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Economy of Chile vs Iran compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Chile has a GDP of $330B compared to $475B for Iran, ranking 45/197 and 34/197 by economy size, respectively.

Chile has $138B in government debt (41.7% of GDP), compared to $162B (34% of GDP) in Iran.

Chile vs Iran GDP by year

Chile
Iran
1x
Year GDP, current $
Chile Iran
2024 $330,267,137,372 $475,252,089,215
2023 $335,518,054,098 $457,510,482,317
2022 $301,226,575,540 $422,662,261,526
2021 $315,325,547,162 $407,350,685,583
2020 $254,042,159,309 $280,934,329,280
2019 $278,285,058,719 $347,988,400,958
2018 $295,857,562,992 $411,903,303,606
2017 $276,154,259,981 $510,239,893,418
2016 $249,344,863,928 $478,618,064,871
2015 $242,450,355,831 $409,191,686,497
2014 $259,560,978,224 $462,284,793,281
2013 $277,395,018,842 $500,399,839,840
2012 $267,024,782,487 $644,019,315,004
2011 $251,382,573,894 $629,082,257,472
2010 $217,051,209,239 $487,069,570,464
2009 $171,777,900,624 $414,059,094,949
2008 $179,894,594,475 $406,070,949,554
2007 $172,491,076,034 $349,736,591,832
2006 $153,843,518,171 $265,602,187,404
2005 $122,294,145,163 $224,970,371,325
2004 $99,075,985,774 $187,754,571,248
2003 $76,492,579,644 $151,911,222,119
2002 $70,264,045,939 $128,626,917,504
2001 $71,574,739,561 $126,878,750,296
2000 $78,339,750,721 $109,591,707,802
1999 $75,578,685,736 $113,848,450,088
1998 $81,990,010,704 $110,276,913,363
1997 $85,741,415,285 $113,919,163,421
1996 $78,584,098,984 $120,403,931,885
1995 $73,820,425,702 $96,419,225,744
1994 $57,438,273,591 $71,841,461,173
1993 $49,934,943,321 $63,743,623,232
1992 $46,538,895,686 $119,768,691,217
1991 $38,232,330,917 $131,637,664,958
1990 $33,428,580,448 $124,813,263,926
1989 $30,101,767,991 $120,496,362,916
1988 $26,174,858,614 $123,057,861,334
1987 $22,605,488,851 $134,009,995,923
1986 $19,197,818,085 $209,094,561,833
1985 $17,933,557,360 $180,183,629,600
1984 $19,974,595,028 $162,276,728,620
1983 $20,629,678,694 $156,365,156,618
1982 $19,710,229,067 $125,948,756,439
1981 $35,180,322,211 $100,499,312,750
1980 $29,586,676,576 $94,362,275,580
1979 $22,249,574,628 $90,391,877,326
1978 $16,373,093,554 $77,994,316,621
1977 $14,272,711,437 $80,600,122,702
1976 $10,523,479,089 $68,055,295,081
1975 $7,812,161,793 $51,776,222,350
1974 $16,584,311,220 $46,209,092,072
1973 $17,237,336,173 $27,081,698,250
1972 $12,057,501,635 $17,153,463,263
1971 $10,999,807,567 $13,731,802,833
1970 $9,261,006,540 $10,976,245,154
1969 $8,456,519,044 $9,743,089,607
1968 $7,286,820,526 $8,623,172,960
1967 $7,145,068,068 $7,555,383,690
1966 $7,256,882,086 $6,789,938,672
1965 $6,183,988,944 $6,197,319,929
1964 $6,065,708,668 $5,379,845,648
1963 $5,702,520,146 $4,928,628,018
1962 $5,765,971,144 $4,693,566,416
1961 $4,948,564,551 $4,426,949,095
1960 $4,211,103,677 $4,199,134,390

