Skip to content

Economy of Chile vs Slovakia compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Chile has a GDP of $357B compared to $155B for Slovakia, ranking 45/197 and 60/197 by economy size, respectively.

Chile has $149B in government debt (41.8% of GDP), compared to $95.3B (61.6% of GDP) in Slovakia.

Chile vs Slovakia GDP by year

Chile
Slovakia
1x
Year GDP, current $
Chile Slovakia
2025 $357,371,159,575 $154,530,066,507
2024 $329,260,633,699 $140,934,076,532
2023 $335,802,745,366 $133,578,518,424
2022 $301,099,244,104 $115,792,972,358
2021 $315,507,493,783 $120,511,265,913
2020 $254,103,710,483 $107,732,602,896
2019 $278,308,438,545 $105,843,498,304
2018 $295,857,562,992 $106,611,673,365
2017 $276,154,259,981 $95,978,130,735
2016 $249,344,863,928 $90,347,173,229
2015 $242,450,355,831 $89,178,548,717
2014 $259,560,978,224 $101,713,075,599
2013 $277,395,018,842 $99,134,277,850
2012 $267,024,782,487 $94,724,394,278
2011 $251,382,573,894 $99,705,104,723
2010 $217,051,209,239 $91,112,160,801
2009 $171,777,900,624 $89,342,984,698
2008 $179,894,594,475 $96,685,492,864
2007 $172,491,076,034 $77,019,443,089
2006 $153,843,518,171 $57,111,148,619
2005 $122,294,145,163 $48,823,790,951
2004 $99,075,985,774 $42,960,730,480
2003 $76,492,579,644 $33,761,723,946
2002 $70,264,045,939 $24,768,142,566
2001 $71,574,739,561 $21,377,597,035
2000 $78,339,750,721 $20,626,538,612
1999 $75,578,685,736 $20,813,421,086
1998 $81,990,010,704 $22,911,708,405
1997 $85,741,415,285 $22,026,728,498
1996 $78,584,098,984 $21,864,845,214
1995 $73,820,425,702 $20,306,095,054
1994 $57,438,273,591 $16,187,735,322
1993 $49,934,943,321 $13,991,963,247
1992 $46,538,895,686 $12,932,972,789
1991 $38,232,330,917 $11,952,983,608
1990 $33,428,580,448 $17,068,924,602
1989 $30,101,767,991 -
1988 $26,174,858,614 -
1987 $22,605,488,851 -
1986 $19,197,818,085 -
1985 $17,933,557,360 -
1984 $19,974,595,028 -
1983 $20,629,678,694 -
1982 $19,710,229,067 -
1981 $35,180,322,211 -
1980 $29,586,676,576 -
1979 $22,249,574,628 -
1978 $16,373,093,554 -
1977 $14,272,711,437 -
1976 $10,523,479,089 -
1975 $7,812,161,793 -
1974 $16,584,311,220 -
1973 $17,237,336,173 -
1972 $12,057,501,635 -
1971 $10,999,807,567 -
1970 $9,261,006,540 -
1969 $8,456,519,044 -
1968 $7,286,820,526 -
1967 $7,145,068,068 -
1966 $7,256,882,086 -
1965 $6,183,988,944 -
1964 $6,065,708,668 -
1963 $5,702,520,146 -
1962 $5,765,971,144 -
1961 $4,948,564,551 -
1960 $4,211,103,677 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/slovakia | CC BY

