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Economy of Mexico vs Norway compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Mexico has a GDP of $1.86T compared to $484B for Norway, ranking 13/197 and 32/197 by economy size, respectively.

Mexico has $1.08T in government debt (58.3% of GDP), compared to $207B (42.7% of GDP) in Norway.

Mexico vs Norway GDP by year

Mexico
Norway
1x
Year GDP, current $
Mexico Norway
2024 $1,856,365,616,166 $483,592,648,313
2023 $1,798,317,581,487 $482,949,731,777
2022 $1,466,934,724,293 $596,297,651,036
2021 $1,316,569,466,686 $503,367,986,030
2020 $1,121,064,767,308 $367,633,418,887
2019 $1,304,106,203,902 $408,742,840,909
2018 $1,256,300,182,880 $439,788,625,884
2017 $1,190,721,475,906 $401,745,275,035
2016 $1,112,233,497,453 $370,956,547,619
2015 $1,213,294,467,717 $388,159,512,246
2014 $1,364,507,717,614 $501,736,471,833
2013 $1,327,436,290,283 $526,014,468,085
2012 $1,255,110,424,818 $512,777,309,841
2011 $1,229,013,703,417 $501,360,549,669
2010 $1,105,424,238,731 $431,052,143,940
2009 $943,437,415,025 $387,976,400,617
2008 $1,161,553,459,715 $464,917,553,191
2007 $1,102,355,554,972 $402,643,260,488
2006 $1,020,265,057,882 $346,915,160,682
2005 $917,571,853,529 $309,978,579,744
2004 $819,459,227,375 $265,268,662,473
2003 $765,549,967,703 $229,385,469,337
2002 $810,666,116,402 $195,914,852,576
2001 $796,064,590,549 $174,239,354,071
2000 $742,061,329,749 $171,457,201,936
1999 $631,249,359,702 $162,383,706,021
1998 $557,461,102,631 $154,230,295,158
1997 $523,449,530,464 $161,356,631,888
1996 $432,157,945,024 $163,520,109,151
1995 $380,157,469,867 $152,029,612,325
1994 $553,618,247,901 $127,131,319,429
1993 $530,160,763,663 $120,579,213,713
1992 $363,157,832,924 $130,838,040,068
1991 $313,139,656,146 $121,872,464,483
1990 $261,253,675,693 $119,791,843,060
1989 $221,403,098,267 $102,633,934,391
1988 $181,611,150,497 $101,900,260,856
1987 $147,542,558,209 $94,229,907,236
1986 $134,556,034,673 $78,693,118,044
1985 $195,241,069,482 $65,416,879,914
1984 $184,230,754,105 $62,057,955,033
1983 $156,167,000,433 $61,627,240,831
1982 $184,602,611,610 $62,647,195,538
1981 $263,797,827,860 $63,596,654,761
1980 $205,577,055,466 $64,439,382,896
1979 $134,531,900,899 $53,132,244,624
1978 $102,648,570,299 $46,522,900,254
1977 $81,912,018,784 $41,508,030,431
1976 $88,875,923,765 $35,942,270,686
1975 $88,000,000,000 $32,877,805,200
1974 $72,000,000,000 $27,145,693,810
1973 $55,280,000,000 $22,534,253,703
1972 $45,200,000,000 $17,358,610,850
1971 $39,200,000,000 $14,583,114,840
1970 $35,520,000,000 $12,814,123,115
1969 $32,480,000,000 $11,136,187,440
1968 $29,360,000,000 $10,227,087,165
1967 $26,560,000,000 $9,577,383,653
1966 $24,320,000,000 $8,753,940,267
1965 $21,840,000,000 $8,111,945,661
1964 $20,080,000,000 $7,206,522,122
1963 $16,960,000,000 $6,553,269,536
1962 $15,200,000,000 $6,107,076,929
1961 $14,160,000,000 $5,669,689,210
1960 $13,040,000,000 $5,197,398,721

