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Economy of Chile vs Poland compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Chile has a GDP of $330B compared to $918B for Poland, ranking 45/197 and 21/197 by economy size, respectively.

Chile has $138B in government debt (41.7% of GDP), compared to $507B (55.3% of GDP) in Poland.

Chile vs Poland GDP by year

Chile
Poland
1x
Year GDP, current $
Chile Poland
2024 $330,267,137,372 $917,767,106,147
2023 $335,518,054,098 $812,451,193,396
2022 $301,226,575,540 $695,607,470,875
2021 $315,325,547,162 $689,170,230,665
2020 $254,042,159,309 $605,914,237,904
2019 $278,285,058,719 $602,683,770,145
2018 $295,857,562,992 $594,616,687,350
2017 $276,154,259,981 $528,356,676,667
2016 $249,344,863,928 $473,259,583,970
2015 $242,450,355,831 $480,054,118,583
2014 $259,560,978,224 $542,134,167,179
2013 $277,395,018,842 $518,179,836,405
2012 $267,024,782,487 $498,148,649,703
2011 $251,382,573,894 $527,848,543,023
2010 $217,051,209,239 $478,111,630,684
2009 $171,777,900,624 $440,891,472,247
2008 $179,894,594,475 $535,612,030,672
2007 $172,491,076,034 $429,715,132,138
2006 $153,843,518,171 $345,897,630,736
2005 $122,294,145,163 $306,999,913,151
2004 $99,075,985,774 $256,268,656,145
2003 $76,492,579,644 $218,561,225,998
2002 $70,264,045,939 $199,694,463,256
2001 $71,574,739,561 $191,823,200,371
2000 $78,339,750,721 $172,953,527,033
1999 $75,578,685,736 $170,704,452,715
1998 $81,990,010,704 $175,282,269,667
1997 $85,741,415,285 $159,893,964,917
1996 $78,584,098,984 $160,813,026,223
1995 $73,820,425,702 $142,838,527,115
1994 $57,438,273,591 $110,803,635,288
1993 $49,934,943,321 $96,043,157,273
1992 $46,538,895,686 $94,337,050,693
1991 $38,232,330,917 $85,500,935,935
1990 $33,428,580,448 $65,977,748,211
1989 $30,101,767,991 -
1988 $26,174,858,614 -
1987 $22,605,488,851 -
1986 $19,197,818,085 -
1985 $17,933,557,360 -
1984 $19,974,595,028 -
1983 $20,629,678,694 -
1982 $19,710,229,067 -
1981 $35,180,322,211 -
1980 $29,586,676,576 -
1979 $22,249,574,628 -
1978 $16,373,093,554 -
1977 $14,272,711,437 -
1976 $10,523,479,089 -
1975 $7,812,161,793 -
1974 $16,584,311,220 -
1973 $17,237,336,173 -
1972 $12,057,501,635 -
1971 $10,999,807,567 -
1970 $9,261,006,540 -
1969 $8,456,519,044 -
1968 $7,286,820,526 -
1967 $7,145,068,068 -
1966 $7,256,882,086 -
1965 $6,183,988,944 -
1964 $6,065,708,668 -
1963 $5,702,520,146 -
1962 $5,765,971,144 -
1961 $4,948,564,551 -
1960 $4,211,103,677 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/poland | CC BY

