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Economy of Chile vs Trinidad and Tobago compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Chile has a GDP of $330B compared to $25.6B for Trinidad and Tobago, ranking 45/197 and 115/197 by economy size, respectively.

Chile has $138B in government debt (41.7% of GDP), compared to $16.5B (64.2% of GDP) in Trinidad and Tobago.

Chile vs Trinidad and Tobago GDP by year

Chile
Trinidad and Tobago
1x
Year GDP, current $
Chile Trinidad
2024 $330,267,137,372 $25,633,544,529
2023 $335,518,054,098 $25,036,993,423
2022 $301,226,575,540 $28,341,164,301
2021 $315,325,547,162 $24,222,963,263
2020 $254,042,159,309 $20,888,515,184
2019 $278,285,058,719 $23,477,745,792
2018 $295,857,562,992 $23,883,058,083
2017 $276,154,259,981 $23,830,750,901
2016 $249,344,863,928 $23,624,322,193
2015 $242,450,355,831 $26,841,141,793
2014 $259,560,978,224 $29,474,180,005
2013 $277,395,018,842 $28,560,537,057
2012 $267,024,782,487 $27,147,349,937
2011 $251,382,573,894 $25,433,007,437
2010 $217,051,209,239 $22,157,920,592
2009 $171,777,900,624 $19,172,165,226
2008 $179,894,594,475 $27,871,587,350
2007 $172,491,076,034 $21,641,620,050
2006 $153,843,518,171 $18,369,361,094
2005 $122,294,145,163 $15,982,389,018
2004 $99,075,985,774 $13,280,291,990
2003 $76,492,579,644 $11,305,459,802
2002 $70,264,045,939 $9,008,298,229
2001 $71,574,739,561 $8,824,849,191
2000 $78,339,750,721 $8,154,342,116
1999 $75,578,685,736 $6,808,982,521
1998 $81,990,010,704 $6,043,686,654
1997 $85,741,415,285 $5,737,771,523
1996 $78,584,098,984 $5,759,570,336
1995 $73,820,425,702 $5,329,217,747
1994 $57,438,273,591 $4,947,181,646
1993 $49,934,943,321 $4,669,491,134
1992 $46,538,895,686 $5,439,552,941
1991 $38,232,330,917 $5,307,905,882
1990 $33,428,580,448 $5,068,000,000
1989 $30,101,767,991 $4,323,058,824
1988 $26,174,858,614 $4,496,910,569
1987 $22,605,488,851 $4,797,777,778
1986 $19,197,818,085 $4,794,444,444
1985 $17,933,557,360 $7,375,918,367
1984 $19,974,595,028 $7,757,083,333
1983 $20,629,678,694 $7,763,750,000
1982 $19,710,229,067 $8,140,416,667
1981 $35,180,322,211 $6,992,083,333
1980 $29,586,676,576 $6,235,833,333
1979 $22,249,574,628 $4,602,416,625
1978 $16,373,093,554 $3,562,333,458
1977 $14,272,711,437 $3,138,666,667
1976 $10,523,479,089 $2,500,424,955
1975 $7,812,161,793 $2,442,669,825
1974 $16,584,311,220 $2,042,001,071
1973 $17,237,336,173 $1,308,785,431
1972 $12,057,501,635 $1,083,391,758
1971 $10,999,807,567 $896,765,215
1970 $9,261,006,540 $821,850,000
1969 $8,456,519,044 $779,200,000
1968 $7,286,820,526 $758,899,950
1967 $7,145,068,068 $761,981,912
1966 $7,256,882,086 $723,739,857
1965 $6,183,988,944 $736,573,159
1964 $6,065,708,668 $711,897,520
1963 $5,702,520,146 $678,239,329
1962 $5,765,971,144 $619,322,810
1961 $4,948,564,551 $584,964,621
1960 $4,211,103,677 $535,673,252

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/trinidad-and-tobago | CC BY

