Botswana ranked 133/197 by economy size with a GDP of $19.4B and 97/197 by GDP per capita at $7,696. Botswana has $5.82B in government debt, with a debt-to-GDP ratio of 30%.
In 2024, Botswana made up 0.02% of the world's economy, compared to 0.002% in 1960.
Botswana GDP & GDP growth by year
| Year | GDP | GDP growth |
|---|---|---|
| 2024 | $19,402,063,513 | -2.99% |
| 2023 | $19,411,266,967 | 3.21% |
| 2022 | $20,321,150,599 | 5.49% |
| 2021 | $18,750,182,236 | 11.9% |
| 2020 | $14,960,251,608 | -8.73% |
| 2019 | $16,725,908,149 | 3.03% |
| 2018 | $17,031,943,186 | 4.19% |
| 2017 | $16,105,155,857 | 4.11% |
| 2016 | $15,082,637,184 | 7.2% |
| 2015 | $13,530,748,845 | -4.85% |
| 2014 | $15,470,088,501 | 5.7% |
| 2013 | $14,271,738,933 | 11.1% |
| 2012 | $13,907,464,500 | -0.17% |
| 2011 | $15,110,643,612 | 6.84% |
| 2010 | $12,637,273,429 | 10.1% |
| 2009 | $10,118,459,242 | -14.1% |
| 2008 | $10,730,829,116 | 3.25% |
| 2007 | $10,567,270,656 | 5.79% |
| 2006 | $9,919,158,482 | 8.36% |
| 2005 | $9,918,907,108 | 4.56% |
| 2004 | $8,957,467,707 | 2.71% |
| 2003 | $7,511,582,173 | 4.63% |
| 2002 | $5,438,863,983 | 6.07% |
| 2001 | $5,489,608,300 | 0.25% |
| 2000 | $5,788,329,609 | 1.99% |
| 1999 | $5,484,263,347 | 9.67% |
| 1998 | $4,790,481,509 | 0.44% |
| 1997 | $5,020,265,627 | 8.33% |
| 1996 | $4,847,757,218 | 5.83% |
| 1995 | $4,730,599,122 | 7.03% |
| 1994 | $4,259,259,604 | 3.63% |
| 1993 | $4,160,129,175 | 1.92% |
| 1992 | $4,146,464,587 | 2.92% |
| 1991 | $3,942,876,703 | 7.46% |
| 1990 | $3,790,636,324 | 6.77% |
| 1989 | $3,083,822,112 | 13.1% |
| 1988 | $2,644,554,159 | 19.4% |
| 1987 | $1,965,226,890 | 11.9% |
| 1986 | $1,392,602,164 | 8.17% |
| 1985 | $1,114,783,343 | 7.13% |
| 1984 | $1,240,822,167 | 8.55% |
| 1983 | $1,172,230,397 | 13.1% |
| 1982 | $1,014,945,696 | 12.2% |
| 1981 | $1,073,812,830 | 9.06% |
| 1980 | $1,060,889,704 | 12% |
| 1979 | $819,870,259 | 12.1% |
| 1978 | $590,407,374 | 14.3% |
| 1977 | $451,624,780 | 12% |
| 1976 | $372,025,093 | 10.6% |
| 1975 | $355,168,572 | 8.45% |
| 1974 | $306,044,208 | 8.8% |
| 1973 | $244,124,164 | 21.3% |
| 1972 | $164,460,915 | 26.4% |
| 1971 | $127,448,614 | 25.8% |
| 1970 | $96,243,234 | 17.1% |
| 1969 | $77,361,547 | 15.1% |
| 1968 | $66,248,441 | 10.6% |
| 1967 | $58,642,354 | 5.92% |
