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Economy of Ecuador vs Norway compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Ecuador has a GDP of $130B compared to $531B for Norway, ranking 64/197 and 32/197 by economy size, respectively.

Ecuador has $70.9B in government debt (54.4% of GDP), compared to $239B (45% of GDP) in Norway.

Ecuador vs Norway GDP by year

Ecuador
Norway
1x
Year GDP, current $
Ecuador Norway
2025 $130,320,560,400 $530,755,719,439
2024 $123,802,374,000 $500,886,328,034
2023 $120,792,801,000 $502,197,633,323
2022 $116,133,121,000 $617,321,834,099
2021 $107,179,074,000 $521,592,200,233
2020 $95,865,473,000 $382,252,517,922
2019 $107,595,830,000 $424,244,886,364
2018 $107,478,961,000 $454,588,871,811
2017 $104,467,486,000 $415,673,181,543
2016 $97,671,433,000 $383,284,047,619
2015 $97,209,558,000 $400,669,174,331
2014 $102,717,794,000 $515,829,568,897
2013 $96,570,334,000 $540,132,255,319
2012 $87,735,048,000 $525,082,939,407
2011 $78,986,648,000 $512,868,581,628
2010 $68,151,329,000 $440,132,138,425
2009 $60,094,978,000 $395,664,488,017
2008 $61,139,438,000 $472,060,283,688
2007 $49,848,725,000 $407,813,774,161
2006 $45,690,762,000 $349,773,283,645
2005 $40,278,849,000 $311,417,306,946
2004 $35,194,947,000 $265,662,977,688
2003 $30,965,208,000 $229,192,678,173
2002 $27,054,197,000 $195,359,978,957
2001 $23,127,055,000 $173,590,978,347
2000 $17,539,454,727 $170,620,327,660
1999 $19,645,272,636 $161,304,620,987
1998 $27,981,896,948 $152,955,958,172
1997 $28,162,053,027 $160,013,571,974
1996 $25,226,393,197 $162,427,517,132
1995 $24,432,884,442 $151,083,627,983
1994 $22,708,673,337 $126,324,387,894
1993 $18,938,717,359 $119,841,699,440
1992 $18,094,238,119 $129,998,873,602
1991 $16,988,535,268 $121,149,331,318
1990 $15,239,272,612 $119,344,377,526
1989 $13,890,823,705 $102,226,808,603
1988 $13,051,881,851 $101,497,621,605
1987 $13,945,426,859 $93,913,320,965
1986 $15,314,138,472 $78,438,205,742
1985 $17,149,088,413 $65,211,464,198
1984 $16,912,509,092 $61,866,078,539
1983 $17,152,477,037 $61,417,685,434
1982 $19,929,846,396 $62,453,362,256
1981 $21,810,759,354 $63,392,804,251
1980 $17,881,508,242 $64,176,789,764
1979 $14,175,160,902 $52,935,763,512
1978 $11,922,497,876 $46,355,988,784
1977 $11,026,342,618 $41,362,637,363
1976 $9,091,921,030 $35,815,449,464
1975 $7,731,674,472 $32,742,543,381
1974 $6,599,257,044 $27,033,413,362
1973 $3,891,754,150 $22,433,660,550
1972 $3,185,986,087 $17,283,931,878
1971 $2,754,219,271 $14,523,306,736
1970 $2,862,503,139 $12,753,503,479
1969 $3,112,165,727 $11,083,505,596
1968 $2,582,179,864 $10,178,705,992
1967 $2,553,595,172 $9,532,076,026
1966 $2,429,308,639 $8,712,528,095
1965 $2,387,047,396 $8,073,570,566
1964 $2,244,146,103 $7,172,430,304
1963 $1,824,343,871 $6,522,268,053
1962 $1,518,207,703 $6,078,186,245
1961 $1,753,850,955 $5,642,867,672
1960 $2,069,464,937 $5,172,811,442