GDP per capita in Chile vs Poland by year

Chile
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Poland
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Chile Poland
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $16,710 $36,181 $25,104 $51,263
2023 $17,067 $33,145 $22,145 $48,473
2022 $15,406 $30,932 $18,891 $46,778
2021 $16,207 $29,090 $18,636 $41,060
2020 $13,115 $25,351 $16,151 $37,089
2019 $14,496 $25,612 $15,875 $35,882
2018 $15,659 $25,305 $15,658 $32,345
2017 $14,880 $24,295 $13,913 $30,170
2016 $13,650 $23,257 $12,464 $28,360
2015 $13,434 $22,468 $12,638 $26,988
2014 $14,530 $22,554 $14,262 $25,460
2013 $15,684 $22,201 $13,622 $24,434
2012 $15,242 $21,366 $13,087 $23,728
2011 $14,487 $20,122 $13,868 $22,809
2010 $12,633 $17,918 $12,568 $20,991
2009 $10,099 $15,951 $11,556 $19,300
2008 $10,683 $16,376 $14,049 $18,372
2007 $10,346 $16,698 $11,273 $16,833
2006 $9,319 $15,511 $9,069 $15,205
2005 $7,480 $12,550 $8,044 $13,936
2004 $6,121 $11,612 $6,712 $13,413
2003 $4,773 $10,708 $5,721 $12,329
2002 $4,431 $10,133 $5,223 $11,841
2001 $4,564 $9,776 $5,015 $11,175
2000 $5,053 $9,376 $4,521 $10,721
1999 $4,934 $8,839 $4,416 $10,081
1998 $5,420 $8,850 $4,534 $9,521
1997 $5,742 $8,510 $4,137 $8,967
1996 $5,334 $7,895 $4,164 $8,310
1995 $5,081 $7,232 $3,701 $7,715
1994 $4,012 $6,476 $2,875 $7,040
1993 $3,541 $6,061 $2,497 $6,560
1992 $3,352 $5,563 $2,459 $6,193
1991 $2,798 $4,886 $2,236 $5,925
1990 $2,488 $4,444 $1,731 $6,185
1989 $2,278 - - -
1988 $2,014 - - -
1987 $1,767 - - -
1986 $1,525 - - -
1985 $1,447 - - -
1984 $1,636 - - -
1983 $1,715 - - -
1982 $1,663 - - -
1981 $3,012 - - -
1980 $2,571 - - -
1979 $1,962 - - -
1978 $1,465 - - -
1977 $1,297 - - -
1976 $971 - - -
1975 $732 - - -
1974 $1,579 - - -
1973 $1,667 - - -
1972 $1,185 - - -
1971 $1,099 - - -
1970 $941 - - -
1969 $874 - - -
1968 $766 - - -
1967 $764 - - -
1966 $790 - - -
1965 $686 - - -
1964 $686 - - -
1963 $658 - - -
1962 $679 - - -
1961 $594 - - -
1960 $516 - - -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/poland | CC BY

Chile's GDP per capita is $16,710, ranking 65/197, compared to $25,104 in Poland, ranking 48/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Chile ranks 63rd at $36,181, while Poland ranks 43rd at $51,263.

Economic indicators

Chile Poland
Gross domestic product
$330B
2024
$918B
2024
GDP rank
45/197
2024
21/197
2024
GDP growth
2.64%
2023-2024
3.03%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$16,710
2024
$25,104
2024
GDP per capita rank
65/197
2024
48/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$36,181
2024
$51,263
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
63/197
2024
43/197
2024
Government debt
$138B
2024
$507B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
41.7%
2024
55.3%
2024
Government debt per person
$6,960
2024
$13,874
2024
Government debt per person rank
68/185
2024
41/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$10,247
2026
$20,736
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$262B
2024
$197B
2024
Number of millionaires
81,274
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
6
2025
10
2025
Income share by richest 10%
34.5%
2022
22.9%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
2.3%
2022
3.3%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
26.7%
2024
49.4%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
4.3%
2023-2024
3.78%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
4.75%
2025
4%
2025
Unemployment rate
8.76%
2024
2.81%
2024
Population
19977856
35806942

