14% -
1931 -1.15% -
1930 -0.46% -
1929 -0.83% -
1928 -0.81% -
1927 -0.76% -
1926 -1.59% -
1925 -1.92% -
1924 -2.96% -
1923 -3.58% -
1922 -4.28% -
1921 -5.47% -
1920 -1.15% -
1919 -2.11% -
1918 -1.17% -
1917 0.2% -
1916 -0.36% -
1915 -2.04% -
1914 -1.09% -
1913 -0.9% -
1912 -0.89% -
1911 -0.05% -
1910 0.3% -
1909 -0.52% -
1908 -0.06% -
1907 0.16% -
1906 -0.59% -
1905 -0.52% -
1904 -0.75% -
1903 -1.12% -
1902 -1.52% -
1901 -1.41% -
1900 -1.99% -
1899 -1.35% -
1898 -1.39% -
1897 -0.63% -
1896 -1.57% -
1895 -1.66% -
1894 -1.13% -
1893 -1.25% -
1892 -0.94% -
1891 -0.44% -
1890 -0.2% -
1889 -0.07% -
1888 -0.23% -
1887 -0.17% -
1886 -0.2% -
1885 -0.005% -
1884 -0.08% -
1883 -0.17% -
1882 -0.62% -
1881 -1.13% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1881–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/norway/oman | CC BY

In 2025, Norway's government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $49.6B, equivalent to 9.34% of GDP. This compares to Oman's surplus of $1.14B, or 1.04% of GDP.

Over the past 36 years, Norway recorded a fiscal deficit in 4 of those years, while Oman ran a deficit in 14 years. On average, Norway posted an annual surplus equal to 8.62% of GDP, compared to surplus of 0.98% of GDP for Oman.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Norway

Oman
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Norway Oman
2025 3.06% 1%
2024 3.15% 0.6%
2023 5.52% 1%
2022 5.76% 2.5%
2021 3.48% 1.7%
2020 1.29% -0.4%
2019 2.17% 0.5%
2018 2.76% 0.7%
2017 1.88% 1.5%
2016 3.55% 0.9%
2015 2.17% 0.1%
2014 2.04% 1.2%
2013 2.12% 1.3%
2012 0.7% 2.9%
2011 1.28% 4.1%
2010 2.42% 3.3%
2009 2.2% 3.5%
2008 3.75% 12.6%
2007 0.71% 5.9%
2006 2.33% 3.2%
2005 1.53% 1.9%
2004 0.45% 0.8%
2003 2.49% 0.2%
2002 1.29% -0.3%
2001 3% -0.8%
2000 3.09% -1.2%
1999 2.37% 0.5%
1998 2.25% 0.4%
1997 2.57% -0.4%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/norway/oman | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Norway has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.46%, compared with 1.7% in Oman. In 2025, inflation was 3.06% in Norway and 1% in Oman.

Top exports between countries

Norway
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $6.69M
Animal & marine products $1.83M
Chemicals & pharma $1.74M
Wood & paper products $857K
Metals $717K
Textiles & consumer goods $643K
Weapons & explosives $478K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $166K
Miscellaneous $136K
Raw materials & minerals $68K
Oman
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $10.7M
Metals $8.01M
Machinery & equipment $2.63M
Weapons & explosives $601K
Textiles & consumer goods $213K
Raw materials & minerals $189K
Wood & paper products $52K
Raw agricultural goods $28K
Chemicals & pharma $11K
Miscellaneous $8K

Balance of trade

Norway Oman
Current account balance
$74.1B
2025
$3.07B
2024
Current account balance ranking
10/190
2025
37/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+14%
2025
+2.86%
2024
Goods imports
$105B
2025
$39.5B
2024
Goods exports
$177B
2025
$65.2B
2024
Service imports
$73.9B
2025
$12.8B
2024
Service exports
$63.5B
2025
$5.64B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
33.7%
2025
48.8%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
45.4%
2025
66.1%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Norway Oman
Economic freedom 78.8 68.5
Economic freedom ranking 9/197 45/197
Property rights 99.6 71.8
Government integrity 94.3 49.4
Judicial effectiveness 96.4 28
Tax burden 63.3 97.6
Government spending 42 74.7
Fiscal health 96.4 97.5
Business freedom 91.2 67.8
Labor freedom 69.3 47.7
Monetary freedom 72.4 79.2
Trade freedom 85.6 78.4
Investment freedom 75 70
Financial freedom 60 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Norway
Oman
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Norway Oman
2026 78.8 68.5
2025 78.3 65.4
2024 77.5 62.9
2023 76.9 58.5
2022 76.9 56.6
2021 73.4 64.6
2020 73.4 63.6
2019 73 61
2018 74.3 61
2017 74 62.1
2016 70.8 67.1
2015 71.8 66.7
2014 70.9 67.4
2013 70.5 68.1
2012 68.8 67.9
2011 70.3 69.8
2010 69.4 67.7
2009 70.2 67
2008 68.6 67.3
2007 67.9 65.8
2006 67.9 63.7
2005 64.5 66.5
2004 66.2 66.9
2003 67.2 64.6
2002 67.4 64
2001 67.1 67.7
2000 70.1 64.1
1999 68.6 64.9
1998 68 64.9
1997 65.1 64.5
1996 65.4 65.4
1995 - 70.2

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/norway/oman | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Norway is 78.8, ranking 9/197, compared to 68.5 for Oman, ranking 45/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Norway Oman
Services, % of GDP
55%
2025
47.2%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
34.5%
2025
52.7%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.64%
2025
2.81%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$546B
2025
$103B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$107,770
2025
$39,390
2024
Total reserves including gold
$85.5B
2025
$18.3B
2024
Total reserves ranking
34/177
2025
68/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$8.93B
2025
-$12.6B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$12.1B
2024
$12.5B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$5.62B
2024
-$143M
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
12.2%
2021
n/a
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.2%
2025
24.8%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/norway/oman | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Help us show the world through your eyes

Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.

Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1881–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2021–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.