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/iran | CC BY

GDP per capita in Chile vs Iran by year

Chile
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Iran
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Chile Iran
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $16,710 $36,181 $5,190 $19,874
2023 $17,067 $33,145 $5,049 $18,917
2022 $15,406 $30,932 $4,721 $17,546
2021 $16,207 $29,090 $4,605 $15,884
2020 $13,115 $25,351 $3,203 $15,119
2019 $14,496 $25,612 $3,997 $13,928
2018 $15,659 $25,305 $4,783 $15,324
2017 $14,880 $24,295 $6,001 $15,719
2016 $13,650 $23,257 $5,711 $15,195
2015 $13,434 $22,468 $4,953 $14,274
2014 $14,530 $22,554 $5,672 $16,065
2013 $15,684 $22,201 $6,223 $16,215
2012 $15,242 $21,366 $8,114 $17,021
2011 $14,487 $20,122 $8,026 $19,275
2010 $12,633 $17,918 $6,291 $18,628
2009 $10,099 $15,951 $5,416 $17,615
2008 $10,683 $16,376 $5,377 $17,549
2007 $10,346 $16,698 $4,688 $17,384
2006 $9,319 $15,511 $3,619 $15,907
2005 $7,480 $12,550 $3,132 $15,016
2004 $6,121 $11,612 $2,672 $14,425
2003 $4,773 $10,708 $2,209 $13,755
2002 $4,431 $10,133 $1,891 $12,554
2001 $4,564 $9,776 $1,881 $11,533
2000 $5,053 $9,376 $1,650 $11,187
1999 $4,934 $8,839 $1,740 $10,489
1998 $5,420 $8,850 $1,709 $10,285
1997 $5,742 $8,510 $1,790 $10,101
1996 $5,334 $7,895 $1,915 $9,916
1995 $5,081 $7,232 $1,550 $9,255
1994 $4,012 $6,476 $1,168 $8,951
1993 $3,541 $6,061 $1,038 $8,933
1992 $3,352 $5,563 $1,957 $8,888
1991 $2,798 $4,886 $2,194 $8,580
1990 $2,488 $4,444 $2,138 $7,566
1989 $2,278 - $2,125 -
1988 $2,014 - $2,234 -
1987 $1,767 - $2,513 -
1986 $1,525 - $4,064 -
1985 $1,447 - $3,634 -
1984 $1,636 - $3,395 -
1983 $1,715 - $3,397 -
1982 $1,663 - $2,845 -
1981 $3,012 - $2,393 -
1980 $2,571 - $2,368 -
1979 $1,962 - $2,352 -
1978 $1,465 - $2,101 -
1977 $1,297 - $2,243 -
1976 $971 - $1,954 -
1975 $732 - $1,532 -
1974 $1,579 - $1,409 -
1973 $1,667 - $851 -
1972 $1,185 - $555 -
1971 $1,099 - $457 -
1970 $941 - $377 -
1969 $874 - $345 -
1968 $766 - $314 -
1967 $764 - $283.7 -
1966 $790 - $262.9 -
1965 $686 - $247.5 -
1964 $686 - $221.7 -
1963 $658 - $209.6 -
1962 $679 - $205.8 -
1961 $594 - $200.1 -
1960 $516 - $195.6 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/iran | CC BY

Chile's GDP per capita is $16,710, ranking 65/197, compared to $5,190 in Iran, ranking 119/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Chile ranks 63rd at $36,181, while Iran ranks 97th at $19,874.

Economic indicators

Chile Iran
Gross domestic product
$330B
2024
$475B
2024
GDP rank
45/197
2024
34/197
2024
GDP growth
2.64%
2023-2024
3.66%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$16,710
2024
$5,190
2024
GDP per capita rank
65/197
2024
119/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$36,181
2024
$19,874
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
63/197
2024
97/197
2024
Government debt
$138B
2024
$162B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
41.7%
2024
34%
2024
Government debt per person
$6,960
2024
$1,764
2024
Government debt per person rank
68/185
2024
122/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$10,247
2026
$2,964
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$262B
2024
$172B
2024
Number of millionaires
81,274
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
6
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
34.5%
2022
28.2%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
2.3%
2022
2.8%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
26.7%
2024
14.2%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
4.3%
2023-2024
32.5%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
4.75%
2025
23%
2023
Unemployment rate
8.76%
2024
7.63%
2024
Population
19977856
93468444

