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Economy of Algeria vs Norway compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Algeria has a GDP of $287B compared to $531B for Norway, ranking 51/197 and 32/197 by economy size, respectively.

Algeria has $155B in government debt (54.1% of GDP), compared to $239B (45% of GDP) in Norway.

Algeria vs Norway GDP by year

Algeria
Norway
1x
Year GDP, current $
Algeria Norway
2025 $287,031,225,988 $530,755,719,439
2024 $269,322,281,665 $500,886,328,034
2023 $247,923,887,215 $502,197,633,323
2022 $225,581,644,703 $617,321,834,099
2021 $186,231,205,262 $521,592,200,233
2020 $164,873,415,325 $382,252,517,922
2019 $193,459,662,091 $424,244,886,364
2018 $194,554,483,656 $454,588,871,811
2017 $189,880,896,903 $415,673,181,543
2016 $180,763,839,522 $383,284,047,619
2015 $187,493,855,609 $400,669,174,331
2014 $238,942,664,193 $515,829,568,897
2013 $229,701,430,292 $540,132,255,319
2012 $227,143,746,076 $525,082,939,407
2011 $218,331,946,925 $512,868,581,628
2010 $177,785,053,940 $440,132,138,425
2009 $150,317,292,079 $395,664,488,017
2008 $180,383,848,331 $472,060,283,688
2007 $142,482,739,810 $407,813,774,161
2006 $123,084,258,693 $349,773,283,645
2005 $107,046,618,670 $311,417,306,946
2004 $91,913,680,985 $265,662,977,688
2003 $73,482,264,191 $229,192,678,173
2002 $61,516,103,406 $195,359,978,957
2001 $59,413,400,924 $173,590,978,347
2000 $54,790,398,570 $170,620,327,660
1999 $48,640,671,735 $161,304,620,987
1998 $48,187,781,984 $152,955,958,172
1997 $48,177,612,042 $160,013,571,974
1996 $46,941,554,225 $162,427,517,132
1995 $41,764,291,672 $151,083,627,983
1994 $42,543,176,829 $126,324,387,894
1993 $49,945,584,453 $119,841,699,440
1992 $48,003,133,347 $129,998,873,602
1991 $45,715,676,428 $121,149,331,318
1990 $62,048,507,531 $119,344,377,526
1989 $55,634,721,573 $102,226,808,603
1988 $59,089,396,860 $101,497,621,605
1987 $66,745,818,375 $93,913,320,965
1986 $63,692,007,897 $78,438,205,742
1985 $57,937,868,670 $65,211,464,198
1984 $53,698,548,293 $61,866,078,539
1983 $48,801,369,800 $61,417,685,434
1982 $45,207,167,470 $62,453,362,256
1981 $44,348,590,461 $63,392,804,251
1980 $42,345,829,079 $64,176,789,764
1979 $33,243,706,860 $52,935,763,512
1978 $26,364,491,313 $46,355,988,784
1977 $20,972,113,685 $41,362,637,363
1976 $17,728,240,932 $35,815,449,464
1975 $15,557,902,754 $32,742,543,381
1974 $13,209,871,626 $27,033,413,362
1973 $8,707,858,912 $22,433,660,550
1972 $6,766,743,957 $17,283,931,878
1971 $5,077,183,094 $14,523,306,736
1970 $4,863,526,897 $12,753,503,479
1969 $4,257,253,264 $11,083,505,596
1968 $3,852,147,027 $10,178,705,992
1967 $3,370,870,376 $9,532,076,026
1966 $3,039,859,187 $8,712,528,095
1965 $3,136,284,307 $8,073,570,566
1964 $2,909,316,435 $7,172,430,304
1963 $2,702,982,018 $6,522,268,053
1962 $2,001,444,544 $6,078,186,245
1961 $2,434,747,056 $5,642,867,672
1960 $2,723,615,451 $5,172,811,442

