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Economy of Brazil vs Trinidad and Tobago compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Brazil has a GDP of $2.19T compared to $25.6B for Trinidad and Tobago, ranking 10/197 and 115/197 by economy size, respectively.

Brazil has $1.91T in government debt (87.3% of GDP), compared to $16.5B (64.2% of GDP) in Trinidad and Tobago.

Brazil vs Trinidad and Tobago GDP by year

Brazil
Trinidad and Tobago
1x
Year GDP, current $
Brazil Trinidad
2024 $2,185,821,648,944 $25,633,544,529
2023 $2,191,131,869,706 $25,036,993,423
2022 $1,951,923,832,084 $28,341,164,301
2021 $1,670,647,464,063 $24,222,963,263
2020 $1,476,107,292,152 $20,888,515,184
2019 $1,873,288,158,839 $23,477,745,792
2018 $1,916,933,708,353 $23,883,058,083
2017 $2,063,514,688,806 $23,830,750,901
2016 $1,795,693,265,999 $23,624,322,193
2015 $1,802,211,999,456 $26,841,141,793
2014 $2,456,043,766,032 $29,474,180,005
2013 $2,472,819,362,044 $28,560,537,057
2012 $2,465,228,293,707 $27,147,349,937
2011 $2,616,156,606,579 $25,433,007,437
2010 $2,208,838,108,484 $22,157,920,592
2009 $1,666,996,294,252 $19,172,165,226
2008 $1,695,855,391,758 $27,871,587,350
2007 $1,397,114,247,189 $21,641,620,050
2006 $1,107,626,711,163 $18,369,361,094
2005 $891,633,826,625 $15,982,389,018
2004 $669,289,321,945 $13,280,291,990
2003 $558,233,724,165 $11,305,459,802
2002 $509,795,270,685 $9,008,298,229
2001 $559,983,704,094 $8,824,849,191
2000 $655,448,188,259 $8,154,342,116
1999 $599,642,075,004 $6,808,982,521
1998 $863,711,007,325 $6,043,686,654
1997 $883,206,452,795 $5,737,771,523
1996 $850,426,433,004 $5,759,570,336
1995 $769,333,330,412 $5,329,217,747
1994 $525,369,851,354 $4,947,181,646
1993 $368,295,778,245 $4,669,491,134
1992 $328,187,960,872 $5,439,552,941
1991 $342,609,231,343 $5,307,905,882
1990 $390,725,626,003 $5,068,000,000
1989 $412,990,820,287 $4,323,058,824
1988 $307,881,930,752 $4,496,910,569
1987 $283,056,836,894 $4,797,777,778
1986 $256,480,852,471 $4,794,444,444
1985 $210,879,844,639 $7,375,918,367
1984 $188,339,974,087 $7,757,083,333
1983 $189,656,506,321 $7,763,750,000
1982 $271,314,113,768 $8,140,416,667
1981 $258,015,174,749 $6,992,083,333
1980 $237,393,489,893 $6,235,833,333
1979 $221,338,204,480 $4,602,416,625
1978 $200,278,646,124 $3,562,333,458
1977 $176,344,101,402 $3,138,666,667
1976 $153,168,949,208 $2,500,424,955
1975 $129,203,555,239 $2,442,669,825
1974 $109,794,519,728 $2,042,001,071
1973 $83,592,275,863 $1,308,785,431
1972 $58,434,858,375 $1,083,391,758
1971 $48,869,830,902 $896,765,215
1970 $42,327,664,794 $821,850,000
1969 $37,171,640,819 $779,200,000
1968 $33,930,457,425 $758,899,950
1967 $31,086,389,195 $761,981,912
1966 $28,283,323,733 $723,739,857
1965 $22,465,522,884 $736,573,159
1964 $20,963,733,695 $711,897,520
1963 $23,287,712,878 $678,239,329
1962 $19,231,747,852 $619,322,810
1961 $17,275,940,449 $584,964,621
1960 $17,030,465,539 $535,673,252

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/trinidad-and-tobago | CC BY

