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Economy of Ecuador vs Norway compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Ecuador has a GDP of $125B compared to $484B for Norway, ranking 62/197 and 32/197 by economy size, respectively.

Ecuador has $67B in government debt (53.8% of GDP), compared to $207B (42.7% of GDP) in Norway.

Ecuador vs Norway GDP by year

Ecuador
Norway
1x
Year GDP, current $
Ecuador Norway
2024 $124,676,074,700 $483,592,648,313
2023 $121,147,057,000 $482,949,731,777
2022 $116,133,121,000 $596,297,651,036
2021 $107,179,074,000 $503,367,986,030
2020 $95,865,473,000 $367,633,418,887
2019 $107,595,830,000 $408,742,840,909
2018 $107,478,961,000 $439,788,625,884
2017 $104,467,486,000 $401,745,275,035
2016 $97,671,433,000 $370,956,547,619
2015 $97,209,558,000 $388,159,512,246
2014 $102,717,794,000 $501,736,471,833
2013 $96,570,334,000 $526,014,468,085
2012 $87,735,048,000 $512,777,309,841
2011 $78,986,648,000 $501,360,549,669
2010 $68,151,329,000 $431,052,143,940
2009 $60,094,978,000 $387,976,400,617
2008 $61,139,438,000 $464,917,553,191
2007 $49,848,725,000 $402,643,260,488
2006 $45,690,762,000 $346,915,160,682
2005 $40,278,849,000 $309,978,579,744
2004 $35,194,947,000 $265,268,662,473
2003 $30,965,208,000 $229,385,469,337
2002 $27,054,197,000 $195,914,852,576
2001 $23,127,055,000 $174,239,354,071
2000 $17,539,454,727 $171,457,201,936
1999 $19,645,272,636 $162,383,706,021
1998 $27,981,896,948 $154,230,295,158
1997 $28,162,053,027 $161,356,631,888
1996 $25,226,393,197 $163,520,109,151
1995 $24,432,884,442 $152,029,612,325
1994 $22,708,673,337 $127,131,319,429
1993 $18,938,717,359 $120,579,213,713
1992 $18,094,238,119 $130,838,040,068
1991 $16,988,535,268 $121,872,464,483
1990 $15,239,272,612 $119,791,843,060
1989 $13,890,823,705 $102,633,934,391
1988 $13,051,881,851 $101,900,260,856
1987 $13,945,426,859 $94,229,907,236
1986 $15,314,138,472 $78,693,118,044
1985 $17,149,088,413 $65,416,879,914
1984 $16,912,509,092 $62,057,955,033
1983 $17,152,477,037 $61,627,240,831
1982 $19,929,846,396 $62,647,195,538
1981 $21,810,759,354 $63,596,654,761
1980 $17,881,508,242 $64,439,382,896
1979 $14,175,160,902 $53,132,244,624
1978 $11,922,497,876 $46,522,900,254
1977 $11,026,342,618 $41,508,030,431
1976 $9,091,921,030 $35,942,270,686
1975 $7,731,674,472 $32,877,805,200
1974 $6,599,257,044 $27,145,693,810
1973 $3,891,754,150 $22,534,253,703
1972 $3,185,986,087 $17,358,610,850
1971 $2,754,219,271 $14,583,114,840
1970 $2,862,503,139 $12,814,123,115
1969 $3,112,165,727 $11,136,187,440
1968 $2,582,179,864 $10,227,087,165
1967 $2,553,595,172 $9,577,383,653
1966 $2,429,308,639 $8,753,940,267
1965 $2,387,047,396 $8,111,945,661
1964 $2,244,146,103 $7,206,522,122
1963 $1,824,343,871 $6,553,269,536
1962 $1,518,207,703 $6,107,076,929
1961 $1,753,850,955 $5,669,689,210
1960 $2,069,464,937 $5,197,398,721

