Skip to content

Economy of Mexico vs Norway compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Mexico has a GDP of $1.83T compared to $531B for Norway, ranking 14/197 and 32/197 by economy size, respectively.

Mexico has $1.13T in government debt (61.8% of GDP), compared to $239B (45% of GDP) in Norway.

Mexico vs Norway GDP by year

Mexico
Norway
1x
Year GDP, current $
Mexico Norway
2025 $1,832,641,364,776 $530,755,719,439
2024 $1,830,489,311,089 $500,886,328,034
2023 $1,794,410,347,718 $502,197,633,323
2022 $1,466,934,724,243 $617,321,834,099
2021 $1,316,569,466,834 $521,592,200,233
2020 $1,121,064,767,169 $382,252,517,922
2019 $1,304,106,204,006 $424,244,886,364
2018 $1,256,300,182,984 $454,588,871,811
2017 $1,190,721,475,853 $415,673,181,543
2016 $1,112,233,497,453 $383,284,047,619
2015 $1,213,294,467,654 $400,669,174,331
2014 $1,364,507,717,689 $515,829,568,897
2013 $1,327,436,290,439 $540,132,255,319
2012 $1,255,110,424,742 $525,082,939,407
2011 $1,229,013,703,417 $512,868,581,628
2010 $1,105,424,238,652 $440,132,138,425
2009 $943,437,414,951 $395,664,488,017
2008 $1,161,553,459,985 $472,060,283,688
2007 $1,102,355,554,880 $407,813,774,161
2006 $1,020,265,057,882 $349,773,283,645
2005 $917,571,853,437 $311,417,306,946
2004 $819,459,227,375 $265,662,977,688
2003 $765,549,967,889 $229,192,678,173
2002 $810,666,116,402 $195,359,978,957
2001 $796,064,590,549 $173,590,978,347
2000 $742,061,329,749 $170,620,327,660
1999 $631,249,359,702 $161,304,620,987
1998 $557,461,102,631 $152,955,958,172
1997 $523,449,530,464 $160,013,571,974
1996 $432,157,945,024 $162,427,517,132
1995 $380,157,469,867 $151,083,627,983
1994 $553,618,247,901 $126,324,387,894
1993 $530,160,763,663 $119,841,699,440
1992 $363,157,832,924 $129,998,873,602
1991 $313,139,656,146 $121,149,331,318
1990 $261,253,675,693 $119,344,377,526
1989 $221,403,098,267 $102,226,808,603
1988 $181,611,150,497 $101,497,621,605
1987 $147,542,558,209 $93,913,320,965
1986 $134,556,034,673 $78,438,205,742
1985 $195,241,069,482 $65,211,464,198
1984 $184,230,754,105 $61,866,078,539
1983 $156,167,000,433 $61,417,685,434
1982 $184,602,611,610 $62,453,362,256
1981 $263,797,827,860 $63,392,804,251
1980 $205,577,055,466 $64,176,789,764
1979 $134,531,900,899 $52,935,763,512
1978 $102,648,570,299 $46,355,988,784
1977 $81,912,018,784 $41,362,637,363
1976 $88,875,923,765 $35,815,449,464
1975 $88,000,000,000 $32,742,543,381
1974 $72,000,000,000 $27,033,413,362
1973 $55,280,000,000 $22,433,660,550
1972 $45,200,000,000 $17,283,931,878
1971 $39,200,000,000 $14,523,306,736
1970 $35,520,000,000 $12,753,503,479
1969 $32,480,000,000 $11,083,505,596
1968 $29,360,000,000 $10,178,705,992
1967 $26,560,000,000 $9,532,076,026
1966 $24,320,000,000 $8,712,528,095
1965 $21,840,000,000 $8,073,570,566
1964 $20,080,000,000 $7,172,430,304
1963 $16,960,000,000 $6,522,268,053
1962 $15,200,000,000 $6,078,186,245
1961 $14,160,000,000 $5,642,867,672
1960 $13,040,000,000 $5,172,811,442