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/ecuador/norway | CC BY

GDP per capita in Ecuador vs Norway by year

Ecuador
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Norway
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Ecuador Norway
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $7,125 - $94,594 -
2024 $6,827 $15,840 $89,889 $102,038
2023 $6,718 $15,919 $90,984 $103,638
2022 $6,516 $15,198 $113,122 $125,490
2021 $6,061 $13,507 $96,443 $88,984
2020 $5,464 $11,527 $71,058 $67,111
2019 $6,205 $12,543 $79,329 $70,940
2018 $6,304 $12,187 $85,579 $70,254
2017 $6,233 $11,793 $78,771 $64,590
2016 $5,918 $10,881 $73,222 $59,280
2015 $5,976 $10,878 $77,221 $60,738
2014 $6,406 $11,836 $100,410 $66,332
2013 $6,109 $11,296 $106,333 $67,378
2012 $5,634 $10,245 $104,628 $65,774
2011 $5,154 $9,769 $103,545 $62,460
2010 $4,520 $8,969 $90,020 $58,213
2009 $4,053 $8,662 $81,940 $55,648
2008 $4,195 $8,663 $99,002 $62,073
2007 $3,479 $8,112 $86,600 $56,179
2006 $3,244 $7,885 $75,048 $54,358
2005 $2,909 $7,457 $67,358 $47,967
2004 $2,586 $6,980 $57,855 $42,667
2003 $2,316 $6,475 $50,208 $38,680
2002 $2,059 $6,282 $43,048 $38,056
2001 $1,791 $5,999 $38,458 $37,829
2000 $1,382 $5,728 $37,992 $36,994
1999 $1,575 $5,638 $36,151 $30,574
1998 $2,284 $5,940 $34,516 $28,200
1997 $2,341 $5,793 $36,324 $28,610
1996 $2,136 $5,560 $37,073 $26,826
1995 $2,108 $5,469 $34,659 $24,360
1994 $1,997 $5,339 $29,130 $23,027
1993 $1,698 $5,112 $27,793 $21,584
1992 $1,655 $4,998 $30,328 $20,623
1991 $1,587 $4,887 $28,427 $19,580
1990 $1,455 $4,632 $28,137 $18,461
1989 $1,356 - $24,185 -
1988 $1,304 - $24,112 -
1987 $1,426 - $22,430 -
1986 $1,604 - $18,822 -
1985 $1,842 - $15,704 -
1984 $1,864 - $14,943 -
1983 $1,940 - $14,877 -
1982 $2,314 - $15,178 -
1981 $2,601 - $15,463 -
1980 $2,190 - $15,708 -
1979 $1,783 - $12,998 -
1978 $1,541 - $11,421 -
1977 $1,465 - $10,230 -
1976 $1,242 - $8,896 -
1975 $1,086 - $8,171 -
1974 $954 - $6,783 -
1973 $579 - $5,664 -
1972 $488 - $4,395 -
1971 $434 - $3,721 -
1970 $465 - $3,291 -
1969 $521 - $2,881 -
1968 $445 - $2,667 -
1967 $454 - $2,519 -
1966 $445 - $2,321 -
1965 $450 - $2,168 -
1964 $436 - $1,941 -
1963 $365 - $1,779 -
1962 $312 - $1,670 -
1961 $371 - $1,563 -
1960 $451 - $1,444 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/ecuador/norway | CC BY

Ecuador's GDP per capita is $7,125, ranking 102/197, compared to $94,594 in Norway, ranking 9/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Ecuador ranks 110th at $15,840, while Norway ranks 7th at $102,038.

Economic indicators

Ecuador Norway
Gross domestic product
$130B
2025
$531B
2025
GDP rank
64/197
2025
32/197
2025
GDP growth
3.73%
2024-2025
1.09%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$7,125
2025
$94,594
2025
GDP per capita rank
102/197
2025
9/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$15,840
2024
$102,038
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
110/197
2024
7/197
2024
Government debt
$70.9B
2025
$239B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
54.4%
2025
45%
2025
Government debt per person
$3,877
2025
$42,567
2025
Government debt per person rank
94/185
2025
15/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$6,605
2026
$50,036
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$747M
2000
$296B
2019
Number of millionaires n/a
348,000
2025
Number of billionaires n/a
17
2026
Income share by richest 10%
35.1%
2025
21.6%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
1.7%
2025
3.6%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
38.4%
2025
49.6%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
0.71%
2024-2025
3.06%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate n/a
4.25%
2026
Unemployment rate
3.23%
2025
4.5%
2025
Population
18524711
5660666

