The Seychelles ranked 177/197 by economy size with a GDP of $2.39B and 64/197 by GDP per capita at $19,449. The Seychelles has $1.23B in government debt, with a debt-to-GDP ratio of 51.5%.
In 2025, the Seychelles made up 0.002% of the world's economy, compared to 0.0009% in 1960.
Seychelles GDP & GDP growth by year
| Year | GDP | GDP growth |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | $2,387,022,853 | 5.8% |
| 2024 | $2,228,608,684 | 3.35% |
| 2023 | $2,171,547,935 | 5.18% |
| 2022 | $1,999,888,599 | 9.88% |
| 2021 | $1,487,173,795 | 0.55% |
| 2020 | $1,382,551,752 | -11.7% |
| 2019 | $1,868,690,097 | 5.51% |
| 2018 | $1,784,313,927 | 4.94% |
| 2017 | $1,675,370,641 | 6.95% |
| 2016 | $1,568,513,348 | 12.1% |
| 2015 | $1,432,403,352 | 8.91% |
| 2014 | $1,387,577,870 | 4.06% |
| 2013 | $1,333,160,407 | 1.25% |
| 2012 | $1,089,407,839 | 3.11% |
| 2011 | $1,058,918,707 | 9.51% |
| 2010 | $981,616,542 | 4.51% |
| 2009 | $850,901,620 | -2.48% |
| 2008 | $979,597,394 | -2.73% |
| 2007 | $1,077,308,814 | 8.88% |
| 2006 | $1,081,441,283 | 9.41% |
| 2005 | $977,899,382 | 9.01% |
| 2004 | $893,012,218 | -2.85% |
| 2003 | $750,847,230 | -5.89% |
| 2002 | $742,134,838 | 1.21% |
| 2001 | $662,064,156 | -2.27% |
| 2000 | $654,212,394 | 4.25% |
| 1999 | $662,838,615 | 1.87% |
| 1998 | $647,287,376 | 2.47% |
| 1997 | $598,966,982 | 12.2% |
| 1996 | $535,250,347 | 10% |
| 1995 | $540,733,048 | 0.49% |
| 1994 | $517,570,058 | -2.44% |
| 1993 | $504,230,621 | 7.3% |
| 1992 | $461,409,399 | 7.17% |
| 1991 | $398,307,170 | 2.76% |
| 1990 | $392,163,561 | 7.45% |
| 1989 | $324,333,367 | 10.3% |
| 1988 | $301,985,618 | 5.33% |
| 1987 | $265,212,957 | 4.87% |
| 1986 | $221,147,061 | 0.76% |
| 1985 | $179,691,483 | 10.3% |
| 1984 | $160,992,921 | 4.31% |
| 1983 | $156,098,237 | -0.62% |
| 1982 | $157,211,790 | -2.07% |
| 1981 | $163,750,728 | -3.88% |
| 1980 | $156,783,830 | -5.1% |
| 1979 | $127,261,099 | 15.8% |
| 1978 | $85,552,366 | 21.2% |
| 1977 | $64,526,401 | -6.19% |
| 1976 | $49,278,982 | 16.3% |
| 1975 | $47,803,146 | 3.18% |
| 1974 | $43,134,496 | 1.3% |
| 1973 | $36,896,280 | 9.05% |
| 1972 | $30,645,123 | 6.31% |
| 1971 | $21,965,951 | 15.9% |
| 1970 | $18,432,032 | 8.87% |
| 1969 | $16,452,028 | 0% |
| 1968 | $16,074,028 | 7.55% |
| 1967 | $16,632,032 | 0.5% |