| 1966 | $51,465,655 | 6.34% |
| 1965 | $45,788,696 | 5.81% |
| 1964 | $41,616,348 | 6.83% |
| 1963 | $38,091,843 | 5.92% |
| 1962 | $35,644,957 | 6.67% |
| 1961 | $32,902,613 | 6.34% |
| 1960 | $30,411,414 | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/economy/botswana | CC BY 
Botswana GDP per capita by year
| Year | Current $ | |
|---|---|---|
| GDP per capita | GDP per capita, PPP | |
| 2024 | $7,696 | $20,538 |
| 2023 | $7,826 | $21,012 |
| 2022 | $8,329 | $19,977 |
| 2021 | $7,808 | $17,961 |
| 2020 | $6,323 | $15,292 |
| 2019 | $7,172 | $15,960 |
| 2018 | $7,408 | $15,786 |
| 2017 | $7,105 | $15,701 |
| 2016 | $6,749 | $16,228 |
| 2015 | $6,141 | $14,144 |
| 2014 | $7,122 | $15,003 |
| 2013 | $6,667 | $13,621 |
| 2012 | $6,596 | $12,737 |
| 2011 | $7,287 | $13,635 |
| 2010 | $6,216 | $12,753 |
| 2009 | $5,083 | $11,686 |
| 2008 | $5,503 | $13,810 |
| 2007 | $5,529 | $13,389 |
| 2006 | $5,292 | $12,563 |
| 2005 | $5,391 | $11,458 |
| 2004 | $4,957 | $10,818 |
| 2003 | $4,230 | $10,439 |
| 2002 | $3,117 | $9,958 |
| 2001 | $3,206 | $9,420 |
| 2000 | $3,451 | $9,380 |
| 1999 | $3,340 | $9,188 |
| 1998 | $2,981 | $8,441 |
| 1997 | $3,194 | $8,497 |
| 1996 | $3,156 | $7,890 |
| 1995 | $3,156 | $7,503 |
| 1994 | $2,917 | $7,049 |
| 1993 | $2,929 | $6,847 |
| 1992 | $3,005 | $6,753 |
| 1991 | $2,939 | $6,598 |
| 1990 | $2,903 | $6,104 |
| 1989 | $2,428 | - |
| 1988 | $2,141 | - |
| 1987 | $1,639 | - |
| 1986 | $1,200 | - |
| 1985 | $994 | - |
| 1984 | $1,145 | - |
| 1983 | $1,121 | - |
| 1982 | $1,006 | - |
| 1981 | $1,107 | - |
| 1980 | $1,132 | - |
| 1979 | $909 | - |
| 1978 | $695 | - |
| 1977 | $565 | - |
| 1976 | $490 | - |
| 1975 | $493 | - |
| 1974 | $446 | - |
| 1973 | $374 | - |
| 1972 | $264.2 | - |
| 1971 | $212.2 | - |
| 1970 | $163 | - |
| 1969 | $131.8 | - |
| 1968 | $113.4 | - |
| 1967 | $100.9 | - |
| 1966 | $89.1 | - |
| 1965 | $79.7 | - |
| 1964 | $73.5 | - |
| 1963 | $68.9 | - |
| 1962 | $66 | - |
| 1961 | $62.3 | - |
| 1960 | $58.9 | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/economy/botswana | CC BY
Botswana has a GDP per capita of $7,696, ranking 97/197, a GDP per capita based on purchasing power parity (PPP) of $20,538, ranking 95/197, and a median annual after tax income of $5,271, ranking 113/197.
