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Economy of Philippines vs Spain compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

The Philippines has a GDP of $462B compared to $1.73T for Spain, ranking 35/197 and 15/197 by economy size, respectively.

The Philippines has $261B in government debt (56.6% of GDP), compared to $1.75T (101.6% of GDP) in Spain.

Philippines vs Spain GDP by year

Philippines
Spain
1x
Year GDP, current $
Philippines Spain
2024 $461,617,509,782 $1,725,671,652,742
2023 $437,055,627,244 $1,619,481,980,720
2022 $404,353,369,605 $1,448,850,658,407
2021 $394,087,359,848 $1,461,244,901,853
2020 $361,751,145,452 $1,289,783,836,971
2019 $376,823,402,239 $1,403,496,387,686
2018 $346,841,896,587 $1,431,642,809,327
2017 $328,480,736,803 $1,321,754,088,819
2016 $318,627,003,017 $1,243,015,667,917
2015 $306,445,871,242 $1,206,164,777,553
2014 $297,483,555,338 $1,380,244,561,362
2013 $283,902,828,589 $1,362,186,923,158
2012 $261,920,540,963 $1,330,994,811,670
2011 $234,216,730,291 $1,487,568,659,241
2010 $208,368,893,151 $1,427,989,078,917
2009 $175,974,755,881 $1,496,587,590,848
2008 $181,624,626,327 $1,636,115,447,613
2007 $155,980,408,673 $1,476,746,276,855
2006 $127,652,926,368 $1,261,846,683,275
2005 $107,419,977,318 $1,154,667,551,776
2004 $95,001,999,685 $1,069,829,382,515
2003 $87,039,092,974 $907,963,217,058
2002 $84,307,345,888 $708,938,227,244
2001 $78,921,234,458 $627,798,682,379
2000 $83,669,788,377 $598,102,854,756
1999 $85,640,171,045 $634,394,904,387
1998 $74,492,416,330 $618,731,484,575
1997 $94,106,317,565 $589,739,772,727
1996 $94,648,084,429 $642,251,412,058
1995 $84,644,328,727 $614,170,002,669
1994 $73,159,336,915 $530,183,651,720
1993 $62,036,529,147 $524,700,572,624
1992 $60,422,328,242 $630,465,353,486
1991 $51,784,144,943 $576,753,902,322
1990 $50,508,286,642 $536,175,326,477
1989 $48,513,773,721 $414,460,794,097
1988 $43,152,128,959 $375,891,716,898
1987 $37,791,488,666 $318,520,253,335
1986 $33,987,207,295 $251,141,555,186
1985 $34,961,486,348 $180,664,322,896
1984 $35,730,185,634 $171,979,977,230
1983 $37,759,179,895 $170,829,074,246
1982 $42,206,011,275 $195,856,752,991
1981 $40,499,388,869 $202,663,023,968
1980 $36,848,080,899 $232,600,556,974
1979 $31,218,296,292 $214,448,666,336
1978 $25,762,224,563 $160,484,969,618
1977 $22,283,109,803 $132,354,665,936
1976 $19,381,055,197 $118,422,534,195
1975 $16,875,240,684 $114,695,060,870
1974 $15,607,882,555 $97,204,522,642
1973 $11,412,449,735 $78,583,355,226
1972 $9,067,815,521 $59,090,176,029
1971 $8,375,075,630 $46,586,119,760
1970 $7,559,115,517 $40,963,715,237
1969 $9,571,800,653 $37,090,689,288
1968 $8,632,749,269 $32,394,326,464
1967 $7,724,873,935 $32,570,905,397
1966 $7,189,017,888 $29,559,436,183
1965 $6,517,349,772 $25,479,619,607
1964 $5,953,756,195 $21,966,876,027
1963 $5,505,023,238 $19,631,714,760
1962 $4,954,593,072 $16,609,632,791
1961 $8,171,194,425 $14,238,126,760
1960 $7,515,894,111 $12,424,514,014

