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Economy of Chile vs Luxembourg compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Chile has a GDP of $330B compared to $93.3B for Luxembourg, ranking 45/197 and 74/197 by economy size, respectively.

Chile has $138B in government debt (41.7% of GDP), compared to $24.5B (26.3% of GDP) in Luxembourg.

Chile vs Luxembourg GDP by year

Chile
Luxembourg
1x
Year GDP, current $
Chile Luxembourg
2024 $330,267,137,372 $93,279,851,863
2023 $335,518,054,098 $88,788,881,539
2022 $301,226,575,540 $80,801,680,397
2021 $315,325,547,162 $86,386,759,695
2020 $254,042,159,309 $73,670,782,100
2019 $278,285,058,719 $69,872,035,114
2018 $295,857,562,992 $71,085,623,495
2017 $276,154,259,981 $65,712,180,343
2016 $249,344,863,928 $62,216,885,436
2015 $242,450,355,831 $60,071,584,216
2014 $259,560,978,224 $68,804,811,898
2013 $277,395,018,842 $65,203,276,467
2012 $267,024,782,487 $59,776,383,527
2011 $251,382,573,894 $61,696,281,326
2010 $217,051,209,239 $56,213,985,987
2009 $171,777,900,624 $54,467,289,898
2008 $179,894,594,475 $58,844,277,702
2007 $172,491,076,034 $51,587,401,416
2006 $153,843,518,171 $42,910,146,296
2005 $122,294,145,163 $37,672,280,120
2004 $99,075,985,774 $35,064,843,793
2003 $76,492,579,644 $29,667,268,248
2002 $70,264,045,939 $23,649,833,332
2001 $71,574,739,561 $21,387,533,703
2000 $78,339,750,721 $21,230,182,989
1999 $75,578,685,736 $21,899,317,599
1998 $81,990,010,704 $20,150,053,345
1997 $85,741,415,285 $19,563,836,265
1996 $78,584,098,984 $20,895,314,658
1995 $73,820,425,702 $20,853,093,870
1994 $57,438,273,591 $17,701,798,891
1993 $49,934,943,321 $15,925,521,222
1992 $46,538,895,686 $15,518,702,635
1991 $38,232,330,917 $13,834,219,728
1990 $33,428,580,448 $12,778,792,854
1989 $30,101,767,991 $10,037,674,038
1988 $26,174,858,614 $9,418,167,855
1987 $22,605,488,851 $8,320,902,215
1986 $19,197,818,085 $6,685,595,088
1985 $17,933,557,360 $4,577,211,767
1984 $19,974,595,028 $4,438,435,493
1983 $20,629,678,694 $4,524,217,751
1982 $19,710,229,067 $4,602,316,793
1981 $35,180,322,211 $5,053,665,797
1980 $29,586,676,576 $6,019,805,490
1979 $22,249,574,628 $5,516,982,664
1978 $16,373,093,554 $4,718,539,772
1977 $14,272,711,437 $3,789,321,328
1976 $10,523,479,089 $3,423,586,207
1975 $7,812,161,793 $3,123,333,333
1974 $16,584,311,220 $3,183,637,117
1973 $17,237,336,173 $2,609,875,802
1972 $12,057,501,635 $1,901,697,370
1971 $10,999,807,567 $1,518,773,421
1970 $9,261,006,540 $1,457,768,455
1969 $8,456,519,044 $1,245,432,991
1968 $7,286,820,526 $1,075,561,623
1967 $7,145,068,068 $983,052,315
1966 $7,256,882,086 $976,717,015
1965 $6,183,988,944 $929,477,285
1964 $6,065,708,668 $910,877,686
1963 $5,702,520,146 $797,902,154
1962 $5,765,971,144 $747,846,862
1961 $4,948,564,551 $710,163,719
1960 $4,211,103,677 $709,941,874

