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Economy of Chile vs Nigeria compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Chile has a GDP of $330B compared to $252B for Nigeria, ranking 45/197 and 54/197 by economy size, respectively.

Chile has $138B in government debt (41.7% of GDP), compared to $99.2B (39.3% of GDP) in Nigeria.

Chile vs Nigeria GDP by year

Chile
Nigeria
1x
Year GDP, current $
Chile Nigeria
2024 $330,267,137,372 $252,261,880,141
2023 $335,518,054,098 $487,387,801,881
2022 $301,226,575,540 $646,950,257,578
2021 $315,325,547,162 $609,147,716,973
2020 $254,042,159,309 $598,586,817,819
2019 $278,285,058,719 $668,219,992,691
2018 $295,857,562,992 $421,739,251,509
2017 $276,154,259,981 $375,745,731,053
2016 $249,344,863,928 $404,649,125,252
2015 $242,450,355,831 $493,026,682,801
2014 $259,560,978,224 $574,183,763,412
2013 $277,395,018,842 $520,117,180,314
2012 $267,024,782,487 $463,971,018,239
2011 $251,382,573,894 $414,466,676,831
2010 $217,051,209,239 $366,990,417,129
2009 $171,777,900,624 $295,008,835,381
2008 $179,894,594,475 $339,476,276,258
2007 $172,491,076,034 $278,260,846,800
2006 $153,843,518,171 $238,454,997,161
2005 $122,294,145,163 $175,670,569,969
2004 $99,075,985,774 $135,764,731,646
2003 $76,492,579,644 $104,738,954,264
2002 $70,264,045,939 $95,054,059,303
2001 $71,574,739,561 $73,557,840,064
2000 $78,339,750,721 $69,171,451,627
1999 $75,578,685,736 $59,145,077,039
1998 $81,990,010,704 $218,416,200,673
1997 $85,741,415,285 $200,850,397,618
1996 $78,584,098,984 $185,730,236,700
1995 $73,820,425,702 $140,919,776,986
1994 $57,438,273,591 $80,399,613,064
1993 $49,934,943,321 $56,721,051,402
1992 $46,538,895,686 $52,058,181,854
1991 $38,232,330,917 $59,526,833,412
1990 $33,428,580,448 $54,035,795,388
1989 $30,101,767,991 $44,003,061,108
1988 $26,174,858,614 $49,648,470,440
1987 $22,605,488,851 $52,676,041,931
1986 $19,197,818,085 $54,805,852,581
1985 $17,933,557,360 $73,745,821,158
1984 $19,974,595,028 $73,484,359,521
1983 $20,629,678,694 $97,094,911,792
1982 $19,710,229,067 $142,769,363,314
1981 $35,180,322,211 $164,475,209,516
1980 $29,586,676,576 $64,201,788,123
1979 $22,249,574,628 $47,259,911,894
1978 $16,373,093,554 $36,527,862,209
1977 $14,272,711,437 $36,035,407,725
1976 $10,523,479,089 $36,308,883,249
1975 $7,812,161,793 $27,778,934,625
1974 $16,584,311,220 $24,846,641,318
1973 $17,237,336,173 $15,162,871,287
1972 $12,057,501,635 $12,274,416,018
1971 $10,999,807,567 $9,181,769,912
1970 $9,261,006,540 $12,546,094,982
1969 $8,456,519,044 $6,634,317,346
1968 $7,286,820,526 $5,200,997,920
1967 $7,145,068,068 $5,203,237,919
1966 $7,256,882,086 $6,366,917,453
1965 $6,183,988,944 $5,874,537,650
1964 $6,065,708,668 $5,552,931,319
1963 $5,702,520,146 $5,165,590,254
1962 $5,765,971,144 $4,909,399,176
1961 $4,948,564,551 $4,467,287,893
1960 $4,211,103,677 $4,196,174,502