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/ecuador/norway | CC BY

GDP per capita in Ecuador vs Norway by year

Ecuador
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Norway
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Ecuador Norway
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $6,875 $15,840 $86,785 $102,038
2023 $6,738 $15,919 $87,497 $103,638
2022 $6,516 $15,198 $109,270 $125,490
2021 $6,061 $13,507 $93,073 $88,984
2020 $5,464 $11,527 $68,340 $67,111
2019 $6,205 $12,543 $76,431 $70,940
2018 $6,304 $12,187 $82,793 $70,254
2017 $6,233 $11,793 $76,132 $64,590
2016 $5,918 $10,881 $70,867 $59,280
2015 $5,976 $10,878 $74,810 $60,738
2014 $6,406 $11,836 $97,667 $66,332
2013 $6,109 $11,296 $103,554 $67,378
2012 $5,634 $10,245 $102,176 $65,774
2011 $5,154 $9,769 $101,222 $62,460
2010 $4,520 $8,969 $88,163 $58,213
2009 $4,053 $8,662 $80,348 $55,648
2008 $4,195 $8,663 $97,504 $62,073
2007 $3,479 $8,112 $85,502 $56,179
2006 $3,244 $7,885 $74,434 $54,358
2005 $2,909 $7,457 $67,047 $47,967
2004 $2,586 $6,980 $57,769 $42,667
2003 $2,316 $6,475 $50,250 $38,680
2002 $2,059 $6,282 $43,171 $38,056
2001 $1,791 $5,999 $38,602 $37,829
2000 $1,382 $5,728 $38,178 $36,994
1999 $1,575 $5,638 $36,393 $30,574
1998 $2,284 $5,940 $34,803 $28,200
1997 $2,341 $5,793 $36,629 $28,610
1996 $2,136 $5,560 $37,322 $26,826
1995 $2,108 $5,469 $34,876 $24,360
1994 $1,997 $5,339 $29,316 $23,027
1993 $1,698 $5,112 $27,964 $21,584
1992 $1,655 $4,998 $30,524 $20,623
1991 $1,587 $4,887 $28,597 $19,580
1990 $1,455 $4,632 $28,243 $18,461
1989 $1,356 - $24,281 -
1988 $1,304 - $24,207 -
1987 $1,426 - $22,506 -
1986 $1,604 - $18,883 -
1985 $1,842 - $15,754 -
1984 $1,864 - $14,989 -
1983 $1,940 - $14,928 -
1982 $2,314 - $15,225 -
1981 $2,601 - $15,513 -
1980 $2,190 - $15,772 -
1979 $1,783 - $13,047 -
1978 $1,541 - $11,463 -
1977 $1,465 - $10,266 -
1976 $1,242 - $8,927 -
1975 $1,086 - $8,204 -
1974 $954 - $6,812 -
1973 $579 - $5,690 -
1972 $488 - $4,414 -
1971 $434 - $3,736 -
1970 $465 - $3,306 -
1969 $521 - $2,894 -
1968 $445 - $2,680 -
1967 $454 - $2,531 -
1966 $445 - $2,333 -
1965 $450 - $2,179 -
1964 $436 - $1,951 -
1963 $365 - $1,787 -
1962 $312 - $1,678 -
1961 $371 - $1,571 -
1960 $451 - $1,451 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/ecuador/norway | CC BY

Ecuador's GDP per capita is $6,875, ranking 103/197, compared to $86,785 in Norway, ranking 8/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Ecuador ranks 110th at $15,840, while Norway ranks 7th at $102,038.

Economic indicators

Ecuador Norway
Gross domestic product
$125B
2024
$484B
2024
GDP rank
62/197
2024
32/197
2024
GDP growth
-2%
2023-2024
2.1%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$6,875
2024
$86,785
2024
GDP per capita rank
103/197
2024
8/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$15,840
2024
$102,038
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
110/197
2024
7/197
2024
Government debt
$67B
2024
$207B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
53.8%
2024
42.7%
2024
Government debt per person
$3,695
2024
$37,074
2024
Government debt per person rank
93/185
2024
17/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$5,894
2026
$49,765
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$747M
2000
$296B
2019
Number of millionaires n/a
348,000
2025
Number of billionaires n/a
17
2025
Income share by richest 10%
33.4%
2024
21.6%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
1.5%
2024
3.6%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
38.1%
2024
48.5%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
1.55%
2023-2024
3.15%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
4%
2025
Unemployment rate
3.39%
2024
3.98%
2024
Population
18487749
5671119