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/luxembourg | CC BY

GDP per capita in Chile vs Luxembourg by year

Chile
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Luxembourg
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Chile Luxembourg
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $16,710 $36,181 $137,782 $155,941
2023 $17,067 $33,145 $133,231 $150,508
2022 $15,406 $30,932 $123,720 $146,919
2021 $16,207 $29,090 $134,966 $136,772
2020 $13,115 $25,351 $116,860 $122,067
2019 $14,496 $25,612 $112,697 $121,372
2018 $15,659 $25,305 $116,927 $116,638
2017 $14,880 $24,295 $110,193 $114,986
2016 $13,650 $23,257 $106,899 $113,365
2015 $13,434 $22,468 $105,462 $107,860
2014 $14,530 $22,554 $123,679 $105,296
2013 $15,684 $22,201 $120,000 $100,925
2012 $15,242 $21,366 $112,585 $96,636
2011 $14,487 $20,122 $119,025 $94,475
2010 $12,633 $17,918 $110,886 $90,336
2009 $10,099 $15,951 $109,420 $86,919
2008 $10,683 $16,376 $120,422 $90,971
2007 $10,346 $16,698 $107,475 $85,126
2006 $9,319 $15,511 $90,789 $78,861
2005 $7,480 $12,550 $80,988 $68,788
2004 $6,121 $11,612 $76,545 $64,686
2003 $4,773 $10,708 $65,689 $60,192
2002 $4,431 $10,133 $53,006 $58,576
2001 $4,564 $9,776 $48,440 $56,136
2000 $5,053 $9,376 $48,660 $55,136
1999 $4,934 $8,839 $50,872 $49,845
1998 $5,420 $8,850 $47,445 $44,270
1997 $5,742 $8,510 $46,642 $42,488
1996 $5,334 $7,895 $50,444 $39,722
1995 $5,081 $7,232 $51,032 $38,345
1994 $4,012 $6,476 $43,933 $37,551
1993 $3,541 $6,061 $40,067 $35,899
1992 $3,352 $5,563 $39,571 $34,108
1991 $2,798 $4,886 $35,747 $33,191
1990 $2,488 $4,444 $33,465 $29,949
1989 $2,278 - $26,618 -
1988 $2,014 - $25,219 -
1987 $1,767 - $22,443 -
1986 $1,525 - $18,150 -
1985 $1,447 - $12,482 -
1984 $1,636 - $12,127 -
1983 $1,715 - $12,374 -
1982 $1,663 - $12,591 -
1981 $3,012 - $13,837 -
1980 $2,571 - $16,531 -
1979 $1,962 - $15,204 -
1978 $1,465 - $13,034 -
1977 $1,297 - $10,486 -
1976 $971 - $9,491 -
1975 $732 - $8,701 -
1974 $1,579 - $8,967 -
1973 $1,667 - $7,447 -
1972 $1,185 - $5,487 -
1971 $1,099 - $4,435 -
1970 $941 - $4,298 -
1969 $874 - $3,690 -
1968 $766 - $3,203 -
1967 $764 - $2,935 -
1966 $790 - $2,925 -
1965 $686 - $2,804 -
1964 $686 - $2,779 -
1963 $658 - $2,462 -
1962 $679 - $2,332 -
1961 $594 - $2,241 -
1960 $516 - $2,261 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/luxembourg | CC BY

Chile's GDP per capita is $16,710, ranking 65/197, compared to $137,782 in Luxembourg, ranking 3/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Chile ranks 63rd at $36,181, while Luxembourg ranks 1st at $155,941.

Economic indicators

Chile Luxembourg
Gross domestic product
$330B
2024
$93.3B
2024
GDP rank
45/197
2024
74/197
2024
GDP growth
2.64%
2023-2024
0.36%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$16,710
2024
$137,782
2024
GDP per capita rank
65/197
2024
3/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$36,181
2024
$155,941
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
63/197
2024
1/197
2024
Government debt
$138B
2024
$24.5B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
41.7%
2024
26.3%
2024
Government debt per person
$6,960
2024
$36,221
2024
Government debt per person rank
68/185
2024
19/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$10,247
2026
$69,593
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$262B
2024
$41.9B
2024
Number of millionaires
81,274
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
6
2025
1
2025
Income share by richest 10%
34.5%
2022
25%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
2.3%
2022
2.8%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
26.7%
2024
46.9%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
4.3%
2023-2024
2.05%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
4.75%
2025
n/a
Unemployment rate
8.76%
2024
6.42%
2024
Population
19977856
693885