| 1966 | $16,443,034 | 13.9% |
| 1965 | $15,603,032 | -1.06% |
| 1964 | $15,393,032 | 5.92% |
| 1963 | $13,923,029 | 10.1% |
| 1962 | $12,642,026 | 8.41% |
| 1961 | $11,592,024 | -4.88% |
| 1960 | $12,012,025 | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/seychelles | CC BY 
Seychelles GDP per capita by year
| Year | Current $ | |
|---|---|---|
| GDP per capita | GDP per capita, PPP | |
| 2025 | $19,449 | - |
| 2024 | $18,365 | $33,239 |
| 2023 | $18,131 | $31,781 |
| 2022 | $16,683 | $29,973 |
| 2021 | $14,983 | $29,980 |
| 2020 | $14,041 | $31,056 |
| 2019 | $19,142 | $34,219 |
| 2018 | $18,440 | $32,091 |
| 2017 | $17,480 | $30,675 |
| 2016 | $16,567 | $28,811 |
| 2015 | $15,333 | $25,435 |
| 2014 | $15,188 | $24,985 |
| 2013 | $14,821 | $22,487 |
| 2012 | $12,337 | $22,264 |
| 2011 | $12,110 | $21,781 |
| 2010 | $10,935 | $18,982 |
| 2009 | $9,747 | $18,453 |
| 2008 | $11,265 | $18,881 |
| 2007 | $12,669 | $19,473 |
| 2006 | $12,783 | $17,503 |
| 2005 | $11,802 | $15,846 |
| 2004 | $10,828 | $14,160 |
| 2003 | $9,070 | $14,142 |
| 2002 | $8,864 | $14,570 |
| 2001 | $8,153 | $14,615 |
| 2000 | $8,064 | $14,638 |
| 1999 | $8,243 | $13,853 |
| 1998 | $8,210 | $13,675 |
| 1997 | $7,747 | $13,458 |
| 1996 | $7,004 | $11,931 |
| 1995 | $7,181 | $10,809 |
| 1994 | $6,975 | $10,692 |
| 1993 | $6,979 | $11,020 |
| 1992 | $6,520 | $10,243 |
| 1991 | $5,655 | $9,387 |
| 1990 | $5,642 | $8,955 |
| 1989 | $4,689 | - |
| 1988 | $4,392 | - |
| 1987 | $3,872 | - |
| 1986 | $3,368 | - |
| 1985 | $2,754 | - |
| 1984 | $2,488 | - |
| 1983 | $2,426 | - |
| 1982 | $2,441 | - |
| 1981 | $2,557 | - |
| 1980 | $2,478 | - |
| 1979 | $2,030 | - |
| 1978 | $1,377 | - |
| 1977 | $1,044 | - |
| 1976 | $814 | - |
| 1975 | $806 | - |
| 1974 | $745 | - |
| 1973 | $649 | - |
| 1972 | $547 | - |
| 1971 | $402 | - |
| 1970 | $344 | - |
| 1969 | $314 | - |
| 1968 | $314 | - |
| 1967 | $333 | - |
| 1966 | $338 | - |
| 1965 | $328 | - |
| 1964 | $332 | - |
| 1963 | $308 | - |
| 1962 | $287 | - |
| 1961 | $270.3 | - |
| 1960 | $288.1 | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/seychelles | CC BY
The Seychelles has a GDP per capita of $19,449, ranking 64/197, a GDP per capita based on purchasing power parity (PPP) of $33,239, ranking 67/197, and a median annual after tax income of $11,537, ranking 67/197.