GDP per capita in Brazil vs Trinidad and Tobago by year

Brazil
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Trinidad and Tobago
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Brazil Trinidad
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $10,311 $22,338 $18,733 $36,329
2023 $10,378 $21,176 $18,308 $34,623
2022 $9,281 $19,877 $20,751 $32,979
2021 $7,973 $18,076 $17,713 $30,482
2020 $7,074 $16,102 $15,284 $26,731
2019 $9,030 $16,070 $17,213 $29,316
2018 $9,301 $15,464 $17,571 $28,673
2017 $10,081 $14,559 $17,566 $28,484
2016 $8,836 $14,309 $17,449 $28,232
2015 $8,936 $14,821 $19,887 $29,825
2014 $12,275 $15,827 $21,908 $32,027
2013 $12,459 $15,722 $21,305 $31,746
2012 $12,522 $15,198 $20,332 $31,883
2011 $13,397 $15,212 $19,151 $31,078
2010 $11,403 $14,452 $16,815 $30,778
2009 $8,679 $13,391 $14,634 $29,602
2008 $8,908 $13,445 $21,299 $30,807
2007 $7,410 $12,673 $16,607 $29,355
2006 $5,934 $11,751 $14,153 $27,393
2005 $4,828 $11,081 $12,346 $23,536
2004 $3,664 $10,526 $9,871 $20,674
2003 $3,091 $9,802 $8,445 $18,743
2002 $2,856 $9,617 $6,763 $16,141
2001 $3,176 $9,304 $6,657 $14,797
2000 $3,767 $9,092 $6,179 $13,953
1999 $3,494 $8,635 $5,179 $12,812
1998 $5,106 $8,599 $4,613 $11,735
1997 $5,299 $8,602 $4,394 $10,769
1996 $5,179 $8,301 $4,427 $9,883
1995 $4,757 $8,097 $4,115 $9,099
1994 $3,299 $7,727 $3,840 $8,631
1993 $2,349 $7,260 $3,647 $8,209
1992 $2,127 $6,869 $4,277 $8,129
1991 $2,258 $6,867 $4,205 $7,274
1990 $2,620 $6,688 $4,047 $6,878
1989 $2,819 - $3,482 -
1988 $2,141 - $3,656 -
1987 $2,006 - $3,941 -
1986 $1,854 - $3,985 -
1985 $1,556 - $6,212 -
1984 $1,420 - $6,613 -
1983 $1,461 - $6,690 -
1982 $2,138 - $7,091 -
1981 $2,080 - $6,160 -
1980 $1,959 - $5,559 -
1979 $1,870 - $4,155 -
1978 $1,733 - $3,258 -
1977 $1,562 - $2,907 -
1976 $1,390 - $2,345 -
1975 $1,201 - $2,319 -
1974 $1,045 - $1,962 -
1973 $815 - $1,273 -
1972 $583 - $1,067 -
1971 $500 - $894 -
1970 $444 - $829 -
1969 $399 - $795 -
1968 $374 - $783 -
1967 $351 - $797 -
1966 $328 - $768 -
1965 $268 - $793 -
1964 $257.3 - $780 -
1963 $294.2 - $756 -
1962 $250.2 - $704 -
1961 $231.6 - $678 -
1960 $235.3 - $634 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/trinidad-and-tobago | CC BY

Brazil's GDP per capita is $10,311, ranking 85/197, compared to $18,733 in Trinidad and Tobago, ranking 61/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Brazil ranks 88th at $22,338, while Trinidad and Tobago ranks 62nd at $36,329.

Economic indicators

Brazil Trinidad
Gross domestic product
$2.19T
2024
$25.6B
2024
GDP rank
10/197
2024
115/197
2024
GDP growth
3.42%
2023-2024
2.51%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$10,311
2024
$18,733
2024
GDP per capita rank
85/197
2024
61/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$22,338
2024
$36,329
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
88/197
2024
62/197
2024
Government debt
$1.91T
2024
$16.5B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
87.3%
2024
64.2%
2024
Government debt per person
$8,999
2024
$12,028
2024
Government debt per person rank
60/185
2024
45/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$6,263
2026
$11,007
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$659B
2024
$3.89B
2001
Number of millionaires
433,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
56
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
40.8%
2023
29.9%
1992
Income share by poorest 10%
1.3%
2023
2.1%
1992
Government expenditure, % of GDP
45.7%
2024
32.3%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
4.4%
2023-2024
0.53%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
15%
2025
3.5%
2020
Unemployment rate
6.8%
2024
4.01%
2024
Population
213824938
1374840

