Skip to content

Economy of Norway vs Tunisia compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Norway has a GDP of $484B compared to $51.3B for Tunisia, ranking 32/197 and 93/197 by economy size, respectively.

Norway has $207B in government debt (42.7% of GDP), compared to $42.8B (83.4% of GDP) in Tunisia.

Norway vs Tunisia GDP by year

Norway
Tunisia
1x
Year GDP, current $
Norway Tunisia
2024 $483,592,648,313 $51,332,285,657
2023 $482,949,731,777 $48,205,328,303
2022 $596,297,651,036 $44,929,920,093
2021 $503,367,986,030 $47,073,234,359
2020 $367,633,418,887 $42,491,780,918
2019 $408,742,840,909 $41,905,642,419
2018 $439,788,625,884 $42,686,504,460
2017 $401,745,275,035 $42,163,530,591
2016 $370,956,547,619 $44,360,072,680
2015 $388,159,512,246 $45,779,494,042
2014 $501,736,471,833 $50,271,812,921
2013 $526,014,468,085 $48,685,446,414
2012 $512,777,309,841 $47,311,401,813
2011 $501,360,549,669 $48,123,325,825
2010 $431,052,143,940 $46,206,091,938
2009 $387,976,400,617 $43,455,740,497
2008 $464,917,553,191 $44,859,439,902
2007 $402,643,260,488 $38,915,353,867
2006 $346,915,160,682 $34,376,664,601
2005 $309,978,579,744 $32,272,186,695
2004 $265,268,662,473 $31,183,885,241
2003 $229,385,469,337 $27,453,902,261
2002 $195,914,852,576 $23,141,616,605
2001 $174,239,354,071 $22,065,832,449
2000 $171,457,201,936 $21,473,528,161
1999 $162,383,706,021 $22,943,202,175
1998 $154,230,295,158 $21,802,893,587
1997 $161,356,631,888 $20,746,210,354
1996 $163,520,109,151 $19,587,161,807
1995 $152,029,612,325 $18,030,876,599
1994 $127,131,319,429 $15,633,174,304
1993 $120,579,213,713 $14,608,335,608
1992 $130,838,040,068 $15,496,708,060
1991 $121,872,464,483 $13,074,782,609
1990 $119,791,843,060 $12,290,568,182
1989 $102,633,934,391 $10,101,851,745
1988 $101,900,260,856 $10,096,245,762
1987 $94,229,907,236 $9,696,715,911
1986 $78,693,118,044 $9,017,806,654
1985 $65,416,879,914 $8,410,226,053
1984 $62,057,955,033 $8,254,541,195
1983 $61,627,240,831 $8,350,582,748
1982 $62,647,195,538 $8,133,580,052
1981 $63,596,654,761 $8,428,445,294
1980 $64,439,382,896 $8,744,134,354
1979 $53,132,244,624 $7,188,863,904
1978 $46,522,900,254 $5,968,460,080
1977 $41,508,030,431 $5,109,324,009
1976 $35,942,270,686 $4,508,191,942
1975 $32,877,805,200 $4,328,965,588
1974 $27,145,693,810 $3,545,868,575
1973 $22,534,253,703 $2,730,813,385
1972 $17,358,610,850 $2,237,556,149
1971 $14,583,114,840 $1,685,162,272
1970 $12,814,123,115 $1,439,238,095
1969 $11,136,187,440 $1,289,904,762
1968 $10,227,087,165 $1,214,666,667
1967 $9,577,383,653 $1,085,714,286
1966 $8,753,940,267 $1,040,952,381
1965 $8,111,945,661 $991,047,619
1964 $7,206,522,122 $1,025,866,792
1963 $6,553,269,536 $1,026,737,600
1962 $6,107,076,929 $880,027,733
1961 $5,669,689,210 $866,155,429
1960 $5,197,398,721 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/norway/tunisia | CC BY