Seychelles GDP rankings by year
| Year | Rank | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| GDP | GDP per capita | GDP per capita, PPP | |
| 2025 | 163 | 55 | - |
| 2024 | 172 | 61 | 61 |
| 2023 | 172 | 61 | 62 |
| 2022 | 174 | 60 | 61 |
| 2021 | 178 | 60 | 56 |
| 2020 | 179 | 59 | 49 |
| 2019 | 174 | 51 | 45 |
| 2018 | 174 | 52 | 46 |
| 2017 | 174 | 52 | 45 |
| 2016 | 175 | 53 | 45 |
| 2015 | 177 | 54 | 53 |
| 2014 | 177 | 55 | 53 |
| 2013 | 178 | 57 | 56 |
| 2012 | 180 | 65 | 57 |
| 2011 | 181 | 63 | 54 |
| 2010 | 179 | 63 | 59 |
| 2009 | 181 | 62 | 60 |
| 2008 | 178 | 60 | 60 |
| 2007 | 176 | 55 | 56 |
| 2006 | 174 | 50 | 57 |
| 2005 | 171 | 48 | 56 |
| 2004 | 173 | 48 | 58 |
| 2003 | 171 | 48 | 53 |
| 2002 | 170 | 47 | 50 |
| 2001 | 173 | 48 | 51 |
| 2000 | 171 | 47 | 49 |
| 1999 | 168 | 45 | 47 |
| 1998 | 168 | 46 | 47 |
| 1997 | 169 | 48 | 46 |
| 1996 | 167 | 47 | 46 |
| 1995 | 167 | 46 | 46 |
| 1994 | 164 | 46 | 46 |
| 1993 | 160 | 44 | 45 |
| 1992 | 160 | 47 | 46 |
| 1991 | 162 | 47 | 47 |
| 1990 | 160 | 49 | 50 |
| 1989 | 147 | 47 | - |
| 1988 | 147 | 46 | - |
| 1987 | 145 | 46 | - |
| 1986 | 140 | 50 | - |
| 1985 | 141 | 52 | - |
| 1984 | 140 | 56 | - |
| 1983 | 140 | 54 | - |
| 1982 | 139 | 55 | - |
| 1981 | 138 | 55 | - |
| 1980 | 138 | 51 | - |
| 1979 | 130 | 52 | - |
| 1978 | 135 | 65 | - |
| 1977 | 135 | 69 | - |
| 1976 | 134 | 71 | - |
| 1975 | 134 | 68 | - |
| 1974 | 133 | 70 | - |
| 1973 | 132 | 65 | - |
| 1972 | 132 | 60 | - |
| 1971 | 132 | 71 | - |
| 1970 | 134 | 78 | - |
| 1969 | 120 | 68 | - |
| 1968 | 119 | 60 | - |
| 1967 | 119 | 55 | - |
| 1966 | 115 | 52 | - |
| 1965 | 114 | 51 | - |
| 1964 | 111 | 49 | - |
| 1963 | 111 | 50 | - |
| 1962 | 112 | 51 | - |
| 1961 | 111 | 54 | - |
| 1960 | 109 | 44 | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/seychelles | CC BY
Compared with 2000, in 2025 the Seychelles is ranked 163rd out of 179 by GDP (up from 171st), 55th by GDP per capita (down from 47th), and 61st by GDP per capita PPP (down from 49th).
Economic indicators
Seychelles
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Gross domestic product |
$2.39B
2025 |
177/197 |
| GDP growth |
5.8%
2024-2025 |
37/194 |
| GDP per capita |
$19,449
2025 |
64/197 |
| GDP per capita, PPP |
$33,239
2024 |
67/197 |
| Government debt |
$1.23B
2025 |
170/185 |
| Debt-to-GDP ratio |
51.5%
2025 |
102/185 |
| Government debt per person |
$10,019
2025 |
59/185 |
| Average annual personal income after taxes |
$11,537
2026 |
67/197 |
| Listed domestic companies |
15
2025 |
93/103 |
| Market capitalization of domestic companies |
$646M
2025 |
95/100 |
| Income share by richest 10% |
23.9%
2018 |
139/169 |
| Income share by poorest 10% |
2.6%
2018 |
104/169 |
| Government expenditure, % of GDP |
32.7%
2025 |
80/195 |
| Consumer prices inflation |
0.3%
2024-2025 |
176/195 |
| Central bank interest rate |
1.75%
2024 |
99/106 |
| Unemployment rate |
2.59%
2024 |
165/196 |
| Population |
125859
|
181/197 |
Government spending, deficit, and debt by year
| Year | % of GDP | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Government spending | Government debt | Government deficit/surplus | |
| 2025 | 32.7% | 51.5% | -0.99% |
| 2024 | 33% | 56.1% | -0.68% |
| 2023 | 33.1% | 55.1% | -1.15% |