GDP per capita in Chile vs Slovakia by year

Chile
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Slovakia
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Chile Slovakia
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $17,995 - $28,544 -
2024 $16,659 $36,181 $25,993 $48,132
2023 $17,082 $33,145 $24,615 $45,974
2022 $15,399 $30,932 $21,318 $41,562
2021 $16,216 $29,090 $22,123 $38,346
2020 $13,118 $25,351 $19,735 $35,328
2019 $14,497 $25,612 $19,406 $33,986
2018 $15,659 $25,305 $19,573 $31,510
2017 $14,880 $24,295 $17,646 $30,246
2016 $13,650 $23,257 $16,636 $29,868
2015 $13,434 $22,468 $16,442 $30,148
2014 $14,530 $22,554 $18,771 $29,108
2013 $15,684 $22,201 $18,313 $28,075
2012 $15,242 $21,366 $17,517 $27,023
2011 $14,487 $20,122 $18,469 $26,202
2010 $12,633 $17,918 $16,899 $25,382
2009 $10,099 $15,951 $16,587 $23,077
2008 $10,683 $16,376 $17,974 $23,714
2007 $10,346 $16,698 $14,330 $21,232
2006 $9,319 $15,511 $10,629 $18,906
2005 $7,480 $12,550 $9,087 $16,570
2004 $6,121 $11,612 $7,997 $15,166
2003 $4,773 $10,708 $6,283 $14,088
2002 $4,431 $10,133 $4,606 $13,292
2001 $4,564 $9,776 $3,974 $12,367
2000 $5,053 $9,376 $3,828 $11,370
1999 $4,934 $8,839 $3,857 $10,726
1998 $5,420 $8,850 $4,250 $10,666
1997 $5,742 $8,510 $4,092 $10,137
1996 $5,334 $7,895 $4,069 $9,500
1995 $5,081 $7,232 $3,787 $8,812
1994 $4,012 $6,476 $3,028 $8,178
1993 $3,541 $6,061 $2,627 $7,569
1992 $3,352 $5,563 $2,438 $7,270
1991 $2,798 $4,886 $2,254 $7,623
1990 $2,488 $4,444 $3,221 $8,638
1989 $2,278 - - -
1988 $2,014 - - -
1987 $1,767 - - -
1986 $1,525 - - -
1985 $1,447 - - -
1984 $1,636 - - -
1983 $1,715 - - -
1982 $1,663 - - -
1981 $3,012 - - -
1980 $2,571 - - -
1979 $1,962 - - -
1978 $1,465 - - -
1977 $1,297 - - -
1976 $971 - - -
1975 $732 - - -
1974 $1,579 - - -
1973 $1,667 - - -
1972 $1,185 - - -
1971 $1,099 - - -
1970 $941 - - -
1969 $874 - - -
1968 $766 - - -
1967 $764 - - -
1966 $790 - - -
1965 $686 - - -
1964 $686 - - -
1963 $658 - - -
1962 $679 - - -
1961 $594 - - -
1960 $516 - - -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/slovakia | CC BY

Chile's GDP per capita is $17,995, ranking 67/197, compared to $28,544 in Slovakia, ranking 46/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Chile ranks 63rd at $36,181, while Slovakia ranks 49th at $48,132.

Economic indicators

Chile Slovakia
Gross domestic product
$357B
2025
$155B
2025
GDP rank
45/197
2025
60/197
2025
GDP growth
2.46%
2024-2025
0.81%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$17,995
2025
$28,544
2025
GDP per capita rank
67/197
2025
46/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$36,181
2024
$48,132
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
63/197
2024
49/197
2024
Government debt
$149B
2025
$95.3B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
41.8%
2025
61.6%
2025
Government debt per person
$7,517
2025
$17,597
2025
Government debt per person rank
68/185
2025
36/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$10,041
2026
$17,518
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$487B
2025
$5.38B
2014
Number of millionaires
81,274
2024
n/a
Number of billionaires
6
2026
2
2026
Income share by richest 10%
34.3%
2024
18.8%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
2.3%
2024
3.3%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
26.4%
2025
48.7%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
4.21%
2024-2025
4%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
4.75%
2025
n/a
Unemployment rate
8.89%
2025
5.4%
2025
Population
19992079
5376239

