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Economy of Chile vs United Arab Emirates compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Chile has a GDP of $357B compared to $552B for the United Arab Emirates, ranking 45/197 and 31/197 by economy size, respectively.

Chile has $149B in government debt (41.8% of GDP), compared to $193B (34.3% of GDP) in the United Arab Emirates.

Chile vs United Arab Emirates GDP by year

Chile
United Arab Emirates
1x
Year GDP, current $
Chile UAE
2025 $357,371,159,575 -
2024 $329,260,633,699 $552,324,919,096
2023 $335,802,745,366 $522,622,268,401
2022 $301,099,244,104 $511,403,404,642
2021 $315,507,493,783 $422,441,282,436
2020 $254,103,710,483 $357,161,776,271
2019 $278,308,438,545 $433,926,218,686
2018 $295,857,562,992 $440,560,003,161
2017 $276,154,259,981 $403,365,056,079
2016 $249,344,863,928 $381,717,208,621
2015 $242,450,355,831 $381,973,135,513
2014 $259,560,978,224 $424,935,834,104
2013 $277,395,018,842 $409,632,574,703
2012 $267,024,782,487 $392,793,559,051
2011 $251,382,573,894 $368,881,033,963
2010 $217,051,209,239 $307,736,348,527
2009 $171,777,900,624 $253,547,358,747
2008 $179,894,594,475 $315,474,615,741
2007 $172,491,076,034 $257,916,148,767
2006 $153,843,518,171 $222,116,532,963
2005 $122,294,145,163 $180,617,467,954
2004 $99,075,985,774 $147,824,249,958
2003 $76,492,579,644 $124,346,476,180
2002 $70,264,045,939 $109,816,091,079
2001 $71,574,739,561 $103,311,631,797
2000 $78,339,750,721 $104,337,463,730
1999 $75,578,685,736 $84,445,399,335
1998 $81,990,010,704 $75,674,384,205
1997 $85,741,415,285 $78,838,886,862
1996 $78,584,098,984 $73,571,217,377
1995 $73,820,425,702 $65,743,604,966
1994 $57,438,273,591 $59,305,111,228
1993 $49,934,943,321 $55,625,269,485
1992 $46,538,895,686 $54,239,188,746
1991 $38,232,330,917 $51,552,058,250
1990 $33,428,580,448 $50,701,374,187
1989 $30,101,767,991 $41,464,966,302
1988 $26,174,858,614 $36,275,613,877
1987 $22,605,488,851 $36,384,802,310
1986 $19,197,818,085 $33,943,568,481
1985 $17,933,557,360 $40,603,631,079
1984 $19,974,595,028 $41,807,931,453
1983 $20,629,678,694 $42,803,373,390
1982 $19,710,229,067 $46,622,715,281
1981 $35,180,322,211 $49,333,471,895
1980 $29,586,676,576 $43,599,134,193
1979 $22,249,574,628 $31,225,557,022
1978 $16,373,093,554 $23,775,718,541
1977 $14,272,711,437 $24,871,660,292
1976 $10,523,479,089 $19,213,212,475
1975 $7,812,161,793 $14,720,729,969
1974 $16,584,311,220 $11,651,505,689
1973 $17,237,336,173 $4,231,243,616
1972 $12,057,501,635 $1,415,086,929
1971 $10,999,807,567 $939,893,600
1970 $9,261,006,540 $685,986,701
1969 $8,456,519,044 -
1968 $7,286,820,526 -
1967 $7,145,068,068 -
1966 $7,256,882,086 -
1965 $6,183,988,944 -
1964 $6,065,708,668 -
1963 $5,702,520,146 -
1962 $5,765,971,144 -
1961 $4,948,564,551 -
1960 $4,211,103,677 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/united-arab-emirates | CC BY