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Chile
Spending

Debt
Luxembourg
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Chile Luxembourg
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 26.7% 41.7% 46.9% 26.3%
2023 27.4% 39.4% 46.4% 24.7%
2022 26.7% 37.9% 44.3% 24.9%
2021 33.6% 36.4% 42.4% 24.2%
2020 29.1% 32.4% 47% 24.5%
2019 26.5% 28.3% 43.1% 22.3%
2018 25.6% 25.8% 42.3% 20.9%
2017 25.5% 23.7% 41.3% 21.8%
2016 25.4% 21.1% 40% 19.6%
2015 25% 17.4% 40.4% 21.1%
2014 23.9% 15% 40.6% 21.9%
2013 23.1% 12.8% 41.2% 22.4%
2012 23.1% 11.9% 41.8% 20.8%
2011 22.9% 11.1% 41.5% 18.5%
2010 23.5% 8.61% 42% 19.1%
2009 25% 5.84% 42.7% 15.3%
2008 21.8% 4.92% 37.9% 14.6%
2007 19.3% 3.9% 37.4% 8.09%
2006 18.7% 5.02% 39.4% 8.21%
2005 20.2% 7.04% 43.4% 7.95%
2004 20.8% 10.3% 43.7% 7.83%
2003 22.2% 12.6% 43.3% 7.43%
2002 23.2% 15% 41.8% 7.45%
2001 23.2% 14.3% 38.1% 7.62%
2000 22.9% 13.1% 38% 7.49%
1999 23.7% 13.3% 41.7% 8.39%
1998 21.9% 12.1% 43.9% 9.51%
1997 20.6% 12.8% 44.2% 10.1%
1996 20.6% 14.6% 42.5% 10.2%
1995 19.4% 17.2% 42% 10.3%
1994 20.6% 22.6% - -
1993 21.1% 28% - -
1992 20.8% 30.3% - -
1991 21.2% 37% - -
1990 20.9% 50.3% - -
1989 19.8% 51.9% - -
1988 21.3% 71.2% - -
1987 22.9% 81.6% - -
1986 26.6% 88.4% - -
1985 28.5% 79.8% - -
1984 30% 56.6% - -
1983 29.2% 45.5% - -
1982 30.1% 20.3% - -
1981 26.4% 14% - -
1980 23.8% 17.4% - -
1979 24.8% 23.2% - -
1978 29.4% 26% - -
1977 30% 16.5% - -
1976 30% 19.5% - -
1975 33.6% 28.4% - -
1974 32.3% 18.8% - -
1973 30.8% 11.1% - -
1972 35% 10.1% - -
1971 27.2% 20% - -
1970 21.1% 26.3% - -
1969 18.7% 21.5% - -
1968 19.3% 17.9% - -
1967 19.1% 14.9% - -
1966 20.5% 12.6% - -
1965 20.5% 12.6% - -
1964 17.8% 9.6% - -
1963 18.9% 9.23% - -
1962 21.3% 6.99% - -
1961 19.5% 7.97% - -
1960 19.7% 7.02% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1990, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/luxembourg | CC BY

In 2024, Chile's government spending was $88.3B, accounting for 26.7% of its GDP, while Luxembourg spent $43.7B, or 46.9% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 41.7% in Chile and 26.3% in Luxembourg, ranking 129/185 and 162/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Chile