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/philippines/spain | CC BY

GDP per capita in Philippines vs Spain by year

Philippines
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Spain
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Philippines Spain
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $3,985 $11,794 $35,327 $57,965
2023 $3,804 $10,986 $33,493 $55,682
2022 $3,548 $10,131 $30,319 $51,399
2021 $3,484 $8,858 $30,799 $44,252
2020 $3,228 $8,238 $27,234 $39,328
2019 $3,401 $8,924 $29,787 $44,043
2018 $3,169 $8,358 $30,602 $41,015
2017 $3,038 $7,774 $28,381 $39,825
2016 $2,985 $7,383 $26,756 $37,613
2015 $2,910 $6,894 $25,982 $35,229
2014 $2,867 $6,689 $29,708 $33,761
2013 $2,781 $6,373 $29,229 $32,614
2012 $2,615 $6,094 $28,456 $31,870
2011 $2,384 $5,705 $31,825 $32,016
2010 $2,163 $5,489 $30,659 $31,805
2009 $1,864 $5,157 $32,280 $32,218
2008 $1,959 $5,144 $35,603 $33,350
2007 $1,713 $4,923 $32,652 $32,536
2006 $1,426 $4,579 $28,422 $30,749
2005 $1,220 $4,289 $26,451 $27,630
2004 $1,100 $4,037 $24,925 $26,160
2003 $1,027 $3,761 $21,522 $25,057
2002 $1,015 $3,580 $17,111 $24,378
2001 $970 $3,469 $15,368 $22,952
2000 $1,051 $3,366 $14,743 $21,582
1999 $1,101 $3,229 $15,708 $19,938
1998 $983 $3,160 $15,382 $19,083
1997 $1,273 $3,221 $14,722 $17,903
1996 $1,311 $3,082 $16,101 $16,971
1995 $1,200 $2,926 $15,461 $16,276
1994 $1,060 $2,800 $13,406 $15,582
1993 $919 $2,684 $13,330 $14,973
1992 $917 $2,629 $16,101 $14,855
1991 $804 $2,621 $14,801 $14,461
1990 $804 $2,608 $13,795 $13,676
1989 $792 - $10,674 -
1988 $722 - $9,696 -
1987 $650 - $8,234 -
1986 $600 - $6,509 -
1985 $633 - $4,696 -
1984 $665 - $4,487 -
1983 $723 - $4,475 -
1982 $833 - $5,156 -
1981 $821 - $5,367 -
1980 $767 - $6,204 -
1979 $667 - $5,766 -
1978 $565 - $4,353 -
1977 $502 - $3,625 -
1976 $449 - $3,277 -
1975 $401 - $3,208 -
1974 $379 - $2,748 -
1973 $283.2 - $2,246 -
1972 $230.1 - $1,708 -
1971 $217.4 - $1,361 -
1970 $200.9 - $1,211 -
1969 $261.1 - $1,109 -
1968 $242.2 - $978 -
1967 $223.1 - $997 -
1966 $213.8 - $916 -
1965 $199.8 - $797 -
1964 $188.2 - $695 -
1963 $179.5 - $627 -
1962 $166.7 - $535 -
1961 $283.8 - $463 -
1960 $269.5 - $408 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/philippines/spain | CC BY

The Philippines' GDP per capita is $3,985, ranking 130/197, compared to $35,327 in Spain, ranking 32/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), the Philippines ranks 127th at $11,794, while Spain ranks 34th at $57,965.

Economic indicators

Philippines Spain
Gross domestic product
$462B
2024
$1.73T
2024
GDP rank
35/197
2024
15/197
2024
GDP growth
5.69%
2023-2024
3.46%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$3,985
2024
$35,327
2024
GDP per capita rank
130/197
2024
32/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$11,794
2024
$57,965
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
127/197
2024
34/197
2024
Government debt
$261B
2024
$1.75T
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
56.6%
2024
101.6%
2024
Government debt per person
$2,257
2024
$35,909
2024
Government debt per person rank
117/185
2024
20/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$3,407
2026
$25,470
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$252B
2024
$754B
2024
Number of millionaires n/a
1,202,000
2025
Number of billionaires
15
2025
34
2025
Income share by richest 10%
31.6%
2023
24.5%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
2.9%
2023
2.2%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
24.9%
2024
45.3%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
3.21%
2023-2024
2.77%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
4.75%
2025
n/a
Unemployment rate
2.41%
2023
11.3%
2024
Population
117991570
48806901