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Ecuador
Spending

Debt
Norway
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Ecuador Norway
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 38.1% 53.8% 48.5% 42.7%
2023 39.5% 54.3% 45.9% 44.1%
2022 38.9% 57.2% 37.5% 36.1%
2021 37.5% 61.8% 46.3% 41.6%
2020 40.2% 63.6% 56.7% 46%
2019 39.8% 52.1% 50.2% 40.5%
2018 40.9% 49.5% 47.7% 39.3%
2017 40.5% 47.4% 49.2% 38.2%
2016 44.1% 46.1% 50.4% 37.9%
2015 44.1% 36.4% 48.2% 34.3%
2014 45.9% 28.2% 45.2% 29.6%
2013 46.7% 23.4% 43.5% 31.4%
2012 43.2% 19.3% 42.4% 30.9%
2011 39.6% 18.6% 43.3% 29.6%
2010 35.4% 18.4% 44.5% 43%
2009 34.3% 19.7% 45.6% 42.5%
2008 35.6% 24.9% 39.8% 47.5%
2007 24.7% 29.6% 41% 49.5%
2006 21.7% 33.1% 40.5% 52.6%
2005 22% 35.8% 41.8% 42.3%
2004 21.3% 40.2% 44.7% 43.8%
2003 21.3% 47.2% 47.6% 43.1%
2002 22.8% 55% 46.1% 33.9%
2001 21.4% 63.8% 43.2% 27.2%
2000 24.3% 92.2% 41.3% 28.7%
1999 24.1% 105.2% 46.4% 25%
1998 21.5% 70.3% 47.8% 23.6%
1997 22% 61.5% 45.5% 25.8%
1996 22.7% 69.3% 47% 28.4%
1995 22% 70.5% 49.3% 32.7%
1994 - - 49.4% 50.6%
1993 - - 50.2% 53.7%
1992 - - 51.3% 45%
1991 - - 50% 39.2%
1990 - - 48.9% 28.9%
1989 - - 52.2% 30.4%
1988 - - 52.6% 30.5%
1987 - - 50.5% 31.3%
1986 - - 48.1% 37.8%
1985 - - 44% 30.2%
1984 - - 44.5% 27.8%
1983 - - 46.4% 27.4%
1982 - - 46.6% 29.7%
1981 - - 46.1% 32.9%
1980 - - 46.1% 36.8%
1979 - - 47.2% 39.6%
1978 - - 47.9% 49.9%
1977 - - 46.5% 43.8%
1976 - - 45.2% 38.5%
1975 - - 43.5% 36.7%
1974 - - 42.2% 35.4%
1973 - - 42.3% 37.7%
1972 - - 42.2% 38.9%
1971 - - 40.7% 38.5%
1970 - - 38.9% 38.6%
1969 - - 38% 22.3%
1968 - - 36.2% 22.5%
1967 - - 34.9% 22.6%
1966 - - 33.5% 22.4%
1965 - - 32.9% 23%
1964 - - 32% 24.2%
1963 - - 31.9% 25.3%
1962 - - 30.6% 26.7%
1961 - - 20.4% 27.7%
1960 - - 18% 29.8%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–2000, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/ecuador/norway | CC BY

In 2024, Ecuador's government spending was $47.5B, accounting for 38.1% of its GDP, while Norway spent $234B, or 48.5% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 53.8% in Ecuador and 42.7% in Norway, ranking 98/185 and 127/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Ecuador