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/mexico/norway | CC BY

GDP per capita in Mexico vs Norway by year

Mexico
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Norway
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Mexico Norway
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $14,186 $26,185 $86,785 $102,038
2023 $13,861 $25,243 $87,497 $103,638
2022 $11,406 $23,135 $109,270 $125,490
2021 $10,314 $20,783 $93,073 $88,984
2020 $8,841 $19,354 $68,340 $67,111
2019 $10,370 $20,964 $76,431 $70,940
2018 $10,085 $20,921 $82,793 $70,254
2017 $9,649 $20,489 $76,132 $64,590
2016 $9,098 $20,105 $70,867 $59,280
2015 $10,021 $19,071 $74,810 $60,738
2014 $11,391 $18,821 $97,667 $66,332
2013 $11,217 $18,170 $103,554 $67,378
2012 $10,744 $18,005 $102,176 $65,774
2011 $10,664 $17,267 $101,222 $62,460
2010 $9,729 $15,909 $88,163 $58,213
2009 $8,424 $15,191 $80,348 $55,648
2008 $10,524 $15,681 $97,504 $62,073
2007 $10,134 $15,032 $85,502 $56,179
2006 $9,513 $14,540 $74,434 $54,358
2005 $8,672 $13,260 $67,047 $47,967
2004 $7,850 $12,658 $57,769 $42,667
2003 $7,434 $12,066 $50,250 $38,680
2002 $7,983 $11,762 $43,171 $38,056
2001 $7,953 $11,739 $38,602 $37,829
2000 $7,524 $11,705 $38,178 $36,994
1999 $6,500 $11,031 $36,393 $30,574
1998 $5,833 $10,756 $34,803 $28,200
1997 $5,567 $10,182 $36,629 $28,610
1996 $4,674 $9,496 $37,322 $26,826
1995 $4,184 $8,933 $34,876 $24,360
1994 $6,202 $9,466 $29,316 $23,027
1993 $6,048 $9,041 $27,964 $21,584
1992 $4,221 $9,470 $30,524 $20,623
1991 $3,709 $9,079 $28,597 $19,580
1990 $3,154 $8,578 $28,243 $18,461
1989 $2,725 - $24,281 -
1988 $2,279 - $24,207 -
1987 $1,888 - $22,506 -
1986 $1,757 - $18,883 -
1985 $2,602 - $15,754 -
1984 $2,506 - $14,989 -
1983 $2,170 - $14,928 -
1982 $2,621 - $15,225 -
1981 $3,829 - $15,513 -
1980 $3,055 - $15,772 -
1979 $2,049 - $13,047 -
1978 $1,604 - $11,463 -
1977 $1,315 - $10,266 -
1976 $1,465 - $8,927 -
1975 $1,492 - $8,204 -
1974 $1,256 - $6,812 -
1973 $993 - $5,690 -
1972 $837 - $4,414 -
1971 $748 - $3,736 -
1970 $699 - $3,306 -
1969 $660 - $2,894 -
1968 $616 - $2,680 -
1967 $576 - $2,531 -
1966 $545 - $2,333 -
1965 $506 - $2,179 -
1964 $481 - $1,951 -
1963 $420 - $1,787 -
1962 $388 - $1,678 -
1961 $374 - $1,571 -
1960 $355 - $1,451 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/mexico/norway | CC BY

Mexico's GDP per capita is $14,186, ranking 69/197, compared to $86,785 in Norway, ranking 8/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Mexico ranks 80th at $26,185, while Norway ranks 7th at $102,038.

Economic indicators

Mexico Norway
Gross domestic product
$1.86T
2024
$484B
2024
GDP rank
13/197
2024
32/197
2024
GDP growth
1.43%
2023-2024
2.1%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$14,186
2024
$86,785
2024
GDP per capita rank
69/197
2024
8/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$26,185
2024
$102,038
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
80/197
2024
7/197
2024
Government debt
$1.08T
2024
$207B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
58.3%
2024
42.7%
2024
Government debt per person
$8,272
2024
$37,074
2024
Government debt per person rank
63/185
2024
17/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$10,231
2026
$49,765
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$418B
2024
$296B
2019
Number of millionaires
399,000
2025
348,000
2025
Number of billionaires
22
2025
17
2025
Income share by richest 10%
34.4%
2022
21.6%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
2.1%
2022
3.6%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
30.3%
2024
48.5%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
4.72%
2023-2024
3.15%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
7%
2025
4%
2025
Unemployment rate
2.62%
2024
3.98%
2024
Population
133323134
5671119