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/nigeria | CC BY

GDP per capita in Chile vs Nigeria by year

Chile
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Nigeria
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Chile Nigeria
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $16,710 $36,181 $1,084 $9,087
2023 $17,067 $33,145 $2,139 $8,705
2022 $15,406 $30,932 $2,899 $8,305
2021 $16,207 $29,090 $2,787 $7,588
2020 $13,115 $25,351 $2,797 $7,415
2019 $14,496 $25,612 $3,190 $7,551
2018 $15,659 $25,305 $2,058 $7,158
2017 $14,880 $24,295 $1,876 $7,037
2016 $13,650 $23,257 $2,070 $7,072
2015 $13,434 $22,468 $2,586 $7,308
2014 $14,530 $22,554 $3,089 $7,396
2013 $15,684 $22,201 $2,873 $7,004
2012 $15,242 $21,366 $2,633 $6,671
2011 $14,487 $20,122 $2,418 $6,585
2010 $12,633 $17,918 $2,202 $6,301
2009 $10,099 $15,951 $1,820 $5,927
2008 $10,683 $16,376 $2,154 $5,607
2007 $10,346 $16,698 $1,816 $5,298
2006 $9,319 $15,511 $1,600 $4,975
2005 $7,480 $12,550 $1,211 $4,678
2004 $6,121 $11,612 $962 $4,381
2003 $4,773 $10,708 $763 $4,015
2002 $4,431 $10,133 $712 $3,770
2001 $4,564 $9,776 $566 $3,309
2000 $5,053 $9,376 $547 $3,139
1999 $4,934 $8,839 $481 $3,002
1998 $5,420 $8,850 $1,822 $3,022
1997 $5,742 $8,510 $1,720 $2,990
1996 $5,334 $7,895 $1,633 $2,931
1995 $5,081 $7,232 $1,272 $2,835
1994 $4,012 $6,476 $745 $2,853
1993 $3,541 $6,061 $540 $2,921
1992 $3,352 $5,563 $509 $2,991
1991 $2,798 $4,886 $597 $2,870
1990 $2,488 $4,444 $556 $2,840
1989 $2,278 - $465 -
1988 $2,014 - $540 -
1987 $1,767 - $588 -
1986 $1,525 - $628 -
1985 $1,447 - $869 -
1984 $1,636 - $890 -
1983 $1,715 - $1,207 -
1982 $1,663 - $1,822 -
1981 $3,012 - $2,162 -
1980 $2,571 - $870 -
1979 $1,962 - $661 -
1978 $1,465 - $527 -
1977 $1,297 - $536 -
1976 $971 - $556 -
1975 $732 - $438 -
1974 $1,579 - $403 -
1973 $1,667 - $252.4 -
1972 $1,185 - $209.5 -
1971 $1,099 - $160.5 -
1970 $941 - $224.5 -
1969 $874 - $121.4 -
1968 $766 - $97.3 -
1967 $764 - $99.5 -
1966 $790 - $124.4 -
1965 $686 - $117.3 -
1964 $686 - $113.3 -
1963 $658 - $107.7 -
1962 $679 - $104.5 -
1961 $594 - $97.1 -
1960 $516 - $93.1 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/nigeria | CC BY

Chile's GDP per capita is $16,710, ranking 65/197, compared to $1,084 in Nigeria, ranking 174/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Chile ranks 63rd at $36,181, while Nigeria ranks 136th at $9,087.

Economic indicators

Chile Nigeria
Gross domestic product
$330B
2024
$252B
2024
GDP rank
45/197
2024
54/197
2024
GDP growth
2.64%
2023-2024
4.06%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$16,710
2024
$1,084
2024
GDP per capita rank
65/197
2024
174/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$36,181
2024
$9,087
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
63/197
2024
136/197
2024
Government debt
$138B
2024
$99.2B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
41.7%
2024
39.3%
2024
Government debt per person
$6,960
2024
$426
2024
Government debt per person rank
68/185
2024
170/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$10,247
2026
$1,104
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$262B
2024
$54.4B
2024
Number of millionaires
81,274
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
6
2025
4
2025
Income share by richest 10%
34.5%
2022
26.3%
2022
Income share by poorest 10%
2.3%
2022
3%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
26.7%
2024
12.3%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
4.3%
2023-2024
33.2%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
4.75%
2025
27%
2025
Unemployment rate
8.76%
2024
3.45%
2024
Population
19977856
243824469