Luxembourg
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Chile Luxembourg
2024 -2.82% 1.03%
2023 -2.27% -0.78%
2022 1.36% 0.18%
2021 -7.53% 1%
2020 -7.1% -3.09%
2019 -2.73% 2.68%
2018 -1.48% 3.17%
2017 -2.63% 1.37%
2016 -2.66% 1.89%
2015 -2.09% 1.3%
2014 -1.5% 1.33%
2013 -0.47% 0.84%
2012 0.68% 0.5%
2011 1.43% 0.65%
2010 -0.36% -0.26%
2009 -4.26% -0.21%
2008 3.93% 3.37%
2007 7.95% 4.35%
2006 7.51% 1.9%
2005 4.57% -0.21%
2004 2.05% -1.39%
2003 -0.42% 0.28%
2002 -1.17% 2.03%
2001 -0.49% 5.62%
2000 -0.69% 5.55%
1999 -2.02% 3.24%
1998 0.39% 2.98%
1997 2.04% 2.65%
1996 2.07% 2.37%
1995 3.09% 2.71%
1994 1.43% -
1993 1.41% -
1992 2.09% -
1991 1.54% -
1990 2.24% -
1989 5.31% -
1988 4.07% -
1987 2.36% -
1986 -0.92% -
1985 -2.22% -
1984 -2.95% -
1983 -2.67% -
1982 -1.02% -
1981 2.56% -
1980 5.41% -
1979 4.82% -
1978 -0.11% -
1977 -1.11% -
1976 -0.48% -
1975 -0.41% -
1974 -5.79% -
1973 -7.32% -
1972 -12.7% -
1971 -7.98% -
1970 -1.22% -
1969 0.6% -
1968 -0.79% -
1967 -0.64% -
1966 -1.88% -
1965 -1.64% -
1964 -2.24% -
1963 -3.29% -
1962 -4.31% -
1961 -2.89% -
1960 -3.14% -
1959 1.56% -
1958 -0.1% -
1957 -0.71% -
1956 -1.3% -
1955 -2.79% -
1954 -2.84% -
1953 -4.05% -
1952 -1.82% -
1951 -0.71% -
1950 -0.92% -
1949 1.71% -
1948 2.56% -
1947 -0.2% -
1946 0.12% -
1945 0.73% -
1944 0.25% -
1943 0.81% -
1942 1.51% -
1941 1.9% -
1940 2.64% -
1939 1.74% -
1938 1.25% -
1937 1.42% -
1936 2.62% -
1935 4.23% -
1934 2.42% -
1933 1.76% -
1932 -0.32% -
1931 -2.73% -
1930 1.47% -
1929 1.89% -
1928 4.11% -
1927 -0.17% -
1926 -3.23% -
1925 2.44% -
1924 3.68% -
1923 2.87% -
1922 -0.23% -
1921 -0.57% -
1920 -1.8% -
1919 -2.53% -
1918 0.71% -
1917 0.49% -
1916 0.98% -
1915 -2.13% -
1914 -2.67% -
1913 -2.23% -
1912 -3.29% -
1911 -3.32% -
1910 -3.17% -
1909 -2.26% -
1908 -0.84% -
1907 -2.39% -
1906 -2.8% -
1905 -1.31% -
1904 -1.6% -
1903 -1.35% -
1902 -3.65% -
1901 -3.93% -
1900 -1.89% -
1899 -0.78% -
1898 -3.84% -
1897 -1.78% -
1896 -5.36% -
1895 -2.31% -
1894 0.82% -
1893 -0.59% -
1892 -1.33% -
1891 -6.72% -
1890 -3.65% -
1889 -2.71% -
1888 -0.58% -
1887 -4% -
1886 -5.17% -
1885 -2.46% -
1884 -3.23% -
1883 -3.57% -
1882 -2.86% -
1881 -1.83% -
1880 -2% -
1879 -4.34% -
1878 -2.27% -
1877 -3.88% -
1876 -3.17% -
1875 -3.73% -
1874 -4.75% -
1873 -1.94% -
1872 -1.78% -
1871 -2.38% -
1870 -1.83% -
1869 -1.07% -
1868 -2.85% -
1867 -4.31% -
1866 -5.72% -
1865 -1.95% -
1864 -1.07% -
1863 -0.26% -
1862 -0.13% -
1861 -0.5% -
1860 -0.07% -
1859 -1.6% -
1858 -1.37% -
1857 -0.3% -
1856 0.11% -
1855 0.1% -
1854 -0.2% -
1853 0.27% -
1852 0.68% -
1851 -0.39% -
1850 0.35% -
1849 0.6% -
1848 -0.25% -
1847 0.04% -
1846 0.36% -
1845 -0.21% -
1844 0.48% -
1843 0.69% -
1842 1.1% -
1841 0.31% -
1840 0.34% -
1839 0.25% -
1838 -0.21% -
1837 -0.05% -
1836 -0.17% -
1835 -0.58% -
1834 -0.39% -
1833 -0.45% -
1832 -0.57% -
1831 -0.77% -
1830 -0.51% -
1829 -0.06% -
1828 -0.3% -
1827 0.07% -
1826 -0.08% -
1825 0.05% -
1824 -0.37% -
1823 0.98% -
1822 1.28% -
1821 -0.19% -
1820 0.64% -
1819 0.16% -
1818 1.52% -
1817 0.94% -
1816 1.21% -
1815 1.53% -
1814 1.91% -
1813 2.34% -
1812 2.79% -
1811 3.24% -
1810 3.64% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/luxembourg | CC BY

In 2024, Chile's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $9.3B, equivalent to 2.82% of GDP. This compares to Luxembourg's surplus of $961M, or 1.03% of GDP.