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Mexico
Spending

Debt
Norway
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Mexico Norway
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 30.3% 58.3% 48.5% 42.7%
2023 28.5% 52.6% 45.9% 44.1%
2022 28.5% 53.8% 37.5% 36.1%
2021 26.7% 56.7% 46.3% 41.6%
2020 27.8% 58.5% 56.7% 46%
2019 25.3% 51.9% 50.2% 40.5%
2018 25% 52.2% 47.7% 39.3%
2017 25% 52.5% 49.2% 38.2%
2016 26.5% 55% 50.4% 37.9%
2015 26.6% 51% 48.2% 34.3%
2014 26.9% 47.1% 45.2% 29.6%
2013 26.7% 44.1% 43.5% 31.4%
2012 27% 40.8% 42.4% 30.9%
2011 26.6% 41.2% 43.3% 29.6%
2010 26.5% 40.2% 44.5% 43%
2009 26.5% 41.7% 45.6% 42.5%
2008 26.5% 40.6% 39.8% 47.5%
2007 22.5% 35.5% 41% 49.5%
2006 21.6% 35.8% 40.5% 52.6%
2005 21.2% 36.8% 41.8% 42.3%
2004 20.5% 38.9% 44.7% 43.8%
2003 21.5% 42.1% 47.6% 43.1%
2002 19.8% 39.9% 46.1% 33.9%
2001 19.5% 37.3% 43.2% 27.2%
2000 19.4% 38.5% 41.3% 28.7%
1999 20.1% 41.7% 46.4% 25%
1998 19.5% 39.7% 47.8% 23.6%
1997 20.7% 39.1% 45.5% 25.8%
1996 20.8% 42.5% 47% 28.4%
1995 18.9% 30.7% 49.3% 32.7%
1994 18.9% 26.8% 49.4% 50.6%
1993 18.2% 19.2% 50.2% 53.7%
1992 19% 21.5% 51.3% 45%
1991 20.1% 29.2% 50% 39.2%
1990 22.9% 35.7% 48.9% 28.9%
1989 19.2% 36% 52.2% 30.4%
1988 23.6% 36.5% 52.6% 30.5%
1987 26.7% 52.7% 50.5% 31.3%
1986 25.1% 47.8% 48.1% 37.8%
1985 21.4% 30.4% 44% 30.2%
1984 19.8% 25.2% 44.5% 27.8%
1983 21.6% 25.3% 46.4% 27.4%
1982 24.7% 29.8% 46.6% 29.7%
1981 20.1% 41.7% 46.1% 32.9%
1980 17.5% 31.4% 46.1% 36.8%
1979 16.5% 35.8% 47.2% 39.6%
1978 15.7% 39% 47.9% 49.9%
1977 15.5% 41.5% 46.5% 43.8%
1976 15.5% 31.3% 45.2% 38.5%
1975 14.7% 24.4% 43.5% 36.7%
1974 13.8% 21.7% 42.2% 35.4%
1973 12.7% 20% 42.3% 37.7%
1972 11.9% 17.9% 42.2% 38.9%
1971 10.6% 17% 40.7% 38.5%
1970 10.9% 17.1% 38.9% 38.6%
1969 11.8% 10.7% 38% 22.3%
1968 10.9% 7.85% 36.2% 22.5%
1967 10.4% 8.22% 34.9% 22.6%
1966 11.6% 5.14% 33.5% 22.4%
1965 10.7% 9.99% 32.9% 23%
1964 9.21% 6.22% 32% 24.2%
1963 8.51% 4.13% 31.9% 25.3%
1962 8.26% 4.2% 30.6% 26.7%
1961 8.01% 4.38% 20.4% 27.7%
1960 9.5% 4.58% 18% 29.8%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1995, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/mexico/norway | CC BY

In 2024, Mexico's government spending was $563B, accounting for 30.3% of its GDP, while Norway spent $234B, or 48.5% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 58.3% in Mexico and 42.7% in Norway, ranking 84/185 and 127/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Mexico