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Philippines
Spending

Debt
Spain
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Philippines Spain
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 24.9% 56.6% 45.3% 101.6%
2023 24.7% 56.5% 45.5% 105.1%
2022 25.9% 57.4% 46.4% 109.2%
2021 27.2% 57% 49.5% 115.6%
2020 25.9% 51.6% 51.4% 119.2%
2019 21.7% 37% 42% 97.6%
2018 20.9% 37.1% 41.5% 99.7%
2017 19.5% 38.1% 41% 101.1%
2016 19% 37.4% 42.1% 102%
2015 17.8% 39.7% 43.7% 102.4%
2014 16.8% 40.3% 45.1% 104.4%
2013 17.3% 43.9% 46.2% 100%
2012 17.7% 45.7% 49.2% 89.6%
2011 17.2% 45.4% 45.9% 69.5%
2010 18.3% 47.6% 45.8% 60.3%
2009 19.2% 49.8% 46.1% 53.1%
2008 17.9% 50% 41.3% 39.6%
2007 18.2% 50.2% 39.2% 35.7%
2006 18.3% 57.2% 38.4% 39%
2005 18.7% 64.7% 38.4% 42.4%
2004 19.4% 71.1% 38.8% 45.3%
2003 20.4% 71.4% 38.4% 47.7%
2002 20.6% 65.2% 38.6% 51.2%
2001 21% 59.5% 38.4% 54.1%
2000 20.8% 59.2% 39.1% 57.8%
1999 20.7% 54.2% 40% 60.9%
1998 20.3% 50.8% 41% 62.4%
1997 20.3% 56.9% 41.5% 64.3%
1996 19.6% 53.1% 42.9% 65.4%
1995 19.1% 60.8% 44.1% 61.6%
1994 19.7% 63.6% 44.8% 57%
1993 17.6% 73.9% 46.3% 54.6%
1992 18.4% 53.9% 43.9% 44.1%
1991 18% 55.6% 42.6% 41.9%
1990 18.8% 56.2% 41.1% 41.3%
1989 15.7% 55.2% 32.1% 39.2%
1988 15.9% 69% 28.6% 38.2%
1987 15.7% 79.2% 31.1% 42.1%
1986 13.5% 77.7% 28.4% 36.5%
1985 11.3% 53.1% 27.6% 31.5%
1984 10.1% 45.8% 27% 18.3%
1983 12.2% 43.1% 26% 13.4%
1982 12.8% 32.9% 21.5% 12%
1981 13.7% 27.6% 18.1% 10.9%
1980 13.4% 24.8% 16.3% 10.2%
1979 11.9% 22.5% 14.3% 9.88%
1978 13.3% 23.1% 14.3% 9.93%
1977 13.3% 19.8% 12.8% 8.75%
1976 13.8% 16.8% 11.5% 8.21%
1975 15.1% 13% 11.4% 11.9%
1974 10.7% 13.4% 11.4% 13.6%
1973 14% 11.5% 9.88% 16.3%
1972 13.4% 14.2% 12.5% 17.6%
1971 11.2% 14.8% 14% 17.9%
1970 10.4% 16.8% 12.3% 19.2%
1969 11.5% 16.4% 12.3% 18.8%
1968 11.2% 15.7% 12.8% 18.3%
1967 10.2% 15.4% 12.5% 17.6%
1966 9.77% 14.4% 11.8% 17.7%
1965 9.48% 15% 14% 18.1%
1964 9.66% 14.2% 12.7% 19.5%
1963 10.4% 14.1% 12.4% 21%
1962 10.8% 15.9% 10.6% 24.4%
1961 9.6% 16.5% 9.97% 26.7%
1960 10.1% 16.6% 11% 29.4%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1992, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/philippines/spain | CC BY

In 2024, the Philippines' government spending was $115B, accounting for 24.9% of its GDP, while Spain spent $782B, or 45.3% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 56.6% in the Philippines and 101.6% in Spain, ranking 93/185 and 21/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Philippines