GDP per capita in Norway vs Tunisia by year

Norway
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Tunisia
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Norway Tunisia
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $86,785 $102,038 $4,181 $14,521
2023 $87,497 $103,638 $3,951 $14,041
2022 $109,270 $125,490 $3,707 $13,619
2021 $93,073 $88,984 $3,907 $12,444
2020 $68,340 $67,111 $3,549 $11,918
2019 $76,431 $70,940 $3,529 $12,495
2018 $82,793 $70,254 $3,628 $11,841
2017 $76,132 $64,590 $3,619 $11,289
2016 $70,867 $59,280 $3,848 $10,994
2015 $74,810 $60,738 $4,015 $10,783
2014 $97,667 $66,332 $4,459 $10,947
2013 $103,554 $67,378 $4,370 $10,672
2012 $102,176 $65,774 $4,297 $10,615
2011 $101,222 $62,460 $4,421 $10,436
2010 $88,163 $58,213 $4,292 $10,555
2009 $80,348 $55,648 $4,080 $10,237
2008 $97,504 $62,073 $4,255 $9,975
2007 $85,502 $56,179 $3,727 $9,479
2006 $74,434 $54,358 $3,323 $8,729
2005 $67,047 $47,967 $3,147 $8,117
2004 $57,769 $42,667 $3,067 $7,672
2003 $50,250 $38,680 $2,726 $7,098
2002 $43,171 $38,056 $2,321 $6,715
2001 $38,602 $37,829 $2,236 $6,593
2000 $38,178 $36,994 $2,199 $6,279
1999 $36,393 $30,574 $2,376 $5,930
1998 $34,803 $28,200 $2,285 $5,579
1997 $36,629 $28,610 $2,202 $5,333
1996 $37,322 $26,826 $2,107 $5,040
1995 $34,876 $24,360 $1,968 $4,686
1994 $29,316 $23,027 $1,733 $4,555
1993 $27,964 $21,584 $1,649 $4,401
1992 $30,524 $20,623 $1,785 $4,292
1991 $28,597 $19,580 $1,538 $3,975
1990 $28,243 $18,461 $1,476 $3,780
1989 $24,281 - $1,239 -
1988 $24,207 - $1,266 -
1987 $22,506 - $1,245 -
1986 $18,883 - $1,187 -
1985 $15,754 - $1,135 -
1984 $14,989 - $1,143 -
1983 $14,928 - $1,184 -
1982 $15,225 - $1,177 -
1981 $15,513 - $1,247 -
1980 $15,772 - $1,324 -
1979 $13,047 - $1,113 -
1978 $11,463 - $946 -
1977 $10,266 - $830 -
1976 $8,927 - $752 -
1975 $8,204 - $741 -
1974 $6,812 - $624 -
1973 $5,690 - $493 -
1972 $4,414 - $415 -
1971 $3,736 - $320 -
1970 $3,306 - $280.5 -
1969 $2,894 - $257.7 -
1968 $2,680 - $248.9 -
1967 $2,531 - $228 -
1966 $2,333 - $223.8 -
1965 $2,179 - $217.3 -
1964 $1,951 - $228.5 -
1963 $1,787 - $231.9 -
1962 $1,678 - $201.4 -
1961 $1,571 - $200.7 -
1960 $1,451 - - -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/norway/tunisia | CC BY

Norway's GDP per capita is $86,785, ranking 8/197, compared to $4,181 in Tunisia, ranking 129/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Norway ranks 7th at $102,038, while Tunisia ranks 114th at $14,521.

Economic indicators

Norway Tunisia
Gross domestic product
$484B
2024
$51.3B
2024
GDP rank
32/197
2024
93/197
2024
GDP growth
2.1%
2023-2024
1.61%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$86,785
2024
$4,181
2024
GDP per capita rank
8/197
2024
129/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$102,038
2024
$14,521
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
7/197
2024
114/197
2024
Government debt
$207B
2024
$42.8B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
42.7%
2024
83.4%
2024
Government debt per person
$37,074
2024
$3,487
2024
Government debt per person rank
17/185
2024
94/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$49,765
2026
$3,951
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$296B
2019
$8.3B
2024
Number of millionaires
348,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
17
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
21.6%
2023
27%
2021
Income share by poorest 10%
3.6%
2023
3.1%
2021
Government expenditure, % of GDP
48.5%
2024
33.8%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
3.15%
2023-2024
7%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
4%
2025
7.5%
2025
Unemployment rate
3.98%
2024
15.1%
2023
Population
5671119
12437803