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Chile
Spending

Debt
Nigeria
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Chile Nigeria
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 26.7% 41.7% 12.3% 39.3%
2023 27.4% 39.4% 10.4% 36.3%
2022 26.7% 37.9% 10.6% 29.8%
2021 33.6% 36.4% 9.09% 26.6%
2020 29.1% 32.4% 8.73% 25.7%
2019 26.5% 28.3% 8.87% 21.4%
2018 25.6% 25.8% 9.1% 20.4%
2017 25.5% 23.7% 8.51% 18%
2016 25.4% 21.1% 6.93% 17.4%
2015 25% 17.4% 7.85% 14.9%
2014 23.9% 15% 9.49% 12.9%
2013 23.1% 12.8% 10% 13%
2012 23.1% 11.9% 10.5% 12.5%
2011 22.9% 11.1% 12.3% 12.4%
2010 23.5% 8.61% 11.8% 6.67%
2009 25% 5.84% 11% 6.12%
2008 21.8% 4.92% 10.2% 5.17%
2007 19.3% 3.9% 12.9% 5.76%
2006 18.7% 5.02% 8.75% 6.68%
2005 20.2% 7.04% 12.6% 13.4%
2004 20.8% 10.3% 13% 25.2%
2003 22.2% 12.6% 16.5% 29.9%
2002 23.2% 15% 13.8% 30.7%
2001 23.2% 14.3% 21.9% 37.7%
2000 22.9% 13.1% 17.6% 40.9%
1999 23.7% 13.3% 14.9% 46.1%
1998 21.9% 12.1% 11.2% 15.8%
1997 20.6% 12.8% 9.68% 17.1%
1996 20.6% 14.6% 7.87% 17.9%
1995 19.4% 17.2% 8.87% 24.2%
1994 20.6% 22.6% 12.1% 39.7%
1993 21.1% 28% 20% 50.4%
1992 20.8% 30.3% 15.9% 49.8%
1991 21.2% 37% 13.6% 53.2%
1990 20.9% 50.3% 14.2% 50.9%
1989 19.8% 51.9% - -
1988 21.3% 71.2% - -
1987 22.9% 81.6% - -
1986 26.6% 88.4% - -
1985 28.5% 79.8% - -
1984 30% 56.6% - -
1983 29.2% 45.5% - -
1982 30.1% 20.3% - -
1981 26.4% 14% - -
1980 23.8% 17.4% - -
1979 24.8% 23.2% - -
1978 29.4% 26% - -
1977 30% 16.5% - -
1976 30% 19.5% - -
1975 33.6% 28.4% - -
1974 32.3% 18.8% - -
1973 30.8% 11.1% - -
1972 35% 10.1% - -
1971 27.2% 20% - -
1970 21.1% 26.3% - -
1969 18.7% 21.5% - -
1968 19.3% 17.9% - -
1967 19.1% 14.9% - -
1966 20.5% 12.6% - -
1965 20.5% 12.6% - -
1964 17.8% 9.6% - -
1963 18.9% 9.23% - -
1962 21.3% 6.99% - -
1961 19.5% 7.97% - -
1960 19.7% 7.02% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1990, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/nigeria | CC BY

In 2024, Chile's government spending was $88.3B, accounting for 26.7% of its GDP, while Nigeria spent $31.1B, or 12.3% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 41.7% in Chile and 39.3% in Nigeria, ranking 129/185 and 135/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Chile