Botswana GDP rankings by year
| Year | Rank | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| GDP | GDP per capita | GDP per capita, PPP | |
| 2024 | 129 | 91 | 88 |
| 2023 | 126 | 91 | 86 |
| 2022 | 117 | 85 | 85 |
| 2021 | 120 | 85 | 84 |
| 2020 | 125 | 90 | 86 |
| 2019 | 122 | 88 | 90 |
| 2018 | 120 | 88 | 83 |
| 2017 | 121 | 86 | 83 |
| 2016 | 120 | 86 | 80 |
| 2015 | 126 | 91 | 87 |
| 2014 | 125 | 91 | 83 |
| 2013 | 127 | 94 | 88 |
| 2012 | 126 | 90 | 88 |
| 2011 | 123 | 85 | 84 |
| 2010 | 124 | 88 | 86 |
| 2009 | 127 | 92 | 90 |
| 2008 | 126 | 91 | 76 |
| 2007 | 119 | 87 | 74 |
| 2006 | 116 | 80 | 74 |
| 2005 | 108 | 70 | 73 |
| 2004 | 106 | 69 | 71 |
| 2003 | 109 | 72 | 69 |
| 2002 | 116 | 76 | 67 |
| 2001 | 115 | 76 | 69 |
| 2000 | 111 | 76 | 65 |
| 1999 | 111 | 75 | 64 |
| 1998 | 114 | 77 | 66 |
| 1997 | 112 | 77 | 62 |
| 1996 | 112 | 73 | 63 |
| 1995 | 110 | 72 | 64 |
| 1994 | 105 | 69 | 63 |
| 1993 | 106 | 68 | 63 |
| 1992 | 105 | 66 | 67 |
| 1991 | 108 | 62 | 70 |
| 1990 | 110 | 62 | 73 |
| 1989 | 104 | 64 | - |
| 1988 | 108 | 69 | - |
| 1987 | 114 | 76 | - |
| 1986 | 117 | 81 | - |
| 1985 | 116 | 88 | - |
| 1984 | 112 | 84 | - |
| 1983 | 111 | 88 | - |
| 1982 | 119 | 92 | - |
| 1981 | 119 | 87 | - |
| 1980 | 116 | 86 | - |
| 1979 | 113 | 84 | - |
| 1978 | 118 | 87 | - |
| 1977 | 120 | 93 | - |
| 1976 | 121 | 98 | - |
| 1975 | 121 | 93 | - |
| 1974 | 118 | 93 | - |
| 1973 | 119 | 96 | - |
| 1972 | 120 | 99 | - |
| 1971 | 121 | 105 | - |
| 1970 | 121 | 116 | - |
| 1969 | 113 | 101 | - |
| 1968 | 114 | 103 | - |
| 1967 | 114 | 104 | - |
| 1966 | 112 | 108 | - |
| 1965 | 112 | 110 | - |
| 1964 | 109 | 107 | - |
| 1963 | 109 | 108 | - |
| 1962 | 109 | 108 | - |
| 1961 | 107 | 106 | - |
| 1960 | 105 | 104 | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/economy/botswana | CC BY
Compared with 2000, in 2024 Botswana is ranked 129th out of 182 by GDP (down from 111th), 91st by GDP per capita (down from 76th), and 88th by GDP per capita PPP (down from 65th).
Economic indicators
Botswana
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Gross domestic product |
$19.4B
2024 |
133/197 |
| GDP growth |
-2.99%
2023-2024 |
189/194 |
| GDP per capita |
$7,696
2024 |
97/197 |
| GDP per capita, PPP |
$20,538
2024 |
95/197 |
| Government debt |
$5.82B
2024 |
142/185 |
| Debt-to-GDP ratio |
30%
2024 |
158/185 |
| Government debt per person |
$2,310
2024 |
114/185 |
| Average annual personal income after taxes |
$5,271
2026 |
113/197 |
| Listed domestic companies |
23
2023 |
87/103 |
| Market capitalization of domestic companies |
$3.59B
2023 |
85/100 |
| Income share by richest 10% |
42.9%
2015 |
3/169 |
| Income share by poorest 10% |
1.4%
2015 |
159/169 |
| Government expenditure, % of GDP |
33.8%
2024 |
73/195 |
| Consumer prices inflation |
2.82%
2023-2024 |
113/195 |
| Central bank interest rate |
1.9%
2024 |
96/106 |
| Unemployment rate |
24.4%
2024 |
8/196 |
| Population |
2615162
|
142/197 |
Government spending, deficit, and debt by year
