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Economy of Nigeria vs Norway compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Nigeria has a GDP of $252B compared to $484B for Norway, ranking 54/197 and 32/197 by economy size, respectively.

Nigeria has $99.2B in government debt (39.3% of GDP), compared to $207B (42.7% of GDP) in Norway.

Nigeria vs Norway GDP by year

Nigeria
Norway
1x
Year GDP, current $
Nigeria Norway
2024 $252,261,880,141 $483,592,648,313
2023 $487,387,801,881 $482,949,731,777
2022 $646,950,257,578 $596,297,651,036
2021 $609,147,716,973 $503,367,986,030
2020 $598,586,817,819 $367,633,418,887
2019 $668,219,992,691 $408,742,840,909
2018 $421,739,251,509 $439,788,625,884
2017 $375,745,731,053 $401,745,275,035
2016 $404,649,125,252 $370,956,547,619
2015 $493,026,682,801 $388,159,512,246
2014 $574,183,763,412 $501,736,471,833
2013 $520,117,180,314 $526,014,468,085
2012 $463,971,018,239 $512,777,309,841
2011 $414,466,676,831 $501,360,549,669
2010 $366,990,417,129 $431,052,143,940
2009 $295,008,835,381 $387,976,400,617
2008 $339,476,276,258 $464,917,553,191
2007 $278,260,846,800 $402,643,260,488
2006 $238,454,997,161 $346,915,160,682
2005 $175,670,569,969 $309,978,579,744
2004 $135,764,731,646 $265,268,662,473
2003 $104,738,954,264 $229,385,469,337
2002 $95,054,059,303 $195,914,852,576
2001 $73,557,840,064 $174,239,354,071
2000 $69,171,451,627 $171,457,201,936
1999 $59,145,077,039 $162,383,706,021
1998 $218,416,200,673 $154,230,295,158
1997 $200,850,397,618 $161,356,631,888
1996 $185,730,236,700 $163,520,109,151
1995 $140,919,776,986 $152,029,612,325
1994 $80,399,613,064 $127,131,319,429
1993 $56,721,051,402 $120,579,213,713
1992 $52,058,181,854 $130,838,040,068
1991 $59,526,833,412 $121,872,464,483
1990 $54,035,795,388 $119,791,843,060
1989 $44,003,061,108 $102,633,934,391
1988 $49,648,470,440 $101,900,260,856
1987 $52,676,041,931 $94,229,907,236
1986 $54,805,852,581 $78,693,118,044
1985 $73,745,821,158 $65,416,879,914
1984 $73,484,359,521 $62,057,955,033
1983 $97,094,911,792 $61,627,240,831
1982 $142,769,363,314 $62,647,195,538
1981 $164,475,209,516 $63,596,654,761
1980 $64,201,788,123 $64,439,382,896
1979 $47,259,911,894 $53,132,244,624
1978 $36,527,862,209 $46,522,900,254
1977 $36,035,407,725 $41,508,030,431
1976 $36,308,883,249 $35,942,270,686
1975 $27,778,934,625 $32,877,805,200
1974 $24,846,641,318 $27,145,693,810
1973 $15,162,871,287 $22,534,253,703
1972 $12,274,416,018 $17,358,610,850
1971 $9,181,769,912 $14,583,114,840
1970 $12,546,094,982 $12,814,123,115
1969 $6,634,317,346 $11,136,187,440
1968 $5,200,997,920 $10,227,087,165
1967 $5,203,237,919 $9,577,383,653
1966 $6,366,917,453 $8,753,940,267
1965 $5,874,537,650 $8,111,945,661
1964 $5,552,931,319 $7,206,522,122
1963 $5,165,590,254 $6,553,269,536
1962 $4,909,399,176 $6,107,076,929
1961 $4,467,287,893 $5,669,689,210
1960 $4,196,174,502 $5,197,398,721