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Chile
Spending

Debt
Iran
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Chile Iran
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 26.7% 41.7% 14.2% 34%
2023 27.4% 39.4% 12.8% 29.6%
2022 26.7% 37.9% 12.8% 34.5%
2021 33.6% 36.4% 13.4% 39.9%
2020 29.1% 32.4% 12.1% 47.1%
2019 26.5% 28.3% 13.6% 44.6%
2018 25.6% 25.8% 14.8% 41.6%
2017 25.5% 23.7% 16.4% 43.2%
2016 25.4% 21.1% 16.3% 45.9%
2015 25% 17.4% 14.1% 32.1%
2014 23.9% 15% 12.3% 10.9%
2013 23.1% 12.8% 11.5% 10.2%
2012 23.1% 11.9% 11.4% 11.7%
2011 22.9% 11.1% 14.6% 10.6%
2010 23.5% 8.61% 14.1% 12.8%
2009 25% 5.84% 15.7% 11.5%
2008 21.8% 4.92% 16.8% 10.6%
2007 19.3% 3.9% 14.2% 13.5%
2006 18.7% 5.02% 18.7% 15.2%
2005 20.2% 7.04% 17.9% 18.3%
2004 20.8% 10.3% 15.1% 21.1%
2003 22.2% 12.6% 15.7% 21.9%
2002 23.2% 15% 15.6% 23.4%
2001 23.2% 14.3% 13.6% 21%
2000 22.9% 13.1% 13.3% 18.2%
1999 23.7% 13.3% 15.7% 22.2%
1998 21.9% 12.1% 16.9% 29.6%
1997 20.6% 12.8% 17.4% 30.9%
1996 20.6% 14.6% 17.3% 29.3%
1995 19.4% 17.2% 21% 31.2%
1994 20.6% 22.6% 23% 41.7%
1993 21.1% 28% 27.2% 25.6%
1992 20.8% 30.3% 14.4% 25.2%
1991 21.2% 37% 14% 29.3%
1990 20.9% 50.3% 16.4% 37%
1989 19.8% 51.9% 20% 48.8%
1988 21.3% 71.2% 23.6% 53.2%
1987 22.9% 81.6% 18.6% 48.6%
1986 26.6% 88.4% 19% 47.4%
1985 28.5% 79.8% 21.6% 8.73%
1984 30% 56.6% 23.7% 10%
1983 29.2% 45.5% 27.5% 35.7%
1982 30.1% 20.3% 29.7% 47.7%
1981 26.4% 14% 33.7% 47.6%
1980 23.8% 17.4% 35.8% 35.5%
1979 24.8% 23.2% - -
1978 29.4% 26% - -
1977 30% 16.5% - 9.23%
1976 30% 19.5% - 6.92%
1975 33.6% 28.4% - 8.81%
1974 32.3% 18.8% - 6.68%
1973 30.8% 11.1% - 12.8%
1972 35% 10.1% - 12.7%
1971 27.2% 20% - 14.2%
1970 21.1% 26.3% - 14.1%
1969 18.7% 21.5% - -
1968 19.3% 17.9% 23.6% -
1967 19.1% 14.9% 22.3% -
1966 20.5% 12.6% 20.5% -
1965 20.5% 12.6% 16.3% 14.9%
1964 17.8% 9.6% 15.4% 15.2%
1963 18.9% 9.23% 14.8% 12.4%
1962 21.3% 6.99% 15.6% 13.4%
1961 19.5% 7.97% - -
1960 19.7% 7.02% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1995, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/iran | CC BY

In 2024, Chile's government spending was $88.3B, accounting for 26.7% of its GDP, while Iran spent $67.5B, or 14.2% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 41.7% in Chile and 34% in Iran, ranking 129/185 and 147/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Chile