| 2022 | 31.6% | 60.6% | -0.77% |
| 2021 | 38.8% | 71% | -5.76% |
| 2020 | 46.7% | 77.4% | -15.7% |
| 2019 | 31.7% | 48.9% | 0.42% |
| 2018 | 33% | 51.3% | -0.8% |
| 2017 | 34.3% | 56.7% | -1.67% |
| 2016 | 34.5% | 64.3% | 0.02% |
| 2015 | 31.5% | 75.4% | 1.39% |
| 2014 | 33.4% | 70.4% | 2.87% |
| 2013 | 37.8% | 68.2% | 0.33% |
| 2012 | 38.6% | 80.1% | 2.93% |
| 2011 | 36.4% | 82.5% | 3.36% |
| 2010 | 34.6% | 82.2% | 0.52% |
| 2009 | 32.1% | 106.1% | 4.84% |
| 2008 | 27% | 192.1% | 7.88% |
| 2007 | 41.9% | 144% | -9.93% |
| 2006 | 43.6% | 135.1% | -2.54% |
| 2005 | 39% | 144.1% | 0.42% |
| 2004 | 39.9% | 163.2% | 0.44% |
| 2003 | 44.6% | 177% | 3.4% |
| 2002 | 56.3% | 195.9% | -16.3% |
| 2001 | 46.8% | 199.8% | -8.93% |
| 2000 | 55.4% | 177.8% | -14.7% |
| 1999 | 56.1% | 159.8% | -10.3% |
| 1998 | 60.7% | 161.2% | -16.7% |
| 1997 | 54.7% | 143% | -5.91% |
| 1996 | 59.1% | 146.7% | -9.69% |
| 1995 | 53.1% | 133.5% | -2.58% |
| 1994 | 63.6% | 123.5% | -6.95% |
| 1993 | 60.4% | 82.2% | -3.62% |
| 1992 | 50.7% | 79.9% | 6.44% |
| 1991 | 52.1% | 89.2% | 3.15% |
| 1990 | 46.1% | 80.4% | 11.9% |
| 1989 | 51.7% | 39.9% | 8.26% |
| 1988 | 46.7% | 41.3% | 11.8% |
| 1987 | 49.7% | 37% | 2.77% |
| 1986 | 58% | 31.5% | -10.1% |
| 1985 | 53% | 26.5% | -4.86% |
| 1984 | 50.5% | 15.3% | -6.09% |
| 1983 | 47.9% | 12.4% | -3.13% |
Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1983–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/seychelles | CC BY
This chart shows the Seychelles' government spending, budget balance, and debt over time, each expressed as a share of GDP.
Over the past 43 years, the Seychelles recorded a fiscal deficit in 24 of them, with an average annual deficit equal to 2.01% of GDP. In 2025, government spending reached $781M (32.7% of GDP), with a deficit of 0.99%.
The national debt reached $1.23B, ranking 170th out of 185 countries by total size, with a debt-to-GDP ratio of 51.5%, ranking 102nd.
Inflation rate by year
| Year | Inflation |
|---|---|
| 2025 | 0.3% |
| 2024 | 0.31% |
| 2023 | -1.04% |
| 2022 | 2.63% |
| 2021 | 9.77% |
| 2020 | 1.2% |
| 2019 | 1.81% |
| 2018 | 3.7% |
| 2017 | 2.86% |
| 2016 | -1.02% |
| 2015 | 4.04% |
| 2014 | 1.39% |
| 2013 | 4.34% |
| 2012 | 7.11% |
| 2011 | 2.56% |
| 2010 | -2.4% |
| 2009 | 31.8% |
| 2008 | 37% |
| 2007 | 5.32% |
| 2006 | -0.35% |
| 2005 | 0.91% |
| 2004 | 3.86% |
| 2003 | 3.3% |
| 2002 | 0.18% |
| 2001 | 5.97% |
| 2000 | 6.27% |
| 1999 | 6.35% |
| 1998 | 2.58% |
| 1997 | 0.62% |
| 1996 | -1.1% |
| 1995 | -0.24% |
| 1994 | 1.74% |
| 1993 | 1.38% |
| 1992 | 3.25% |
| 1991 | 1.99% |
| 1990 | 3.89% |
| 1989 | 1.58% |
| 1988 | 1.84% |
| 1987 | 2.59% |
| 1986 | 0.24% |
| 1985 | 0.83% |
| 1984 | 4.09% |
| 1983 | 6.05% |
| 1982 | -0.91% |
| 1981 | 10.6% |
| 1980 | 13.6% |
| 1979 | 12.5% |
| 1978 | 11.8% |
| 1977 | 15% |
| 1976 | 14.9% |
| 1975 | 18.6% |
| 1974 | 24.4% |
| 1973 | 18.2% |
| 1972 | 20.9% |
| 1971 | 14.6% |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1971–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/seychelles | CC BY
Over the past 20 years, the Seychelles has had an average annual inflation rate of 5.56%. In 2025, inflation was 0.3%. The bar chart above shows consumer price inflation by year.