Norway
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Ecuador Norway
2024 -1.28% 13.2%
2023 -3.48% 16.6%
2022 0.04% 25.5%
2021 -1.59% 10.3%
2020 -7.38% -2.56%
2019 -3.47% 6.52%
2018 -2.8% 7.81%
2017 -5.77% 4.96%
2016 -10.3% 4.04%
2015 -6.87% 5.99%
2014 -8.11% 8.57%
2013 -8.17% 10.6%
2012 -2.83% 13.7%
2011 -0.13% 13.3%
2010 -1.39% 10.9%
2009 -3.71% 10.2%
2008 0.57% 18.5%
2007 2.66% 17%
2006 2.92% 17.9%
2005 0.66% 14.7%
2004 1.94% 10.8%
2003 1.05% 7.2%
2002 0.74% 9.03%
2001 0.03% 13.2%
2000 -0.32% 15%
1999 -4.82% 5.71%
1998 -5.1% 3.07%
1997 -2.83% 7.35%
1996 -3.44% 6.01%
1995 -2.02% 2.96%
1994 - 0.04%
1993 - -1.64%
1992 - -2.07%
1991 - -0.12%
1990 - 1.95%
1989 - 1.81%
1988 - 2.65%
1987 - 4.56%
1986 - 5.87%
1985 - 9.84%
1984 - 6.97%
1983 - 6.03%
1982 - 3.96%
1981 - 4.82%
1980 - 5.38%
1979 - 2.16%
1978 - 0.94%
1977 - 1.01%
1976 - 2.2%
1975 - 2.88%
1974 - 4.06%
1973 - 4.99%
1972 - 3.93%
1971 - 3.71%
1970 - 2.83%
1969 - 3.57%
1968 - 3.38%
1967 - 4.19%
1966 - 3.59%
1965 - 2.78%
1964 - 3.08%
1963 - 2.6%
1962 - 4%
1961 - -0.7%
1960 - 1.42%
1959 - 1.89%
1958 - 1.7%
1957 - 1.55%
1956 - 1.22%
1955 - 0.82%
1954 - -0.54%
1953 - 1.3%
1952 - 2.15%
1951 - 1.59%
1950 - -0.89%
1949 - -0.72%
1948 - -0.35%
1947 - -4.66%
1946 - -3.82%
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 - -0.54%
1938 - 0.03%
1937 - -0.16%
1936 - -0.7%
1935 - -1.1%
1934 - -0.59%
1933 - -1.29%
1932 - -1.14%
1931 - -1.15%
1930 - -0.46%
1929 - -0.83%
1928 - -0.81%
1927 - -0.76%
1926 - -1.59%
1925 - -1.92%
1924 - -2.96%
1923 - -3.58%
1922 - -4.28%
1921 - -5.47%
1920 - -1.15%
1919 - -2.11%
1918 - -1.17%
1917 - 0.2%
1916 - -0.36%
1915 - -2.04%
1914 - -1.09%
1913 - -0.9%
1912 - -0.89%
1911 - -0.05%
1910 - 0.3%
1909 - -0.52%
1908 - -0.06%
1907 - 0.16%
1906 - -0.59%
1905 - -0.52%
1904 - -0.75%
1903 - -1.12%
1902 - -1.52%
1901 - -1.41%
1900 - -1.99%
1899 - -1.35%
1898 - -1.39%
1897 - -0.63%
1896 - -1.57%
1895 - -1.66%
1894 - -1.13%
1893 - -1.25%
1892 - -0.94%
1891 - -0.44%
1890 - -0.2%
1889 - -0.07%
1888 - -0.23%
1887 - -0.17%
1886 - -0.2%
1885 - -0.005%
1884 - -0.08%
1883 - -0.17%
1882 - -0.62%
1881 - -1.13%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1881–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/ecuador/norway | CC BY

In 2024, Ecuador's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $1.59B, equivalent to 1.28% of GDP. This compares to Norway's surplus of $64.1B, or 13.2% of GDP.