GDP per capita in Chile vs United Arab Emirates by year

Chile
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
United Arab Emirates
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Chile UAE
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $17,995 - - -
2024 $16,659 $36,181 $50,274 $79,229
2023 $17,082 $33,145 $49,851 $77,955
2022 $15,399 $30,932 $50,760 $75,072
2021 $16,216 $29,090 $44,118 $68,580
2020 $13,118 $25,351 $37,992 $66,791
2019 $14,497 $25,612 $45,939 $79,816
2018 $15,659 $25,305 $47,135 $77,446
2017 $14,880 $24,295 $43,734 $70,282
2016 $13,650 $23,257 $42,721 $69,987
2015 $13,434 $22,468 $44,910 $73,986
2014 $14,530 $22,554 $52,725 $87,478
2013 $15,684 $22,201 $53,247 $87,526
2012 $15,242 $21,366 $53,142 $89,198
2011 $14,487 $20,122 $51,922 $89,665
2010 $12,633 $17,918 $44,795 $85,120
2009 $10,099 $15,951 $37,803 $84,780
2008 $10,683 $16,376 $50,054 $94,628
2007 $10,346 $16,698 $45,855 $100,813
2006 $9,319 $15,511 $44,343 $106,814
2005 $7,480 $12,550 $38,719 $101,301
2004 $6,121 $11,612 $33,377 $98,661
2003 $4,773 $10,708 $29,660 $92,636
2002 $4,431 $10,133 $27,754 $88,467
2001 $4,564 $9,776 $27,745 $90,370
2000 $5,053 $9,376 $29,866 $92,899
1999 $4,934 $8,839 $25,856 $87,658
1998 $5,420 $8,850 $24,889 $90,229
1997 $5,742 $8,510 $27,983 $96,009
1996 $5,334 $7,895 $28,323 $94,620
1995 $5,081 $7,232 $27,003 $93,702
1994 $4,012 $6,476 $25,473 $89,959
1993 $3,541 $6,061 $25,033 $86,330
1992 $3,352 $5,563 $25,648 $87,509
1991 $2,798 $4,886 $25,691 $87,250
1990 $2,488 $4,444 $26,710 $88,455
1989 $2,278 - $23,167 -
1988 $2,014 - $21,570 -
1987 $1,767 - $23,113 -
1986 $1,525 - $23,132 -
1985 $1,447 - $29,468 -
1984 $1,636 - $32,012 -
1983 $1,715 - $34,650 -
1982 $1,663 - $39,972 -
1981 $3,012 - $44,855 -
1980 $2,571 - $42,925 -
1979 $1,962 - $34,238 -
1978 $1,465 - $29,379 -
1977 $1,297 - $35,020 -
1976 $971 - $31,197 -
1975 $732 - $27,117 -
1974 $1,579 - $23,823 -
1973 $1,667 - $9,696 -
1972 $1,185 - $3,675 -
1971 $1,099 - $2,805 -
1970 $941 - $2,394 -
1969 $874 - - -
1968 $766 - - -
1967 $764 - - -
1966 $790 - - -
1965 $686 - - -
1964 $686 - - -
1963 $658 - - -
1962 $679 - - -
1961 $594 - - -
1960 $516 - - -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/united-arab-emirates | CC BY

Chile's GDP per capita is $17,995, ranking 67/197, compared to $50,274 in the United Arab Emirates, ranking 25/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Chile ranks 63rd at $36,181, while the United Arab Emirates ranks 16th at $79,229.

Economic indicators

Chile UAE
Gross domestic product
$357B
2025
$552B
2024
GDP rank
45/197
2025
31/197
2024
GDP growth
2.46%
2024-2025
3.99%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$17,995
2025
$50,274
2024
GDP per capita rank
67/197
2025
25/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$36,181
2024
$79,229
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
63/197
2024
16/197
2024
Government debt
$149B
2025
$193B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
41.8%
2025
34.3%
2025
Government debt per person
$7,517
2025
$17,568
2024
Government debt per person rank
68/185
2025
37/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$10,041
2026
$40,096
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$487B
2025
$1.11T
2025
Number of millionaires
81,274
2024
183,000
2026
Number of billionaires
6
2026
6
2026
Income share by richest 10%
34.3%
2024
20.5%
2018
Income share by poorest 10%
2.3%
2024
2.8%
2018
Government expenditure, % of GDP
26.4%
2025
22.6%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
4.21%
2024-2025
1.3%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
4.75%
2025
3.65%
2025
Unemployment rate
8.89%
2025
1.88%
2024
Population
19992079
11885001