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Brazil
Spending

Debt
Trinidad and Tobago
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Brazil Trinidad
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 45.7% 87.3% 32.3% 64.2%
2023 45.3% 84% 33.5% 62.2%
2022 43.4% 83.9% 27.2% 51.3%
2021 40.4% 88.9% 30.3% 58.4%
2020 46.2% 96% 36.2% 62.5%
2019 43% 87.1% 31.2% 46.2%
2018 44.2% 84.8% 30.2% 41.5%
2017 44.3% 82.7% 30.7% 39.8%
2016 45.5% 77.4% 31.9% 35.4%
2015 46.2% 71.7% 35% 27.1%
2014 41.4% 61.6% 32.8% 23.5%
2013 39.8% 59.6% 31.3% 21.6%
2012 39.3% 61.6% 29.5% 21.8%
2011 39.4% 60.6% 29.4% 26.4%
2010 39.5% 62.4% 30.4% 16.8%
2009 40.5% 64.7% 37% 20.7%
2008 39.9% 61.4% 26.7% 13.5%
2007 40.4% 63% 25.7% 16.2%
2006 42.6% 64.6% 31.6% 16.9%
2005 41.9% 67% 26.7% 19.8%
2004 39.7% 68% 22.5% 24.2%
2003 41.3% 71.5% 22.2% 30.2%
2002 44.5% 76.1% 24.4% 37%
2001 39.8% 67.3% 24.8% 36.6%
2000 34.5% 62.2% 23.1% 38.9%
1999 39.6% 44.5% 24.1% 42.2%
1998 40.9% 38.9% 26.9% 42.8%
1997 38.6% 31.8% 27.2% 46.1%
1996 38.2% 30.7% 27.6% 47%
1995 - 28% 26.2% 50.1%
1994 - 30% 25.4% 52.6%
1993 - 32.6% 26.9% 58.8%
1992 - 37.1% 28.6% 49.2%
1991 - 38.1% 29.6% 49.5%
1990 - 40.6% 26.9% 47.7%
1989 - 40.2% 30.9% 51.9%
1988 - 46.9% 45.3% 65.3%
1987 - 50.3% - -
1986 11.7% 49.4% - -
1985 11.1% 52.6% - -
1984 10% 55.8% - -
1983 9.7% 51.5% - -
1982 8.1% 32.8% - -
1981 7.8% 34.6% - -
1980 6.8% 39.7% - -
1979 9% 36.6% - -
1978 10.2% 37% - -
1977 10.4% 31% - -
1976 10.6% 31.8% - -
1975 10.7% 27.7% - -
1974 10.5% 25.7% - -
1973 11% 22.4% - -
1972 12.6% 22.5% - -
1971 11.7% 17.9% - -
1970 11.4% 17% - -
1969 11.2% 16.5% - -
1968 14.4% 15.8% - -
1967 13.5% 13.8% - -
1966 14.6% 19.6% - -
1965 14% 17.6% - -
1964 25.4% 22.2% - -
1963 22.8% 20.4% - -
1962 23.1% 23.7% - -
1961 12% 25.7% - -
1960 13.7% 22.3% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–2000, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/trinidad-and-tobago | CC BY

In 2024, Brazil's government spending was $998B, accounting for 45.7% of its GDP, while Trinidad and Tobago spent $8.28B, or 32.3% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 87.3% in Brazil and 64.2% in Trinidad and Tobago, ranking 38/185 and 70/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Brazil