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Chile
Spending

Debt
Slovakia
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Chile Slovakia
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 26.4% 41.8% 48.7% 61.6%
2024 26.7% 41.7% 47.5% 59.7%
2023 27.4% 39.4% 48.2% 55.8%
2022 26.7% 37.9% 43.1% 57.8%
2021 33.6% 36.4% 44.8% 60.2%
2020 29.1% 32.4% 44.5% 58.4%
2019 26.5% 28.3% 40.6% 48%
2018 25.6% 25.8% 39.7% 49.3%
2017 25.5% 23.7% 39.8% 51.4%
2016 25.4% 21.1% 40.9% 52.1%
2015 25% 17.4% 44.1% 51.6%
2014 23.9% 15% 42% 53.4%
2013 23.1% 12.8% 41.1% 54.6%
2012 23.1% 11.9% 40% 51.7%
2011 22.9% 11.1% 40.8% 43.3%
2010 23.5% 8.61% 41% 40.7%
2009 25% 5.84% 43.2% 36.4%
2008 21.8% 4.92% 36.5% 28.6%
2007 19.3% 3.9% 35.9% 30.4%
2006 18.7% 5.02% 38.2% 31.5%
2005 20.2% 7.04% 39.1% 35%
2004 20.8% 10.3% 38.4% 42%
2003 22.2% 12.6% 40% 43.6%
2002 23.2% 15% 46% 45.6%
2001 23.2% 14.3% 46.2% 51.4%
2000 22.9% 13.1% 53.2% 50.6%
1999 23.7% 13.3% 48.4% 47.1%
1998 21.9% 12.1% 46.2% 33.9%
1997 20.6% 12.8% 48.6% 32.8%
1996 20.6% 14.6% 52.8% 30.3%
1995 19.5% 17.3% 47.8% 21.3%
1994 20.6% 22.6% - -
1993 21.2% 28.1% - -
1992 20.9% 30.5% - -
1991 21.2% 37.1% - -
1990 21% 50.3% - -
1989 19.8% 51.9% - -
1988 21.3% 71.2% - -
1987 22.9% 81.6% - -
1986 26.6% 88.4% - -
1985 28.5% 79.8% - -
1984 30% 56.6% - -
1983 29.2% 45.5% - -
1982 30.1% 20.3% - -
1981 26.4% 14% - -
1980 23.8% 17.4% - -
1979 24.8% 23.2% - -
1978 29.4% 26% - -
1977 30% 16.5% - -
1976 30% 19.5% - -
1975 33.6% 28.4% - -
1974 32.3% 18.8% - -
1973 30.8% 11.1% - -
1972 35% 10.1% - -
1971 27.2% 20% - -
1970 21.1% 26.3% - -
1969 18.7% 21.5% - -
1968 19.3% 17.9% - -
1967 19.1% 14.9% - -
1966 20.5% 12.6% - -
1965 20.5% 12.6% - -
1964 17.8% 9.6% - -
1963 18.9% 9.23% - -
1962 21.3% 6.99% - -
1961 19.5% 7.97% - -
1960 19.7% 7.02% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1990, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/slovakia | CC BY

In 2025, Chile's government spending was $94.2B, accounting for 26.4% of its GDP, while Slovakia spent $75.3B, or 48.7% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 41.8% in Chile and 61.6% in Slovakia, ranking 126/185 and 74/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Chile