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Chile
Spending

Debt
United Arab Emirates
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Chile UAE
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 26.4% 41.8% 22.6% 34.3%
2024 26.7% 41.7% 21.4% 34.9%
2023 27.4% 39.4% 22.7% 31.9%
2022 26.7% 37.9% 22.7% 31.5%
2021 33.6% 36.4% 25.9% 35.7%
2020 29.1% 32.4% 30.5% 30.1%
2019 26.5% 28.3% 27.4% 25.8%
2018 25.6% 25.8% 25.9% 20.7%
2017 25.5% 23.7% 27.2% 21.2%
2016 25.4% 21.1% 31.7% 18.6%
2015 25% 17.4% 26.4% 15.6%
2014 23.9% 15% 31.4% 13.5%
2013 23.1% 12.8% 28.9% 15.3%
2012 23.1% 11.9% 27.8% 20.2%
2011 22.9% 11.1% 29.6% 20.4%
2010 23.5% 8.61% 30.4% 18.3%
2009 25% 5.84% 35% 21.1%
2008 21.8% 4.92% 22% 8.95%
2007 19.3% 3.9% 17.7% 8.89%
2006 18.7% 5.02% 15.6% 5.05%
2005 20.2% 7.04% 15.7% 4.48%
2004 20.8% 10.3% 17.7% 4.08%
2003 22.2% 12.6% 20% 3.33%
2002 23.2% 15% 21.3% 3.43%
2001 23.2% 14.3% 25.2% 2.69%
2000 22.9% 13.1% 21.8% 3.12%
1999 23.7% 13.3% 24.3% 4.73%
1998 21.9% 12.1% 25.8% 4.18%
1997 20.6% 12.8% 22.6% 2.86%
1996 20.6% 14.6% 27.6% 3.48%
1995 19.5% 17.3% 26.1% 5.06%
1994 20.6% 22.6% 30.1% 5.58%
1993 21.2% 28.1% 31.5% 6.01%
1992 20.9% 30.5% 29.6% 5.31%
1991 21.2% 37.1% 36% 4.97%
1990 21% 50.3% - -
1989 19.8% 51.9% - -
1988 21.3% 71.2% - -
1987 22.9% 81.6% - -
1986 26.6% 88.4% - -
1985 28.5% 79.8% - -
1984 30% 56.6% - -
1983 29.2% 45.5% - -
1982 30.1% 20.3% - -
1981 26.4% 14% - -
1980 23.8% 17.4% - -
1979 24.8% 23.2% - -
1978 29.4% 26% - -
1977 30% 16.5% - -
1976 30% 19.5% - -
1975 33.6% 28.4% - -
1974 32.3% 18.8% - -
1973 30.8% 11.1% - -
1972 35% 10.1% - -
1971 27.2% 20% - -
1970 21.1% 26.3% - -
1969 18.7% 21.5% - -
1968 19.3% 17.9% - -
1967 19.1% 14.9% - -
1966 20.5% 12.6% - -
1965 20.5% 12.6% - -
1964 17.8% 9.6% - -
1963 18.9% 9.23% - -
1962 21.3% 6.99% - -
1961 19.5% 7.97% - -
1960 19.7% 7.02% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1998, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/united-arab-emirates | CC BY

In 2025, Chile's government spending was $94.2B, accounting for 26.4% of its GDP, while the United Arab Emirates spent $118B, or 22.6% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 41.8% in Chile and 34.3% in the United Arab Emirates, ranking 126/185 and 146/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Chile

