Skip to content

Economy of Chile vs Namibia compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Chile has a GDP of $330B compared to $13.4B for Namibia, ranking 45/197 and 147/197 by economy size, respectively.

Chile has $138B in government debt (41.7% of GDP), compared to $9.05B (67.7% of GDP) in Namibia.

Chile vs Namibia GDP by year

Chile
Namibia
1x
Year GDP, current $
Chile Namibia
2024 $330,267,137,372 $13,372,354,512
2023 $335,518,054,098 $12,408,271,449
2022 $301,226,575,540 $12,569,449,123
2021 $315,325,547,162 $12,402,486,184
2020 $254,042,159,309 $10,583,748,542
2019 $278,285,058,719 $12,541,928,303
2018 $295,857,562,992 $13,682,019,076
2017 $276,154,259,981 $12,895,153,371
2016 $249,344,863,928 $10,722,018,732
2015 $242,450,355,831 $11,335,161,084
2014 $259,560,978,224 $12,435,430,970
2013 $277,395,018,842 $12,043,307,277
2012 $267,024,782,487 $13,042,053,592
2011 $251,382,573,894 $12,523,359,441
2010 $217,051,209,239 $11,431,412,421
2009 $171,777,900,624 $8,938,847,189
2008 $179,894,594,475 $8,607,431,497
2007 $172,491,076,034 $8,839,536,476
2006 $153,843,518,171 $8,001,779,551
2005 $122,294,145,163 $7,248,374,838
2004 $99,075,985,774 $6,609,205,995
2003 $76,492,579,644 $4,926,439,384
2002 $70,264,045,939 $3,349,169,826
2001 $71,574,739,561 $3,557,341,215
2000 $78,339,750,721 $3,922,232,165
1999 $75,578,685,736 $3,868,551,730
1998 $81,990,010,704 $3,873,109,866
1997 $85,741,415,285 $4,154,989,950
1996 $78,584,098,984 $3,989,163,197
1995 $73,820,425,702 $3,978,514,206
1994 $57,438,273,591 $3,666,503,530
1993 $49,934,943,321 $3,251,188,833
1992 $46,538,895,686 $3,429,521,699
1991 $38,232,330,917 $2,996,869,281
1990 $33,428,580,448 $2,789,921,854
1989 $30,101,767,991 $2,535,135,798
1988 $26,174,858,614 $2,495,094,746
1987 $22,605,488,851 $2,300,068,217
1986 $19,197,818,085 $1,809,048,527
1985 $17,933,557,360 $1,608,237,350
1984 $19,974,595,028 $1,951,260,038
1983 $20,629,678,694 $2,297,400,688
1982 $19,710,229,067 $2,118,710,248
1981 $35,180,322,211 $2,249,908,578
1980 $29,586,676,576 $2,421,990,338
1979 $22,249,574,628 -
1978 $16,373,093,554 -
1977 $14,272,711,437 -
1976 $10,523,479,089 -
1975 $7,812,161,793 -
1974 $16,584,311,220 -
1973 $17,237,336,173 -
1972 $12,057,501,635 -
1971 $10,999,807,567 -
1970 $9,261,006,540 -
1969 $8,456,519,044 -
1968 $7,286,820,526 -
1967 $7,145,068,068 -
1966 $7,256,882,086 -
1965 $6,183,988,944 -
1964 $6,065,708,668 -
1963 $5,702,520,146 -
1962 $5,765,971,144 -
1961 $4,948,564,551 -
1960 $4,211,103,677 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/namibia | CC BY