Slovakia
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Chile Slovakia
2025 -2.78% -5.02%
2024 -2.82% -5.5%
2023 -2.27% -5.3%
2022 1.36% -1.56%
2021 -7.53% -5.09%
2020 -7.1% -5.3%
2019 -2.73% -1.21%
2018 -1.48% -1.01%
2017 -2.63% -0.98%
2016 -2.66% -2.59%
2015 -2.09% -2.78%
2014 -1.5% -3.25%
2013 -0.47% -2.86%
2012 0.68% -4.37%
2011 1.43% -4.36%
2010 -0.36% -7.44%
2009 -4.26% -8.18%
2008 3.93% -2.54%
2007 7.95% -2.26%
2006 7.51% -3.57%
2005 4.57% -2.86%
2004 2.05% -2.36%
2003 -0.42% -2.28%
2002 -1.17% -8.35%
2001 -0.49% -7.74%
2000 -0.69% -12.7%
1999 -2.02% -7.25%
1998 0.39% -5.37%
1997 2.04% -6.24%
1996 2.07% -9.72%
1995 3.1% -3.43%
1994 1.44% -
1993 1.42% -
1992 2.11% -
1991 1.54% -
1990 2.25% -
1989 5.31% -
1988 4.07% -
1987 2.36% -
1986 -0.92% -
1985 -2.22% -
1984 -2.95% -
1983 -2.67% -
1982 -1.02% -
1981 2.56% -
1980 5.41% -
1979 4.82% -
1978 -0.11% -
1977 -1.11% -
1976 -0.48% -
1975 -0.41% -
1974 -5.79% -
1973 -7.32% -
1972 -12.7% -
1971 -7.98% -
1970 -1.22% -
1969 0.6% -
1968 -0.79% -
1967 -0.64% -
1966 -1.88% -
1965 -1.64% -
1964 -2.24% -
1963 -3.29% -
1962 -4.31% -
1961 -2.89% -
1960 -3.14% -
1959 1.56% -
1958 -0.1% -
1957 -0.71% -
1956 -1.3% -
1955 -2.79% -
1954 -2.84% -
1953 -4.05% -
1952 -1.82% -
1951 -0.71% -
1950 -0.92% -
1949 1.71% -
1948 2.56% -
1947 -0.2% -
1946 0.12% -
1945 0.73% -
1944 0.25% -
1943 0.81% -
1942 1.51% -
1941 1.9% -
1940 2.64% -
1939 1.74% -
1938 1.25% -
1937 1.42% -
1936 2.62% -
1935 4.23% -
1934 2.42% -
1933 1.76% -
1932 -0.32% -
1931 -2.73% -
1930 1.47% -
1929 1.89% -
1928 4.11% -
1927 -0.17% -
1926 -3.23% -
1925 2.44% -
1924 3.68% -
1923 2.87% -
1922 -0.23% -
1921 -0.57% -
1920 -1.8% -
1919 -2.53% -
1918 0.71% -
1917 0.49% -
1916 0.98% -
1915 -2.13% -
1914 -2.67% -
1913 -2.23% -
1912 -3.29% -
1911 -3.32% -
1910 -3.17% -
1909 -2.26% -
1908 -0.84% -
1907 -2.39% -
1906 -2.8% -
1905 -1.31% -
1904 -1.6% -
1903 -1.35% -
1902 -3.65% -
1901 -3.93% -
1900 -1.89% -
1899 -0.78% -
1898 -3.84% -
1897 -1.78% -
1896 -5.36% -
1895 -2.31% -
1894 0.82% -
1893 -0.59% -
1892 -1.33% -
1891 -6.72% -
1890 -3.65% -
1889 -2.71% -
1888 -0.58% -
1887 -4% -
1886 -5.17% -
1885 -2.46% -
1884 -3.23% -
1883 -3.57% -
1882 -2.86% -
1881 -1.83% -
1880 -2% -
1879 -4.34% -
1878 -2.27% -
1877 -3.88% -
1876 -3.17% -
1875 -3.73% -
1874 -4.75% -
1873 -1.94% -
1872 -1.78% -
1871 -2.38% -
1870 -1.83% -
1869 -1.07% -
1868 -2.85% -
1867 -4.31% -
1866 -5.72% -
1865 -1.95% -
1864 -1.07% -
1863 -0.26% -
1862 -0.13% -
1861 -0.5% -
1860 -0.07% -
1859 -1.6% -
1858 -1.37% -
1857 -0.3% -
1856 0.11% -
1855 0.1% -
1854 -0.2% -
1853 0.27% -
1852 0.68% -
1851 -0.39% -
1850 0.35% -
1849 0.6% -
1848 -0.25% -
1847 0.04% -
1846 0.36% -
1845 -0.21% -
1844 0.48% -
1843 0.69% -
1842 1.1% -
1841 0.31% -
1840 0.34% -
1839 0.25% -
1838 -0.21% -
1837 -0.05% -
1836 -0.17% -
1835 -0.58% -
1834 -0.39% -
1833 -0.45% -
1832 -0.57% -
1831 -0.77% -
1830 -0.51% -
1829 -0.06% -
1828 -0.3% -
1827 0.07% -
1826 -0.08% -
1825 0.05% -
1824 -0.37% -
1823 0.98% -
1822 1.28% -
1821 -0.19% -
1820 0.64% -
1819 0.16% -
1818 1.52% -
1817 0.94% -
1816 1.21% -
1815 1.53% -
1814 1.91% -
1813 2.34% -
1812 2.79% -
1811 3.24% -
1810 3.64% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/slovakia | CC BY

In 2025, Chile's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $9.94B, equivalent to 2.78% of GDP. This compares to Slovakia's deficit of $7.75B, or 5.02% of GDP.