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Chile
Spending

Debt
Poland
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Chile Poland
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 26.7% 41.7% 49.4% 55.3%
2023 27.4% 39.4% 46.9% 49.5%
2022 26.7% 37.9% 43.2% 48.8%
2021 33.6% 36.4% 43.6% 53%
2020 29.1% 32.4% 47.7% 56.6%
2019 26.5% 28.3% 41.4% 45.2%
2018 25.6% 25.8% 41% 48.2%
2017 25.5% 23.7% 41.1% 50.4%
2016 25.4% 21.1% 41.1% 54.1%
2015 25% 17.4% 41.5% 51.1%
2014 23.9% 15% 42.7% 51.1%
2013 23.1% 12.8% 43.2% 56.9%
2012 23.1% 11.9% 43.2% 54.5%
2011 22.9% 11.1% 44.1% 54.8%
2010 23.5% 8.61% 46% 53.7%
2009 25% 5.84% 44.9% 49.7%
2008 21.8% 4.92% 44% 46.6%
2007 19.3% 3.9% 42.8% 44.4%
2006 18.7% 5.02% 44.3% 47.1%
2005 20.2% 7.04% 44.1% 46.5%
2004 20.8% 10.3% 43.3% 44.9%
2003 22.2% 12.6% 45.5% 46.4%
2002 23.2% 15% 45.1% 41.6%
2001 23.2% 14.3% 44.7% 37.2%
2000 22.9% 13.1% 43.1% 36.4%
1999 23.7% 13.3% 42.5% 39.4%
1998 21.9% 12.1% 44% 38.7%
1997 20.6% 12.8% 46.1% 42.7%
1996 20.6% 14.6% 50.7% 43.2%
1995 19.4% 17.2% 47.5% 48.7%
1994 20.6% 22.6% - 64.3%
1993 21.1% 28% - 83.9%
1992 20.8% 30.3% - 81.9%
1991 21.2% 37% - 76.9%
1990 20.9% 50.3% - 89.7%
1989 19.8% 51.9% - -
1988 21.3% 71.2% - -
1987 22.9% 81.6% - -
1986 26.6% 88.4% - -
1985 28.5% 79.8% - -
1984 30% 56.6% - -
1983 29.2% 45.5% - -
1982 30.1% 20.3% - -
1981 26.4% 14% - -
1980 23.8% 17.4% - -
1979 24.8% 23.2% 35.6% -
1978 29.4% 26% 35.8% -
1977 30% 16.5% 35.6% -
1976 30% 19.5% 34.8% -
1975 33.6% 28.4% 34.1% -
1974 32.3% 18.8% 28.6% -
1973 30.8% 11.1% 24.5% -
1972 35% 10.1% 24.1% -
1971 27.2% 20% 24.1% -
1970 21.1% 26.3% 25.8% -
1969 18.7% 21.5% 26.3% -
1968 19.3% 17.9% 27.3% -
1967 19.1% 14.9% 29.6% -
1966 20.5% 12.6% 31.7% -
1965 20.5% 12.6% 31.8% -
1964 17.8% 9.6% 33.5% -
1963 18.9% 9.23% 33.3% -
1962 21.3% 6.99% 43% -
1961 19.5% 7.97% 42.8% -
1960 19.7% 7.02% 39.2% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1994, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/poland | CC BY

In 2024, Chile's government spending was $88.3B, accounting for 26.7% of its GDP, while Poland spent $453B, or 49.4% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 41.7% in Chile and 55.3% in Poland, ranking 129/185 and 95/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Chile