Spain
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Philippines Spain
2024 -3.78% -3.15%
2023 -4.38% -3.52%
2022 -5.48% -4.63%
2021 -6.23% -6.66%
2020 -5.55% -10%
2019 -1.5% -3.04%
2018 -1.48% -2.58%
2017 -0.75% -3.1%
2016 -0.74% -4.26%
2015 0.14% -5.26%
2014 1.32% -6.07%
2013 0.37% -7.49%
2012 -0.22% -11.5%
2011 -0.38% -9.69%
2010 -2.25% -9.49%
2009 -2.57% -11.2%
2008 0.02% -4.56%
2007 -0.28% 1.88%
2006 -0.05% 2.12%
2005 -1.62% 1.23%
2004 -2.81% -0.1%
2003 -3.49% -0.37%
2002 -3.71% -0.32%
2001 -3.49% -0.45%
2000 -3.27% -1.16%
1999 -2.29% -1.24%
1998 -1.31% -2.63%
1997 0.37% -3.86%
1996 0.54% -5.87%
1995 -0.02% -6.79%
1994 -0.44% -6.31%
1993 0.63% -6.89%
1992 -0.43% -4.26%
1991 -0.26% -4.58%
1990 -1.52% -3.9%
1989 -1.64% -3.24%
1988 -2.71% -2.95%
1987 -1.06% -3.52%
1986 -0.55% -5.18%
1985 0.71% -6.04%
1984 0.64% -5.25%
1983 0.1% -4.77%
1982 -0.88% -5.76%
1981 -1.09% -2.88%
1980 0.56% -2.55%
1979 1.54% -1.51%
1978 0.05% -1.63%
1977 -0.42% -0.24%
1976 -0.55% 0.43%
1975 0.13% 0.26%
1974 5.94% 0.11%
1973 2.49% 1.09%
1972 3.39% 0.24%
1971 -0.96% -0.96%
1970 -0.31% 0.09%
1969 -2.67% -0.06%
1968 -2.33% -0.55%
1967 -1.35% -0.32%
1966 -0.74% 0.07%
1965 -1.53% -0.04%
1964 -0.99% 0.18%
1963 -0.68% -0.54%
1962 -0.43% 1.27%
1961 -0.29% 1.9%
1960 -1.06% 0.69%
1959 -0.15% 0.54%
1958 -0.21% 0.23%
1957 -0.56% 1.13%
1956 -0.77% -0.05%
1955 -1.3% 0.6%
1954 -0.79% 0.7%
1953 -0.88% 1.02%
1952 0.49% 0.81%
1951 1.5% -0.24%
1950 -0.19% -0.44%
1949 -2.33% -0.35%
1948 -0.65% -1.21%
1947 0.05% -1.09%
1946 -2.54% -2.24%
1945 - -4.56%
1944 - -5.44%
1943 - -7.73%
1942 - -2.48%
1941 - -4.34%
1940 - -3.54%
1939 - -
1938 - -
1937 - -
1936 - -
1935 - -0.49%
1934 - -1.17%
1933 - -0.72%
1932 - -0.3%
1931 - 0.1%
1930 - 0.3%
1929 - -0.07%
1928 - -0.31%
1927 - -0.54%
1926 - -0.65%
1925 - -1.19%
1924 - -1.76%
1923 - -1.89%
1922 - -2.26%
1921 - -3.33%
1920 - -2.4%
1919 - -1.82%
1918 - -1.8%
1917 - -1.49%
1916 - -1.15%
1915 - -2.97%
1914 - -1.04%
1913 - -0.09%
1912 - -0.33%
1911 - 0.19%
1910 - 0.09%
1909 - -0.29%
1908 - 0.59%
1907 - 0.66%
1906 - 0.91%
1905 - 0.71%
1904 - 0.52%
1903 - 0.28%
1902 - 0.74%
1901 - 0.69%
1900 - 1.04%
1899 - 2.75%
1898 - 0.13%
1897 - -0.64%
1896 - 0.46%
1895 - 0.83%
1894 - -0.08%
1893 - 0.87%
1892 - -0.67%
1891 - -0.41%
1890 - -0.4%
1889 - -0.38%
1888 - -0.97%
1887 - -0.73%
1886 - -0.08%
1885 - -0.78%
1884 - -0.23%
1883 - -0.38%
1882 - 0.38%
1881 - 0.08%
1880 - -0.02%
1879 - -0.52%
1878 - -0.08%
1877 - 0.11%
1876 - 0.1%
1875 - -1.42%
1874 - -0.1%
1873 - 2.22%
1872 - -2.27%
1871 - -2.64%
1870 - -3.42%
1869 - -2.64%
1868 - -1.46%
1867 - -0.79%
1866 - -0.83%
1865 - -1.84%
1864 - -2.48%
1863 - -1.55%
1862 - -1.76%
1861 - -1.77%
1860 - -0.94%
1859 - 0.39%
1858 - -0.44%
1857 - -0.41%
1856 - -0.46%
1855 - -0.76%
1854 - -0.32%
1853 - -0.02%
1852 - -0.11%
1851 - -0.25%
1850 - 0.31%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1850–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/philippines/spain | CC BY

In 2024, the Philippines' government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $17.5B, equivalent to 3.78% of GDP. This compares to Spain's deficit of $54.3B, or 3.15% of GDP.