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Norway
Spending

Debt
Tunisia
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Norway Tunisia
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 48.5% 42.7% 33.8% 83.4%
2023 45.9% 44.1% 35.7% 84%
2022 37.5% 36.1% 36.5% 83%
2021 46.3% 41.6% 33.2% 79.7%
2020 56.7% 46% 34.5% 77.7%
2019 50.2% 40.5% 29.5% 67.3%
2018 47.7% 39.3% 28.7% 72.9%
2017 49.2% 38.2% 28.7% 67.1%
2016 50.4% 37.9% 27.2% 58.9%
2015 48.2% 34.3% 27.4% 52.4%
2014 45.2% 29.6% 27.7% 50.7%
2013 43.5% 31.4% 30.8% 45.6%
2012 42.4% 30.9% 28.3% 49%
2011 43.3% 29.6% 27.9% 43.3%
2010 44.5% 43% 24% 38.8%
2009 45.6% 42.5% 24.6% 40.3%
2008 39.8% 47.5% 23.7% 41.4%
2007 41% 49.5% 23.3% 42.7%
2006 40.5% 52.6% 22.9% 45.7%
2005 41.8% 42.3% 23% 50%
2004 44.7% 43.8% 23% 51.6%
2003 47.6% 43.1% 23.5% 52.6%
2002 46.1% 33.9% 24.1% 51.6%
2001 43.2% 27.2% 24% 52.2%
2000 41.3% 28.7% 24% 62.9%
1999 46.4% 25% 24% 61.9%
1998 47.8% 23.6% 24.2% 58.2%
1997 45.5% 25.8% 24.5% 66.6%
1996 47% 28.4% 26.7% 66.8%
1995 49.3% 32.7% 26.6% 65.6%
1994 49.4% 50.6% 25.9% 63.9%
1993 50.2% 53.7% 26.7% 63.8%
1992 51.3% 45% 25.7% 62.1%
1991 50% 39.2% 27.6% 63.3%
1990 48.9% 28.9% - -
1989 52.2% 30.4% - -
1988 52.6% 30.5% - -
1987 50.5% 31.3% - -
1986 48.1% 37.8% - -
1985 44% 30.2% - -
1984 44.5% 27.8% - -
1983 46.4% 27.4% - -
1982 46.6% 29.7% - -
1981 46.1% 32.9% - -
1980 46.1% 36.8% - -
1979 47.2% 39.6% - -
1978 47.9% 49.9% - -
1977 46.5% 43.8% - -
1976 45.2% 38.5% - -
1975 43.5% 36.7% - -
1974 42.2% 35.4% - -
1973 42.3% 37.7% - -
1972 42.2% 38.9% - -
1971 40.7% 38.5% - -
1970 38.9% 38.6% - -
1969 38% 22.3% - -
1968 36.2% 22.5% - -
1967 34.9% 22.6% - -
1966 33.5% 22.4% - -
1965 32.9% 23% - -
1964 32% 24.2% - -
1963 31.9% 25.3% - -
1962 30.6% 26.7% - -
1961 20.4% 27.7% - -
1960 18% 29.8% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/norway/tunisia | CC BY

In 2024, Norway's government spending was $234B, accounting for 48.5% of its GDP, while Tunisia spent $17.4B, or 33.8% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 42.7% in Norway and 83.4% in Tunisia, ranking 127/185 and 40/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Norway