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Ecuador
Spending

Debt
Norway
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Ecuador Norway
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 38.4% 54.4% 49.6% 45%
2024 38.3% 54.1% 46.9% 52.8%
2023 39.6% 54.5% 44.2% 42.4%
2022 38.9% 57.2% 36.2% 34.8%
2021 37.5% 61.8% 44.7% 40.1%
2020 40.2% 63.6% 54.5% 44.3%
2019 39.8% 52.1% 48.4% 39%
2018 40.9% 49.5% 46.1% 38.1%
2017 40.5% 47.4% 47.6% 36.9%
2016 44.1% 46.1% 48.8% 36.7%
2015 44.1% 36.4% 46.7% 33.2%
2014 45.9% 28.2% 44% 28.8%
2013 46.7% 23.4% 42.3% 30.6%
2012 43.2% 19.3% 41.4% 30.2%
2011 39.6% 18.6% 42.3% 28.9%
2010 35.4% 18.4% 43.6% 42.1%
2009 34.3% 19.7% 44.7% 41.7%
2008 35.6% 24.9% 39.2% 46.8%
2007 24.7% 29.6% 40.5% 48.9%
2006 21.7% 33.1% 40.1% 52.2%
2005 22% 35.8% 41.6% 42.1%
2004 21.3% 40.2% 44.7% 43.8%
2003 21.3% 47.2% 47.7% 43.1%
2002 22.8% 55% 46.3% 34%
2001 21.4% 63.8% 43.4% 27.3%
2000 24.3% 92.2% 41.5% 28.8%
1999 24.1% 105.2% 46.7% 25.1%
1998 21.5% 70.3% 48.2% 23.8%
1997 22% 61.5% 45.9% 26%
1996 22.7% 69.3% 47.4% 28.6%
1995 22% 70.5% 49.6% 32.9%
1994 - - 49.7% 51%
1993 - - 50.5% 54%
1992 - - 51.6% 45.3%
1991 - - 50.3% 39.5%
1990 - - 49.1% 29.1%
1989 - - 52.2% 30.4%
1988 - - 52.6% 30.5%
1987 - - 50.5% 31.3%
1986 - - 48.1% 37.8%
1985 - - 44% 30.2%
1984 - - 44.5% 27.8%
1983 - - 46.4% 27.4%
1982 - - 46.6% 29.7%
1981 - - 46.1% 32.9%
1980 - - 46.1% 36.8%
1979 - - 47.2% 39.6%
1978 - - 47.9% 49.9%
1977 - - 46.5% 43.8%
1976 - - 45.2% 38.5%
1975 - - 43.5% 36.7%
1974 - - 42.2% 35.4%
1973 - - 42.3% 37.7%
1972 - - 42.2% 38.9%
1971 - - 40.7% 38.5%
1970 - - 38.9% 38.6%
1969 - - 38% 22.3%
1968 - - 36.2% 22.5%
1967 - - 34.9% 22.6%
1966 - - 33.5% 22.4%
1965 - - 32.9% 23%
1964 - - 32% 24.2%
1963 - - 31.9% 25.3%
1962 - - 30.6% 26.7%
1961 - - 20.4% 27.7%
1960 - - 18% 29.8%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–2000, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/ecuador/norway | CC BY

In 2025, Ecuador's government spending was $50B, accounting for 38.4% of its GDP, while Norway spent $263B, or 49.6% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 54.4% in Ecuador and 45% in Norway, ranking 92/185 and 117/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Ecuador