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/algeria/norway | CC BY

GDP per capita in Algeria vs Norway by year

Algeria
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Norway
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Algeria Norway
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $6,051 - $94,594 -
2024 $5,753 $17,621 $89,889 $102,038
2023 $5,370 $16,824 $90,984 $103,638
2022 $4,960 $15,836 $113,122 $125,490
2021 $4,161 $14,497 $96,443 $88,984
2020 $3,744 $12,677 $71,058 $67,111
2019 $4,468 $13,893 $79,329 $70,940
2018 $4,577 $13,727 $85,579 $70,254
2017 $4,555 $13,494 $78,771 $64,590
2016 $4,425 $13,438 $73,222 $59,280
2015 $4,685 $13,807 $77,221 $60,738
2014 $6,095 $14,694 $100,410 $66,332
2013 $5,980 $14,371 $106,333 $67,378
2012 $6,034 $14,441 $104,628 $65,774
2011 $5,916 $14,640 $103,545 $62,460
2010 $4,913 $14,201 $90,020 $58,213
2009 $4,235 $13,651 $81,940 $55,648
2008 $5,181 $13,666 $99,002 $62,073
2007 $4,167 $13,321 $86,600 $56,179
2006 $3,661 $12,791 $75,048 $54,358
2005 $3,233 $12,246 $67,358 $47,967
2004 $2,817 $11,432 $57,855 $42,667
2003 $2,284 $10,803 $50,208 $38,680
2002 $1,937 $10,080 $43,048 $38,056
2001 $1,896 $9,544 $38,458 $37,829
2000 $1,773 $9,187 $37,992 $36,994
1999 $1,596 $8,776 $36,151 $30,574
1998 $1,603 $8,503 $34,516 $28,200
1997 $1,629 $8,129 $36,324 $28,610
1996 $1,617 $8,053 $37,073 $26,826
1995 $1,467 $7,747 $34,659 $24,360
1994 $1,526 $7,463 $29,130 $23,027
1993 $1,831 $7,538 $27,793 $21,584
1992 $1,803 $7,705 $30,328 $20,623
1991 $1,759 $7,582 $28,427 $19,580
1990 $2,445 $7,602 $28,137 $18,461
1989 $2,247 - $24,185 -
1988 $2,451 - $24,112 -
1987 $2,847 - $22,430 -
1986 $2,800 - $18,822 -
1985 $2,633 - $15,704 -
1984 $2,524 - $14,943 -
1983 $2,374 - $14,877 -
1982 $2,275 - $15,178 -
1981 $2,307 - $15,463 -
1980 $2,276 - $15,708 -
1979 $1,843 - $12,998 -
1978 $1,506 - $11,421 -
1977 $1,232 - $10,230 -
1976 $1,080 - $8,896 -
1975 $992 - $8,171 -
1974 $873 - $6,783 -
1973 $590 - $5,664 -
1972 $469 - $4,395 -
1971 $360 - $3,721 -
1970 $353 - $3,291 -
1969 $316 - $2,881 -
1968 $292.4 - $2,667 -
1967 $261.8 - $2,519 -
1966 $241.4 - $2,321 -
1965 $253.6 - $2,168 -
1964 $238.9 - $1,941 -
1963 $225.6 - $1,779 -
1962 $169.6 - $1,670 -
1961 $209.4 - $1,563 -
1960 $238.4 - $1,444 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/algeria/norway | CC BY

Algeria's GDP per capita is $6,051, ranking 114/197, compared to $94,594 in Norway, ranking 9/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Algeria ranks 105th at $17,621, while Norway ranks 7th at $102,038.

Economic indicators

Algeria Norway
Gross domestic product
$287B
2025
$531B
2025
GDP rank
51/197
2025
32/197
2025
GDP growth
3.82%
2024-2025
1.09%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$6,051
2025
$94,594
2025
GDP per capita rank
114/197
2025
9/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$17,621
2024
$102,038
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
105/197
2024
7/197
2024
Government debt
$155B
2025
$239B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
54.1%
2025
45%
2025
Government debt per person
$3,274
2025
$42,567
2025
Government debt per person rank
100/185
2025
15/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$3,755
2026
$50,036
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$371M
2018
$296B
2019
Number of millionaires n/a
348,000
2025
Number of billionaires
1
2026
17
2026
Income share by richest 10%
22.9%
2011
21.6%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
4%
2011
3.6%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
36.2%
2025
49.6%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
1.42%
2024-2025
3.06%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
3%
2020
4.25%
2026
Unemployment rate
11.7%
2017
4.5%
2025
Population
48345858
5660666

