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Economy of Chile vs Moldova compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Chile has a GDP of $330B compared to $18.2B for Moldova, ranking 45/197 and 134/197 by economy size, respectively.

Chile has $138B in government debt (41.7% of GDP), compared to $7.06B (38.8% of GDP) in Moldova.

Chile vs Moldova GDP by year

Chile
Moldova
1x
Year GDP, current $
Chile Moldova
2024 $330,267,137,372 $18,200,340,854
2023 $335,518,054,098 $16,711,906,746
2022 $301,226,575,540 $14,525,337,524
2021 $315,325,547,162 $13,691,869,264
2020 $254,042,159,309 $11,530,746,234
2019 $278,285,058,719 $11,736,797,055
2018 $295,857,562,992 $11,252,353,421
2017 $276,154,259,981 $9,514,404,016
2016 $249,344,863,928 $7,980,917,076
2015 $242,450,355,831 $7,797,667,197
2014 $259,560,978,224 $9,402,090,138
2013 $277,395,018,842 $9,496,717,876
2012 $267,024,782,487 $8,709,138,635
2011 $251,382,573,894 $8,414,352,020
2010 $217,051,209,239 $6,974,982,370
2009 $171,777,900,624 $5,439,434,272
2008 $179,894,594,475 $6,054,824,248
2007 $172,491,076,034 $4,401,173,152
2006 $153,843,518,171 $3,408,255,451
2005 $122,294,145,163 $2,988,342,907
2004 $99,075,985,774 $2,598,249,556
2003 $76,492,579,644 $1,980,907,435
2002 $70,264,045,939 $1,661,818,168
2001 $71,574,739,561 $1,480,673,594
2000 $78,339,750,721 $1,288,429,392
1999 $75,578,685,736 $1,170,782,957
1998 $81,990,010,704 $1,698,717,505
1997 $85,741,415,285 $1,930,081,169
1996 $78,584,098,984 $1,695,122,174
1995 $73,820,425,702 $1,752,999,370
1994 $57,438,273,591 $1,702,314,268
1993 $49,934,943,321 $2,371,813,324
1992 $46,538,895,686 $2,319,243,436
1991 $38,232,330,917 $3,094,565,871
1990 $33,428,580,448 $3,592,857,043
1989 $30,101,767,991 -
1988 $26,174,858,614 -
1987 $22,605,488,851 -
1986 $19,197,818,085 -
1985 $17,933,557,360 -
1984 $19,974,595,028 -
1983 $20,629,678,694 -
1982 $19,710,229,067 -
1981 $35,180,322,211 -
1980 $29,586,676,576 -
1979 $22,249,574,628 -
1978 $16,373,093,554 -
1977 $14,272,711,437 -
1976 $10,523,479,089 -
1975 $7,812,161,793 -
1974 $16,584,311,220 -
1973 $17,237,336,173 -
1972 $12,057,501,635 -
1971 $10,999,807,567 -
1970 $9,261,006,540 -
1969 $8,456,519,044 -
1968 $7,286,820,526 -
1967 $7,145,068,068 -
1966 $7,256,882,086 -
1965 $6,183,988,944 -
1964 $6,065,708,668 -
1963 $5,702,520,146 -
1962 $5,765,971,144 -
1961 $4,948,564,551 -
1960 $4,211,103,677 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/moldova | CC BY