| Year | % of GDP | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Government spending | Government debt | Government deficit/surplus | |
| 2024 | 33.8% | 30% | -7.82% |
| 2023 | 32.4% | 22.5% | -4.25% |
| 2022 | 29.5% | 21.3% | -0.006% |
| 2021 | 33% | 23.4% | -2.46% |
| 2020 | 38.5% | 24.8% | -11.5% |
| 2019 | 36.4% | 21.3% | -8.43% |
| 2018 | 35.9% | 19.8% | -5.07% |
| 2017 | 35% | 19.8% | -1.16% |
| 2016 | 34.2% | 22.4% | 0.72% |
| 2015 | 39.7% | 25.7% | -5.06% |
| 2014 | 36.4% | 23.9% | 3.88% |
| 2013 | 34.8% | 24.7% | 6.07% |
| 2012 | 38.3% | 27.3% | 0.92% |
| 2011 | 37.4% | 28.1% | -0.12% |
| 2010 | 44.7% | 27.9% | -8.36% |
| 2009 | 54.5% | 23.5% | -14.4% |
| 2008 | 48% | 7.77% | -7.59% |
| 2007 | 38.3% | 6.12% | 5.92% |
| 2006 | 34.1% | 6.32% | 13.7% |
| 2005 | 35% | 7.74% | 10.7% |
| 2004 | 42% | 11.3% | 1.42% |
| 2003 | 44% | 7.29% | -0.18% |
| 2002 | 46% | 8.55% | -4.02% |
| 2001 | 42.9% | 7.61% | -2.96% |
| 2000 | 39.8% | 8.37% | 8.95% |
| 1999 | 41.7% | 9.68% | 6.18% |
| 1998 | 44.3% | 12% | - |
| 1997 | 40% | - | - |
| 1996 | 37.2% | - | - |
| 1995 | 38.1% | - | - |
| 1994 | 39.2% | - | - |
| 1993 | 44.2% | - | - |
| 1992 | 43.4% | - | - |
| 1991 | 42.3% | - | - |
| 1990 | 40.5% | - | - |
Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).
GeoRank.org/economy/botswana | CC BY
This chart shows Botswana's government spending, budget balance, and debt over time, each expressed as a share of GDP.
Over the past 26 years, Botswana recorded a fiscal deficit in 16 of them, with an average annual deficit equal to 0.96% of GDP. In 2024, government spending reached $6.55B (33.8% of GDP), with a deficit of 7.82%.
The national debt reached $5.82B, ranking 142nd out of 185 countries by total size, with a debt-to-GDP ratio of 30%, ranking 158th.
Inflation rate by year
| Year | Inflation |
|---|---|
| 2024 | 2.82% |
| 2023 | 5.07% |
| 2022 | 11.7% |
| 2021 | 7.24% |
| 2020 | 1.89% |
| 2019 | 2.77% |
| 2018 | 3.24% |
| 2017 | 3.31% |
| 2016 | 2.81% |
| 2015 | 3.06% |
| 2014 | 4.4% |
| 2013 | 5.88% |
| 2012 | 7.54% |
| 2011 | 8.46% |
| 2010 | 6.95% |
| 2009 | 8.03% |
| 2008 | 12.7% |
| 2007 | 7.08% |
| 2006 | 11.6% |
| 2005 | 8.61% |
| 2004 | 6.95% |
| 2003 | 9.19% |
| 2002 | 8.03% |
| 2001 | 6.56% |
| 2000 | 8.6% |
| 1999 | 7.75% |
| 1998 | 6.66% |
| 1997 | 8.72% |
| 1996 | 10.1% |
| 1995 | 10.5% |
| 1994 | 10.5% |
| 1993 | 14.3% |
| 1992 | 16.2% |
| 1991 | 11.8% |
| 1990 | 11.4% |
| 1989 | 11.6% |
| 1988 | 8.35% |
| 1987 | 9.8% |
| 1986 | 10% |
| 1985 | 8.09% |
| 1984 | 8.58% |
| 1983 | 10.5% |
| 1982 | 11.1% |
| 1981 | 16.4% |
| 1980 | 13.6% |
| 1979 | 11.7% |
| 1978 | 9.04% |
| 1977 | 13.2% |
| 1976 | 11.7% |
| 1975 | 12% |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1975–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/economy/botswana | CC BY
Over the past 20 years, Botswana has had an average annual inflation rate of 6.25%. In 2024, inflation was 2.82%. The bar chart above shows consumer price inflation by year.