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/nigeria/norway | CC BY

GDP per capita in Nigeria vs Norway by year

Nigeria
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Norway
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Nigeria Norway
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $1,084 $9,087 $86,785 $102,038
2023 $2,139 $8,705 $87,497 $103,638
2022 $2,899 $8,305 $109,270 $125,490
2021 $2,787 $7,588 $93,073 $88,984
2020 $2,797 $7,415 $68,340 $67,111
2019 $3,190 $7,551 $76,431 $70,940
2018 $2,058 $7,158 $82,793 $70,254
2017 $1,876 $7,037 $76,132 $64,590
2016 $2,070 $7,072 $70,867 $59,280
2015 $2,586 $7,308 $74,810 $60,738
2014 $3,089 $7,396 $97,667 $66,332
2013 $2,873 $7,004 $103,554 $67,378
2012 $2,633 $6,671 $102,176 $65,774
2011 $2,418 $6,585 $101,222 $62,460
2010 $2,202 $6,301 $88,163 $58,213
2009 $1,820 $5,927 $80,348 $55,648
2008 $2,154 $5,607 $97,504 $62,073
2007 $1,816 $5,298 $85,502 $56,179
2006 $1,600 $4,975 $74,434 $54,358
2005 $1,211 $4,678 $67,047 $47,967
2004 $962 $4,381 $57,769 $42,667
2003 $763 $4,015 $50,250 $38,680
2002 $712 $3,770 $43,171 $38,056
2001 $566 $3,309 $38,602 $37,829
2000 $547 $3,139 $38,178 $36,994
1999 $481 $3,002 $36,393 $30,574
1998 $1,822 $3,022 $34,803 $28,200
1997 $1,720 $2,990 $36,629 $28,610
1996 $1,633 $2,931 $37,322 $26,826
1995 $1,272 $2,835 $34,876 $24,360
1994 $745 $2,853 $29,316 $23,027
1993 $540 $2,921 $27,964 $21,584
1992 $509 $2,991 $30,524 $20,623
1991 $597 $2,870 $28,597 $19,580
1990 $556 $2,840 $28,243 $18,461
1989 $465 - $24,281 -
1988 $540 - $24,207 -
1987 $588 - $22,506 -
1986 $628 - $18,883 -
1985 $869 - $15,754 -
1984 $890 - $14,989 -
1983 $1,207 - $14,928 -
1982 $1,822 - $15,225 -
1981 $2,162 - $15,513 -
1980 $870 - $15,772 -
1979 $661 - $13,047 -
1978 $527 - $11,463 -
1977 $536 - $10,266 -
1976 $556 - $8,927 -
1975 $438 - $8,204 -
1974 $403 - $6,812 -
1973 $252.4 - $5,690 -
1972 $209.5 - $4,414 -
1971 $160.5 - $3,736 -
1970 $224.5 - $3,306 -
1969 $121.4 - $2,894 -
1968 $97.3 - $2,680 -
1967 $99.5 - $2,531 -
1966 $124.4 - $2,333 -
1965 $117.3 - $2,179 -
1964 $113.3 - $1,951 -
1963 $107.7 - $1,787 -
1962 $104.5 - $1,678 -
1961 $97.1 - $1,571 -
1960 $93.1 - $1,451 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/nigeria/norway | CC BY

Nigeria's GDP per capita is $1,084, ranking 174/197, compared to $86,785 in Norway, ranking 8/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Nigeria ranks 136th at $9,087, while Norway ranks 7th at $102,038.

Economic indicators

Nigeria Norway
Gross domestic product
$252B
2024
$484B
2024
GDP rank
54/197
2024
32/197
2024
GDP growth
4.06%
2023-2024
2.1%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$1,084
2024
$86,785
2024
GDP per capita rank
174/197
2024
8/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$9,087
2024
$102,038
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
136/197
2024
7/197
2024
Government debt
$99.2B
2024
$207B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
39.3%
2024
42.7%
2024
Government debt per person
$426
2024
$37,074
2024
Government debt per person rank
170/185
2024
17/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$1,104
2026
$49,765
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$54.4B
2024
$296B
2019
Number of millionaires n/a
348,000
2025
Number of billionaires
4
2025
17
2025
Income share by richest 10%
26.3%
2022
21.6%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
3%
2022
3.6%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
12.3%
2024
48.5%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
33.2%
2023-2024
3.15%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
27%
2025
4%
2025
Unemployment rate
3.45%
2024
3.98%
2024
Population
243824469
5671119