Nigeria
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Chile Nigeria
2024 -2.82% -1.57%
2023 -2.27% -3.12%
2022 1.36% -4%
2021 -7.53% -3.97%
2020 -7.1% -4.03%
2019 -2.73% -3.31%
2018 -1.48% -3.06%
2017 -2.63% -3.85%
2016 -2.66% -3.3%
2015 -2.09% -2.7%
2014 -1.5% -1.72%
2013 -0.47% -1.89%
2012 0.68% -0.09%
2011 1.43% 0.31%
2010 -0.36% -2.96%
2009 -4.26% -3.78%
2008 3.93% 4.05%
2007 7.95% -0.79%
2006 7.51% 6.22%
2005 4.57% 3.49%
2004 2.05% 3.9%
2003 -0.42% -1.56%
2002 -1.17% 0.95%
2001 -0.49% -2.29%
2000 -0.69% 2.89%
1999 -2.02% -1.39%
1998 0.39% -3.47%
1997 2.04% 1.14%
1996 2.07% 3.37%
1995 3.09% 2.52%
1994 1.43% -2.96%
1993 1.41% -6.07%
1992 2.09% 0.94%
1991 1.54% -1.18%
1990 2.24% -0.48%
1989 5.31% -
1988 4.07% -
1987 2.36% -
1986 -0.92% -
1985 -2.22% -
1984 -2.95% -
1983 -2.67% -
1982 -1.02% -
1981 2.56% -
1980 5.41% -
1979 4.82% -
1978 -0.11% -
1977 -1.11% -
1976 -0.48% -
1975 -0.41% -
1974 -5.79% -
1973 -7.32% -
1972 -12.7% -
1971 -7.98% -
1970 -1.22% -
1969 0.6% -
1968 -0.79% -
1967 -0.64% -
1966 -1.88% -
1965 -1.64% -
1964 -2.24% -
1963 -3.29% -
1962 -4.31% -
1961 -2.89% -
1960 -3.14% -
1959 1.56% -
1958 -0.1% -
1957 -0.71% -
1956 -1.3% -
1955 -2.79% -
1954 -2.84% -
1953 -4.05% -
1952 -1.82% -
1951 -0.71% -
1950 -0.92% -
1949 1.71% -
1948 2.56% -
1947 -0.2% -
1946 0.12% -
1945 0.73% -
1944 0.25% -
1943 0.81% -
1942 1.51% -
1941 1.9% -
1940 2.64% -
1939 1.74% -
1938 1.25% -
1937 1.42% -
1936 2.62% -
1935 4.23% -
1934 2.42% -
1933 1.76% -
1932 -0.32% -
1931 -2.73% -
1930 1.47% -
1929 1.89% -
1928 4.11% -
1927 -0.17% -
1926 -3.23% -
1925 2.44% -
1924 3.68% -
1923 2.87% -
1922 -0.23% -
1921 -0.57% -
1920 -1.8% -
1919 -2.53% -
1918 0.71% -
1917 0.49% -
1916 0.98% -
1915 -2.13% -
1914 -2.67% -
1913 -2.23% -
1912 -3.29% -
1911 -3.32% -
1910 -3.17% -
1909 -2.26% -
1908 -0.84% -
1907 -2.39% -
1906 -2.8% -
1905 -1.31% -
1904 -1.6% -
1903 -1.35% -
1902 -3.65% -
1901 -3.93% -
1900 -1.89% -
1899 -0.78% -
1898 -3.84% -
1897 -1.78% -
1896 -5.36% -
1895 -2.31% -
1894 0.82% -
1893 -0.59% -
1892 -1.33% -
1891 -6.72% -
1890 -3.65% -
1889 -2.71% -
1888 -0.58% -
1887 -4% -
1886 -5.17% -
1885 -2.46% -
1884 -3.23% -
1883 -3.57% -
1882 -2.86% -
1881 -1.83% -
1880 -2% -
1879 -4.34% -
1878 -2.27% -
1877 -3.88% -
1876 -3.17% -
1875 -3.73% -
1874 -4.75% -
1873 -1.94% -
1872 -1.78% -
1871 -2.38% -
1870 -1.83% -
1869 -1.07% -
1868 -2.85% -
1867 -4.31% -
1866 -5.72% -
1865 -1.95% -
1864 -1.07% -
1863 -0.26% -
1862 -0.13% -
1861 -0.5% -
1860 -0.07% -
1859 -1.6% -
1858 -1.37% -
1857 -0.3% -
1856 0.11% -
1855 0.1% -
1854 -0.2% -
1853 0.27% -
1852 0.68% -
1851 -0.39% -
1850 0.35% -
1849 0.6% -
1848 -0.25% -
1847 0.04% -
1846 0.36% -
1845 -0.21% -
1844 0.48% -
1843 0.69% -
1842 1.1% -
1841 0.31% -
1840 0.34% -
1839 0.25% -
1838 -0.21% -
1837 -0.05% -
1836 -0.17% -
1835 -0.58% -
1834 -0.39% -
1833 -0.45% -
1832 -0.57% -
1831 -0.77% -
1830 -0.51% -
1829 -0.06% -
1828 -0.3% -
1827 0.07% -
1826 -0.08% -
1825 0.05% -
1824 -0.37% -
1823 0.98% -
1822 1.28% -
1821 -0.19% -
1820 0.64% -
1819 0.16% -
1818 1.52% -
1817 0.94% -
1816 1.21% -
1815 1.53% -
1814 1.91% -
1813 2.34% -
1812 2.79% -
1811 3.24% -
1810 3.64% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/nigeria | CC BY