GDP per capita in Chile vs Namibia by year

Chile
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Namibia
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Chile Namibia
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $16,710 $36,181 $4,413 $11,687
2023 $17,067 $33,145 $4,188 $11,251
2022 $15,406 $30,932 $4,350 $10,663
2021 $16,207 $29,090 $4,413 $9,709
2020 $13,115 $25,351 $3,879 $9,354
2019 $14,496 $25,612 $4,732 $9,609
2018 $15,659 $25,305 $5,309 $9,854
2017 $14,880 $24,295 $5,144 $9,888
2016 $13,650 $23,257 $4,396 $10,200
2015 $13,434 $22,468 $4,774 $10,466
2014 $14,530 $22,554 $5,378 $10,365
2013 $15,684 $22,201 $5,347 $9,699
2012 $15,242 $21,366 $5,943 $9,364
2011 $14,487 $20,122 $5,835 $9,002
2010 $12,633 $17,918 $5,418 $8,538
2009 $10,099 $15,951 $4,303 $8,079
2008 $10,683 $16,376 $4,205 $8,125
2007 $10,346 $16,698 $4,379 $7,875
2006 $9,319 $15,511 $4,017 $7,374
2005 $7,480 $12,550 $3,686 $6,767
2004 $6,121 $11,612 $3,403 $6,480
2003 $4,773 $10,708 $2,569 $5,693
2002 $4,431 $10,133 $1,772 $5,433
2001 $4,564 $9,776 $1,916 $5,196
2000 $5,053 $9,376 $2,157 $5,129
1999 $4,934 $8,839 $2,178 $4,961
1998 $5,420 $8,850 $2,235 $4,852
1997 $5,742 $8,510 $2,460 $4,764
1996 $5,334 $7,895 $2,423 $4,612
1995 $5,081 $7,232 $2,483 $4,509
1994 $4,012 $6,476 $2,356 $4,376
1993 $3,541 $6,061 $2,155 $4,345
1992 $3,352 $5,563 $2,347 $4,452
1991 $2,798 $4,886 $2,117 $4,192
1990 $2,488 $4,444 $2,037 $3,875
1989 $2,278 - $1,967 -
1988 $2,014 - $2,063 -
1987 $1,767 - $1,969 -
1986 $1,525 - $1,599 -
1985 $1,447 - $1,466 -
1984 $1,636 - $1,830 -
1983 $1,715 - $2,214 -
1982 $1,663 - $2,097 -
1981 $3,012 - $2,267 -
1980 $2,571 - $2,468 -
1979 $1,962 - - -
1978 $1,465 - - -
1977 $1,297 - - -
1976 $971 - - -
1975 $732 - - -
1974 $1,579 - - -
1973 $1,667 - - -
1972 $1,185 - - -
1971 $1,099 - - -
1970 $941 - - -
1969 $874 - - -
1968 $766 - - -
1967 $764 - - -
1966 $790 - - -
1965 $686 - - -
1964 $686 - - -
1963 $658 - - -
1962 $679 - - -
1961 $594 - - -
1960 $516 - - -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/namibia | CC BY

Chile's GDP per capita is $16,710, ranking 65/197, compared to $4,413 in Namibia, ranking 126/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Chile ranks 63rd at $36,181, while Namibia ranks 128th at $11,687.

Economic indicators

Chile Namibia
Gross domestic product
$330B
2024
$13.4B
2024
GDP rank
45/197
2024
147/197
2024
GDP growth
2.64%
2023-2024
3.71%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$16,710
2024
$4,413
2024
GDP per capita rank
65/197
2024
126/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$36,181
2024
$11,687
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
63/197
2024
128/197
2024
Government debt
$138B
2024
$9.05B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
41.7%
2024
67.7%
2024
Government debt per person
$6,960
2024
$2,988
2024
Government debt per person rank
68/185
2024
100/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$10,247
2026
$6,197
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$262B
2024
$2.48B
2024
Number of millionaires
81,274
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
6
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
34.5%
2022
47.2%
2015
Income share by poorest 10%
2.3%
2022
1%
2015
Government expenditure, % of GDP
26.7%
2024
39.9%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
4.3%
2023-2024
4.2%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
4.75%
2025
6.5%
2025
Unemployment rate
8.76%
2024
19.9%
2018
Population
19977856
3173089