Iran
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Chile Iran
2024 -2.82% -3.83%
2023 -2.27% -2.54%
2022 1.36% -2.64%
2021 -7.53% -3.01%
2020 -7.1% -4.87%
2019 -2.73% -4.3%
2018 -1.48% -1.59%
2017 -2.63% -1.55%
2016 -2.66% -1.7%
2015 -2.09% -1.3%
2014 -1.5% -0.91%
2013 -0.47% -0.72%
2012 0.68% -0.5%
2011 1.43% -0.66%
2010 -0.36% -0.84%
2009 -4.26% -3.3%
2008 3.93% -4.39%
2007 7.95% -2.41%
2006 7.51% -4.91%
2005 4.57% -2.44%
2004 2.05% -2.45%
2003 -0.42% -2.76%
2002 -1.17% -2.88%
2001 -0.49% 0.02%
2000 -0.69% 5.42%
1999 -2.02% -0.51%
1998 0.39% -5.03%
1997 2.04% -1.81%
1996 2.07% -0.75%
1995 3.09% -2.63%
1994 1.43% -3.36%
1993 1.41% -5.15%
1992 2.09% -0.86%
1991 1.54% -1.64%
1990 2.24% -1.73%
1989 5.31% -4.45%
1988 4.07% -10.3%
1987 2.36% -6.84%
1986 -0.92% -7.84%
1985 -2.22% -3.74%
1984 -2.95% -4.02%
1983 -2.67% -6.15%
1982 -1.02% -5.55%
1981 2.56% -10.7%
1980 5.41% -14.2%
1979 4.82% -
1978 -0.11% -
1977 -1.11% -
1976 -0.48% -
1975 -0.41% -
1974 -5.79% -
1973 -7.32% -
1972 -12.7% -
1971 -7.98% -
1970 -1.22% -
1969 0.6% -
1968 -0.79% -4.57%
1967 -0.64% -4%
1966 -1.88% -2.63%
1965 -1.64% -1.23%
1964 -2.24% -0.04%
1963 -3.29% 0.26%
1962 -4.31% -1.39%
1961 -2.89% -
1960 -3.14% -
1959 1.56% -
1958 -0.1% -
1957 -0.71% -
1956 -1.3% -
1955 -2.79% -
1954 -2.84% -
1953 -4.05% -
1952 -1.82% -
1951 -0.71% -
1950 -0.92% -
1949 1.71% -
1948 2.56% -
1947 -0.2% -
1946 0.12% -
1945 0.73% -
1944 0.25% -
1943 0.81% -
1942 1.51% -
1941 1.9% -
1940 2.64% -
1939 1.74% -
1938 1.25% -
1937 1.42% -
1936 2.62% -
1935 4.23% -
1934 2.42% -
1933 1.76% -
1932 -0.32% -
1931 -2.73% -
1930 1.47% -
1929 1.89% -
1928 4.11% -
1927 -0.17% -
1926 -3.23% -
1925 2.44% -
1924 3.68% -
1923 2.87% -
1922 -0.23% -
1921 -0.57% -
1920 -1.8% -
1919 -2.53% -
1918 0.71% -
1917 0.49% -
1916 0.98% -
1915 -2.13% -
1914 -2.67% -
1913 -2.23% -
1912 -3.29% -
1911 -3.32% -
1910 -3.17% -
1909 -2.26% -
1908 -0.84% -
1907 -2.39% -
1906 -2.8% -
1905 -1.31% -
1904 -1.6% -
1903 -1.35% -
1902 -3.65% -
1901 -3.93% -
1900 -1.89% -
1899 -0.78% -
1898 -3.84% -
1897 -1.78% -
1896 -5.36% -
1895 -2.31% -
1894 0.82% -
1893 -0.59% -
1892 -1.33% -
1891 -6.72% -
1890 -3.65% -
1889 -2.71% -
1888 -0.58% -
1887 -4% -
1886 -5.17% -
1885 -2.46% -
1884 -3.23% -
1883 -3.57% -
1882 -2.86% -
1881 -1.83% -
1880 -2% -
1879 -4.34% -
1878 -2.27% -
1877 -3.88% -
1876 -3.17% -
1875 -3.73% -
1874 -4.75% -
1873 -1.94% -
1872 -1.78% -
1871 -2.38% -
1870 -1.83% -
1869 -1.07% -
1868 -2.85% -
1867 -4.31% -
1866 -5.72% -
1865 -1.95% -
1864 -1.07% -
1863 -0.26% -
1862 -0.13% -
1861 -0.5% -
1860 -0.07% -
1859 -1.6% -
1858 -1.37% -
1857 -0.3% -
1856 0.11% -
1855 0.1% -
1854 -0.2% -
1853 0.27% -
1852 0.68% -
1851 -0.39% -
1850 0.35% -
1849 0.6% -
1848 -0.25% -
1847 0.04% -
1846 0.36% -
1845 -0.21% -
1844 0.48% -
1843 0.69% -
1842 1.1% -
1841 0.31% -
1840 0.34% -
1839 0.25% -
1838 -0.21% -
1837 -0.05% -
1836 -0.17% -
1835 -0.58% -
1834 -0.39% -
1833 -0.45% -
1832 -0.57% -
1831 -0.77% -
1830 -0.51% -
1829 -0.06% -
1828 -0.3% -
1827 0.07% -
1826 -0.08% -
1825 0.05% -
1824 -0.37% -
1823 0.98% -
1822 1.28% -
1821 -0.19% -
1820 0.64% -
1819 0.16% -
1818 1.52% -
1817 0.94% -
1816 1.21% -
1815 1.53% -
1814 1.91% -
1813 2.34% -
1812 2.79% -
1811 3.24% -
1810 3.64% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/iran | CC BY

In 2024, Chile's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $9.3B, equivalent to 2.82% of GDP. This compares to Iran's deficit of $18.2B, or 3.83% of GDP.