Poland
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Chile Poland
2024 -2.82% -6.59%
2023 -2.27% -5.27%
2022 1.36% -3.44%
2021 -7.53% -1.75%
2020 -7.1% -6.85%
2019 -2.73% -0.73%
2018 -1.48% -0.24%
2017 -2.63% -1.49%
2016 -2.66% -2.38%
2015 -2.09% -2.59%
2014 -1.5% -3.66%
2013 -0.47% -4.25%
2012 0.68% -3.8%
2011 1.43% -4.97%
2010 -0.36% -7.43%
2009 -4.26% -7.24%
2008 3.93% -3.6%
2007 7.95% -1.88%
2006 7.51% -3.53%
2005 4.57% -3.93%
2004 2.05% -4.99%
2003 -0.42% -6.02%
2002 -1.17% -4.8%
2001 -0.49% -4.73%
2000 -0.69% -4%
1999 -2.02% -2.3%
1998 0.39% -4.25%
1997 2.04% -4.61%
1996 2.07% -4.84%
1995 3.09% -4.39%
1994 1.43% -
1993 1.41% -
1992 2.09% -
1991 1.54% -
1990 2.24% -
1989 5.31% -
1988 4.07% -
1987 2.36% -
1986 -0.92% -
1985 -2.22% -
1984 -2.95% -
1983 -2.67% -
1982 -1.02% -
1981 2.56% -
1980 5.41% -
1979 4.82% -
1978 -0.11% -
1977 -1.11% -
1976 -0.48% -
1975 -0.41% -
1974 -5.79% -
1973 -7.32% -
1972 -12.7% -
1971 -7.98% -
1970 -1.22% -
1969 0.6% -
1968 -0.79% -
1967 -0.64% -
1966 -1.88% -
1965 -1.64% -
1964 -2.24% -
1963 -3.29% -
1962 -4.31% -
1961 -2.89% -
1960 -3.14% -
1959 1.56% -
1958 -0.1% -
1957 -0.71% -
1956 -1.3% -
1955 -2.79% -
1954 -2.84% -
1953 -4.05% -
1952 -1.82% -
1951 -0.71% -
1950 -0.92% -
1949 1.71% -
1948 2.56% -
1947 -0.2% -
1946 0.12% -
1945 0.73% -
1944 0.25% -
1943 0.81% -
1942 1.51% -
1941 1.9% -
1940 2.64% -
1939 1.74% -
1938 1.25% -
1937 1.42% -
1936 2.62% -
1935 4.23% -
1934 2.42% -
1933 1.76% -
1932 -0.32% -
1931 -2.73% -
1930 1.47% -
1929 1.89% -
1928 4.11% -
1927 -0.17% -
1926 -3.23% -
1925 2.44% -
1924 3.68% -
1923 2.87% -
1922 -0.23% -
1921 -0.57% -
1920 -1.8% -
1919 -2.53% -
1918 0.71% -
1917 0.49% -
1916 0.98% -
1915 -2.13% -
1914 -2.67% -
1913 -2.23% -
1912 -3.29% -
1911 -3.32% -
1910 -3.17% -
1909 -2.26% -
1908 -0.84% -
1907 -2.39% -
1906 -2.8% -
1905 -1.31% -
1904 -1.6% -
1903 -1.35% -
1902 -3.65% -
1901 -3.93% -
1900 -1.89% -
1899 -0.78% -
1898 -3.84% -
1897 -1.78% -
1896 -5.36% -
1895 -2.31% -
1894 0.82% -
1893 -0.59% -
1892 -1.33% -
1891 -6.72% -
1890 -3.65% -
1889 -2.71% -
1888 -0.58% -
1887 -4% -
1886 -5.17% -
1885 -2.46% -
1884 -3.23% -
1883 -3.57% -
1882 -2.86% -
1881 -1.83% -
1880 -2% -
1879 -4.34% -
1878 -2.27% -
1877 -3.88% -
1876 -3.17% -
1875 -3.73% -
1874 -4.75% -
1873 -1.94% -
1872 -1.78% -
1871 -2.38% -
1870 -1.83% -
1869 -1.07% -
1868 -2.85% -
1867 -4.31% -
1866 -5.72% -
1865 -1.95% -
1864 -1.07% -
1863 -0.26% -
1862 -0.13% -
1861 -0.5% -
1860 -0.07% -
1859 -1.6% -
1858 -1.37% -
1857 -0.3% -
1856 0.11% -
1855 0.1% -
1854 -0.2% -
1853 0.27% -
1852 0.68% -
1851 -0.39% -
1850 0.35% -
1849 0.6% -
1848 -0.25% -
1847 0.04% -
1846 0.36% -
1845 -0.21% -
1844 0.48% -
1843 0.69% -
1842 1.1% -
1841 0.31% -
1840 0.34% -
1839 0.25% -
1838 -0.21% -
1837 -0.05% -
1836 -0.17% -
1835 -0.58% -
1834 -0.39% -
1833 -0.45% -
1832 -0.57% -
1831 -0.77% -
1830 -0.51% -
1829 -0.06% -
1828 -0.3% -
1827 0.07% -
1826 -0.08% -
1825 0.05% -
1824 -0.37% -
1823 0.98% -
1822 1.28% -
1821 -0.19% -
1820 0.64% -
1819 0.16% -
1818 1.52% -
1817 0.94% -
1816 1.21% -
1815 1.53% -
1814 1.91% -
1813 2.34% -
1812 2.79% -
1811 3.24% -
1810 3.64% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/poland | CC BY

In 2024, Chile's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $9.3B, equivalent to 2.82% of GDP. This compares to Poland's deficit of $60.4B, or 6.59% of GDP.