Tunisia
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Norway Tunisia
2024 13.2% -5.92%
2023 16.6% -7.03%
2022 25.5% -6.91%
2021 10.3% -7.6%
2020 -2.56% -9.06%
2019 6.52% -3.6%
2018 7.81% -4.27%
2017 4.96% -5.61%
2016 4.04% -5.87%
2015 5.99% -4.95%
2014 8.57% -3.11%
2013 10.6% -7.05%
2012 13.7% -4.9%
2011 13.3% -3.19%
2010 10.9% -0.46%
2009 10.2% -2.59%
2008 18.5% -0.62%
2007 17% -2.47%
2006 17.9% -2.33%
2005 14.7% -2.59%
2004 10.8% -2.1%
2003 7.2% -2.64%
2002 9.03% -2.55%
2001 13.2% -2.87%
2000 15% -3.22%
1999 5.71% -3.05%
1998 3.07% -2.84%
1997 7.35% -3.7%
1996 6.01% -5.18%
1995 2.96% -4.53%
1994 0.04% -2.87%
1993 -1.64% -3.22%
1992 -2.07% -3.45%
1991 -0.12% -5.25%
1990 1.95% -
1989 1.81% -
1988 2.65% -
1987 4.56% -
1986 5.87% -
1985 9.84% -
1984 6.97% -
1983 6.03% -
1982 3.96% -
1981 4.82% -
1980 5.38% -
1979 2.16% -
1978 0.94% -
1977 1.01% -
1976 2.2% -
1975 2.88% -
1974 4.06% -
1973 4.99% -
1972 3.93% -
1971 3.71% -
1970 2.83% -
1969 3.57% -
1968 3.38% -
1967 4.19% -
1966 3.59% -
1965 2.78% -
1964 3.08% -
1963 2.6% -
1962 4% -
1961 -0.7% -
1960 1.42% -
1959 1.89% -
1958 1.7% -
1957 1.55% -
1956 1.22% -
1955 0.82% -
1954 -0.54% -
1953 1.3% -
1952 2.15% -
1951 1.59% -
1950 -0.89% -
1949 -0.72% -
1948 -0.35% -
1947 -4.66% -
1946 -3.82% -
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 -0.54% -
1938 0.03% -
1937 -0.16% -
1936 -0.7% -
1935 -1.1% -
1934 -0.59% -
1933 -1.29% -
1932 -1.14% -
1931 -1.15% -
1930 -0.46% -
1929 -0.83% -
1928 -0.81% -
1927 -0.76% -
1926 -1.59% -
1925 -1.92% -
1924 -2.96% -
1923 -3.58% -
1922 -4.28% -
1921 -5.47% -
1920 -1.15% -
1919 -2.11% -
1918 -1.17% -
1917 0.2% -
1916 -0.36% -
1915 -2.04% -
1914 -1.09% -
1913 -0.9% -
1912 -0.89% -
1911 -0.05% -
1910 0.3% -
1909 -0.52% -
1908 -0.06% -
1907 0.16% -
1906 -0.59% -
1905 -0.52% -
1904 -0.75% -
1903 -1.12% -
1902 -1.52% -
1901 -1.41% -
1900 -1.99% -
1899 -1.35% -
1898 -1.39% -
1897 -0.63% -
1896 -1.57% -
1895 -1.66% -
1894 -1.13% -
1893 -1.25% -
1892 -0.94% -
1891 -0.44% -
1890 -0.2% -
1889 -0.07% -
1888 -0.23% -
1887 -0.17% -
1886 -0.2% -
1885 -0.005% -
1884 -0.08% -
1883 -0.17% -
1882 -0.62% -
1881 -1.13% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1881–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/norway/tunisia | CC BY

In 2024, Norway's government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $64.1B, equivalent to 13.2% of GDP. This compares to Tunisia's deficit of $3.04B, or 5.92% of GDP.