GDP per capita in Chile vs Moldova by year

Chile
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Moldova
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Chile Moldova
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $16,710 $36,181 $7,576 $18,615
2023 $17,067 $33,145 $6,800 $17,747
2022 $15,406 $30,932 $5,744 $16,453
2021 $16,207 $29,090 $5,275 $15,682
2020 $13,115 $25,351 $4,376 $13,527
2019 $14,496 $25,612 $4,405 $13,413
2018 $15,659 $25,305 $4,156 $11,868
2017 $14,880 $24,295 $3,453 $11,252
2016 $13,650 $23,257 $2,847 $10,326
2015 $13,434 $22,468 $2,750 $9,198
2014 $14,530 $22,554 $3,290 $8,643
2013 $15,684 $22,201 $3,321 $8,233
2012 $15,242 $21,366 $3,045 $7,255
2011 $14,487 $20,122 $2,941 $6,833
2010 $12,633 $17,918 $2,437 $6,323
2009 $10,099 $15,951 $1,898 $5,827
2008 $10,683 $16,376 $2,111 $6,153
2007 $10,346 $16,698 $1,531 $5,590
2006 $9,319 $15,511 $1,183 $5,271
2005 $7,480 $12,550 $1,034 $4,866
2004 $6,121 $11,612 $897 $4,378
2003 $4,773 $10,708 $682 $3,960
2002 $4,431 $10,133 $571 $3,633
2001 $4,564 $9,776 $507 $3,311
2000 $5,053 $9,376 $441 $3,045
1999 $4,934 $8,839 $399 $2,910
1998 $5,420 $8,850 $579 $2,965
1997 $5,742 $8,510 $657 $3,136
1996 $5,334 $7,895 $575 $3,021
1995 $5,081 $7,232 $594 $3,146
1994 $4,012 $6,476 $574 $3,111
1993 $3,541 $6,061 $797 $4,394
1992 $3,352 $5,563 $778 $4,337
1991 $2,798 $4,886 $1,038 $5,980
1990 $2,488 $4,444 $1,207 $6,895
1989 $2,278 - - -
1988 $2,014 - - -
1987 $1,767 - - -
1986 $1,525 - - -
1985 $1,447 - - -
1984 $1,636 - - -
1983 $1,715 - - -
1982 $1,663 - - -
1981 $3,012 - - -
1980 $2,571 - - -
1979 $1,962 - - -
1978 $1,465 - - -
1977 $1,297 - - -
1976 $971 - - -
1975 $732 - - -
1974 $1,579 - - -
1973 $1,667 - - -
1972 $1,185 - - -
1971 $1,099 - - -
1970 $941 - - -
1969 $874 - - -
1968 $766 - - -
1967 $764 - - -
1966 $790 - - -
1965 $686 - - -
1964 $686 - - -
1963 $658 - - -
1962 $679 - - -
1961 $594 - - -
1960 $516 - - -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/moldova | CC BY

Chile's GDP per capita is $16,710, ranking 65/197, compared to $7,576 in Moldova, ranking 99/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Chile ranks 63rd at $36,181, while Moldova ranks 100th at $18,615.

Economic indicators

Chile Moldova
Gross domestic product
$330B
2024
$18.2B
2024
GDP rank
45/197
2024
134/197
2024
GDP growth
2.64%
2023-2024
0.1%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$16,710
2024
$7,576
2024
GDP per capita rank
65/197
2024
99/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$36,181
2024
$18,615
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
63/197
2024
100/197
2024
Government debt
$138B
2024
$7.06B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
41.7%
2024
38.8%
2024
Government debt per person
$6,960
2024
$2,938
2024
Government debt per person rank
68/185
2024
102/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$10,247
2026
$4,291
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$262B
2024
n/a
Number of millionaires
81,274
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
6
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
34.5%
2022
22.8%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
2.3%
2022
4.3%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
26.7%
2024
38%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
4.3%
2023-2024
4.68%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
4.75%
2025
6%
2025
Unemployment rate
8.76%
2024
1.43%
2024
Population
19977856
2341166