Norway
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Mexico Norway
2024 -5.73% 13.2%
2023 -4.29% 16.6%
2022 -4.32% 25.5%
2021 -3.75% 10.3%
2020 -4.29% -2.56%
2019 -2.27% 6.52%
2018 -2.14% 7.81%
2017 -1.03% 4.96%
2016 -2.68% 4.04%
2015 -3.86% 5.99%
2014 -4.37% 8.57%
2013 -3.56% 10.6%
2012 -3.57% 13.7%
2011 -3.2% 13.3%
2010 -3.8% 10.9%
2009 -3.94% 10.2%
2008 -0.68% 18.5%
2007 -1.46% 17%
2006 -1.23% 17.9%
2005 -1.43% 14.7%
2004 -1.35% 10.8%
2003 -2.24% 7.2%
2002 -2.18% 9.03%
2001 -2.57% 13.2%
2000 -2.69% 15%
1999 -4.49% 5.71%
1998 -4.49% 3.07%
1997 -3.48% 7.35%
1996 -3.66% 6.01%
1995 -2.28% 2.96%
1994 -2.25% 0.04%
1993 -1.51% -1.64%
1992 2.26% -2.07%
1991 1.49% -0.12%
1990 -3.11% 1.95%
1989 -4.75% 1.81%
1988 -8.76% 2.65%
1987 -11.6% 4.56%
1986 -11.2% 5.87%
1985 -7.2% 9.84%
1984 -5.79% 6.97%
1983 -6.03% 6.03%
1982 -11.4% 3.96%
1981 -4.9% 4.82%
1980 -1.75% 5.38%
1979 -2.15% 2.16%
1978 -1.88% 0.94%
1977 -2.43% 1.01%
1976 -3.14% 2.2%
1975 -2.64% 2.88%
1974 -3.33% 4.06%
1973 -2.75% 4.99%
1972 -2.3% 3.93%
1971 -1.43% 3.71%
1970 -1.71% 2.83%
1969 -2.74% 3.57%
1968 -2.06% 3.38%
1967 -2.12% 4.19%
1966 -3.2% 3.59%
1965 -2.51% 2.78%
1964 -1.44% 3.08%
1963 -0.92% 2.6%
1962 -0.79% 4%
1961 -0.88% -0.7%
1960 -1.36% 1.42%
1959 -0.73% 1.89%
1958 0.24% 1.7%
1957 -0.03% 1.55%
1956 0.52% 1.22%
1955 0.6% 0.82%
1954 -0.94% -0.54%
1953 -0.58% 1.3%
1952 0.42% 2.15%
1951 -0.26% 1.59%
1950 -0.2% -0.89%
1949 0.44% -0.72%
1948 -1.55% -0.35%
1947 -0.93% -4.66%
1946 0.66% -3.82%
1945 -1.11% -
1944 -1.12% -
1943 0.05% -
1942 -0.93% -
1941 -0.26% -
1940 -0.4% -
1939 -0.06% -0.54%
1938 -0.91% 0.03%
1937 -0.41% -0.16%
1936 -0.39% -0.7%
1935 0.26% -1.1%
1934 0.72% -0.59%
1933 -0.58% -1.29%
1932 0% -1.14%
1931 0.71% -1.15%
1930 0.21% -0.46%
1929 0.95% -0.83%
1928 0.24% -0.81%
1927 -0.3% -0.76%
1926 -0.29% -1.59%
1925 0.46% -1.92%
1924 1.34% -2.96%
1923 1.02% -3.58%
1922 1.13% -4.28%
1921 0.64% -5.47%
1920 0.91% -1.15%
1919 0.41% -2.11%
1918 -0.19% -1.17%
1917 0.63% 0.2%
1916 - -0.36%
1915 - -2.04%
1914 - -1.09%
1913 0.28% -0.9%
1912 -0.79% -0.89%
1911 -0.31% -0.05%
1910 0.1% 0.3%
1909 0.15% -0.52%
1908 -0.08% -0.06%
1907 0.43% 0.16%
1906 0.72% -0.59%
1905 0.35% -0.52%
1904 1.09% -0.75%
1903 3.82% -1.12%
1902 0.42% -1.52%
1901 0.62% -1.41%
1900 0.76% -1.99%
1899 - -1.35%
1898 - -1.39%
1897 - -0.63%
1896 - -1.57%
1895 - -1.66%
1894 - -1.13%
1893 - -1.25%
1892 - -0.94%
1891 - -0.44%
1890 - -0.2%
1889 - -0.07%
1888 - -0.23%
1887 - -0.17%
1886 - -0.2%
1885 - -0.005%
1884 - -0.08%
1883 - -0.17%
1882 - -0.62%
1881 - -1.13%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1881–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/mexico/norway | CC BY

In 2024, Mexico's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $106B, equivalent to 5.73% of GDP. This compares to Norway's surplus of $64.1B, or 13.2% of GDP.