Trinidad and Tobago
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Brazil Trinidad
2024 -6.19% -5.24%
2023 -7.71% -1.24%
2022 -3.96% 0.92%
2021 -2.63% -8.1%
2020 -11.6% -12.2%
2019 -4.86% -3.74%
2018 -6.99% -5.89%
2017 -7.97% -10.4%
2016 -7.99% -10.1%
2015 -9.28% -7.56%
2014 -6.27% -4.31%
2013 -3.42% -2.67%
2012 -2.35% -1.26%
2011 -2.74% -0.67%
2010 -3.55% 0.13%
2009 -4.23% -5.42%
2008 -2.39% 5.39%
2007 -2.66% 3.12%
2006 -4.87% 1.56%
2005 -3.36% 2.36%
2004 -2.95% 1.84%
2003 -5.4% 1.8%
2002 -4.15% -0.2%
2001 -3.47% 0.61%
2000 -3.32% 0.17%
1999 -5.17% -0.88%
1998 -7.22% -1.8%
1997 -5.6% 0.11%
1996 -5.35% -0.45%
1995 - 0.17%
1994 - -0.02%
1993 - 0.23%
1992 - -2.74%
1991 - -0.21%
1990 - -1.27%
1989 - -4.46%
1988 - -9.34%
1987 - -
1986 -1.6% -
1985 -1.3% -
1984 -0.4% -
1983 0.1% -
1982 1.4% -
1981 1% -
1980 2.5% -
1979 0.4% -
1978 -0.1% -
1977 0.1% -
1976 0.1% -
1975 0% -
1974 0.6% -
1973 0.1% -
1972 -0.1% -
1971 -0.3% -
1970 -0.4% -
1969 -0.6% -
1968 -1.6% -
1967 -2.1% -
1966 -1.3% -
1965 -2% -
1964 -8.79% -
1963 -5.78% -
1962 -6.82% -
1961 -2.93% -
1960 -3.85% -
1959 -0.18% -
1958 -0.76% -
1957 -0.29% -
1956 -0.14% -
1955 -0.62% -
1954 -0.49% -
1953 -1.26% -
1952 0.64% -
1951 0.87% -
1950 -1.58% -
1949 -1.22% -
1948 0.002% -
1947 0.25% -
1946 -1.78% -
1945 -2.87% -
1944 -2.37% -
1943 -0.75% -
1942 -2.55% -
1941 -2.15% -
1940 -1.13% -
1939 -1.2% -
1938 -0.59% -
1937 -1.62% -
1936 -0.27% -
1935 -0.5% -
1934 -2.28% -
1933 -1.56% -
1932 -6.47% -
1931 -1.56% -
1930 -3.58% -
1929 -0.09% -
1928 0.57% -
1927 0.12% -
1926 -0.76% -
1925 -0.07% -
1924 -0.45% -
1923 -1.94% -
1922 -3.8% -
1921 -2.98% -
1920 -3.11% -
1919 -3.69% -
1918 -4.51% -
1917 -4.8% -
1916 -4.35% -
1915 -6.33% -
1914 -7.32% -
1913 -1.91% -
1912 -3.05% -
1911 -2.15% -
1910 -2.06% -
1909 -1.62% -
1908 -1.89% -
1907 0.38% -
1906 0.28% -
1905 0.96% -
1904 -0.62% -
1903 1.79% -
1902 1.59% -
1901 -2.46% -
1900 -5.57% -
1899 -2.13% -
1898 -14% -
1897 -2.38% -
1896 -0.79% -
1895 -1.33% -
1894 -4.11% -
1893 -1.77% -
1892 -2.6% -
1891 0.51% -
1890 -3.02% -
1889 -3.79% -
1888 0.63% -
1887 -0.76% -
1886 -3.8% -
1885 -5.71% -
1884 -3.89% -
1883 -3.33% -
1882 -1.58% -
1881 -1.9% -
1880 -4.84% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–2000, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/trinidad-and-tobago | CC BY

In 2024, Brazil's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $135B, equivalent to 6.19% of GDP. This compares to Trinidad and Tobago's deficit of $1.34B, or 5.24% of GDP.