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Nigeria
Spending

Debt
Norway
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Nigeria Norway
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 12.3% 39.3% 48.5% 42.7%
2023 10.4% 36.3% 45.9% 44.1%
2022 10.6% 29.8% 37.5% 36.1%
2021 9.09% 26.6% 46.3% 41.6%
2020 8.73% 25.7% 56.7% 46%
2019 8.87% 21.4% 50.2% 40.5%
2018 9.1% 20.4% 47.7% 39.3%
2017 8.51% 18% 49.2% 38.2%
2016 6.93% 17.4% 50.4% 37.9%
2015 7.85% 14.9% 48.2% 34.3%
2014 9.49% 12.9% 45.2% 29.6%
2013 10% 13% 43.5% 31.4%
2012 10.5% 12.5% 42.4% 30.9%
2011 12.3% 12.4% 43.3% 29.6%
2010 11.8% 6.67% 44.5% 43%
2009 11% 6.12% 45.6% 42.5%
2008 10.2% 5.17% 39.8% 47.5%
2007 12.9% 5.76% 41% 49.5%
2006 8.75% 6.68% 40.5% 52.6%
2005 12.6% 13.4% 41.8% 42.3%
2004 13% 25.2% 44.7% 43.8%
2003 16.5% 29.9% 47.6% 43.1%
2002 13.8% 30.7% 46.1% 33.9%
2001 21.9% 37.7% 43.2% 27.2%
2000 17.6% 40.9% 41.3% 28.7%
1999 14.9% 46.1% 46.4% 25%
1998 11.2% 15.8% 47.8% 23.6%
1997 9.68% 17.1% 45.5% 25.8%
1996 7.87% 17.9% 47% 28.4%
1995 8.87% 24.2% 49.3% 32.7%
1994 12.1% 39.7% 49.4% 50.6%
1993 20% 50.4% 50.2% 53.7%
1992 15.9% 49.8% 51.3% 45%
1991 13.6% 53.2% 50% 39.2%
1990 14.2% 50.9% 48.9% 28.9%
1989 - - 52.2% 30.4%
1988 - - 52.6% 30.5%
1987 - - 50.5% 31.3%
1986 - - 48.1% 37.8%
1985 - - 44% 30.2%
1984 - - 44.5% 27.8%
1983 - - 46.4% 27.4%
1982 - - 46.6% 29.7%
1981 - - 46.1% 32.9%
1980 - - 46.1% 36.8%
1979 - - 47.2% 39.6%
1978 - - 47.9% 49.9%
1977 - - 46.5% 43.8%
1976 - - 45.2% 38.5%
1975 - - 43.5% 36.7%
1974 - - 42.2% 35.4%
1973 - - 42.3% 37.7%
1972 - - 42.2% 38.9%
1971 - - 40.7% 38.5%
1970 - - 38.9% 38.6%
1969 - - 38% 22.3%
1968 - - 36.2% 22.5%
1967 - - 34.9% 22.6%
1966 - - 33.5% 22.4%
1965 - - 32.9% 23%
1964 - - 32% 24.2%
1963 - - 31.9% 25.3%
1962 - - 30.6% 26.7%
1961 - - 20.4% 27.7%
1960 - - 18% 29.8%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/nigeria/norway | CC BY

In 2024, Nigeria's government spending was $31.1B, accounting for 12.3% of its GDP, while Norway spent $234B, or 48.5% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 39.3% in Nigeria and 42.7% in Norway, ranking 135/185 and 127/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Nigeria