Over the past 30 years, Ecuador recorded a fiscal deficit in 21 of those years, while Norway ran a deficit in 1 years. On average, Ecuador posted an annual deficit equal to 2.51% of GDP, compared to surplus of 10.3% of GDP for Norway.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Ecuador

Norway
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Ecuador Norway
2024 1.55% 3.15%
2023 2.22% 5.52%
2022 3.47% 5.76%
2021 0.13% 3.48%
2020 -0.34% 1.29%
2019 0.27% 2.17%
2018 -0.22% 2.76%
2017 0.42% 1.88%
2016 1.73% 3.55%
2015 3.97% 2.17%
2014 3.59% 2.04%
2013 2.72% 2.12%
2012 5.1% 0.7%
2011 4.47% 1.28%
2010 3.55% 2.42%
2009 5.16% 2.2%
2008 8.4% 3.75%
2007 2.28% 0.71%
2006 3.3% 2.33%
2005 2.17% 1.53%
2004 2.74% 0.45%
2003 7.93% 2.49%
2002 12.5% 1.29%
2001 37.7% 3%
2000 96.1% 3.09%
1999 52.2% 2.37%
1998 36.1% 2.25%
1997 30.7% 2.57%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/ecuador/norway | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Ecuador has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 11.8%, compared with 2.44% in Norway. In 2024, inflation was 1.55% in Ecuador and 3.15% in Norway.

Top exports between countries

Ecuador
Export category Export value
Raw agricultural goods $11.7M
Machinery & equipment $600K
Animal & marine products $51K
Wood & paper products $39K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $24K
Miscellaneous $18K
Textiles & consumer goods $14K
Metals $12K
Chemicals & pharma $4K
Norway
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $50.6M
Miscellaneous $10.9M
Machinery & equipment $2.95M
Chemicals & pharma $579K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $567K
Metals $222K
Textiles & consumer goods $118K
Wood & paper products $1K

Balance of trade

Ecuador Norway
Current account balance
$7.06B
2024
$71.6B
2024
Current account balance ranking
27/190
2024
11/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+5.66%
2024
+14.8%
2024
Goods imports
$27.9B
2024
$97.5B
2024
Goods exports
$34.7B
2024
$162B
2024
Service imports
$6.18B
2024
$63.6B
2024
Service exports
$3.86B
2024
$55.6B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
26.9%
2024
33.9%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
30.3%
2024
47.5%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Ecuador Norway
Economic freedom 55.6 78.8
Economic freedom ranking 127/197 9/197
Property rights 33.2 99.6
Government integrity 33 94.3
Judicial effectiveness 48.1 96.4
Tax burden 74.2 63.3
Government spending 54.9 42
Fiscal health 90.3 96.4
Business freedom 64.3 91.2
Labor freedom 56.9 69.3
Monetary freedom 76.3 72.4
Trade freedom 66.4 85.6
Investment freedom 30 75
Financial freedom 40 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Ecuador
Norway
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Ecuador Norway
2026 55.6 78.8
2025 55.8 78.3
2024 55 77.5
2023 55 76.9
2022 54.3 76.9
2021 52.4 73.4
2020 51.3 73.4
2019 46.9 73
2018 48.5 74.3
2017 49.3 74
2016 48.6 70.8
2015 49.2 71.8
2014 48 70.9
2013 46.9 70.5
2012 48.3 68.8
2011 47.1 70.3
2010 49.3 69.4
2009 52.5 70.2
2008 55.2 68.6
2007 55.3 67.9
2006 54.6 67.9
2005 52.9 64.5
2004 54.4 66.2
2003 54.1 67.2
2002 53.1 67.4
2001 55.1 67.1
2000 59.8 70.1
1999 62.9 68.6
1998 62.8 68
1997 61 65.1
1996 60.1 65.4
1995 57.7 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/ecuador/norway | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Ecuador is 55.6, ranking 127/197, compared to 78.8 for Norway, ranking 9/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Ecuador Norway
Services, % of GDP
57.2%
2024
51.8%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
26.5%
2024
37%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
9.48%
2024
2.08%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$117B
2024
$547B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$15,410
2024
$106,830
2024
Total reserves including gold
$6.91B
2024
$81.2B
2024
Total reserves ranking
87/177
2024
32/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$438M
2024
-$7.83B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$443M
2024
$12B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$0
2024
$4.95B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
7%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
28%
2024
12.2%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
18.5%
2024
24.1%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/ecuador/norway | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1881–2000, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2023–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.