United Arab Emirates
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Chile UAE
2025 -2.78% 5.15%
2024 -2.82% 6.41%
2023 -2.27% 5.82%
2022 1.36% 9.8%
2021 -7.53% 3.96%
2020 -7.1% -2.42%
2019 -2.73% 2.5%
2018 -1.48% 3.65%
2017 -2.63% -0.16%
2016 -2.66% -2.95%
2015 -2.09% -6.35%
2014 -1.5% 1.74%
2013 -0.47% 7.99%
2012 0.68% 8.59%
2011 1.43% 5.05%
2010 -0.36% 0.52%
2009 -4.26% -6.13%
2008 3.93% 17.6%
2007 7.95% 17.1%
2006 7.51% 20.2%
2005 4.57% 16%
2004 2.05% 6.4%
2003 -0.42% 2.35%
2002 -1.17% -1.24%
2001 -0.49% 1.21%
2000 -0.69% 10.7%
1999 -2.02% 1.31%
1998 0.39% 1%
1997 2.04% 6.71%
1996 2.07% 0.92%
1995 3.1% 3.58%
1994 1.44% -1.78%
1993 1.42% -2.89%
1992 2.11% 3.34%
1991 1.54% 3.89%
1990 2.25% -
1989 5.31% -
1988 4.07% -
1987 2.36% -
1986 -0.92% -
1985 -2.22% -
1984 -2.95% -
1983 -2.67% -
1982 -1.02% -
1981 2.56% -
1980 5.41% -
1979 4.82% -
1978 -0.11% -
1977 -1.11% -
1976 -0.48% -
1975 -0.41% -
1974 -5.79% -
1973 -7.32% -
1972 -12.7% -
1971 -7.98% -
1970 -1.22% -
1969 0.6% -
1968 -0.79% -
1967 -0.64% -
1966 -1.88% -
1965 -1.64% -
1964 -2.24% -
1963 -3.29% -
1962 -4.31% -
1961 -2.89% -
1960 -3.14% -
1959 1.56% -
1958 -0.1% -
1957 -0.71% -
1956 -1.3% -
1955 -2.79% -
1954 -2.84% -
1953 -4.05% -
1952 -1.82% -
1951 -0.71% -
1950 -0.92% -
1949 1.71% -
1948 2.56% -
1947 -0.2% -
1946 0.12% -
1945 0.73% -
1944 0.25% -
1943 0.81% -
1942 1.51% -
1941 1.9% -
1940 2.64% -
1939 1.74% -
1938 1.25% -
1937 1.42% -
1936 2.62% -
1935 4.23% -
1934 2.42% -
1933 1.76% -
1932 -0.32% -
1931 -2.73% -
1930 1.47% -
1929 1.89% -
1928 4.11% -
1927 -0.17% -
1926 -3.23% -
1925 2.44% -
1924 3.68% -
1923 2.87% -
1922 -0.23% -
1921 -0.57% -
1920 -1.8% -
1919 -2.53% -
1918 0.71% -
1917 0.49% -
1916 0.98% -
1915 -2.13% -
1914 -2.67% -
1913 -2.23% -
1912 -3.29% -
1911 -3.32% -
1910 -3.17% -
1909 -2.26% -
1908 -0.84% -
1907 -2.39% -
1906 -2.8% -
1905 -1.31% -
1904 -1.6% -
1903 -1.35% -
1902 -3.65% -
1901 -3.93% -
1900 -1.89% -
1899 -0.78% -
1898 -3.84% -
1897 -1.78% -
1896 -5.36% -
1895 -2.31% -
1894 0.82% -
1893 -0.59% -
1892 -1.33% -
1891 -6.72% -
1890 -3.65% -
1889 -2.71% -
1888 -0.58% -
1887 -4% -
1886 -5.17% -
1885 -2.46% -
1884 -3.23% -
1883 -3.57% -
1882 -2.86% -
1881 -1.83% -
1880 -2% -
1879 -4.34% -
1878 -2.27% -
1877 -3.88% -
1876 -3.17% -
1875 -3.73% -
1874 -4.75% -
1873 -1.94% -
1872 -1.78% -
1871 -2.38% -
1870 -1.83% -
1869 -1.07% -
1868 -2.85% -
1867 -4.31% -
1866 -5.72% -
1865 -1.95% -
1864 -1.07% -
1863 -0.26% -
1862 -0.13% -
1861 -0.5% -
1860 -0.07% -
1859 -1.6% -
1858 -1.37% -
1857 -0.3% -
1856 0.11% -
1855 0.1% -
1854 -0.2% -
1853 0.27% -
1852 0.68% -
1851 -0.39% -
1850 0.35% -
1849 0.6% -
1848 -0.25% -
1847 0.04% -
1846 0.36% -
1845 -0.21% -
1844 0.48% -
1843 0.69% -
1842 1.1% -
1841 0.31% -
1840 0.34% -
1839 0.25% -
1838 -0.21% -
1837 -0.05% -
1836 -0.17% -
1835 -0.58% -
1834 -0.39% -
1833 -0.45% -
1832 -0.57% -
1831 -0.77% -
1830 -0.51% -
1829 -0.06% -
1828 -0.3% -
1827 0.07% -
1826 -0.08% -
1825 0.05% -
1824 -0.37% -
1823 0.98% -
1822 1.28% -
1821 -0.19% -
1820 0.64% -
1819 0.16% -
1818 1.52% -
1817 0.94% -
1816 1.21% -
1815 1.53% -
1814 1.91% -
1813 2.34% -
1812 2.79% -
1811 3.24% -
1810 3.64% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/united-arab-emirates | CC BY

In 2024, Chile's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $9.27B, equivalent to 2.82% of GDP. This compares to the United Arab Emirates' surplus of $35.4B, or 6.41% of GDP.