Norway
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Nigeria Norway
2024 -1.57% 13.2%
2023 -3.12% 16.6%
2022 -4% 25.5%
2021 -3.97% 10.3%
2020 -4.03% -2.56%
2019 -3.31% 6.52%
2018 -3.06% 7.81%
2017 -3.85% 4.96%
2016 -3.3% 4.04%
2015 -2.7% 5.99%
2014 -1.72% 8.57%
2013 -1.89% 10.6%
2012 -0.09% 13.7%
2011 0.31% 13.3%
2010 -2.96% 10.9%
2009 -3.78% 10.2%
2008 4.05% 18.5%
2007 -0.79% 17%
2006 6.22% 17.9%
2005 3.49% 14.7%
2004 3.9% 10.8%
2003 -1.56% 7.2%
2002 0.95% 9.03%
2001 -2.29% 13.2%
2000 2.89% 15%
1999 -1.39% 5.71%
1998 -3.47% 3.07%
1997 1.14% 7.35%
1996 3.37% 6.01%
1995 2.52% 2.96%
1994 -2.96% 0.04%
1993 -6.07% -1.64%
1992 0.94% -2.07%
1991 -1.18% -0.12%
1990 -0.48% 1.95%
1989 - 1.81%
1988 - 2.65%
1987 - 4.56%
1986 - 5.87%
1985 - 9.84%
1984 - 6.97%
1983 - 6.03%
1982 - 3.96%
1981 - 4.82%
1980 - 5.38%
1979 - 2.16%
1978 - 0.94%
1977 - 1.01%
1976 - 2.2%
1975 - 2.88%
1974 - 4.06%
1973 - 4.99%
1972 - 3.93%
1971 - 3.71%
1970 - 2.83%
1969 - 3.57%
1968 - 3.38%
1967 - 4.19%
1966 - 3.59%
1965 - 2.78%
1964 - 3.08%
1963 - 2.6%
1962 - 4%
1961 - -0.7%
1960 - 1.42%
1959 - 1.89%
1958 - 1.7%
1957 - 1.55%
1956 - 1.22%
1955 - 0.82%
1954 - -0.54%
1953 - 1.3%
1952 - 2.15%
1951 - 1.59%
1950 - -0.89%
1949 - -0.72%
1948 - -0.35%
1947 - -4.66%
1946 - -3.82%
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 - -0.54%
1938 - 0.03%
1937 - -0.16%
1936 - -0.7%
1935 - -1.1%
1934 - -0.59%
1933 - -1.29%
1932 - -1.14%
1931 - -1.15%
1930 - -0.46%
1929 - -0.83%
1928 - -0.81%
1927 - -0.76%
1926 - -1.59%
1925 - -1.92%
1924 - -2.96%
1923 - -3.58%
1922 - -4.28%
1921 - -5.47%
1920 - -1.15%
1919 - -2.11%
1918 - -1.17%
1917 - 0.2%
1916 - -0.36%
1915 - -2.04%
1914 - -1.09%
1913 - -0.9%
1912 - -0.89%
1911 - -0.05%
1910 - 0.3%
1909 - -0.52%
1908 - -0.06%
1907 - 0.16%
1906 - -0.59%
1905 - -0.52%
1904 - -0.75%
1903 - -1.12%
1902 - -1.52%
1901 - -1.41%
1900 - -1.99%
1899 - -1.35%
1898 - -1.39%
1897 - -0.63%
1896 - -1.57%
1895 - -1.66%
1894 - -1.13%
1893 - -1.25%
1892 - -0.94%
1891 - -0.44%
1890 - -0.2%
1889 - -0.07%
1888 - -0.23%
1887 - -0.17%
1886 - -0.2%
1885 - -0.005%
1884 - -0.08%
1883 - -0.17%
1882 - -0.62%
1881 - -1.13%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1881–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/nigeria/norway | CC BY

In 2024, Nigeria's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $3.95B, equivalent to 1.57% of GDP. This compares to Norway's surplus of $64.1B, or 13.2% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, Nigeria recorded a fiscal deficit in 24 of those years, while Norway ran a deficit in 4 years. On average, Nigeria posted an annual deficit equal to 0.97% of GDP, compared to surplus of 8.75% of GDP for Norway.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Nigeria