Balance of trade
|
Botswana
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
|
Current account balance
|
-$821M
2024 |
118/190 |
| Current account balance, % of GDP |
-4.23%
2024 |
132/190 |
| Goods imports |
$6.86B
2024 |
124/189 |
| Goods exports |
$4.66B
2024 |
122/189 |
| Service imports |
$1.29B
2024 |
138/189 |
| Service exports |
$935M
2024 |
136/189 |
| Imports of goods and services, % of GDP |
43.7%
2024 |
89/181 |
| Exports of goods and services, % of GDP |
27.4%
2024 |
124/193 |
Botswana top 10 trading partners
Botswana's biggest trading partner accounting for 44.4% of all exports and imports is South Africa, with a trade balance between the two of -$3.66B: Botswana exports $599M worth of goods and services to South Africa and imports $4.26B.
Below is the list of the top 10 trade partners of Botswana.
| Rank | Country | Trade value | Share of total trade | Export to | Import from | Top export to | Top import from |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
South Africa
|
$4.86B | 44.4% | $599M | $4.26B | Machinery & equipment | Machinery & equipment |
| 2 |
Namibia
|
$1.12B | 10.3% | $130M | $992M | Precious metals & jewellery | Precious metals & jewellery |
| 3 |
UAE
|
$1.1B | 10.1% | $1.05B | $47.2M | Precious metals & jewellery | Precious metals & jewellery |
| 4 |
India
|
$709M | 6.48% | $531M | $178M | Precious metals & jewellery | Precious metals & jewellery |
| 5 |
China
|
$654M | 5.98% | $342M | $312M | Raw materials & minerals | Machinery & equipment |
| 6 |
Belgium
|
$447M | 4.09% | $417M | $30.2M | Precious metals & jewellery | Precious metals & jewellery |
| 7 |
Australia
|
$384M | 3.51% | $356M | $28.2M | Raw materials & minerals | Machinery & equipment |
| 8 |
Canada
|
$215M | 1.96% | $575K | $214M | Precious metals & jewellery | Precious metals & jewellery |
| 9 |
Mozambique
|
$156M | 1.43% | $3.49M | $153M | Processed food, beverages & tobacco | Raw materials & minerals |
| 10 |
Zimbabwe
|
$143M | 1.31% | $89.9M | $53M | Textiles & consumer goods | Raw materials & minerals |
Top 10 exports
|
Botswana
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Precious metals & jewellery | $2.51B | 42/190 |
| Raw materials & minerals | $880M | 109/193 |
| Transport & tourism services | $450M | 138/188 |
| Machinery & equipment | $257M | 108/193 |
| Business & finance services | $105M | 126/188 |
| Animal & marine products | $78M | 112/192 |
| Chemicals & pharma | $64.6M | 121/193 |
| Textiles & consumer goods | $55.9M | 128/193 |
| Metals | $46.6M | 133/192 |
| IT & IP services | $24.3M | 139/183 |
Top 10 imports
|
Botswana
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Machinery & equipment | $1.69B | 129/193 |
| Raw materials & minerals | $1.48B | 128/193 |
| Precious metals & jewellery | $1.3B | 37/193 |
| Processed food, beverages & tobacco | $684M | 122/193 |
| Chemicals & pharma | $612M | 125/193 |
| Transport & tourism services | $498M | 146/188 |
| Textiles & consumer goods | $371M | 131/193 |
| Metals | $350M | 133/193 |
| Raw agricultural goods | $321M | 125/193 |
| Business & finance services | $216M | 137/188 |
Economic freedom indices
|
Botswana
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Economic freedom | 67.7 | 53/197 |
| Property rights | 71.7 | 48/182 |
| Government integrity | 59.6 | 50/182 |
| Judicial effectiveness | 70.2 | 48/182 |
| Tax burden | 87.1 | 48/182 |
| Government spending | 69.8 | 103/180 |