Over the past 65 years, the Philippines recorded a fiscal deficit in 48 of those years, while Spain ran a deficit in 51 years. On average, the Philippines posted an annual deficit equal to 0.98% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.94% of GDP for Spain.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Philippines

Spain
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Philippines Spain
2024 3.21% 2.77%
2023 5.98% 3.53%
2022 5.82% 8.39%
2021 3.93% 3.09%
2020 2.39% -0.32%
2019 2.39% 0.7%
2018 5.31% 1.67%
2017 2.85% 1.96%
2016 1.25% -0.2%
2015 0.67% -0.5%
2014 3.6% -0.15%
2013 2.58% 1.41%
2012 3.03% 2.45%
2011 4.72% 3.2%
2010 3.79% 1.8%
2009 4.22% -0.29%
2008 8.26% 4.08%
2007 2.9% 2.79%
2006 5.49% 3.52%
2005 6.52% 3.37%
2004 4.83% 3.04%
2003 2.29% 3.04%
2002 2.72% 3.07%
2001 5.35% 3.59%
2000 3.98% 3.43%
1999 5.94% 2.31%
1998 9.23% 1.83%
1997 5.59% 1.97%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/philippines/spain | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, the Philippines has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 4.24%, compared with 2.34% in Spain. In 2024, inflation was 3.21% in the Philippines and 2.77% in Spain.

Top exports between countries

Philippines
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $214M
Machinery & equipment $111M
Raw agricultural goods $14.2M
Animal & marine products $6.77M
Textiles & consumer goods $6.04M
Precious metals & jewellery $5.03M
Chemicals & pharma $4.44M
Metals $1.53M
Wood & paper products $400K
Miscellaneous $154K
Spain
Export category Export value
Animal & marine products $397M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $259M
Chemicals & pharma $123M
Machinery & equipment $65.4M
Textiles & consumer goods $37.8M
Metals $16.9M
Weapons & explosives $15M
Precious metals & jewellery $10.9M
Miscellaneous $7M
Raw materials & minerals $5.6M

Balance of trade

Philippines Spain
Current account balance
-$18.3B
2024
$54.9B
2024
Current account balance ranking
183/190
2024
13/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-3.96%
2024
+3.18%
2024
Goods imports
$124B
2024
$456B
2024
Goods exports
$55.1B
2024
$419B
2024
Service imports
$37.6B
2024
$111B
2024
Service exports
$51.6B
2024
$220B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
40.1%
2024
32.9%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
25.8%
2024
37.1%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Philippines Spain
Economic freedom 62.9 66.8
Economic freedom ranking 85/197 59/197
Property rights 45.8 88
Government integrity 35.4 64.2
Judicial effectiveness 41.8 74.3
Tax burden 78.3 58.2
Government spending 81 37.3
Fiscal health 60.5 57.3
Business freedom 69.2 82.6
Labor freedom 57.8 61.7
Monetary freedom 72.1 78.2
Trade freedom 83 79.4
Investment freedom 70 60
Financial freedom 60 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Philippines
Spain
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Philippines Spain
2026 62.9 66.8
2025 60.6 66.3
2024 59 63.3
2023 59.3 65
2022 61.1 68.2
2021 64.1 69.9
2020 64.5 66.9
2019 63.8 65.7
2018 65 65.1
2017 65.6 63.6
2016 63.1 68.5
2015 62.2 67.6
2014 60.1 67.2
2013 58.2 68
2012 57.1 69.1
2011 56.2 70.2
2010 56.3 69.6
2009 56.8 70.1
2008 56 69.1
2007 56 69.2
2006 56.3 68.2
2005 54.7 67
2004 59.1 68.9
2003 61.3 68.8
2002 60.7 68.8
2001 60.9 68.1
2000 62.5 65.9
1999 61.9 65.1
1998 62.8 62.6
1997 62.2 59.6
1996 60.2 59.6
1995 55 62.8

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/philippines/spain | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for the Philippines is 62.9, ranking 85/197, compared to 66.8 for Spain, ranking 59/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Philippines Spain
Services, % of GDP
63.2%
2024
68.9%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
27.7%
2024
19.5%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
9.08%
2024
2.75%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$518B
2024
$1.64T
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$13,330
2024
$57,670
2024
Total reserves including gold
$106B
2024
$108B
2024
Total reserves ranking
27/177
2024
26/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$6.57B
2024
$28.7B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$9.44B
2024
$42.8B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$2.87B
2024
$71.5B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
3.45%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
15.5%
2023
20.2%
2022
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.7%
2024
21.2%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/philippines/spain | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1850–1992, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.