Norway
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Ecuador Norway
2025 -2.88% 9.34%
2024 -1.28% 12.8%
2023 -3.49% 15.9%
2022 0.04% 24.7%
2021 -1.59% 9.93%
2020 -7.38% -2.46%
2019 -3.47% 6.28%
2018 -2.8% 7.56%
2017 -5.77% 4.79%
2016 -10.3% 3.91%
2015 -6.87% 5.8%
2014 -8.11% 8.34%
2013 -8.17% 10.3%
2012 -2.83% 13.4%
2011 -0.13% 13%
2010 -1.39% 10.6%
2009 -3.71% 10%
2008 0.57% 18.3%
2007 2.66% 16.8%
2006 2.92% 17.7%
2005 0.66% 14.7%
2004 1.94% 10.8%
2003 1.05% 7.21%
2002 0.74% 9.05%
2001 0.03% 13.2%
2000 -0.32% 15.1%
1999 -4.82% 5.75%
1998 -5.1% 3.09%
1997 -2.83% 7.41%
1996 -3.44% 6.05%
1995 -2.02% 2.98%
1994 - 0.04%
1993 - -1.65%
1992 - -2.08%
1991 - -0.12%
1990 - 1.96%
1989 - 1.81%
1988 - 2.65%
1987 - 4.56%
1986 - 5.87%
1985 - 9.84%
1984 - 6.97%
1983 - 6.03%
1982 - 3.96%
1981 - 4.82%
1980 - 5.38%
1979 - 2.16%
1978 - 0.94%
1977 - 1.01%
1976 - 2.2%
1975 - 2.88%
1974 - 4.06%
1973 - 4.99%
1972 - 3.93%
1971 - 3.71%
1970 - 2.83%
1969 - 3.57%
1968 - 3.38%
1967 - 4.19%
1966 - 3.59%
1965 - 2.78%
1964 - 3.08%
1963 - 2.6%
1962 - 4%
1961 - -0.7%
1960 - 1.42%
1959 - 1.89%
1958 - 1.7%
1957 - 1.55%
1956 - 1.22%
1955 - 0.82%
1954 - -0.54%
1953 - 1.3%
1952 - 2.15%
1951 - 1.59%
1950 - -0.89%
1949 - -0.72%
1948 - -0.35%
1947 - -4.66%
1946 - -3.82%
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 - -0.54%
1938 - 0.03%
1937 - -0.16%
1936 - -0.7%
1935 - -1.1%
1934 - -0.59%
1933 - -1.29%
1932 - -1.14%
1931 - -1.15%
1930 - -0.46%
1929 - -0.83%
1928 - -0.81%
1927 - -0.76%
1926 - -1.59%
1925 - -1.92%
1924 - -2.96%
1923 - -3.58%
1922 - -4.28%
1921 - -5.47%
1920 - -1.15%
1919 - -2.11%
1918 - -1.17%
1917 - 0.2%
1916 - -0.36%
1915 - -2.04%
1914 - -1.09%
1913 - -0.9%
1912 - -0.89%
1911 - -0.05%
1910 - 0.3%
1909 - -0.52%
1908 - -0.06%
1907 - 0.16%
1906 - -0.59%
1905 - -0.52%
1904 - -0.75%
1903 - -1.12%
1902 - -1.52%
1901 - -1.41%
1900 - -1.99%
1899 - -1.35%
1898 - -1.39%
1897 - -0.63%
1896 - -1.57%
1895 - -1.66%
1894 - -1.13%
1893 - -1.25%
1892 - -0.94%
1891 - -0.44%
1890 - -0.2%
1889 - -0.07%
1888 - -0.23%
1887 - -0.17%
1886 - -0.2%
1885 - -0.005%
1884 - -0.08%
1883 - -0.17%
1882 - -0.62%
1881 - -1.13%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1881–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/ecuador/norway | CC BY

In 2025, Ecuador's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $3.76B, equivalent to 2.88% of GDP. This compares to Norway's surplus of $49.6B, or 9.34% of GDP.