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/mexico/norway | CC BY

GDP per capita in Mexico vs Norway by year

Mexico
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Norway
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Mexico Norway
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $13,889 - $94,594 -
2024 $13,988 $26,185 $89,889 $102,038
2023 $13,831 $25,243 $90,984 $103,638
2022 $11,406 $23,135 $113,122 $125,490
2021 $10,314 $20,783 $96,443 $88,984
2020 $8,841 $19,354 $71,058 $67,111
2019 $10,370 $20,964 $79,329 $70,940
2018 $10,085 $20,921 $85,579 $70,254
2017 $9,649 $20,489 $78,771 $64,590
2016 $9,098 $20,105 $73,222 $59,280
2015 $10,021 $19,071 $77,221 $60,738
2014 $11,391 $18,821 $100,410 $66,332
2013 $11,217 $18,170 $106,333 $67,378
2012 $10,744 $18,005 $104,628 $65,774
2011 $10,664 $17,267 $103,545 $62,460
2010 $9,729 $15,909 $90,020 $58,213
2009 $8,424 $15,191 $81,940 $55,648
2008 $10,524 $15,681 $99,002 $62,073
2007 $10,134 $15,032 $86,600 $56,179
2006 $9,513 $14,540 $75,048 $54,358
2005 $8,672 $13,260 $67,358 $47,967
2004 $7,850 $12,658 $57,855 $42,667
2003 $7,434 $12,066 $50,208 $38,680
2002 $7,983 $11,762 $43,048 $38,056
2001 $7,953 $11,739 $38,458 $37,829
2000 $7,524 $11,705 $37,992 $36,994
1999 $6,500 $11,031 $36,151 $30,574
1998 $5,833 $10,756 $34,516 $28,200
1997 $5,567 $10,182 $36,324 $28,610
1996 $4,674 $9,496 $37,073 $26,826
1995 $4,184 $8,933 $34,659 $24,360
1994 $6,202 $9,466 $29,130 $23,027
1993 $6,048 $9,041 $27,793 $21,584
1992 $4,221 $9,470 $30,328 $20,623
1991 $3,709 $9,079 $28,427 $19,580
1990 $3,154 $8,578 $28,137 $18,461
1989 $2,725 - $24,185 -
1988 $2,279 - $24,112 -
1987 $1,888 - $22,430 -
1986 $1,757 - $18,822 -
1985 $2,602 - $15,704 -
1984 $2,506 - $14,943 -
1983 $2,170 - $14,877 -
1982 $2,621 - $15,178 -
1981 $3,829 - $15,463 -
1980 $3,055 - $15,708 -
1979 $2,049 - $12,998 -
1978 $1,604 - $11,421 -
1977 $1,315 - $10,230 -
1976 $1,465 - $8,896 -
1975 $1,492 - $8,171 -
1974 $1,256 - $6,783 -
1973 $993 - $5,664 -
1972 $837 - $4,395 -
1971 $748 - $3,721 -
1970 $699 - $3,291 -
1969 $660 - $2,881 -
1968 $616 - $2,667 -
1967 $576 - $2,519 -
1966 $545 - $2,321 -
1965 $506 - $2,168 -
1964 $481 - $1,941 -
1963 $420 - $1,779 -
1962 $388 - $1,670 -
1961 $374 - $1,563 -
1960 $355 - $1,444 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/mexico/norway | CC BY

Mexico's GDP per capita is $13,889, ranking 76/197, compared to $94,594 in Norway, ranking 9/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Mexico ranks 80th at $26,185, while Norway ranks 7th at $102,038.

Economic indicators

Mexico Norway
Gross domestic product
$1.83T
2025
$531B
2025
GDP rank
14/197
2025
32/197
2025
GDP growth
0.56%
2024-2025
1.09%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$13,889
2025
$94,594
2025
GDP per capita rank
76/197
2025
9/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$26,185
2024
$102,038
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
80/197
2024
7/197
2024
Government debt
$1.13T
2025
$239B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
61.8%
2025
45%
2025
Government debt per person
$8,577
2025
$42,567
2025
Government debt per person rank
66/185
2025
15/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$10,482
2026
$50,036
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$560B
2025
$296B
2019
Number of millionaires
333,000
2026
348,000
2025
Number of billionaires
22
2026
17
2026
Income share by richest 10%
33.4%
2024
21.6%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
2.1%
2024
3.6%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
29.8%
2025
49.6%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
3.81%
2024-2025
3.06%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
6.5%
2026
4.25%
2026
Unemployment rate
2.54%
2025
4.5%
2025
Population
133551566
5660666