Over the past 30 years, Chile recorded a fiscal deficit in 18 of those years, while Poland ran a deficit in 30 years. On average, Chile posted an annual deficit equal to 0.19% of GDP, compared to deficit of 4.02% of GDP for Poland.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Chile

Poland
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Chile Poland
2024 4.3% 3.78%
2023 7.58% 11.5%
2022 11.6% 14.4%
2021 4.52% 5.06%
2020 3.05% 3.37%
2019 2.56% 2.23%
2018 2.43% 1.81%
2017 2.18% 2.08%
2016 3.79% -0.66%
2015 4.35% -0.87%
2014 4.72% 0.05%
2013 1.79% 0.99%
2012 3.01% 3.56%
2011 3.34% 4.24%
2010 1.41% 2.58%
2009 0.35% 3.8%
2008 8.72% 4.16%
2007 4.41% 2.46%
2006 3.39% 1.28%
2005 3.05% 2.18%
2004 1.05% 3.38%
2003 2.81% 0.68%
2002 2.49% 1.91%
2001 3.57% 5.41%
2000 3.84% 9.9%
1999 3.34% 7.15%
1998 5.11% 11.6%
1997 6.13% 14.9%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/poland | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Chile has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 3.89%, compared with 4.39% in Poland. In 2024, inflation was 4.3% in Chile and 3.78% in Poland.

Top exports between countries

Chile
Export category Export value
Raw agricultural goods $54.5M
Animal & marine products $44.7M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $14.3M
Raw materials & minerals $11.7M
Metals $7.84M
Machinery & equipment $5.6M
Wood & paper products $1.62M
Miscellaneous $1.2M
Chemicals & pharma $81K
Textiles & consumer goods $70K
Poland
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $94.1M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $53.3M
Chemicals & pharma $31.8M
Textiles & consumer goods $19.4M
Raw materials & minerals $15.9M
Business & finance services $14.4M
Wood & paper products $12.3M
Raw agricultural goods $9.02M
Metals $5.93M
Animal & marine products $2.13M

Balance of trade

Chile Poland
Current account balance
-$4.85B
2024
$2.8B
2024
Current account balance ranking
166/190
2024
40/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.47%
2024
+0.3%
2024
Goods imports
$78.1B
2024
$367B
2024
Goods exports
$99.2B
2024
$361B
2024
Service imports
$21.1B
2024
$74.9B
2024
Service exports
$12B
2024
$118B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
30.1%
2024
48.2%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
33.7%
2024
52.2%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Chile Poland
Economic freedom 74.3 68.5
Economic freedom ranking 20/197 46/197
Property rights 69.7 71.8
Government integrity 67.8 60.7
Judicial effectiveness 90.3 62.5
Tax burden 72.5 72.7
Government spending 78.2 35.1
Fiscal health 94.1 74.8
Business freedom 78.5 77.5
Labor freedom 56.8 53.7
Monetary freedom 75.1 73.8
Trade freedom 78 79.4
Investment freedom 60 80
Financial freedom 70 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Chile
Poland
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Chile Poland
2026 74.3 68.5
2025 73.2 67.1
2024 71.4 66
2023 71.1 67.7
2022 74.4 68.7
2021 75.2 69.7
2020 76.8 69.1
2019 75.4 67.8
2018 75.2 68.5
2017 76.5 68.3
2016 77.7 69.3
2015 78.5 68.6
2014 78.7 67
2013 79 66
2012 78.3 64.2
2011 77.4 64.1
2010 77.2 63.2
2009 78.3 60.3
2008 78.6 60.3
2007 77.7 58.1
2006 78 59.3
2005 77.8 59.6
2004 76.9 58.7
2003 76 61.8
2002 77.8 65
2001 75.1 61.8
2000 74.7 60
1999 74.1 59.6
1998 74.9 59.2
1997 75.9 56.8
1996 72.6 57.8
1995 71.2 50.7

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/poland | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Chile is 74.3, ranking 20/197, compared to 68.5 for Poland, ranking 46/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Chile Poland
Services, % of GDP
56.1%
2024
59.1%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
30.1%
2024
27.2%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
3.91%
2024
2.54%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$311B
2024
$789B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$34,320
2024
$49,540
2024
Total reserves including gold
$44.4B
2024
$223B
2024
Total reserves ranking
45/177
2024
17/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$8.93B
2024
-$10.6B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$12.5B
2024
$20.6B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$3.59B
2024
$10B
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
6.5%
2022
13.3%
2024
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.2%
2024
17.8%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1994, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2023–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.