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Algeria
Spending

Debt
Norway
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Algeria Norway
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 36.2% 54.1% 49.6% 45%
2024 36.8% 48.1% 46.9% 52.8%
2023 37.4% 47.7% 44.2% 42.4%
2022 32.7% 48.1% 36.2% 34.8%
2021 32.5% 55.1% 44.7% 40.1%
2020 37.5% 46% 54.5% 44.3%
2019 37.1% 40.9% 48.4% 39%
2018 36.2% 34.5% 46.1% 38.1%
2017 36.2% 24% 47.6% 36.9%
2016 37.2% 18.1% 48.8% 36.7%
2015 40.9% 7.73% 46.7% 33.2%
2014 36.9% 6.85% 44% 28.8%
2013 33.5% 6.48% 42.3% 30.6%
2012 40% 8.58% 41.4% 30.2%
2011 37.7% 8.48% 42.3% 28.9%
2010 35.1% 9.51% 43.6% 42.1%
2009 40.1% 8.92% 44.7% 41.7%
2008 37.3% 7.64% 39.2% 46.8%
2007 33.1% 12.8% 40.5% 48.9%
2006 27.8% 22.5% 40.1% 52.2%
2005 27.8% 25.4% 41.6% 42.1%
2004 27.1% 32.7% 44.7% 43.8%
2003 27% 38.2% 47.7% 43.1%
2002 32.5% 47.3% 46.3% 34%
2001 29.1% 50% 43.4% 27.3%
2000 26.4% 53.4% 41.5% 28.8%
1999 29.4% 69.7% 46.7% 25.1%
1998 28.7% 79.9% 48.2% 23.8%
1997 28.5% 79.6% 45.9% 26%
1996 26.9% 90.7% 47.4% 28.6%
1995 28.9% 95.9% 49.6% 32.9%
1994 30.9% 106.3% 49.7% 51%
1993 32.6% 76.8% 50.5% 54%
1992 28.2% 69.3% 51.6% 45.3%
1991 27.6% 86.1% 50.3% 39.5%
1990 23.3% 63.6% 49.1% 29.1%
1989 - - 52.2% 30.4%
1988 - - 52.6% 30.5%
1987 - - 50.5% 31.3%
1986 - - 48.1% 37.8%
1985 - - 44% 30.2%
1984 - - 44.5% 27.8%
1983 - - 46.4% 27.4%
1982 - - 46.6% 29.7%
1981 - - 46.1% 32.9%
1980 - - 46.1% 36.8%
1979 - - 47.2% 39.6%
1978 - - 47.9% 49.9%
1977 - - 46.5% 43.8%
1976 - - 45.2% 38.5%
1975 - - 43.5% 36.7%
1974 - - 42.2% 35.4%
1973 - - 42.3% 37.7%
1972 - - 42.2% 38.9%
1971 - - 40.7% 38.5%
1970 - - 38.9% 38.6%
1969 - - 38% 22.3%
1968 - - 36.2% 22.5%
1967 - - 34.9% 22.6%
1966 - - 33.5% 22.4%
1965 - - 32.9% 23%
1964 - - 32% 24.2%
1963 - - 31.9% 25.3%
1962 - - 30.6% 26.7%
1961 - - 20.4% 27.7%
1960 - - 18% 29.8%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1990, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/algeria/norway | CC BY

In 2025, Algeria's government spending was $104B, accounting for 36.2% of its GDP, while Norway spent $263B, or 49.6% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 54.1% in Algeria and 45% in Norway, ranking 94/185 and 117/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Algeria