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Mexico
Spending

Debt
Norway
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Mexico Norway
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 29.8% 61.8% 49.6% 45%
2024 30.8% 59.1% 46.9% 52.8%
2023 28.6% 52.8% 44.2% 42.4%
2022 28.5% 53.8% 36.2% 34.8%
2021 26.7% 56.7% 44.7% 40.1%
2020 27.8% 58.5% 54.5% 44.3%
2019 25.3% 51.9% 48.4% 39%
2018 25% 52.2% 46.1% 38.1%
2017 25% 52.5% 47.6% 36.9%
2016 26.5% 55% 48.8% 36.7%
2015 26.6% 51% 46.7% 33.2%
2014 26.9% 47.1% 44% 28.8%
2013 26.7% 44.1% 42.3% 30.6%
2012 27% 40.8% 41.4% 30.2%
2011 26.6% 41.2% 42.3% 28.9%
2010 26.5% 40.2% 43.6% 42.1%
2009 26.5% 41.7% 44.7% 41.7%
2008 26.5% 40.6% 39.2% 46.8%
2007 22.5% 35.5% 40.5% 48.9%
2006 21.6% 35.8% 40.1% 52.2%
2005 21.2% 36.8% 41.6% 42.1%
2004 20.5% 38.9% 44.7% 43.8%
2003 21.5% 42.1% 47.7% 43.1%
2002 19.8% 39.9% 46.3% 34%
2001 19.5% 37.3% 43.4% 27.3%
2000 19.4% 38.5% 41.5% 28.8%
1999 20.1% 41.7% 46.7% 25.1%
1998 19.5% 39.7% 48.2% 23.8%
1997 20.7% 39.1% 45.9% 26%
1996 20.8% 42.5% 47.4% 28.6%
1995 18.9% 30.7% 49.6% 32.9%
1994 18.9% 26.8% 49.7% 51%
1993 18.2% 19.2% 50.5% 54%
1992 19% 21.5% 51.6% 45.3%
1991 20.1% 29.2% 50.3% 39.5%
1990 22.9% 35.7% 49.1% 29.1%
1989 19.2% 36% 52.2% 30.4%
1988 23.6% 36.5% 52.6% 30.5%
1987 26.7% 52.7% 50.5% 31.3%
1986 25.1% 47.8% 48.1% 37.8%
1985 21.4% 30.4% 44% 30.2%
1984 19.8% 25.2% 44.5% 27.8%
1983 21.6% 25.3% 46.4% 27.4%
1982 24.7% 29.8% 46.6% 29.7%
1981 20.1% 41.7% 46.1% 32.9%
1980 17.5% 31.4% 46.1% 36.8%
1979 16.5% 35.8% 47.2% 39.6%
1978 15.7% 39% 47.9% 49.9%
1977 15.5% 41.5% 46.5% 43.8%
1976 15.5% 31.3% 45.2% 38.5%
1975 14.7% 24.4% 43.5% 36.7%
1974 13.8% 21.7% 42.2% 35.4%
1973 12.7% 20% 42.3% 37.7%
1972 11.9% 17.9% 42.2% 38.9%
1971 10.6% 17% 40.7% 38.5%
1970 10.9% 17.1% 38.9% 38.6%
1969 11.8% 10.7% 38% 22.3%
1968 10.9% 7.85% 36.2% 22.5%
1967 10.4% 8.22% 34.9% 22.6%
1966 11.6% 5.14% 33.5% 22.4%
1965 10.7% 9.99% 32.9% 23%
1964 9.21% 6.22% 32% 24.2%
1963 8.51% 4.13% 31.9% 25.3%
1962 8.26% 4.2% 30.6% 26.7%
1961 8.01% 4.38% 20.4% 27.7%
1960 9.5% 4.58% 18% 29.8%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1995, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/mexico/norway | CC BY

In 2025, Mexico's government spending was $547B, accounting for 29.8% of its GDP, while Norway spent $263B, or 49.6% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 61.8% in Mexico and 45% in Norway, ranking 73/185 and 117/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Mexico