| Fiscal health | 72.4 | 97/181 |
| Business freedom | 61.5 | 103/182 |
| Labor freedom | 60.7 | 45/182 |
| Monetary freedom | 72 | 117/180 |
| Trade freedom | 77 | 64/181 |
| Investment freedom | 50 | 103/181 |
| Financial freedom | 60 | 39/181 |
Economic freedom by year
| Year | Index | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Economic freedom | Judicial effectiveness | Tax burden | Government spending | Fiscal health | |
| 2026 | 67.7 | 70.2 | 87.1 | 69.8 | 72.4 |
| 2025 | 69.9 | 70.5 | 84.9 | 70.8 | 90.4 |
| 2024 | 68 | 69.3 | 86.7 | 68.7 | 68.4 |
| 2023 | 64.9 | 58.6 | 87.3 | 61.1 | 19.2 |
| 2022 | 64.8 | 70.1 | 87.4 | 59.8 | 19.2 |
| 2021 | 67.6 | 50.8 | 87.4 | 68.2 | 74.8 |
| 2020 | 69.6 | 45.2 | 87 | 69.1 | 97.5 |
| 2019 | 69.5 | 45.7 | 82.7 | 65.9 | 94.6 |
| 2018 | 69.9 | 54.7 | 76.1 | 63.4 | 98.2 |
| 2017 | 70.1 | 54 | 77.1 | 61.2 | 99.4 |
| 2016 | 71.1 | - | 79.1 | 68.4 | - |
| 2015 | 69.8 | - | 79.5 | 61.9 | - |
| 2014 | 72 | - | 81 | 69.8 | - |
| 2013 | 70.6 | - | 79.5 | 65.1 | - |
| 2012 | 69.6 | - | 78.3 | 53.7 | - |
| 2011 | 68.8 | - | 78.4 | 51.5 | - |
| 2010 | 70.3 | - | 74.1 | 67.1 | - |
| 2009 | 69.7 | - | 75.1 | 70.6 | - |
| 2008 | 68.2 | - | 76.4 | 61.8 | - |
| 2007 | 68.1 | - | 73.9 | 56.2 | - |
| 2006 | 68.8 | - | 73.9 | 50.5 | - |
| 2005 | 69.3 | - | 75.6 | 45 | - |
| 2004 | 69.9 | - | 75.9 | 54.6 | - |
| 2003 | 68.6 | - | 69.4 | 46.8 | - |
| 2002 | 66.2 | - | 73.1 | 44.5 | - |
| 2001 | 66.8 | - | 80.4 | 61.1 | - |
| 2000 | 65.8 | - | 77.8 | 54.4 | - |
| 1999 | 62.9 | - | 80.3 | 59.4 | - |
| 1998 | 62.8 | - | 76.6 | 63 | - |
| 1997 | 59.1 | - | 75.9 | 46.6 | - |
| 1996 | 61.6 | - | 63.5 | 46.6 | - |
| 1995 | 56.8 | - | 53.7 | 55.1 | - |
Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).
GeoRank.org/economy/botswana | CC BY
Botswana is ranked 47/174 for economic freedom with a score of 67.7, compared to 31/162 and a score of 68.8 in 2006.
Other economic metrics
|
Botswana
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Services, % of GDP |
63.5%
2024 |
56/191 |
| Industry, % of GDP |
29.4%
2024 |
59/194 |
| Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP |
1.71%
2024 |
155/193 |
|
GNI, Atlas method
|
$19.5B
2024 |
125/194 |
| GNI per capita, PPP |
$20,570
2024 |
90/191 |
| Total reserves including gold |
$3.46B
2024 |
113/177 |
|
Net foreign direct investment
|
-$464M
2024 |
99/189 |
|
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
|
$467M
2024 |
117/193 |
|
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
|
$3.02M
2024 |
126/193 |
|
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
|
1.42%
2024 |
104/121 |
| Poverty at national poverty lines |
16.1%
2015 |
122/176 |
|
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
|
36%
2024 |
12/178 |
Compare Botswana vs other countries
GDP per capita map
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/botswana | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
- International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- TradeMap (2022–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.
Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.
A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).
Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.
Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.
Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.
Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.