GDP per capita in Chile vs Trinidad and Tobago by year

Chile
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Trinidad and Tobago
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Chile Trinidad
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $16,710 $36,181 $18,733 $36,329
2023 $17,067 $33,145 $18,308 $34,623
2022 $15,406 $30,932 $20,751 $32,979
2021 $16,207 $29,090 $17,713 $30,482
2020 $13,115 $25,351 $15,284 $26,731
2019 $14,496 $25,612 $17,213 $29,316
2018 $15,659 $25,305 $17,571 $28,673
2017 $14,880 $24,295 $17,566 $28,484
2016 $13,650 $23,257 $17,449 $28,232
2015 $13,434 $22,468 $19,887 $29,825
2014 $14,530 $22,554 $21,908 $32,027
2013 $15,684 $22,201 $21,305 $31,746
2012 $15,242 $21,366 $20,332 $31,883
2011 $14,487 $20,122 $19,151 $31,078
2010 $12,633 $17,918 $16,815 $30,778
2009 $10,099 $15,951 $14,634 $29,602
2008 $10,683 $16,376 $21,299 $30,807
2007 $10,346 $16,698 $16,607 $29,355
2006 $9,319 $15,511 $14,153 $27,393
2005 $7,480 $12,550 $12,346 $23,536
2004 $6,121 $11,612 $9,871 $20,674
2003 $4,773 $10,708 $8,445 $18,743
2002 $4,431 $10,133 $6,763 $16,141
2001 $4,564 $9,776 $6,657 $14,797
2000 $5,053 $9,376 $6,179 $13,953
1999 $4,934 $8,839 $5,179 $12,812
1998 $5,420 $8,850 $4,613 $11,735
1997 $5,742 $8,510 $4,394 $10,769
1996 $5,334 $7,895 $4,427 $9,883
1995 $5,081 $7,232 $4,115 $9,099
1994 $4,012 $6,476 $3,840 $8,631
1993 $3,541 $6,061 $3,647 $8,209
1992 $3,352 $5,563 $4,277 $8,129
1991 $2,798 $4,886 $4,205 $7,274
1990 $2,488 $4,444 $4,047 $6,878
1989 $2,278 - $3,482 -
1988 $2,014 - $3,656 -
1987 $1,767 - $3,941 -
1986 $1,525 - $3,985 -
1985 $1,447 - $6,212 -
1984 $1,636 - $6,613 -
1983 $1,715 - $6,690 -
1982 $1,663 - $7,091 -
1981 $3,012 - $6,160 -
1980 $2,571 - $5,559 -
1979 $1,962 - $4,155 -
1978 $1,465 - $3,258 -
1977 $1,297 - $2,907 -
1976 $971 - $2,345 -
1975 $732 - $2,319 -
1974 $1,579 - $1,962 -
1973 $1,667 - $1,273 -
1972 $1,185 - $1,067 -
1971 $1,099 - $894 -
1970 $941 - $829 -
1969 $874 - $795 -
1968 $766 - $783 -
1967 $764 - $797 -
1966 $790 - $768 -
1965 $686 - $793 -
1964 $686 - $780 -
1963 $658 - $756 -
1962 $679 - $704 -
1961 $594 - $678 -
1960 $516 - $634 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/trinidad-and-tobago | CC BY

Chile's GDP per capita is $16,710, ranking 65/197, compared to $18,733 in Trinidad and Tobago, ranking 61/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Chile ranks 63rd at $36,181, while Trinidad and Tobago ranks 62nd at $36,329.

Economic indicators

Chile Trinidad
Gross domestic product
$330B
2024
$25.6B
2024
GDP rank
45/197
2024
115/197
2024
GDP growth
2.64%
2023-2024
2.51%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$16,710
2024
$18,733
2024
GDP per capita rank
65/197
2024
61/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$36,181
2024
$36,329
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
63/197
2024
62/197
2024
Government debt
$138B
2024
$16.5B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
41.7%
2024
64.2%
2024
Government debt per person
$6,960
2024
$12,028
2024
Government debt per person rank
68/185
2024
45/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$10,247
2026
$11,007
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$262B
2024
$3.89B
2001
Number of millionaires
81,274
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
6
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
34.5%
2022
29.9%
1992
Income share by poorest 10%
2.3%
2022
2.1%
1992
Government expenditure, % of GDP
26.7%
2024
32.3%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
4.3%
2023-2024
0.53%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
4.75%
2025
3.5%
2020
Unemployment rate
8.76%
2024
4.01%
2024
Population
19977856
1374840