In 2024, Chile's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $9.3B, equivalent to 2.82% of GDP. This compares to Nigeria's deficit of $3.95B, or 1.57% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, Chile recorded a fiscal deficit in 18 of those years, while Nigeria ran a deficit in 24 years. On average, Chile posted an annual surplus equal to 0.09% of GDP, compared to deficit of 0.97% of GDP for Nigeria.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Chile

Nigeria
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Chile Nigeria
2024 4.3% 33.2%
2023 7.58% 24.7%
2022 11.6% 18.8%
2021 4.52% 17%
2020 3.05% 13.2%
2019 2.56% 11.4%
2018 2.43% 12.1%
2017 2.18% 16.5%
2016 3.79% 15.7%
2015 4.35% 9.01%
2014 4.72% 8.05%
2013 1.79% 8.5%
2012 3.01% 12.2%
2011 3.34% 10.8%
2010 1.41% 13.7%
2009 0.35% 12.5%
2008 8.72% 11.6%
2007 4.41% 5.39%
2006 3.39% 8.23%
2005 3.05% 17.9%
2004 1.05% 15%
2003 2.81% 14%
2002 2.49% 12.9%
2001 3.57% 18.9%
2000 3.84% 6.93%
1999 3.34% 6.62%
1998 5.11% 10%
1997 6.13% 8.53%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/nigeria | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Chile has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 3.89%, compared with 13.3% in Nigeria. In 2024, inflation was 4.3% in Chile and 33.2% in Nigeria.

Top exports between countries

Chile
Export category Export value
Animal & marine products $117M
Raw materials & minerals $8.62M
Wood & paper products $3.69M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1.82M
Raw agricultural goods $122K
Chemicals & pharma $62K
Metals $16K
Machinery & equipment $14K
Textiles & consumer goods $5K
Nigeria
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $80.3M
Raw agricultural goods $158K
Textiles & consumer goods $94K

Balance of trade

Chile Nigeria
Current account balance
-$4.85B
2024
$17.2B
2024
Current account balance ranking
166/190
2024
20/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.47%
2024
+6.82%
2024
Goods imports
$78.1B
2024
$39.8B
2024
Goods exports
$99.2B
2024
$53B
2024
Service imports
$21.1B
2024
$17.9B
2024
Service exports
$12B
2024
$4.57B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
30.1%
2024
16.9%
1960
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
33.7%
2024
9.24%
1960

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Chile Nigeria
Economic freedom 74.3 54.8
Economic freedom ranking 20/197 132/197
Property rights 69.7 29.7
Government integrity 67.8 23.5
Judicial effectiveness 90.3 34.4
Tax burden 72.5 84.6
Government spending 78.2 96.3
Fiscal health 94.1 83.5
Business freedom 78.5 50.3
Labor freedom 56.8 75.4
Monetary freedom 75.1 56.1
Trade freedom 78 64.4
Investment freedom 60 30
Financial freedom 70 30

Economic freedom comparison by year

Chile
Nigeria
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Chile Nigeria
2026 74.3 54.8
2025 73.2 53.4
2024 71.4 53.1
2023 71.1 53.9
2022 74.4 54.4
2021 75.2 58.7
2020 76.8 57.2
2019 75.4 57.3
2018 75.2 58.5
2017 76.5 57.1
2016 77.7 57.5
2015 78.5 55.6
2014 78.7 54.3
2013 79 55.1
2012 78.3 56.3
2011 77.4 56.7
2010 77.2 56.8
2009 78.3 55.1
2008 78.6 55.1
2007 77.7 55.6
2006 78 48.7
2005 77.8 48.4
2004 76.9 49.2
2003 76 49.5
2002 77.8 50.9
2001 75.1 49.6
2000 74.7 53.1
1999 74.1 55.7
1998 74.9 52.3
1997 75.9 52.8
1996 72.6 47.4
1995 71.2 47.3

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/nigeria | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Chile is 74.3, ranking 20/197, compared to 54.8 for Nigeria, ranking 132/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Chile Nigeria
Services, % of GDP
56.1%
2024
53.7%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
30.1%
2024
18.2%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
3.91%
2024
25.9%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$311B
2024
$396B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$34,320
2024
$8,850
2024
Total reserves including gold
$44.4B
2024
$38.6B
2024
Total reserves ranking
45/177
2024
51/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$8.93B
2024
-$672M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$12.5B
2024
$1.08B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$3.59B
2024
$408M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
5.48%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
6.5%
2022
56.2%
2023
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.2%
2024
n/a

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/nigeria | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1990, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2022–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.