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Chile
Spending

Debt
Namibia
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Chile Namibia
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 26.7% 41.7% 39.9% 67.7%
2023 27.4% 39.4% 37% 67.2%
2022 26.7% 37.9% 36.6% 69.4%
2021 33.6% 36.4% 39.3% 69.6%
2020 29.1% 32.4% 41.5% 64.3%
2019 26.5% 28.3% 37.4% 57.6%
2018 25.6% 25.8% 36.3% 48.7%
2017 25.5% 23.7% 38.1% 43.8%
2016 25.4% 21.1% 41.8% 45.8%
2015 25% 17.4% 43.7% 42.1%
2014 23.9% 15% 41.8% 27.6%
2013 23.1% 12.8% 38.3% 26.1%
2012 23.1% 11.9% 35% 24.6%
2011 22.9% 11.1% 38.5% 27.4%
2010 23.5% 8.61% 33.5% 16.3%
2009 25% 5.84% 32% 15.9%
2008 21.8% 4.92% 28.4% 19.1%
2007 19.3% 3.9% 26.1% 19.4%
2006 18.7% 5.02% 27.4% 26.1%
2005 20.2% 7.04% 27.7% 26.9%
2004 20.8% 10.3% 28.4% 29.2%
2003 22.2% 12.6% 31.1% 27.1%
2002 23.2% 15% 29.8% 22.2%
2001 23.2% 14.3% 30.7% 24.4%
2000 22.9% 13.1% 30.1% 20.9%
1999 23.7% 13.3% 31.8% 21.8%
1998 21.9% 12.1% 31.3% 19.6%
1997 20.6% 12.8% 30.9% 17.7%
1996 20.6% 14.6% 30.4% 18.7%
1995 19.4% 17.2% 29.6% 18%
1994 20.6% 22.6% 28.7% 16.4%
1993 21.1% 28% 32.4% 17.2%
1992 20.8% 30.3% 32.8% 14.1%
1991 21.2% 37% 33% 11.8%
1990 20.9% 50.3% 30.2% 12.9%
1989 19.8% 51.9% - -
1988 21.3% 71.2% - -
1987 22.9% 81.6% - -
1986 26.6% 88.4% - -
1985 28.5% 79.8% - -
1984 30% 56.6% - -
1983 29.2% 45.5% - -
1982 30.1% 20.3% - -
1981 26.4% 14% - -
1980 23.8% 17.4% - -
1979 24.8% 23.2% - -
1978 29.4% 26% - -
1977 30% 16.5% - -
1976 30% 19.5% - -
1975 33.6% 28.4% - -
1974 32.3% 18.8% - -
1973 30.8% 11.1% - -
1972 35% 10.1% - -
1971 27.2% 20% - -
1970 21.1% 26.3% - -
1969 18.7% 21.5% - -
1968 19.3% 17.9% - -
1967 19.1% 14.9% - -
1966 20.5% 12.6% - -
1965 20.5% 12.6% - -
1964 17.8% 9.6% - -
1963 18.9% 9.23% - -
1962 21.3% 6.99% - -
1961 19.5% 7.97% - -
1960 19.7% 7.02% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1992, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/namibia | CC BY

In 2024, Chile's government spending was $88.3B, accounting for 26.7% of its GDP, while Namibia spent $5.34B, or 39.9% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 41.7% in Chile and 67.7% in Namibia, ranking 129/185 and 61/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Chile