Norway
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Algeria Norway
2025 -10.2% 9.34%
2024 -13.8% 12.8%
2023 -5.52% 15.9%
2022 -2.96% 24.7%
2021 -6.32% 9.93%
2020 -10.5% -2.46%
2019 -8.51% 6.28%
2018 -6.15% 7.56%
2017 -7.55% 4.79%
2016 -11.8% 3.91%
2015 -13.9% 5.8%
2014 -7.14% 8.34%
2013 -0.79% 10.3%
2012 -4.04% 13.4%
2011 -1.06% 13%
2010 -1.35% 10.6%
2009 -6.53% 10%
2008 7.79% 18.3%
2007 4.63% 16.8%
2006 12.9% 17.7%
2005 11.4% 14.7%
2004 6.36% 10.8%
2003 7.22% 7.21%
2002 0.21% 9.05%
2001 3.15% 13.2%
2000 8.91% 15.1%
1999 -1.83% 5.75%
1998 -3.52% 3.09%
1997 2.19% 7.41%
1996 2.7% 6.05%
1995 -1.3% 2.98%
1994 -4.05% 0.04%
1993 -7.79% -1.65%
1992 -1.05% -2.08%
1991 1.53% -0.12%
1990 3.35% 1.96%
1989 - 1.81%
1988 - 2.65%
1987 - 4.56%
1986 - 5.87%
1985 - 9.84%
1984 - 6.97%
1983 - 6.03%
1982 - 3.96%
1981 - 4.82%
1980 - 5.38%
1979 - 2.16%
1978 - 0.94%
1977 - 1.01%
1976 - 2.2%
1975 - 2.88%
1974 - 4.06%
1973 - 4.99%
1972 - 3.93%
1971 - 3.71%
1970 - 2.83%
1969 - 3.57%
1968 - 3.38%
1967 - 4.19%
1966 - 3.59%
1965 - 2.78%
1964 - 3.08%
1963 - 2.6%
1962 - 4%
1961 - -0.7%
1960 - 1.42%
1959 - 1.89%
1958 - 1.7%
1957 - 1.55%
1956 - 1.22%
1955 - 0.82%
1954 - -0.54%
1953 - 1.3%
1952 - 2.15%
1951 - 1.59%
1950 - -0.89%
1949 - -0.72%
1948 - -0.35%
1947 - -4.66%
1946 - -3.82%
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 - -0.54%
1938 - 0.03%
1937 - -0.16%
1936 - -0.7%
1935 - -1.1%
1934 - -0.59%
1933 - -1.29%
1932 - -1.14%
1931 - -1.15%
1930 - -0.46%
1929 - -0.83%
1928 - -0.81%
1927 - -0.76%
1926 - -1.59%
1925 - -1.92%
1924 - -2.96%
1923 - -3.58%
1922 - -4.28%
1921 - -5.47%
1920 - -1.15%
1919 - -2.11%
1918 - -1.17%
1917 - 0.2%
1916 - -0.36%
1915 - -2.04%
1914 - -1.09%
1913 - -0.9%
1912 - -0.89%
1911 - -0.05%
1910 - 0.3%
1909 - -0.52%
1908 - -0.06%
1907 - 0.16%
1906 - -0.59%
1905 - -0.52%
1904 - -0.75%
1903 - -1.12%
1902 - -1.52%
1901 - -1.41%
1900 - -1.99%
1899 - -1.35%
1898 - -1.39%
1897 - -0.63%
1896 - -1.57%
1895 - -1.66%
1894 - -1.13%
1893 - -1.25%
1892 - -0.94%
1891 - -0.44%
1890 - -0.2%
1889 - -0.07%
1888 - -0.23%
1887 - -0.17%
1886 - -0.2%
1885 - -0.005%
1884 - -0.08%
1883 - -0.17%
1882 - -0.62%
1881 - -1.13%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1881–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/algeria/norway | CC BY

In 2025, Algeria's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $29.1B, equivalent to 10.2% of GDP. This compares to Norway's surplus of $49.6B, or 9.34% of GDP.