Over the past 30 years, Chile recorded a fiscal deficit in 18 of those years, while Luxembourg ran a deficit in 6 years. On average, Chile posted an annual deficit equal to 0.19% of GDP, compared to surplus of 1.57% of GDP for Luxembourg.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Chile

Luxembourg
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Chile Luxembourg
2024 4.3% 2.05%
2023 7.58% 3.74%
2022 11.6% 6.34%
2021 4.52% 2.53%
2020 3.05% 0.82%
2019 2.56% 1.74%
2018 2.43% 1.53%
2017 2.18% 1.73%
2016 3.79% 0.29%
2015 4.35% 0.47%
2014 4.72% 0.63%
2013 1.79% 1.73%
2012 3.01% 2.66%
2011 3.34% 3.41%
2010 1.41% 2.27%
2009 0.35% 0.37%
2008 8.72% 3.4%
2007 4.41% 2.31%
2006 3.39% 2.67%
2005 3.05% 2.49%
2004 1.05% 2.23%
2003 2.81% 2.05%
2002 2.49% 2.07%
2001 3.57% 2.66%
2000 3.84% 3.15%
1999 3.34% 1.03%
1998 5.11% 0.96%
1997 6.13% 1.37%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/luxembourg | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Chile has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 3.89%, compared with 2.1% in Luxembourg. In 2024, inflation was 4.3% in Chile and 2.05% in Luxembourg.

Top exports between countries

Chile
Export category Export value
Miscellaneous $39.4M
Raw materials & minerals $296K
Raw agricultural goods $234K
Wood & paper products $218K
Machinery & equipment $70K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $53K
Chemicals & pharma $38K
Animal & marine products $24K
Metals $7K
Textiles & consumer goods $4K
Luxembourg
Export category Export value
Business & finance services $205M
Machinery & equipment $3.3M
Chemicals & pharma $2.32M
Raw materials & minerals $1.73M
Transport & tourism services $1.08M
Metals $654K
Textiles & consumer goods $234K
Miscellaneous $72K
Wood & paper products $40K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $34K

Balance of trade

Chile Luxembourg
Current account balance
-$4.85B
2024
$4.1B
2024
Current account balance ranking
166/190
2024
35/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.47%
2024
+4.4%
2024
Goods imports
$78.1B
2024
$29.4B
2024
Goods exports
$99.2B
2024
$31.3B
2024
Service imports
$21.1B
2024
$117B
2024
Service exports
$12B
2024
$150B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
30.1%
2024
159.7%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
33.7%
2024
191.5%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Chile Luxembourg
Economic freedom 74.3 79.7
Economic freedom ranking 20/197 7/197
Property rights 69.7 96.6
Government integrity 67.8 88.7
Judicial effectiveness 90.3 99.1
Tax burden 72.5 62.3
Government spending 78.2 36.9
Fiscal health 94.1 98.6
Business freedom 78.5 89.5
Labor freedom 56.8 56.7
Monetary freedom 75.1 74.1
Trade freedom 78 79.4
Investment freedom 60 95
Financial freedom 70 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Chile
Luxembourg
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Chile Luxembourg
2026 74.3 79.7
2025 73.2 79.5
2024 71.4 79.2
2023 71.1 78.4
2022 74.4 80.6
2021 75.2 76
2020 76.8 75.8
2019 75.4 75.9
2018 75.2 76.4
2017 76.5 75.9
2016 77.7 73.9
2015 78.5 73.2
2014 78.7 74.2
2013 79 74.2
2012 78.3 74.5
2011 77.4 76.2
2010 77.2 75.4
2009 78.3 75.2
2008 78.6 74.7
2007 77.7 74.6
2006 78 75.3
2005 77.8 76.3
2004 76.9 78.9
2003 76 79.9
2002 77.8 79.4
2001 75.1 80.1
2000 74.7 76.4
1999 74.1 72.4
1998 74.9 72.7
1997 75.9 72.8
1996 72.6 72.5
1995 71.2 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/luxembourg | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Chile is 74.3, ranking 20/197, compared to 79.7 for Luxembourg, ranking 7/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Chile Luxembourg
Services, % of GDP
56.1%
2024
81.2%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
30.1%
2024
9.66%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
3.91%
2024
0.21%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$311B
2024
$57.3B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$34,320
2024
$110,650
2024
Total reserves including gold
$44.4B
2024
$2.79B
2024
Total reserves ranking
45/177
2024
119/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$8.93B
2024
$21.4B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$12.5B
2024
$106B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$3.59B
2024
$109B
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
6.5%
2022
17.3%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.2%
2024
15.8%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/luxembourg | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1990, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2021–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.