Over the past 63 years, Chile recorded a fiscal deficit in 39 of those years, while Iran ran a deficit in 49 years. On average, Chile posted an annual deficit equal to 0.53% of GDP, compared to deficit of 3.11% of GDP for Iran.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Chile

Iran
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Chile Iran
2024 4.3% 32.5%
2023 7.58% 44.6%
2022 11.6% 43.5%
2021 4.52% 43.4%
2020 3.05% 30.6%
2019 2.56% 39.9%
2018 2.43% 18%
2017 2.18% 8.04%
2016 3.79% 7.25%
2015 4.35% 12.5%
2014 4.72% 16.6%
2013 1.79% 36.6%
2012 3.01% 27.3%
2011 3.34% 26.3%
2010 1.41% 10.1%
2009 0.35% 13.6%
2008 8.72% 25.4%
2007 4.41% 17.3%
2006 3.39% 10%
2005 3.05% 13.4%
2004 1.05% 14.8%
2003 2.81% 16.5%
2002 2.49% 14.3%
2001 3.57% 11.3%
2000 3.84% 14.5%
1999 3.34% 20.1%
1998 5.11% 17.9%
1997 6.13% 17.3%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/iran | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Chile has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 3.89%, compared with 21.6% in Iran. In 2024, inflation was 4.3% in Chile and 32.5% in Iran.

Top exports between countries

Chile
Export category Export value
Raw agricultural goods $2.28M
Chemicals & pharma $1.15M
Machinery & equipment $362K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $255K
Raw materials & minerals $190K
Textiles & consumer goods $136K
Animal & marine products $92K
Miscellaneous $41K
Precious metals & jewellery $4K
Iran
Export category Export value
Chemicals & pharma $641K
Raw agricultural goods $248K
Raw materials & minerals $56K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $46K
Machinery & equipment $7K

Balance of trade

Chile Iran
Current account balance
-$4.85B
2024
$12.5B
2000
Current account balance ranking
166/190
2024
22/190
2000
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.47%
2024
+11.4%
2000
Goods imports
$78.1B
2024
$15.2B
2000
Goods exports
$99.2B
2024
$28.3B
2000
Service imports
$21.1B
2024
$2.3B
2000
Service exports
$12B
2024
$1.38B
2000
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
30.1%
2024
28.5%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
33.7%
2024
23.6%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Chile Iran
Economic freedom 74.3 41.8
Economic freedom ranking 20/197 185/197
Property rights 69.7 20.2
Government integrity 67.8 16.2
Judicial effectiveness 90.3 18.7
Tax burden 72.5 81.3
Government spending 78.2 94.7
Fiscal health 94.1 83.3
Business freedom 78.5 37.4
Labor freedom 56.8 41.8
Monetary freedom 75.1 42.2
Trade freedom 78 55.8
Investment freedom 60 5
Financial freedom 70 5

Economic freedom comparison by year

Chile
Iran
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Chile Iran
2026 74.3 41.8
2025 73.2 42.5
2024 71.4 41.2
2023 71.1 42.2
2022 74.4 42.4
2021 75.2 47.2
2020 76.8 49.2
2019 75.4 51.1
2018 75.2 50.9
2017 76.5 50.5
2016 77.7 43.5
2015 78.5 41.8
2014 78.7 40.3
2013 79 43.2
2012 78.3 42.3
2011 77.4 42.1
2010 77.2 43.4
2009 78.3 44.6
2008 78.6 45
2007 77.7 45
2006 78 45
2005 77.8 50.5
2004 76.9 42.8
2003 76 43.2
2002 77.8 36.4
2001 75.1 35.9
2000 74.7 36.1
1999 74.1 36.8
1998 74.9 36
1997 75.9 34.5
1996 72.6 36.1
1995 71.2 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/iran | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Chile is 74.3, ranking 20/197, compared to 41.8 for Iran, ranking 185/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Chile Iran
Services, % of GDP
56.1%
2024
49.8%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
30.1%
2024
36.1%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
3.91%
2024
10.8%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$311B
2024
$469B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$34,320
2024
$19,820
2024
Total reserves including gold
$44.4B
2024
$7.69B
1982
Total reserves ranking
45/177
2024
85/177
1982
Net foreign direct investment
-$8.93B
2024
-$39M
2000
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$12.5B
2024
$1.45B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$3.59B
2024
$89.4M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
0.08%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
6.5%
2022
18.7%
2020
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.2%
2024
44.3%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/iran | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1995, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2022–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-02-20)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.