Over the past 36 years, Algeria recorded a fiscal deficit in 23 of those years, while Norway ran a deficit in 4 years. On average, Algeria posted an annual deficit equal to 1.81% of GDP, compared to surplus of 8.62% of GDP for Norway.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Algeria

Norway
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Algeria Norway
2025 1.42% 3.06%
2024 4.05% 3.15%
2023 9.32% 5.52%
2022 9.27% 5.76%
2021 7.23% 3.48%
2020 2.42% 1.29%
2019 1.95% 2.17%
2018 4.27% 2.76%
2017 5.59% 1.88%
2016 6.4% 3.55%
2015 4.78% 2.17%
2014 2.92% 2.04%
2013 3.25% 2.12%
2012 8.89% 0.7%
2011 4.52% 1.28%
2010 3.91% 2.42%
2009 5.74% 2.2%
2008 4.86% 3.75%
2007 3.68% 0.71%
2006 2.31% 2.33%
2005 1.38% 1.53%
2004 3.96% 0.45%
2003 4.27% 2.49%
2002 1.42% 1.29%
2001 4.23% 3%
2000 0.34% 3.09%
1999 2.65% 2.37%
1998 4.95% 2.25%
1997 5.73% 2.57%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/algeria/norway | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Algeria has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 4.33%, compared with 2.46% in Norway. In 2025, inflation was 1.42% in Algeria and 3.06% in Norway.

Top exports between countries

Algeria
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $40.4M
Raw agricultural goods $79K
Metals $41K
Chemicals & pharma $37K
Textiles & consumer goods $36K
Machinery & equipment $3K
Norway
Export category Export value
Miscellaneous $14.4M
Metals $8.51M
Chemicals & pharma $8.12M
Raw materials & minerals $5.69M
Machinery & equipment $2.04M
Textiles & consumer goods $895K
Wood & paper products $79K
Precious metals & jewellery $61K
Raw agricultural goods $6K
Animal & marine products $5K

Balance of trade

Algeria Norway
Current account balance
-$2.75B
2024
$74.1B
2025
Current account balance ranking
151/190
2024
10/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.02%
2024
+14%
2025
Goods imports
$45.3B
2024
$105B
2025
Goods exports
$48.8B
2024
$177B
2025
Service imports
$9.13B
2024
$73.9B
2025
Service exports
$4.22B
2024
$63.5B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
22.1%
2025
33.7%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
16.8%
2025
45.4%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Algeria Norway
Economic freedom 45.8 78.8
Economic freedom ranking 179/197 9/197
Property rights 27.7 99.6
Government integrity 29.4 94.3
Judicial effectiveness 30 96.4
Tax burden 80.3 63.3
Government spending 61.9 42
Fiscal health 15.4 96.4
Business freedom 59.3 91.2
Labor freedom 52.2 69.3
Monetary freedom 74.7 72.4
Trade freedom 58.8 85.6
Investment freedom 30 75
Financial freedom 30 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Algeria
Norway
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Algeria Norway
2026 45.8 78.8
2025 47.5 78.3
2024 43.9 77.5
2023 43.2 76.9
2022 45.8 76.9
2021 49.7 73.4
2020 46.9 73.4
2019 46.2 73
2018 44.7 74.3
2017 46.5 74
2016 50.1 70.8
2015 48.9 71.8
2014 50.8 70.9
2013 49.6 70.5
2012 51 68.8
2011 52.4 70.3
2010 56.9 69.4
2009 56.6 70.2
2008 56.2 68.6
2007 55.4 67.9
2006 55.7 67.9
2005 53.2 64.5
2004 58.1 66.2
2003 57.7 67.2
2002 61 67.4
2001 57.3 67.1
2000 56.8 70.1
1999 57.2 68.6
1998 55.8 68
1997 54.9 65.1
1996 54.5 65.4
1995 55.7 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/algeria/norway | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Algeria is 45.8, ranking 179/197, compared to 78.8 for Norway, ranking 9/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Algeria Norway
Services, % of GDP
45.7%
2025
55%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
34.8%
2025
34.5%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
14.5%
2025
1.64%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$278B
2025
$546B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$18,240
2025
$107,770
2025
Total reserves including gold
$72.5B
2025
$85.5B
2025
Total reserves ranking
38/177
2025
34/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$1.23B
2024
$8.93B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$1.23B
2024
$12.1B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$265K
2024
$5.62B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
0.17%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
5.5%
2011
12.2%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
45.3%
2025
23.2%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/algeria/norway | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1881–1990, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2017–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.