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Chile
Spending

Debt
Moldova
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Chile Moldova
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 26.7% 41.7% 38% 38.8%
2023 27.4% 39.4% 38.8% 34.9%
2022 26.7% 37.9% 36.6% 35%
2021 33.6% 36.4% 34.6% 33.6%
2020 29.1% 32.4% 36.7% 36.6%
2019 26.5% 28.3% 32% 28.8%
2018 25.6% 25.8% 31.5% 31.8%
2017 25.5% 23.7% 31% 34.9%
2016 25.4% 21.1% 30.5% 39.7%
2015 25% 17.4% 31.7% 42.1%
2014 23.9% 15% 33.8% 35.4%
2013 23.1% 12.8% 32.4% 30%
2012 23.1% 11.9% 33.7% 31.3%
2011 22.9% 11.1% 32.6% 24.2%
2010 23.5% 8.61% 34.1% 25.5%
2009 25% 5.84% 45.3% 32.6%
2008 21.8% 4.92% 41.5% 22.2%
2007 19.3% 3.9% 42.7% 28.3%
2006 18.7% 5.02% 40.3% 35%
2005 20.2% 7.04% 37.1% 40.4%
2004 20.8% 10.3% 34.8% 49.3%
2003 22.2% 12.6% 33.5% 68.1%
2002 23.2% 15% 30.7% 80.3%
2001 23.2% 14.3% 29.5% 85.4%
2000 22.9% 13.1% 34% 89.1%
1999 23.7% 13.3% 33% 150.7%
1998 21.9% 12.1% 39.1% 159.4%
1997 20.6% 12.8% 46% 89%
1996 20.6% 14.6% 43.3% 87.5%
1995 19.4% 17.2% 42% 79.5%
1994 20.6% 22.6% - -
1993 21.1% 28% - -
1992 20.8% 30.3% - -
1991 21.2% 37% - -
1990 20.9% 50.3% - -
1989 19.8% 51.9% - -
1988 21.3% 71.2% - -
1987 22.9% 81.6% - -
1986 26.6% 88.4% - -
1985 28.5% 79.8% - -
1984 30% 56.6% - -
1983 29.2% 45.5% - -
1982 30.1% 20.3% - -
1981 26.4% 14% - -
1980 23.8% 17.4% - -
1979 24.8% 23.2% - -
1978 29.4% 26% - -
1977 30% 16.5% - -
1976 30% 19.5% - -
1975 33.6% 28.4% - -
1974 32.3% 18.8% - -
1973 30.8% 11.1% - -
1972 35% 10.1% - -
1971 27.2% 20% - -
1970 21.1% 26.3% - -
1969 18.7% 21.5% - -
1968 19.3% 17.9% - -
1967 19.1% 14.9% - -
1966 20.5% 12.6% - -
1965 20.5% 12.6% - -
1964 17.8% 9.6% - -
1963 18.9% 9.23% - -
1962 21.3% 6.99% - -
1961 19.5% 7.97% - -
1960 19.7% 7.02% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1990, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/moldova | CC BY

In 2024, Chile's government spending was $88.3B, accounting for 26.7% of its GDP, while Moldova spent $6.91B, or 38% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 41.7% in Chile and 38.8% in Moldova, ranking 129/185 and 137/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Chile