Norway
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Mexico Norway
2025 -4.86% 9.34%
2024 -5.78% 12.8%
2023 -4.3% 15.9%
2022 -4.32% 24.7%
2021 -3.75% 9.93%
2020 -4.29% -2.46%
2019 -2.27% 6.28%
2018 -2.14% 7.56%
2017 -1.03% 4.79%
2016 -2.68% 3.91%
2015 -3.86% 5.8%
2014 -4.37% 8.34%
2013 -3.56% 10.3%
2012 -3.57% 13.4%
2011 -3.2% 13%
2010 -3.8% 10.6%
2009 -3.94% 10%
2008 -0.68% 18.3%
2007 -1.46% 16.8%
2006 -1.23% 17.7%
2005 -1.43% 14.7%
2004 -1.35% 10.8%
2003 -2.24% 7.21%
2002 -2.18% 9.05%
2001 -2.57% 13.2%
2000 -2.69% 15.1%
1999 -4.49% 5.75%
1998 -4.49% 3.09%
1997 -3.48% 7.41%
1996 -3.66% 6.05%
1995 -2.28% 2.98%
1994 -2.25% 0.04%
1993 -1.51% -1.65%
1992 2.26% -2.08%
1991 1.49% -0.12%
1990 -3.11% 1.96%
1989 -4.75% 1.81%
1988 -8.76% 2.65%
1987 -11.6% 4.56%
1986 -11.2% 5.87%
1985 -7.2% 9.84%
1984 -5.79% 6.97%
1983 -6.03% 6.03%
1982 -11.4% 3.96%
1981 -4.9% 4.82%
1980 -1.75% 5.38%
1979 -2.15% 2.16%
1978 -1.88% 0.94%
1977 -2.43% 1.01%
1976 -3.14% 2.2%
1975 -2.64% 2.88%
1974 -3.33% 4.06%
1973 -2.75% 4.99%
1972 -2.3% 3.93%
1971 -1.43% 3.71%
1970 -1.71% 2.83%
1969 -2.74% 3.57%
1968 -2.06% 3.38%
1967 -2.12% 4.19%
1966 -3.2% 3.59%
1965 -2.51% 2.78%
1964 -1.44% 3.08%
1963 -0.92% 2.6%
1962 -0.79% 4%
1961 -0.88% -0.7%
1960 -1.36% 1.42%
1959 -0.73% 1.89%
1958 0.24% 1.7%
1957 -0.03% 1.55%
1956 0.52% 1.22%
1955 0.6% 0.82%
1954 -0.94% -0.54%
1953 -0.58% 1.3%
1952 0.42% 2.15%
1951 -0.26% 1.59%
1950 -0.2% -0.89%
1949 0.44% -0.72%
1948 -1.55% -0.35%
1947 -0.93% -4.66%
1946 0.66% -3.82%
1945 -1.11% -
1944 -1.12% -
1943 0.05% -
1942 -0.93% -
1941 -0.26% -
1940 -0.4% -
1939 -0.06% -0.54%
1938 -0.91% 0.03%
1937 -0.41% -0.16%
1936 -0.39% -0.7%
1935 0.26% -1.1%
1934 0.72% -0.59%
1933 -0.58% -1.29%
1932 0% -1.14%
1931 0.71% -1.15%
1930 0.21% -0.46%
1929 0.95% -0.83%
1928 0.24% -0.81%
1927 -0.3% -0.76%
1926 -0.29% -1.59%
1925 0.46% -1.92%
1924 1.34% -2.96%
1923 1.02% -3.58%
1922 1.13% -4.28%
1921 0.64% -5.47%
1920 0.91% -1.15%
1919 0.41% -2.11%
1918 -0.19% -1.17%
1917 0.63% 0.2%
1916 - -0.36%
1915 - -2.04%
1914 - -1.09%
1913 0.28% -0.9%
1912 -0.79% -0.89%
1911 -0.31% -0.05%
1910 0.1% 0.3%
1909 0.15% -0.52%
1908 -0.08% -0.06%
1907 0.43% 0.16%
1906 0.72% -0.59%
1905 0.35% -0.52%
1904 1.09% -0.75%
1903 3.82% -1.12%
1902 0.42% -1.52%
1901 0.62% -1.41%
1900 0.76% -1.99%
1899 - -1.35%
1898 - -1.39%
1897 - -0.63%
1896 - -1.57%
1895 - -1.66%
1894 - -1.13%
1893 - -1.25%
1892 - -0.94%
1891 - -0.44%
1890 - -0.2%
1889 - -0.07%
1888 - -0.23%
1887 - -0.17%
1886 - -0.2%
1885 - -0.005%
1884 - -0.08%
1883 - -0.17%
1882 - -0.62%
1881 - -1.13%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1881–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/mexico/norway | CC BY

In 2025, Mexico's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $89B, equivalent to 4.86% of GDP. This compares to Norway's surplus of $49.6B, or 9.34% of GDP.