Balance of trade
|
Seychelles
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
|
Current account balance
|
-$166M
2024 |
90/190 |
| Current account balance, % of GDP |
-7.46%
2024 |
152/190 |
| Goods imports |
$1.38B
2024 |
162/189 |
| Goods exports |
$595M
2024 |
157/189 |
| Service imports |
$1B
2024 |
148/189 |
| Service exports |
$1.71B
2024 |
114/189 |
| Imports of goods and services, % of GDP |
92.7%
2025 |
12/182 |
| Exports of goods and services, % of GDP |
79.6%
2025 |
14/193 |
Seychelles top 10 trading partners
The Seychelles' biggest trading partner accounting for 31.7% of all exports and imports is the United Arab Emirates, with a trade balance between the two of -$300M: the Seychelles exports $188M worth of goods and services to the United Arab Emirates and imports $488M.
Below is the list of the top 10 trade partners of the Seychelles.
| Rank | Country | Trade value | Share of total trade | Export to | Import from | Top export to | Top import from |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
UAE
|
$676M | 31.7% | $188M | $488M | Raw materials & minerals | Raw materials & minerals |
| 2 |
France
|
$180M | 8.45% | $92.3M | $87.7M | Processed food, beverages & tobacco | Animal & marine products |
| 3 |
Spain
|
$154M | 7.21% | $24.2M | $130M | Animal & marine products | Animal & marine products |
| 4 |
Marshall Islands
|
$122M | 5.7% | $0 | $122M | Animal & marine products | Machinery & equipment |
| 5 |
South Africa
|
$102M | 4.78% | $3.97M | $97.8M | Machinery & equipment | Machinery & equipment |
| 6 |
China
|
$92.5M | 4.34% | $2.41M | $90.1M | Animal & marine products | Machinery & equipment |
| 7 |
India
|
$91.9M | 4.31% | $2.5M | $89.4M | Metals | Machinery & equipment |
| 8 |
United Kingdom
|
$85.9M | 4.03% | $45.1M | $40.8M | Processed food, beverages & tobacco | Machinery & equipment |
| 9 |
Thailand
|
$73.1M | 3.43% | $17M | $56.1M | Animal & marine products | Metals |
| 10 |
Germany
|
$72.9M | 3.42% | $52.2M | $20.7M | Processed food, beverages & tobacco | Machinery & equipment |
Top 10 exports
|
Seychelles
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Transport & tourism services | $1.16B | 117/191 |
| Business & finance services | $601M | 93/189 |
| Processed food, beverages & tobacco | $264M | 115/192 |
| Raw materials & minerals | $175M | 141/193 |
| Animal & marine products | $110M | 101/192 |
| Government & miscellaneous services | $29.2M | 123/187 |
| Machinery & equipment | $24.3M | 155/193 |
| IT & IP services | $12.1M | 154/185 |
| Metals | $10.1M | 152/192 |
| Chemicals & pharma | $1.41M | 171/193 |
Top 10 imports
|
Seychelles
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Business & finance services | $633M | 114/189 |
| Machinery & equipment | $464M | 157/193 |
| Transport & tourism services | $355M | 157/191 |
| Raw materials & minerals | $343M | 159/193 |
| Animal & marine products | $194M | 118/193 |
| Processed food, beverages & tobacco | $127M | 166/193 |
| Metals | $118M | 156/193 |
| Chemicals & pharma | $96.8M | 167/193 |
| Textiles & consumer goods | $94.6M | 164/193 |
| Raw agricultural goods | $55.7M | 168/193 |