Moldova
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Chile Moldova
2024 -2.82% -3.88%
2023 -2.27% -5.13%
2022 1.36% -3.24%
2021 -7.53% -2.62%
2020 -7.1% -5.32%
2019 -2.73% -1.47%
2018 -1.48% -0.85%
2017 -2.63% -0.65%
2016 -2.66% -1.56%
2015 -2.09% -1.93%
2014 -1.5% -1.6%
2013 -0.47% -1.57%
2012 0.68% -1.93%
2011 1.43% -2.05%
2010 -0.36% -2.18%
2009 -4.26% -6.38%
2008 3.93% -0.87%
2007 7.95% 0.15%
2006 7.51% -0.42%
2005 4.57% 1.44%
2004 2.05% 0.59%
2003 -0.42% 0.47%
2002 -1.17% -1.18%
2001 -0.49% -0.34%
2000 -0.69% -3.55%
1999 -2.02% -2.64%
1998 0.39% -1.52%
1997 2.04% -7.47%
1996 2.07% -7.42%
1995 3.09% -2.58%
1994 1.43% -
1993 1.41% -
1992 2.09% -
1991 1.54% -
1990 2.24% -
1989 5.31% -
1988 4.07% -
1987 2.36% -
1986 -0.92% -
1985 -2.22% -
1984 -2.95% -
1983 -2.67% -
1982 -1.02% -
1981 2.56% -
1980 5.41% -
1979 4.82% -
1978 -0.11% -
1977 -1.11% -
1976 -0.48% -
1975 -0.41% -
1974 -5.79% -
1973 -7.32% -
1972 -12.7% -
1971 -7.98% -
1970 -1.22% -
1969 0.6% -
1968 -0.79% -
1967 -0.64% -
1966 -1.88% -
1965 -1.64% -
1964 -2.24% -
1963 -3.29% -
1962 -4.31% -
1961 -2.89% -
1960 -3.14% -
1959 1.56% -
1958 -0.1% -
1957 -0.71% -
1956 -1.3% -
1955 -2.79% -
1954 -2.84% -
1953 -4.05% -
1952 -1.82% -
1951 -0.71% -
1950 -0.92% -
1949 1.71% -
1948 2.56% -
1947 -0.2% -
1946 0.12% -
1945 0.73% -
1944 0.25% -
1943 0.81% -
1942 1.51% -
1941 1.9% -
1940 2.64% -
1939 1.74% -
1938 1.25% -
1937 1.42% -
1936 2.62% -
1935 4.23% -
1934 2.42% -
1933 1.76% -
1932 -0.32% -
1931 -2.73% -
1930 1.47% -
1929 1.89% -
1928 4.11% -
1927 -0.17% -
1926 -3.23% -
1925 2.44% -
1924 3.68% -
1923 2.87% -
1922 -0.23% -
1921 -0.57% -
1920 -1.8% -
1919 -2.53% -
1918 0.71% -
1917 0.49% -
1916 0.98% -
1915 -2.13% -
1914 -2.67% -
1913 -2.23% -
1912 -3.29% -
1911 -3.32% -
1910 -3.17% -
1909 -2.26% -
1908 -0.84% -
1907 -2.39% -
1906 -2.8% -
1905 -1.31% -
1904 -1.6% -
1903 -1.35% -
1902 -3.65% -
1901 -3.93% -
1900 -1.89% -
1899 -0.78% -
1898 -3.84% -
1897 -1.78% -
1896 -5.36% -
1895 -2.31% -
1894 0.82% -
1893 -0.59% -
1892 -1.33% -
1891 -6.72% -
1890 -3.65% -
1889 -2.71% -
1888 -0.58% -
1887 -4% -
1886 -5.17% -
1885 -2.46% -
1884 -3.23% -
1883 -3.57% -
1882 -2.86% -
1881 -1.83% -
1880 -2% -
1879 -4.34% -
1878 -2.27% -
1877 -3.88% -
1876 -3.17% -
1875 -3.73% -
1874 -4.75% -
1873 -1.94% -
1872 -1.78% -
1871 -2.38% -
1870 -1.83% -
1869 -1.07% -
1868 -2.85% -
1867 -4.31% -
1866 -5.72% -
1865 -1.95% -
1864 -1.07% -
1863 -0.26% -
1862 -0.13% -
1861 -0.5% -
1860 -0.07% -
1859 -1.6% -
1858 -1.37% -
1857 -0.3% -
1856 0.11% -
1855 0.1% -
1854 -0.2% -
1853 0.27% -
1852 0.68% -
1851 -0.39% -
1850 0.35% -
1849 0.6% -
1848 -0.25% -
1847 0.04% -
1846 0.36% -
1845 -0.21% -
1844 0.48% -
1843 0.69% -
1842 1.1% -
1841 0.31% -
1840 0.34% -
1839 0.25% -
1838 -0.21% -
1837 -0.05% -
1836 -0.17% -
1835 -0.58% -
1834 -0.39% -
1833 -0.45% -
1832 -0.57% -
1831 -0.77% -
1830 -0.51% -
1829 -0.06% -
1828 -0.3% -
1827 0.07% -
1826 -0.08% -
1825 0.05% -
1824 -0.37% -
1823 0.98% -
1822 1.28% -
1821 -0.19% -
1820 0.64% -
1819 0.16% -
1818 1.52% -
1817 0.94% -
1816 1.21% -
1815 1.53% -
1814 1.91% -
1813 2.34% -
1812 2.79% -
1811 3.24% -
1810 3.64% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/moldova | CC BY

In 2024, Chile's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $9.3B, equivalent to 2.82% of GDP. This compares to Moldova's deficit of $707M, or 3.88% of GDP.