Namibia
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Chile Namibia
2024 -2.82% -3.59%
2023 -2.27% -3.14%
2022 1.36% -6.33%
2021 -7.53% -8.68%
2020 -7.1% -8.07%
2019 -2.73% -5.49%
2018 -1.48% -5.09%
2017 -2.63% -4.99%
2016 -2.66% -9.3%
2015 -2.09% -8.3%
2014 -1.5% -6.44%
2013 -0.47% -4.69%
2012 0.68% -3.1%
2011 1.43% -7.09%
2010 -0.36% -4.98%
2009 -4.26% -0.4%
2008 3.93% 3.48%
2007 7.95% 6.01%
2006 7.51% 3.41%
2005 4.57% -0.31%
2004 2.05% -2.67%
2003 -0.42% -4.47%
2002 -1.17% -1.38%
2001 -0.49% -2.01%
2000 -0.69% -0.79%
1999 -2.02% -1.88%
1998 0.39% -2.76%
1997 2.04% -2.38%
1996 2.07% -3.7%
1995 3.09% -1.74%
1994 1.43% -0.57%
1993 1.41% -2.73%
1992 2.09% -2.55%
1991 1.54% -1.59%
1990 2.24% 1.08%
1989 5.31% -
1988 4.07% -
1987 2.36% -
1986 -0.92% -
1985 -2.22% -
1984 -2.95% -
1983 -2.67% -
1982 -1.02% -
1981 2.56% -
1980 5.41% -
1979 4.82% -
1978 -0.11% -
1977 -1.11% -
1976 -0.48% -
1975 -0.41% -
1974 -5.79% -
1973 -7.32% -
1972 -12.7% -
1971 -7.98% -
1970 -1.22% -
1969 0.6% -
1968 -0.79% -
1967 -0.64% -
1966 -1.88% -
1965 -1.64% -
1964 -2.24% -
1963 -3.29% -
1962 -4.31% -
1961 -2.89% -
1960 -3.14% -
1959 1.56% -
1958 -0.1% -
1957 -0.71% -
1956 -1.3% -
1955 -2.79% -
1954 -2.84% -
1953 -4.05% -
1952 -1.82% -
1951 -0.71% -
1950 -0.92% -
1949 1.71% -
1948 2.56% -
1947 -0.2% -
1946 0.12% -
1945 0.73% -
1944 0.25% -
1943 0.81% -
1942 1.51% -
1941 1.9% -
1940 2.64% -
1939 1.74% -
1938 1.25% -
1937 1.42% -
1936 2.62% -
1935 4.23% -
1934 2.42% -
1933 1.76% -
1932 -0.32% -
1931 -2.73% -
1930 1.47% -
1929 1.89% -
1928 4.11% -
1927 -0.17% -
1926 -3.23% -
1925 2.44% -
1924 3.68% -
1923 2.87% -
1922 -0.23% -
1921 -0.57% -
1920 -1.8% -
1919 -2.53% -
1918 0.71% -
1917 0.49% -
1916 0.98% -
1915 -2.13% -
1914 -2.67% -
1913 -2.23% -
1912 -3.29% -
1911 -3.32% -
1910 -3.17% -
1909 -2.26% -
1908 -0.84% -
1907 -2.39% -
1906 -2.8% -
1905 -1.31% -
1904 -1.6% -
1903 -1.35% -
1902 -3.65% -
1901 -3.93% -
1900 -1.89% -
1899 -0.78% -
1898 -3.84% -
1897 -1.78% -
1896 -5.36% -
1895 -2.31% -
1894 0.82% -
1893 -0.59% -
1892 -1.33% -
1891 -6.72% -
1890 -3.65% -
1889 -2.71% -
1888 -0.58% -
1887 -4% -
1886 -5.17% -
1885 -2.46% -
1884 -3.23% -
1883 -3.57% -
1882 -2.86% -
1881 -1.83% -
1880 -2% -
1879 -4.34% -
1878 -2.27% -
1877 -3.88% -
1876 -3.17% -
1875 -3.73% -
1874 -4.75% -
1873 -1.94% -
1872 -1.78% -
1871 -2.38% -
1870 -1.83% -
1869 -1.07% -
1868 -2.85% -
1867 -4.31% -
1866 -5.72% -
1865 -1.95% -
1864 -1.07% -
1863 -0.26% -
1862 -0.13% -
1861 -0.5% -
1860 -0.07% -
1859 -1.6% -
1858 -1.37% -
1857 -0.3% -
1856 0.11% -
1855 0.1% -
1854 -0.2% -
1853 0.27% -
1852 0.68% -
1851 -0.39% -
1850 0.35% -
1849 0.6% -
1848 -0.25% -
1847 0.04% -
1846 0.36% -
1845 -0.21% -
1844 0.48% -
1843 0.69% -
1842 1.1% -
1841 0.31% -
1840 0.34% -
1839 0.25% -
1838 -0.21% -
1837 -0.05% -
1836 -0.17% -
1835 -0.58% -
1834 -0.39% -
1833 -0.45% -
1832 -0.57% -
1831 -0.77% -
1830 -0.51% -
1829 -0.06% -
1828 -0.3% -
1827 0.07% -
1826 -0.08% -
1825 0.05% -
1824 -0.37% -
1823 0.98% -
1822 1.28% -
1821 -0.19% -
1820 0.64% -
1819 0.16% -
1818 1.52% -
1817 0.94% -
1816 1.21% -
1815 1.53% -
1814 1.91% -
1813 2.34% -
1812 2.79% -
1811 3.24% -
1810 3.64% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/namibia | CC BY