Economic freedom indices
|
Seychelles
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Economic freedom | 66.5 | 60/197 |
| Property rights | 82.6 | 36/182 |
| Government integrity | 71.7 | 26/182 |
| Judicial effectiveness | 61.7 | 60/182 |
| Tax burden | 77.3 | 103/182 |
| Government spending | 68 | 106/180 |
| Fiscal health | 92.2 | 45/181 |
| Business freedom | 71.3 | 61/182 |
| Labor freedom | 52 | 128/182 |
| Monetary freedom | 79.8 | 21/180 |
| Trade freedom | 81.2 | 21/181 |
| Investment freedom | 30 | 155/181 |
| Financial freedom | 30 | 148/181 |
Economic freedom by year
| Year | Index | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Economic freedom | Judicial effectiveness | Tax burden | Government spending | Fiscal health | |
| 2026 | 66.5 | 61.7 | 77.3 | 68 | 92.2 |
| 2025 | 66.4 | 63.7 | 79.7 | 64.6 | 83.2 |
| 2024 | 60.4 | 65.2 | 79.1 | 54.6 | 12.4 |
| 2023 | 59.5 | 71.5 | 75.1 | 47.8 | 9.4 |
| 2022 | 61.1 | 62.4 | 76.4 | 42.5 | 36.7 |
| 2021 | 66.3 | 51.6 | 76.9 | 60.9 | 93.2 |
| 2020 | 64.3 | 46.4 | 76.8 | 58.9 | 93.2 |
| 2019 | 61.4 | 37.5 | 76.3 | 60.3 | 92 |
| 2018 | 61.6 | 38.8 | 73.4 | 63 | 90.6 |
| 2017 | 61.8 | 42.6 | 78.8 | 63.9 | 90.7 |
| 2016 | 62.2 | - | 79.3 | 62 | - |
| 2015 | 57.5 | - | 79.8 | 59.4 | - |
| 2014 | 56.2 | - | 76.8 | 61.8 | - |
| 2013 | 54.9 | - | 77.6 | 56.9 | - |
| 2012 | 53 | - | 76 | 59.6 | - |
| 2011 | 51.2 | - | 77.7 | 52.5 | - |
| 2010 | 47.9 | - | 76.4 | 9.3 | - |
| 2009 | 47.8 | - | 73.8 | 0 | - |
Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (2009–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/seychelles | CC BY
The Seychelles is ranked 54/174 for economic freedom with a score of 66.5, compared to 155/177 and a score of 47.8 in 2009.
Other economic metrics
|
Seychelles
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Services, % of GDP |
67.9%
2025 |
34/191 |
| Industry, % of GDP |
14.3%
2025 |
165/194 |
| Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP |
2.61%
2025 |
139/193 |
|
GNI, Atlas method
|
$2.36B
2025 |
175/194 |
| GNI per capita, PPP |
$34,930
2025 |
63/191 |
| Total reserves including gold |
$774M
2024 |
146/177 |
|
Net foreign direct investment
|
-$268M
2024 |
85/189 |
|
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
|
$226M
2024 |
134/193 |
|
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
|
-$41.4M
2024 |
175/193 |
| Poverty at national poverty lines |
25.3%
2018 |
71/176 |
|
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
|
18.7%
2025 |
136/179 |
Compare Seychelles vs other countries
GDP per capita map
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/seychelles | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (2009–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1983–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- TradeMap (2024–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.
Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.
A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).
Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.
Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.
Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.