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Chile
Spending

Debt
Trinidad and Tobago
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Chile Trinidad
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 26.7% 41.7% 32.3% 64.2%
2023 27.4% 39.4% 33.5% 62.2%
2022 26.7% 37.9% 27.2% 51.3%
2021 33.6% 36.4% 30.3% 58.4%
2020 29.1% 32.4% 36.2% 62.5%
2019 26.5% 28.3% 31.2% 46.2%
2018 25.6% 25.8% 30.2% 41.5%
2017 25.5% 23.7% 30.7% 39.8%
2016 25.4% 21.1% 31.9% 35.4%
2015 25% 17.4% 35% 27.1%
2014 23.9% 15% 32.8% 23.5%
2013 23.1% 12.8% 31.3% 21.6%
2012 23.1% 11.9% 29.5% 21.8%
2011 22.9% 11.1% 29.4% 26.4%
2010 23.5% 8.61% 30.4% 16.8%
2009 25% 5.84% 37% 20.7%
2008 21.8% 4.92% 26.7% 13.5%
2007 19.3% 3.9% 25.7% 16.2%
2006 18.7% 5.02% 31.6% 16.9%
2005 20.2% 7.04% 26.7% 19.8%
2004 20.8% 10.3% 22.5% 24.2%
2003 22.2% 12.6% 22.2% 30.2%
2002 23.2% 15% 24.4% 37%
2001 23.2% 14.3% 24.8% 36.6%
2000 22.9% 13.1% 23.1% 38.9%
1999 23.7% 13.3% 24.1% 42.2%
1998 21.9% 12.1% 26.9% 42.8%
1997 20.6% 12.8% 27.2% 46.1%
1996 20.6% 14.6% 27.6% 47%
1995 19.4% 17.2% 26.2% 50.1%
1994 20.6% 22.6% 25.4% 52.6%
1993 21.1% 28% 26.9% 58.8%
1992 20.8% 30.3% 28.6% 49.2%
1991 21.2% 37% 29.6% 49.5%
1990 20.9% 50.3% 26.9% 47.7%
1989 19.8% 51.9% 30.9% 51.9%
1988 21.3% 71.2% 45.3% 65.3%
1987 22.9% 81.6% - -
1986 26.6% 88.4% - -
1985 28.5% 79.8% - -
1984 30% 56.6% - -
1983 29.2% 45.5% - -
1982 30.1% 20.3% - -
1981 26.4% 14% - -
1980 23.8% 17.4% - -
1979 24.8% 23.2% - -
1978 29.4% 26% - -
1977 30% 16.5% - -
1976 30% 19.5% - -
1975 33.6% 28.4% - -
1974 32.3% 18.8% - -
1973 30.8% 11.1% - -
1972 35% 10.1% - -
1971 27.2% 20% - -
1970 21.1% 26.3% - -
1969 18.7% 21.5% - -
1968 19.3% 17.9% - -
1967 19.1% 14.9% - -
1966 20.5% 12.6% - -
1965 20.5% 12.6% - -
1964 17.8% 9.6% - -
1963 18.9% 9.23% - -
1962 21.3% 6.99% - -
1961 19.5% 7.97% - -
1960 19.7% 7.02% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1990, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/trinidad-and-tobago | CC BY

In 2024, Chile's government spending was $88.3B, accounting for 26.7% of its GDP, while Trinidad and Tobago spent $8.28B, or 32.3% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 41.7% in Chile and 64.2% in Trinidad and Tobago, ranking 129/185 and 70/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Chile