Over the past 34 years, Chile recorded a fiscal deficit in 18 of those years, while the United Arab Emirates ran a deficit in 8 years. On average, Chile posted an annual surplus equal to 0.03% of GDP, compared to surplus of 4.25% of GDP for the United Arab Emirates.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Chile

United Arab Emirates
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Chile UAE
2025 4.21% 1.3%
2024 4.3% 1.7%
2023 7.58% 1.6%
2022 11.6% 4.8%
2021 4.52% -0.1%
2020 3.05% -2.1%
2019 2.56% -1.9%
2018 2.43% 3.1%
2017 2.18% 2%
2016 3.79% 1.6%
2015 4.35% 4.1%
2014 4.72% 2.3%
2013 1.79% 1.1%
2012 3.01% 0.7%
2011 3.34% 0.9%
2010 1.41% 0.9%
2009 0.35% -4.7%
2008 8.72% 12.3%
2007 4.41% 11.1%
2006 3.39% 9.3%
2005 3.05% 6.2%
2004 1.05% 5%
2003 2.81% 3.1%
2002 2.49% 2.9%
2001 3.57% 2.8%
2000 3.84% 1.3%
1999 3.34% 2.1%
1998 5.11% 2%
1997 6.13% 3%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/united-arab-emirates | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Chile has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 3.9%, compared with 2.7% in the United Arab Emirates. In 2025, inflation was 4.21% in Chile and 1.3% in the United Arab Emirates.

Top exports between countries

Chile
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $69.9M
Raw agricultural goods $69.3M
Wood & paper products $36.4M
Machinery & equipment $34.6M
Animal & marine products $10.2M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $10.1M
Miscellaneous $4.05M
Precious metals & jewellery $3.57M
Metals $1.5M
Textiles & consumer goods $614K
UAE
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $54.5M
Chemicals & pharma $43.4M
Metals $5.76M
Textiles & consumer goods $5.34M
Raw materials & minerals $5.13M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $3.26M
Raw agricultural goods $767K
Wood & paper products $364K
Precious metals & jewellery $106K
Animal & marine products $79K

Balance of trade

Chile UAE
Current account balance
-$4.35B
2025
$80B
2024
Current account balance ranking
161/190
2025
9/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.22%
2025
+14.5%
2024
Goods imports
$86.5B
2025
$400B
2024
Goods exports
$110B
2025
$467B
2024
Service imports
$21.9B
2025
$117B
2024
Service exports
$13B
2025
$181B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
30.4%
2025
92.2%
2023
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
34.6%
2025
106.8%
2023

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Chile UAE
Economic freedom 74.3 71.9
Economic freedom ranking 20/197 29/197
Property rights 69.7 62.9
Government integrity 67.8 65.3
Judicial effectiveness 90.3 34.4
Tax burden 72.5 99.9
Government spending 78.2 85.1
Fiscal health 94.1 97.6
Business freedom 78.5 84.5
Labor freedom 56.8 63.2
Monetary freedom 75.1 81.2
Trade freedom 78 78.6
Investment freedom 60 50
Financial freedom 70 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Chile
United Arab Emirates
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Chile UAE
2026 74.3 71.9
2025 73.2 71.6
2024 71.4 71.1
2023 71.1 70.9
2022 74.4 70.2
2021 75.2 76.9
2020 76.8 76.2
2019 75.4 77.6
2018 75.2 77.6
2017 76.5 76.9
2016 77.7 72.6
2015 78.5 72.4
2014 78.7 71.4
2013 79 71.1
2012 78.3 69.3
2011 77.4 67.8
2010 77.2 67.3
2009 78.3 64.7
2008 78.6 62.6
2007 77.7 62.6
2006 78 62.2
2005 77.8 65.2
2004 76.9 67.2
2003 76 73.4
2002 77.8 73.6
2001 75.1 74.9
2000 74.7 74.2
1999 74.1 71.5
1998 74.9 72.2
1997 75.9 71.9
1996 72.6 71.6
1995 71.2 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/united-arab-emirates | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Chile is 74.3, ranking 20/197, compared to 71.9 for the United Arab Emirates, ranking 29/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Chile UAE
Services, % of GDP
55.5%
2025
54.9%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
31.4%
2025
44.3%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
3.45%
2025
0.77%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$337B
2025
$566B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$35,730
2025
$81,640
2024
Total reserves including gold
$49.4B
2025
$292B
2025
Total reserves ranking
48/177
2025
14/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$5.83B
2025
$31.5B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$13.1B
2024
$45.6B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$4.04B
2024
$77.2B
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
6.5%
2022
19.5%
2020
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
24.1%
2025
26.6%
2023

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/united-arab-emirates | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1998, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2024–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.