Over the past 65 years, Mexico recorded a fiscal deficit in 63 of those years, while Norway ran a deficit in 5 years. On average, Mexico posted an annual deficit equal to 3.22% of GDP, compared to surplus of 6.38% of GDP for Norway.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Mexico

Norway
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Mexico Norway
2024 4.72% 3.15%
2023 5.53% 5.52%
2022 7.9% 5.76%
2021 5.69% 3.48%
2020 3.4% 1.29%
2019 3.64% 2.17%
2018 4.9% 2.76%
2017 6.04% 1.88%
2016 2.82% 3.55%
2015 2.72% 2.17%
2014 4.02% 2.04%
2013 3.81% 2.12%
2012 4.11% 0.7%
2011 3.41% 1.28%
2010 4.16% 2.42%
2009 5.3% 2.2%
2008 5.12% 3.75%
2007 3.97% 0.71%
2006 3.63% 2.33%
2005 3.99% 1.53%
2004 4.69% 0.45%
2003 4.55% 2.49%
2002 5.03% 1.29%
2001 6.37% 3%
2000 9.49% 3.09%
1999 16.6% 2.37%
1998 15.9% 2.25%
1997 20.6% 2.57%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/mexico/norway | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Mexico has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 6.15%, compared with 2.44% in Norway. In 2024, inflation was 4.72% in Mexico and 3.15% in Norway.

Top exports between countries

Mexico
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $18.7M
Metals $11.4M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $2.24M
Textiles & consumer goods $199K
Chemicals & pharma $195K
Miscellaneous $120K
Raw materials & minerals $53K
Precious metals & jewellery $29K
Raw agricultural goods $5K
Norway
Export category Export value
Miscellaneous $130M
Machinery & equipment $29.7M
Animal & marine products $18.5M
Metals $12.7M
Chemicals & pharma $8.38M
Wood & paper products $5.1M
Textiles & consumer goods $3.05M
Raw materials & minerals $1.64M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $519K
Precious metals & jewellery $43K

Balance of trade

Mexico Norway
Current account balance
-$16.7B
2024
$71.6B
2024
Current account balance ranking
181/190
2024
11/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-0.9%
2024
+14.8%
2024
Goods imports
$637B
2024
$97.5B
2024
Goods exports
$618B
2024
$162B
2024
Service imports
$72B
2024
$63.6B
2024
Service exports
$63B
2024
$55.6B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
37.9%
2024
33.9%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
36.7%
2024
47.5%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Mexico Norway
Economic freedom 59.8 78.8
Economic freedom ranking 102/197 9/197
Property rights 37.6 99.6
Government integrity 28.8 94.3
Judicial effectiveness 40.4 96.4
Tax burden 75.4 63.3
Government spending 74.6 42
Fiscal health 56.7 96.4
Business freedom 67 91.2
Labor freedom 57.3 69.3
Monetary freedom 70.6 72.4
Trade freedom 74.2 85.6
Investment freedom 75 75
Financial freedom 60 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Mexico
Norway
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Mexico Norway
2026 59.8 78.8
2025 61.3 78.3
2024 62 77.5
2023 63.2 76.9
2022 63.7 76.9
2021 65.5 73.4
2020 66 73.4
2019 64.7 73
2018 64.8 74.3
2017 63.6 74
2016 65.2 70.8
2015 66.4 71.8
2014 66.8 70.9
2013 67 70.5
2012 65.3 68.8
2011 67.8 70.3
2010 68.3 69.4
2009 65.8 70.2
2008 66.2 68.6
2007 66 67.9
2006 64.7 67.9
2005 65.2 64.5
2004 66 66.2
2003 65.3 67.2
2002 63 67.4
2001 60.6 67.1
2000 59.3 70.1
1999 58.5 68.6
1998 57.9 68
1997 57.1 65.1
1996 61.2 65.4
1995 63.1 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/mexico/norway | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Mexico is 59.8, ranking 102/197, compared to 78.8 for Norway, ranking 9/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Mexico Norway
Services, % of GDP
58.1%
2024
51.8%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
31.8%
2024
37%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
3.72%
2024
2.08%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$1.68T
2024
$547B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$25,460
2024
$106,830
2024
Total reserves including gold
$232B
2024
$81.2B
2024
Total reserves ranking
16/177
2024
32/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$32.3B
2024
-$7.83B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$45.5B
2024
$12B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$13B
2024
$4.95B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
3.71%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
29.6%
2024
12.2%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
24.1%
2024
24.1%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/mexico/norway | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1881–1995, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2020–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.