Over the past 66 years, Mexico recorded a fiscal deficit in 64 of those years, while Norway ran a deficit in 5 years. On average, Mexico posted an annual deficit equal to 3.25% of GDP, compared to surplus of 6.35% of GDP for Norway.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Mexico

Norway
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Mexico Norway
2025 3.81% 3.06%
2024 4.72% 3.15%
2023 5.53% 5.52%
2022 7.9% 5.76%
2021 5.69% 3.48%
2020 3.4% 1.29%
2019 3.64% 2.17%
2018 4.9% 2.76%
2017 6.04% 1.88%
2016 2.82% 3.55%
2015 2.72% 2.17%
2014 4.02% 2.04%
2013 3.81% 2.12%
2012 4.11% 0.7%
2011 3.41% 1.28%
2010 4.16% 2.42%
2009 5.3% 2.2%
2008 5.12% 3.75%
2007 3.97% 0.71%
2006 3.63% 2.33%
2005 3.99% 1.53%
2004 4.69% 0.45%
2003 4.55% 2.49%
2002 5.03% 1.29%
2001 6.37% 3%
2000 9.49% 3.09%
1999 16.6% 2.37%
1998 15.9% 2.25%
1997 20.6% 2.57%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/mexico/norway | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Mexico has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 6.07%, compared with 2.46% in Norway. In 2025, inflation was 3.81% in Mexico and 3.06% in Norway.

Top exports between countries

Mexico
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $28.6M
Metals $26.6M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $981K
Miscellaneous $127K
Chemicals & pharma $98K
Raw materials & minerals $44K
Precious metals & jewellery $29K
Textiles & consumer goods $22K
Wood & paper products $15K
Raw agricultural goods $5K
Norway
Export category Export value
Miscellaneous $133M
Machinery & equipment $31.2M
Animal & marine products $21.7M
Metals $10.1M
Chemicals & pharma $7.76M
Textiles & consumer goods $1.71M
Wood & paper products $1.52M
Raw materials & minerals $1.35M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1.08M
Precious metals & jewellery $29K

Balance of trade

Mexico Norway
Current account balance
-$8.2B
2025
$74.1B
2025
Current account balance ranking
171/190
2025
10/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
-0.45%
2025
+14%
2025
Goods imports
$665B
2025
$105B
2025
Goods exports
$666B
2025
$177B
2025
Service imports
$75.4B
2025
$73.9B
2025
Service exports
$64B
2025
$63.5B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
40.3%
2025
33.7%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
39.6%
2025
45.4%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Mexico Norway
Economic freedom 59.8 78.8
Economic freedom ranking 102/197 9/197
Property rights 37.6 99.6
Government integrity 28.8 94.3
Judicial effectiveness 40.4 96.4
Tax burden 75.4 63.3
Government spending 74.6 42
Fiscal health 56.7 96.4
Business freedom 67 91.2
Labor freedom 57.3 69.3
Monetary freedom 70.6 72.4
Trade freedom 74.2 85.6
Investment freedom 75 75
Financial freedom 60 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Mexico
Norway
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Mexico Norway
2026 59.8 78.8
2025 61.3 78.3
2024 62 77.5
2023 63.2 76.9
2022 63.7 76.9
2021 65.5 73.4
2020 66 73.4
2019 64.7 73
2018 64.8 74.3
2017 63.6 74
2016 65.2 70.8
2015 66.4 71.8
2014 66.8 70.9
2013 67 70.5
2012 65.3 68.8
2011 67.8 70.3
2010 68.3 69.4
2009 65.8 70.2
2008 66.2 68.6
2007 66 67.9
2006 64.7 67.9
2005 65.2 64.5
2004 66 66.2
2003 65.3 67.2
2002 63 67.4
2001 60.6 67.1
2000 59.3 70.1
1999 58.5 68.6
1998 57.9 68
1997 57.1 65.1
1996 61.2 65.4
1995 63.1 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/mexico/norway | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Mexico is 59.8, ranking 102/197, compared to 78.8 for Norway, ranking 9/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Mexico Norway
Services, % of GDP
58.9%
2025
55%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
30.6%
2025
34.5%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
3.88%
2025
1.64%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$1.81T
2025
$546B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$25,070
2025
$107,770
2025
Total reserves including gold
$256B
2025
$85.5B
2025
Total reserves ranking
17/177
2025
34/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$31.8B
2025
$8.93B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$45.5B
2024
$12.1B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$13B
2024
$5.62B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
3.77%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
29.6%
2024
12.2%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
22.6%
2025
23.2%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/mexico/norway | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Help us show the world through your eyes

Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.

Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1881–1995, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2020–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.