Over the past 30 years, Chile recorded a fiscal deficit in 18 of those years, while Moldova ran a deficit in 26 years. On average, Chile posted an annual deficit equal to 0.19% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.26% of GDP for Moldova.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Chile

Moldova
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Chile Moldova
2024 4.3% 4.68%
2023 7.58% 13.4%
2022 11.6% 28.7%
2021 4.52% 5.11%
2020 3.05% 3.77%
2019 2.56% 4.84%
2018 2.43% 3.05%
2017 2.18% 6.57%
2016 3.79% 6.36%
2015 4.35% 9.68%
2014 4.72% 5.09%
2013 1.79% 4.6%
2012 3.01% 4.55%
2011 3.34% 7.69%
2010 1.41% 7.48%
2009 0.35% -0.06%
2008 8.72% 12.8%
2007 4.41% 12.4%
2006 3.39% 12.8%
2005 3.05% 12%
2004 1.05% 12.5%
2003 2.81% 11.7%
2002 2.49% 5.3%
2001 3.57% 9.76%
2000 3.84% 31.3%
1999 3.34% 39.3%
1998 5.11% 7.7%
1997 6.13% 11.8%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/moldova | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Chile has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 3.89%, compared with 10.5% in Moldova. In 2024, inflation was 4.3% in Chile and 4.68% in Moldova.

Top exports between countries

Chile
Export category Export value
Animal & marine products $748K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $176K
Chemicals & pharma $102K
Raw agricultural goods $89K
Machinery & equipment $60K
Wood & paper products $24K
Moldova
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $141K
Textiles & consumer goods $109K
Chemicals & pharma $11K
Raw agricultural goods $1K

Balance of trade

Chile Moldova
Current account balance
-$4.85B
2024
-$3.01B
2024
Current account balance ranking
166/190
2024
156/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.47%
2024
-16.6%
2024
Goods imports
$78.1B
2024
$8.63B
2024
Goods exports
$99.2B
2024
$3.01B
2024
Service imports
$21.1B
2024
$1.8B
2024
Service exports
$12B
2024
$2.73B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
30.1%
2024
57.3%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
33.7%
2024
31.4%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Chile Moldova
Economic freedom 74.3 58.1
Economic freedom ranking 20/197 112/197
Property rights 69.7 40.4
Government integrity 67.8 45.1
Judicial effectiveness 90.3 32.4
Tax burden 72.5 87.9
Government spending 78.2 57.2
Fiscal health 94.1 70.3
Business freedom 78.5 68.3
Labor freedom 56.8 48.1
Monetary freedom 75.1 66
Trade freedom 78 76.8
Investment freedom 60 55
Financial freedom 70 50

Economic freedom comparison by year

Chile
Moldova
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Chile Moldova
2026 74.3 58.1
2025 73.2 58.3
2024 71.4 57.1
2023 71.1 58.5
2022 74.4 61.3
2021 75.2 62.5
2020 76.8 62
2019 75.4 59.1
2018 75.2 58.4
2017 76.5 58
2016 77.7 57.4
2015 78.5 57.5
2014 78.7 57.3
2013 79 55.5
2012 78.3 54.4
2011 77.4 55.7
2010 77.2 53.7
2009 78.3 54.9
2008 78.6 57.9
2007 77.7 58.7
2006 78 58
2005 77.8 57.4
2004 76.9 57.1
2003 76 60
2002 77.8 57.4
2001 75.1 54.9
2000 74.7 59.6
1999 74.1 56.1
1998 74.9 53.5
1997 75.9 48.9
1996 72.6 52.5
1995 71.2 33

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/moldova | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Chile is 74.3, ranking 20/197, compared to 58.1 for Moldova, ranking 112/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Chile Moldova
Services, % of GDP
56.1%
2024
62.3%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
30.1%
2024
16.8%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
3.91%
2024
7.11%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$311B
2024
$16.5B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$34,320
2024
$18,710
2024
Total reserves including gold
$44.4B
2024
$5.48B
2024
Total reserves ranking
45/177
2024
96/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$8.93B
2024
-$360M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$12.5B
2024
$458M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$3.59B
2024
$98.4M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
6.22%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
6.5%
2022
31.6%
2023
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.2%
2024
21.1%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1990, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2022–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.