Trinidad and Tobago
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Chile Trinidad
2024 -2.82% -5.24%
2023 -2.27% -1.24%
2022 1.36% 0.92%
2021 -7.53% -8.1%
2020 -7.1% -12.2%
2019 -2.73% -3.74%
2018 -1.48% -5.89%
2017 -2.63% -10.4%
2016 -2.66% -10.1%
2015 -2.09% -7.56%
2014 -1.5% -4.31%
2013 -0.47% -2.67%
2012 0.68% -1.26%
2011 1.43% -0.67%
2010 -0.36% 0.13%
2009 -4.26% -5.42%
2008 3.93% 5.39%
2007 7.95% 3.12%
2006 7.51% 1.56%
2005 4.57% 2.36%
2004 2.05% 1.84%
2003 -0.42% 1.8%
2002 -1.17% -0.2%
2001 -0.49% 0.61%
2000 -0.69% 0.17%
1999 -2.02% -0.88%
1998 0.39% -1.8%
1997 2.04% 0.11%
1996 2.07% -0.45%
1995 3.09% 0.17%
1994 1.43% -0.02%
1993 1.41% 0.23%
1992 2.09% -2.74%
1991 1.54% -0.21%
1990 2.24% -1.27%
1989 5.31% -4.46%
1988 4.07% -9.34%
1987 2.36% -
1986 -0.92% -
1985 -2.22% -
1984 -2.95% -
1983 -2.67% -
1982 -1.02% -
1981 2.56% -
1980 5.41% -
1979 4.82% -
1978 -0.11% -
1977 -1.11% -
1976 -0.48% -
1975 -0.41% -
1974 -5.79% -
1973 -7.32% -
1972 -12.7% -
1971 -7.98% -
1970 -1.22% -
1969 0.6% -
1968 -0.79% -
1967 -0.64% -
1966 -1.88% -
1965 -1.64% -
1964 -2.24% -
1963 -3.29% -
1962 -4.31% -
1961 -2.89% -
1960 -3.14% -
1959 1.56% -
1958 -0.1% -
1957 -0.71% -
1956 -1.3% -
1955 -2.79% -
1954 -2.84% -
1953 -4.05% -
1952 -1.82% -
1951 -0.71% -
1950 -0.92% -
1949 1.71% -
1948 2.56% -
1947 -0.2% -
1946 0.12% -
1945 0.73% -
1944 0.25% -
1943 0.81% -
1942 1.51% -
1941 1.9% -
1940 2.64% -
1939 1.74% -
1938 1.25% -
1937 1.42% -
1936 2.62% -
1935 4.23% -
1934 2.42% -
1933 1.76% -
1932 -0.32% -
1931 -2.73% -
1930 1.47% -
1929 1.89% -
1928 4.11% -
1927 -0.17% -
1926 -3.23% -
1925 2.44% -
1924 3.68% -
1923 2.87% -
1922 -0.23% -
1921 -0.57% -
1920 -1.8% -
1919 -2.53% -
1918 0.71% -
1917 0.49% -
1916 0.98% -
1915 -2.13% -
1914 -2.67% -
1913 -2.23% -
1912 -3.29% -
1911 -3.32% -
1910 -3.17% -
1909 -2.26% -
1908 -0.84% -
1907 -2.39% -
1906 -2.8% -
1905 -1.31% -
1904 -1.6% -
1903 -1.35% -
1902 -3.65% -
1901 -3.93% -
1900 -1.89% -
1899 -0.78% -
1898 -3.84% -
1897 -1.78% -
1896 -5.36% -
1895 -2.31% -
1894 0.82% -
1893 -0.59% -
1892 -1.33% -
1891 -6.72% -
1890 -3.65% -
1889 -2.71% -
1888 -0.58% -
1887 -4% -
1886 -5.17% -
1885 -2.46% -
1884 -3.23% -
1883 -3.57% -
1882 -2.86% -
1881 -1.83% -
1880 -2% -
1879 -4.34% -
1878 -2.27% -
1877 -3.88% -
1876 -3.17% -
1875 -3.73% -
1874 -4.75% -
1873 -1.94% -
1872 -1.78% -
1871 -2.38% -
1870 -1.83% -
1869 -1.07% -
1868 -2.85% -
1867 -4.31% -
1866 -5.72% -
1865 -1.95% -
1864 -1.07% -
1863 -0.26% -
1862 -0.13% -
1861 -0.5% -
1860 -0.07% -
1859 -1.6% -
1858 -1.37% -
1857 -0.3% -
1856 0.11% -
1855 0.1% -
1854 -0.2% -
1853 0.27% -
1852 0.68% -
1851 -0.39% -
1850 0.35% -
1849 0.6% -
1848 -0.25% -
1847 0.04% -
1846 0.36% -
1845 -0.21% -
1844 0.48% -
1843 0.69% -
1842 1.1% -
1841 0.31% -
1840 0.34% -
1839 0.25% -
1838 -0.21% -
1837 -0.05% -
1836 -0.17% -
1835 -0.58% -
1834 -0.39% -
1833 -0.45% -
1832 -0.57% -
1831 -0.77% -
1830 -0.51% -
1829 -0.06% -
1828 -0.3% -
1827 0.07% -
1826 -0.08% -
1825 0.05% -
1824 -0.37% -
1823 0.98% -
1822 1.28% -
1821 -0.19% -
1820 0.64% -
1819 0.16% -
1818 1.52% -
1817 0.94% -
1816 1.21% -
1815 1.53% -
1814 1.91% -
1813 2.34% -
1812 2.79% -
1811 3.24% -
1810 3.64% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/trinidad-and-tobago | CC BY

In 2024, Chile's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $9.3B, equivalent to 2.82% of GDP. This compares to Trinidad and Tobago's deficit of $1.34B, or 5.24% of GDP.