Over the past 37 years, Brazil recorded a fiscal deficit in 29 of those years, while Trinidad and Tobago ran a deficit in 24 years. On average, Brazil posted an annual deficit equal to 5.09% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.21% of GDP for Trinidad and Tobago.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Brazil

Trinidad and Tobago
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Brazil Trinidad
2024 4.4% 0.53%
2023 4.6% 4.63%
2022 9.3% 5.83%
2021 8.3% 2.06%
2020 3.2% 0.6%
2019 3.7% 1%
2018 3.7% 1.02%
2017 3.4% 1.88%
2016 8.7% 3.07%
2015 9% 4.66%
2014 6.3% 5.68%
2013 6.2% 5.2%
2012 5.4% 9.26%
2011 6.6% 5.11%
2010 5% 10.5%
2009 4.9% 6.98%
2008 5.7% 12%
2007 3.6% 7.89%
2006 4.2% 8.33%
2005 6.9% 6.87%
2004 6.6% 3.72%
2003 14.7% 3.81%
2002 8.4% 4.15%
2001 6.8% 5.54%
2000 7% 3.56%
1999 4.9% 3.44%
1998 3.2% 5.61%
1997 6.9% 3.63%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/trinidad-and-tobago | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Brazil has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 6.13%, compared with 4.88% in Trinidad and Tobago. In 2024, inflation was 4.4% in Brazil and 0.53% in Trinidad and Tobago.

Top exports between countries

Brazil
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $238M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $32.1M
Wood & paper products $23.3M
Metals $15.7M
Machinery & equipment $11.6M
Raw agricultural goods $11.2M
Textiles & consumer goods $9.06M
Chemicals & pharma $7.42M
Animal & marine products $2.86M
Weapons & explosives $73K
Trinidad
Export category Export value
Chemicals & pharma $143M
Raw materials & minerals $101M
Textiles & consumer goods $2.18M
Machinery & equipment $2.11M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $518K
Metals $56K
Miscellaneous $23K
Animal & marine products $5K
Raw agricultural goods $3K
Precious metals & jewellery $2K

Balance of trade

Brazil Trinidad
Current account balance
-$66.2B
2024
$645M
2024
Current account balance ranking
188/190
2024
58/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-3.03%
2024
+2.52%
2024
Goods imports
$274B
2024
$7.54B
2024
Goods exports
$340B
2024
$10B
2024
Service imports
$103B
2024
$2.71B
2024
Service exports
$48.1B
2024
$1.26B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
17.6%
2024
n/a
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
17.9%
2024
45%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Brazil Trinidad
Economic freedom 52.4 62.4
Economic freedom ranking 148/197 87/197
Property rights 49.2 47.3
Government integrity 37.2 45.5
Judicial effectiveness 55.6 58.8
Tax burden 70.6 76.1
Government spending 39.8 71.1
Fiscal health 28 86.3
Business freedom 65.7 67.1
Labor freedom 57 57.2
Monetary freedom 76 81
Trade freedom 69 68.8
Investment freedom 40 50
Financial freedom 40 40

Economic freedom comparison by year

Brazil
Trinidad and Tobago
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Brazil Trinidad
2026 52.4 62.4
2025 55.1 63.6
2024 53.2 60.4
2023 53.5 59.5
2022 53.3 58.8
2021 53.4 59
2020 53.7 58.3
2019 51.9 57
2018 51.4 57.7
2017 52.9 61.2
2016 56.5 62.9
2015 56.6 64.1
2014 56.9 62.7
2013 57.7 62.3
2012 57.9 64.4
2011 56.3 66.5
2010 55.6 65.7
2009 56.7 68
2008 56.2 69.5
2007 56.2 70.6
2006 60.9 70.4
2005 61.7 71.5
2004 62 71.3
2003 63.4 68.8
2002 61.5 70.1
2001 61.9 71.8
2000 61.1 74.5
1999 61.3 72.4
1998 52.3 72
1997 52.6 71.3
1996 48.1 69.2
1995 51.4 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/trinidad-and-tobago | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Brazil is 52.4, ranking 148/197, compared to 62.4 for Trinidad and Tobago, ranking 87/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Brazil Trinidad
Services, % of GDP
59.2%
2024
59.2%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
20.9%
2024
34.6%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
5.75%
2024
0.78%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$2.11T
2024
$27B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$21,590
2024
$36,580
2024
Total reserves including gold
$330B
2024
$5.6B
2024
Total reserves ranking
11/177
2024
94/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$47.8B
2024
$980M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$74.1B
2024
-$453M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$26.3B
2024
$527M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
5.4%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
4.2%
2020
20%
2020
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
17%
2024
19%
2023

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–2000, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  8. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  9. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.