Norway
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Nigeria Norway
2024 33.2% 3.15%
2023 24.7% 5.52%
2022 18.8% 5.76%
2021 17% 3.48%
2020 13.2% 1.29%
2019 11.4% 2.17%
2018 12.1% 2.76%
2017 16.5% 1.88%
2016 15.7% 3.55%
2015 9.01% 2.17%
2014 8.05% 2.04%
2013 8.5% 2.12%
2012 12.2% 0.7%
2011 10.8% 1.28%
2010 13.7% 2.42%
2009 12.5% 2.2%
2008 11.6% 3.75%
2007 5.39% 0.71%
2006 8.23% 2.33%
2005 17.9% 1.53%
2004 15% 0.45%
2003 14% 2.49%
2002 12.9% 1.29%
2001 18.9% 3%
2000 6.93% 3.09%
1999 6.62% 2.37%
1998 10% 2.25%
1997 8.53% 2.57%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/nigeria/norway | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Nigeria has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 13.3%, compared with 2.44% in Norway. In 2024, inflation was 33.2% in Nigeria and 3.15% in Norway.

Top exports between countries

Nigeria
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $188M
Machinery & equipment $912K
Raw agricultural goods $59K
Metals $11K
Norway
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $971M
Machinery & equipment $54.8M
Animal & marine products $34.6M
Metals $3.63M
Miscellaneous $2.35M
Chemicals & pharma $1.64M
Textiles & consumer goods $323K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $180K
Weapons & explosives $91K
Raw agricultural goods $49K

Balance of trade

Nigeria Norway
Current account balance
$17.2B
2024
$71.6B
2024
Current account balance ranking
20/190
2024
11/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+6.82%
2024
+14.8%
2024
Goods imports
$39.8B
2024
$97.5B
2024
Goods exports
$53B
2024
$162B
2024
Service imports
$17.9B
2024
$63.6B
2024
Service exports
$4.57B
2024
$55.6B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
16.9%
1960
33.9%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
9.24%
1960
47.5%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Nigeria Norway
Economic freedom 54.8 78.8
Economic freedom ranking 132/197 9/197
Property rights 29.7 99.6
Government integrity 23.5 94.3
Judicial effectiveness 34.4 96.4
Tax burden 84.6 63.3
Government spending 96.3 42
Fiscal health 83.5 96.4
Business freedom 50.3 91.2
Labor freedom 75.4 69.3
Monetary freedom 56.1 72.4
Trade freedom 64.4 85.6
Investment freedom 30 75
Financial freedom 30 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Nigeria
Norway
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Nigeria Norway
2026 54.8 78.8
2025 53.4 78.3
2024 53.1 77.5
2023 53.9 76.9
2022 54.4 76.9
2021 58.7 73.4
2020 57.2 73.4
2019 57.3 73
2018 58.5 74.3
2017 57.1 74
2016 57.5 70.8
2015 55.6 71.8
2014 54.3 70.9
2013 55.1 70.5
2012 56.3 68.8
2011 56.7 70.3
2010 56.8 69.4
2009 55.1 70.2
2008 55.1 68.6
2007 55.6 67.9
2006 48.7 67.9
2005 48.4 64.5
2004 49.2 66.2
2003 49.5 67.2
2002 50.9 67.4
2001 49.6 67.1
2000 53.1 70.1
1999 55.7 68.6
1998 52.3 68
1997 52.8 65.1
1996 47.4 65.4
1995 47.3 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/nigeria/norway | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Nigeria is 54.8, ranking 132/197, compared to 78.8 for Norway, ranking 9/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Nigeria Norway
Services, % of GDP
53.7%
2024
51.8%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
18.2%
2024
37%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
25.9%
2024
2.08%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$396B
2024
$547B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$8,850
2024
$106,830
2024
Total reserves including gold
$38.6B
2024
$81.2B
2024
Total reserves ranking
51/177
2024
32/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$672M
2024
-$7.83B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$1.08B
2024
$12B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$408M
2024
$4.95B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
5.48%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
56.2%
2023
12.2%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP n/a
24.1%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/nigeria/norway | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1881–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.