Over the past 37 years, Chile recorded a fiscal deficit in 18 of those years, while Trinidad and Tobago ran a deficit in 24 years. On average, Chile posted an annual surplus equal to 0.34% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.21% of GDP for Trinidad and Tobago.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Chile

Trinidad and Tobago
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Chile Trinidad
2024 4.3% 0.53%
2023 7.58% 4.63%
2022 11.6% 5.83%
2021 4.52% 2.06%
2020 3.05% 0.6%
2019 2.56% 1%
2018 2.43% 1.02%
2017 2.18% 1.88%
2016 3.79% 3.07%
2015 4.35% 4.66%
2014 4.72% 5.68%
2013 1.79% 5.2%
2012 3.01% 9.26%
2011 3.34% 5.11%
2010 1.41% 10.5%
2009 0.35% 6.98%
2008 8.72% 12%
2007 4.41% 7.89%
2006 3.39% 8.33%
2005 3.05% 6.87%
2004 1.05% 3.72%
2003 2.81% 3.81%
2002 2.49% 4.15%
2001 3.57% 5.54%
2000 3.84% 3.56%
1999 3.34% 3.44%
1998 5.11% 5.61%
1997 6.13% 3.63%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/trinidad-and-tobago | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Chile has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 3.89%, compared with 4.88% in Trinidad and Tobago. In 2024, inflation was 4.3% in Chile and 0.53% in Trinidad and Tobago.

Top exports between countries

Chile
Export category Export value
Wood & paper products $14.1M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $5.82M
Machinery & equipment $4.2M
Animal & marine products $1.43M
Miscellaneous $847K
Raw agricultural goods $841K
Raw materials & minerals $653K
Metals $533K
Textiles & consumer goods $476K
Chemicals & pharma $151K
Trinidad
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $119M
Machinery & equipment $199K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $162K
Chemicals & pharma $71K
Wood & paper products $43K
Metals $20K
Textiles & consumer goods $13K
Miscellaneous $2K

Balance of trade

Chile Trinidad
Current account balance
-$4.85B
2024
$645M
2024
Current account balance ranking
166/190
2024
58/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.47%
2024
+2.52%
2024
Goods imports
$78.1B
2024
$7.54B
2024
Goods exports
$99.2B
2024
$10B
2024
Service imports
$21.1B
2024
$2.71B
2024
Service exports
$12B
2024
$1.26B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
30.1%
2024
n/a
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
33.7%
2024
45%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Chile Trinidad
Economic freedom 74.3 62.4
Economic freedom ranking 20/197 87/197
Property rights 69.7 47.3
Government integrity 67.8 45.5
Judicial effectiveness 90.3 58.8
Tax burden 72.5 76.1
Government spending 78.2 71.1
Fiscal health 94.1 86.3
Business freedom 78.5 67.1
Labor freedom 56.8 57.2
Monetary freedom 75.1 81
Trade freedom 78 68.8
Investment freedom 60 50
Financial freedom 70 40

Economic freedom comparison by year

Chile
Trinidad and Tobago
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Chile Trinidad
2026 74.3 62.4
2025 73.2 63.6
2024 71.4 60.4
2023 71.1 59.5
2022 74.4 58.8
2021 75.2 59
2020 76.8 58.3
2019 75.4 57
2018 75.2 57.7
2017 76.5 61.2
2016 77.7 62.9
2015 78.5 64.1
2014 78.7 62.7
2013 79 62.3
2012 78.3 64.4
2011 77.4 66.5
2010 77.2 65.7
2009 78.3 68
2008 78.6 69.5
2007 77.7 70.6
2006 78 70.4
2005 77.8 71.5
2004 76.9 71.3
2003 76 68.8
2002 77.8 70.1
2001 75.1 71.8
2000 74.7 74.5
1999 74.1 72.4
1998 74.9 72
1997 75.9 71.3
1996 72.6 69.2
1995 71.2 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/trinidad-and-tobago | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Chile is 74.3, ranking 20/197, compared to 62.4 for Trinidad and Tobago, ranking 87/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Chile Trinidad
Services, % of GDP
56.1%
2024
59.2%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
30.1%
2024
34.6%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
3.91%
2024
0.78%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$311B
2024
$27B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$34,320
2024
$36,580
2024
Total reserves including gold
$44.4B
2024
$5.6B
2024
Total reserves ranking
45/177
2024
94/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$8.93B
2024
$980M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$12.5B
2024
-$453M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$3.59B
2024
$527M
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
6.5%
2022
20%
2020
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.2%
2024
19%
2023

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/trinidad-and-tobago | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1990, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2023–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-02-20)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.