Over the past 31 years, Chile recorded a fiscal deficit in 19 of those years, while Slovakia ran a deficit in 31 years. On average, Chile posted an annual deficit equal to 0.27% of GDP, compared to deficit of 4.63% of GDP for Slovakia.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Chile

Slovakia
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Chile Slovakia
2025 4.21% 4%
2024 4.3% 2.76%
2023 7.58% 10.5%
2022 11.6% 12.8%
2021 4.52% 3.15%
2020 3.05% 1.94%
2019 2.56% 2.66%
2018 2.43% 2.51%
2017 2.18% 1.31%
2016 3.79% -0.52%
2015 4.35% -0.33%
2014 4.72% -0.08%
2013 1.79% 1.4%
2012 3.01% 3.61%
2011 3.34% 3.92%
2010 1.41% 0.96%
2009 0.35% 1.62%
2008 8.72% 4.6%
2007 4.41% 2.76%
2006 3.39% 4.48%
2005 3.05% 2.71%
2004 1.05% 7.55%
2003 2.81% 8.55%
2002 2.49% 3.13%
2001 3.57% 7.33%
2000 3.84% 12%
1999 3.34% 10.6%
1998 5.11% 6.67%
1997 6.13% 6.14%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/slovakia | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Chile has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 3.9%, compared with 4.44% in Slovakia. In 2025, inflation was 4.21% in Chile and 4% in Slovakia.

Top exports between countries

Chile
Export category Export value
Slovakia
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $31.9M
Chemicals & pharma $4.33M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $2.15M
Raw materials & minerals $1.93M
Textiles & consumer goods $1.3M
IT & IP services $1.05M
Metals $880K
Transport & tourism services $327K
Business & finance services $111K
Animal & marine products $28K

Balance of trade

Chile Slovakia
Current account balance
-$4.35B
2025
-$5.6B
2025
Current account balance ranking
161/190
2025
165/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.22%
2025
-3.63%
2025
Goods imports
$86.5B
2025
$117B
2025
Goods exports
$110B
2025
$117B
2025
Service imports
$21.9B
2025
$14.3B
2025
Service exports
$13B
2025
$14.7B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
30.4%
2025
85.2%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
34.6%
2025
85.1%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Chile Slovakia
Economic freedom 74.3 67.7
Economic freedom ranking 20/197 54/197
Property rights 69.7 82.6
Government integrity 67.8 57.2
Judicial effectiveness 90.3 70.5
Tax burden 72.5 75.4
Government spending 78.2 36.4
Fiscal health 94.1 69.6
Business freedom 78.5 71.1
Labor freedom 56.8 55.1
Monetary freedom 75.1 69.7
Trade freedom 78 79.4
Investment freedom 60 75
Financial freedom 70 70

Economic freedom comparison by year

Chile
Slovakia
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Chile Slovakia
2026 74.3 67.7
2025 73.2 68.4
2024 71.4 68.1
2023 71.1 69
2022 74.4 69.7
2021 75.2 66.3
2020 76.8 66.8
2019 75.4 65
2018 75.2 65.3
2017 76.5 65.7
2016 77.7 66.6
2015 78.5 67.2
2014 78.7 66.4
2013 79 68.7
2012 78.3 67
2011 77.4 69.5
2010 77.2 69.7
2009 78.3 69.4
2008 78.6 70
2007 77.7 69.6
2006 78 69.8
2005 77.8 66.8
2004 76.9 64.6
2003 76 59
2002 77.8 59.8
2001 75.1 58.5
2000 74.7 53.8
1999 74.1 54.2
1998 74.9 57.5
1997 75.9 55.5
1996 72.6 57.6
1995 71.2 60.4

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/slovakia | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Chile is 74.3, ranking 20/197, compared to 67.7 for Slovakia, ranking 54/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Chile Slovakia
Services, % of GDP
55.5%
2025
59.8%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
31.4%
2025
28.1%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
3.45%
2025
1.59%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$337B
2025
$143B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$35,730
2025
$47,920
2025
Total reserves including gold
$49.4B
2025
$18.2B
2025
Total reserves ranking
48/177
2025
69/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$5.83B
2025
-$198M
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$13.1B
2024
$5.01B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$4.04B
2024
$2.24B
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
6.5%
2022
13.7%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
24.1%
2025
20.1%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/slovakia | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Help us show the world through your eyes

Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.

Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1990, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2015–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.