In 2024, Chile's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $9.3B, equivalent to 2.82% of GDP. This compares to Namibia's deficit of $480M, or 3.59% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, Chile recorded a fiscal deficit in 18 of those years, while Namibia ran a deficit in 31 years. On average, Chile posted an annual surplus equal to 0.09% of GDP, compared to deficit of 3.06% of GDP for Namibia.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Chile

Namibia
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Chile Namibia
2024 4.3% 4.2%
2023 7.58% 5.9%
2022 11.6% 6.1%
2021 4.52% 3.6%
2020 3.05% 2.2%
2019 2.56% 3.7%
2018 2.43% 4.3%
2017 2.18% 6.1%
2016 3.79% 6.7%
2015 4.35% 3.4%
2014 4.72% 5.3%
2013 1.79% 5.6%
2012 3.01% 6.7%
2011 3.34% 5%
2010 1.41% 4.9%
2009 0.35% 9.5%
2008 8.72% 9.1%
2007 4.41% 6.5%
2006 3.39% 5%
2005 3.05% 2.3%
2004 1.05% 4.1%
2003 2.81% 7.2%
2002 2.49% 12.7%
2001 3.57% 10.2%
2000 3.84% 10.2%
1999 3.34% 9.4%
1998 5.11% 6.6%
1997 6.13% 9.7%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/namibia | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Chile has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 3.89%, compared with 6.29% in Namibia. In 2024, inflation was 4.3% in Chile and 4.2% in Namibia.

Top exports between countries

Chile
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $45M
Metals $1.09M
Chemicals & pharma $1.03M
Machinery & equipment $264K
Animal & marine products $31K
Raw agricultural goods $27K
Namibia
Export category Export value
Metals $1.27M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $50K
Textiles & consumer goods $2K

Balance of trade

Chile Namibia
Current account balance
-$4.85B
2024
-$1.89M
2024
Current account balance ranking
166/190
2024
78/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.47%
2024
-0.01%
2024
Goods imports
$78.1B
2024
$6.77B
2024
Goods exports
$99.2B
2024
$4.67B
2024
Service imports
$21.1B
2024
$2.47B
2024
Service exports
$12B
2024
$1.29B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
30.1%
2024
68%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
33.7%
2024
41.6%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Chile Namibia
Economic freedom 74.3 60.2
Economic freedom ranking 20/197 95/197
Property rights 69.7 63.1
Government integrity 67.8 51.5
Judicial effectiveness 90.3 67.2
Tax burden 72.5 66.4
Government spending 78.2 57.1
Fiscal health 94.1 60.5
Business freedom 78.5 58
Labor freedom 56.8 62.7
Monetary freedom 75.1 76.1
Trade freedom 78 69.8
Investment freedom 60 50
Financial freedom 70 40

Economic freedom comparison by year

Chile
Namibia
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Chile Namibia
2026 74.3 60.2
2025 73.2 58.7
2024 71.4 57.5
2023 71.1 57.7
2022 74.4 59.2
2021 75.2 62.6
2020 76.8 60.9
2019 75.4 58.7
2018 75.2 58.5
2017 76.5 62.5
2016 77.7 61.9
2015 78.5 59.6
2014 78.7 59.4
2013 79 60.3
2012 78.3 61.9
2011 77.4 62.7
2010 77.2 62.2
2009 78.3 62.4
2008 78.6 61.4
2007 77.7 63.5
2006 78 60.7
2005 77.8 61.4
2004 76.9 62.4
2003 76 67.3
2002 77.8 65.1
2001 75.1 64.8
2000 74.7 66.7
1999 74.1 66.1
1998 74.9 66.1
1997 75.9 61.6
1996 72.6 -
1995 71.2 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/namibia | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Chile is 74.3, ranking 20/197, compared to 60.2 for Namibia, ranking 95/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Chile Namibia
Services, % of GDP
56.1%
2024
54.5%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
30.1%
2024
28.9%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
3.91%
2024
7.29%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$311B
2024
$12.8B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$34,320
2024
$11,300
2024
Total reserves including gold
$44.4B
2024
$3.36B
2024
Total reserves ranking
45/177
2024
115/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$8.93B
2024
-$1.93M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$12.5B
2024
$1.97B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$3.59B
2024
$44.5M
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
6.5%
2022
17.4%
2015
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.2%
2024
25.6%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/namibia | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Help us show the world through your eyes

Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.

Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1992, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2021–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.