Over the past 34 years, Norway recorded a fiscal deficit in 4 of those years, while Tunisia ran a deficit in 34 years. On average, Norway posted an annual surplus equal to 8.95% of GDP, compared to deficit of 4.05% of GDP for Tunisia.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Norway

Tunisia
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Norway Tunisia
2024 3.15% 7%
2023 5.52% 9.3%
2022 5.76% 8.3%
2021 3.48% 5.7%
2020 1.29% 5.6%
2019 2.17% 6.7%
2018 2.76% 7.3%
2017 1.88% 5.3%
2016 3.55% 3.6%
2015 2.17% 4.4%
2014 2.04% 4.6%
2013 2.12% 5.3%
2012 0.7% 4.6%
2011 1.28% 3.2%
2010 2.42% 4.4%
2009 2.2% 3.5%
2008 3.75% 4.9%
2007 0.71% 3.4%
2006 2.33% 4.1%
2005 1.53% 2%
2004 0.45% 3.7%
2003 2.49% 2.7%
2002 1.29% 2.7%
2001 3% 1.9%
2000 3.09% 2.8%
1999 2.37% 2.8%
1998 2.25% 3.1%
1997 2.57% 3.6%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/norway/tunisia | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Norway has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.44%, compared with 4.52% in Tunisia. In 2024, inflation was 3.15% in Norway and 7% in Tunisia.

Top exports between countries

Norway
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $2.94M
Animal & marine products $2.64M
Wood & paper products $2.22M
Miscellaneous $1.32M
Weapons & explosives $326K
Raw materials & minerals $143K
Chemicals & pharma $124K
Metals $98K
Textiles & consumer goods $59K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $5K
Tunisia
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $28.5M
Machinery & equipment $3.72M
Textiles & consumer goods $627K
Raw agricultural goods $278K
Metals $275K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $148K
Wood & paper products $6K

Balance of trade

Norway Tunisia
Current account balance
$71.6B
2024
-$775M
2024
Current account balance ranking
11/190
2024
117/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+14.8%
2024
-1.51%
2024
Goods imports
$97.5B
2024
$18.7B
2024
Goods exports
$162B
2024
$8.95B
2024
Service imports
$63.6B
2024
$3.92B
2024
Service exports
$55.6B
2024
$11.2B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
33.9%
2024
56.3%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
47.5%
2024
50%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Norway Tunisia
Economic freedom 78.8 48.1
Economic freedom ranking 9/197 172/197
Property rights 99.6 55.7
Government integrity 94.3 42.1
Judicial effectiveness 96.4 39.7
Tax burden 63.3 68.5
Government spending 42 62.5
Fiscal health 96.4 16
Business freedom 91.2 59.4
Labor freedom 69.3 55.8
Monetary freedom 72.4 72.4
Trade freedom 85.6 54.6
Investment freedom 75 20
Financial freedom 60 30

Economic freedom comparison by year

Norway
Tunisia
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Norway Tunisia
2026 78.8 48.1
2025 78.3 49.1
2024 77.5 48.8
2023 76.9 52.9
2022 76.9 54.2
2021 73.4 56.6
2020 73.4 55.8
2019 73 55.4
2018 74.3 58.9
2017 74 55.7
2016 70.8 57.6
2015 71.8 57.7
2014 70.9 57.3
2013 70.5 57
2012 68.8 58.6
2011 70.3 58.5
2010 69.4 58.9
2009 70.2 58
2008 68.6 60.1
2007 67.9 60.3
2006 67.9 57.5
2005 64.5 55.4
2004 66.2 58.4
2003 67.2 58.1
2002 67.4 60.2
2001 67.1 60.8
2000 70.1 61.3
1999 68.6 61.1
1998 68 63.9
1997 65.1 63.8
1996 65.4 63.9
1995 - 63.4

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/norway/tunisia | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Norway is 78.8, ranking 9/197, compared to 48.1 for Tunisia, ranking 172/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Norway Tunisia
Services, % of GDP
51.8%
2024
62.6%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
37%
2024
22.6%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
2.08%
2024
9.74%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$547B
2024
$47.7B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$106,830
2024
$14,230
2024
Total reserves including gold
$81.2B
2024
$9.34B
2024
Total reserves ranking
32/177
2024
80/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$7.83B
2024
-$725M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$12B
2024
$760M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$4.95B
2024
$34.6M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
10.9%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
12.2%
2021
16.6%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
24.1%
2024
7.86%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/norway/tunisia | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Help us show the world through your eyes

Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.

Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1881–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2022–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.