Over the past 31 years, Ecuador recorded a fiscal deficit in 22 of those years, while Norway ran a deficit in 1 years. On average, Ecuador posted an annual deficit equal to 2.52% of GDP, compared to surplus of 10.1% of GDP for Norway.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Ecuador

Norway
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Ecuador Norway
2025 0.71% 3.06%
2024 1.55% 3.15%
2023 2.22% 5.52%
2022 3.47% 5.76%
2021 0.13% 3.48%
2020 -0.34% 1.29%
2019 0.27% 2.17%
2018 -0.22% 2.76%
2017 0.42% 1.88%
2016 1.73% 3.55%
2015 3.97% 2.17%
2014 3.59% 2.04%
2013 2.72% 2.12%
2012 5.1% 0.7%
2011 4.47% 1.28%
2010 3.55% 2.42%
2009 5.16% 2.2%
2008 8.4% 3.75%
2007 2.28% 0.71%
2006 3.3% 2.33%
2005 2.17% 1.53%
2004 2.74% 0.45%
2003 7.93% 2.49%
2002 12.5% 1.29%
2001 37.7% 3%
2000 96.1% 3.09%
1999 52.2% 2.37%
1998 36.1% 2.25%
1997 30.7% 2.57%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/ecuador/norway | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Ecuador has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 11.4%, compared with 2.46% in Norway. In 2025, inflation was 0.71% in Ecuador and 3.06% in Norway.

Top exports between countries

Ecuador
Export category Export value
Raw agricultural goods $15.2M
Machinery & equipment $1.1M
Animal & marine products $157K
Wood & paper products $74K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $24K
Metals $9K
Miscellaneous $8K
Textiles & consumer goods $8K
Raw materials & minerals $3K
Chemicals & pharma $2K
Norway
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $50.7M
Miscellaneous $17M
Machinery & equipment $2.79M
Chemicals & pharma $825K
Textiles & consumer goods $278K
Metals $258K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $147K

Balance of trade

Ecuador Norway
Current account balance
$7.7B
2025
$74.1B
2025
Current account balance ranking
28/190
2025
10/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
+5.91%
2025
+14%
2025
Goods imports
$31.1B
2025
$105B
2025
Goods exports
$37.4B
2025
$177B
2025
Service imports
$6.22B
2025
$73.9B
2025
Service exports
$4.14B
2025
$63.5B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
27.9%
2025
33.7%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
31.4%
2025
45.4%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Ecuador Norway
Economic freedom 55.6 78.8
Economic freedom ranking 127/197 9/197
Property rights 33.2 99.6
Government integrity 33 94.3
Judicial effectiveness 48.1 96.4
Tax burden 74.2 63.3
Government spending 54.9 42
Fiscal health 90.3 96.4
Business freedom 64.3 91.2
Labor freedom 56.9 69.3
Monetary freedom 76.3 72.4
Trade freedom 66.4 85.6
Investment freedom 30 75
Financial freedom 40 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Ecuador
Norway
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Ecuador Norway
2026 55.6 78.8
2025 55.8 78.3
2024 55 77.5
2023 55 76.9
2022 54.3 76.9
2021 52.4 73.4
2020 51.3 73.4
2019 46.9 73
2018 48.5 74.3
2017 49.3 74
2016 48.6 70.8
2015 49.2 71.8
2014 48 70.9
2013 46.9 70.5
2012 48.3 68.8
2011 47.1 70.3
2010 49.3 69.4
2009 52.5 70.2
2008 55.2 68.6
2007 55.3 67.9
2006 54.6 67.9
2005 52.9 64.5
2004 54.4 66.2
2003 54.1 67.2
2002 53.1 67.4
2001 55.1 67.1
2000 59.8 70.1
1999 62.9 68.6
1998 62.8 68
1997 61 65.1
1996 60.1 65.4
1995 57.7 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/ecuador/norway | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Ecuador is 55.6, ranking 127/197, compared to 78.8 for Norway, ranking 9/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Ecuador Norway
Services, % of GDP
57%
2025
55%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
25.7%
2025
34.5%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
9.7%
2025
1.64%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$126B
2025
$546B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$16,290
2025
$107,770
2025
Total reserves including gold
$9.8B
2025
$85.5B
2025
Total reserves ranking
79/177
2025
34/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$1.3B
2025
$8.93B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$446M
2024
$12.1B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$0
2024
$5.62B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
7.05%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
21.4%
2025
12.2%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
20.9%
2025
23.2%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/ecuador/norway | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1881–2000, retrieved 2026-07-08)
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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.