Skip to content

Economy of Brunei vs Chile compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Brunei has a GDP of $15.3B compared to $330B for Chile, ranking 142/197 and 45/197 by economy size, respectively.

Brunei has $351M in government debt (2.29% of GDP), compared to $138B (41.7% of GDP) in Chile.

Brunei vs Chile GDP by year

Brunei
Chile
1x
Year GDP, current $
Brunei Chile
2024 $15,340,808,592 $330,267,137,372
2023 $15,095,084,656 $335,518,054,098
2022 $16,681,536,467 $301,226,575,540
2021 $14,006,496,617 $315,325,547,162
2020 $12,005,799,654 $254,042,159,309
2019 $13,469,235,365 $278,285,058,719
2018 $13,566,908,391 $295,857,562,992
2017 $12,128,168,045 $276,154,259,981
2016 $11,400,266,045 $249,344,863,928
2015 $12,930,296,870 $242,450,355,831
2014 $17,097,797,386 $259,560,978,224
2013 $18,094,148,099 $277,395,018,842
2012 $19,048,443,341 $267,024,782,487
2011 $18,524,791,063 $251,382,573,894
2010 $13,707,121,038 $217,051,209,239
2009 $11,912,904,510 $171,777,900,624
2008 $15,926,456,515 $179,894,594,475
2007 $13,432,029,484 $172,491,076,034
2006 $12,644,616,419 $153,843,518,171
2005 $10,547,202,621 $122,294,145,163
2004 $8,619,178,774 $99,075,985,774
2003 $7,167,725,262 $76,492,579,644
2002 $6,333,082,876 $70,264,045,939
2001 $6,096,155,767 $71,574,739,561
2000 $6,570,999,088 $78,339,750,721
1999 $6,309,070,378 $75,578,685,736
1998 $5,550,846,020 $81,990,010,704
1997 $7,793,034,376 $85,741,415,285
1996 $7,663,377,306 $78,584,098,984
1995 $7,700,144,069 $73,820,425,702
1994 $6,467,782,518 $57,438,273,591
1993 $6,203,339,912 $49,934,943,321
1992 $6,327,966,435 $46,538,895,686
1991 $6,284,497,294 $38,232,330,917
1990 $6,039,881,087 $33,428,580,448
1989 $4,983,622,881 $30,101,767,991
1988 $4,535,130,305 $26,174,858,614
1987 $4,918,010,080 $22,605,488,851
1986 $4,190,280,003 $19,197,818,085
1985 $6,967,623,884 $17,933,557,360
1984 $7,632,788,075 $19,974,595,028
1983 $7,927,590,750 $20,629,678,694
1982 $8,932,198,186 $19,710,229,067
1981 $9,367,218,664 $35,180,322,211
1980 $10,795,432,294 $29,586,676,576
1979 $6,044,367,628 $22,249,574,628
1978 $4,100,423,674 $16,373,093,554
1977 $3,681,242,528 $14,272,711,437
1976 $3,054,765,590 $10,523,479,089
1975 $2,496,420,258 $7,812,161,793
1974 $2,319,576,214 $16,584,311,220
1973 $433,095,527 $17,237,336,173
1972 $270,822,782 $12,057,501,635
1971 $197,525,768 $10,999,807,567
1970 $179,078,929 $9,261,006,540
1969 $161,210,236 $8,456,519,044
1968 $160,818,236 $7,286,820,526
1967 $139,029,537 $7,145,068,068
1966 $132,757,528 $7,256,882,086
1965 $114,039,501 $6,183,988,944
1964 - $6,065,708,668
1963 - $5,702,520,146
1962 - $5,765,971,144
1961 - $4,948,564,551
1960 - $4,211,103,677

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/brunei/chile | CC BY

GDP per capita in Brunei vs Chile by year

Brunei
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Chile
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Brunei Chile
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $33,153 $89,879 $16,710 $36,181
2023 $32,891 $85,033 $17,067 $33,145
2022 $36,633 $81,802 $15,406 $30,932
2021 $31,007 $78,249 $16,207 $29,090
2020 $26,834 $69,788 $13,115 $25,351
2019 $30,427 $69,354 $14,496 $25,612
2018 $30,988 $65,149 $15,659 $25,305
2017 $28,024 $61,658 $14,880 $24,295
2016 $26,663 $56,680 $13,650 $23,257
2015 $30,625 $62,708 $13,434 $22,468
2014 $41,027 $81,226 $14,530 $22,554
2013 $44,003 $83,237 $15,684 $22,201
2012 $46,969 $87,256 $15,242 $21,366
2011 $46,383 $82,735 $14,487 $20,122
2010 $34,938 $79,543 $12,633 $17,918
2009 $30,946 $77,957 $10,099 $15,951
2008 $42,157 $80,477 $10,683 $16,376
2007 $36,217 $83,693 $10,346 $16,698
2006 $34,675 $86,114 $9,319 $15,511
2005 $29,386 $81,534 $7,480 $12,550
2004 $24,423 $80,404 $6,121 $11,612
2003 $20,678 $79,632 $4,773 $10,708
2002 $18,621 $76,838 $4,431 $10,133
2001 $18,288 $74,254 $4,564 $9,776
2000 $20,130 $73,087 $5,053 $9,376
1999 $19,752 $70,585 $4,934 $8,839
1998 $17,769 $68,257 $5,420 $8,850
1997 $25,522 $73,980 $5,742 $8,510
1996 $25,692 $70,008 $5,334 $7,895
1995 $26,443 $70,440 $5,081 $7,232
1994 $22,767 $69,779 $4,012 $6,476
1993 $22,397 $69,387 $3,541 $6,061
1992 $23,451 $70,016 $3,352 $5,563
1991 $23,932 $72,610 $2,798 $4,886
1990 $23,659 $70,201 $2,488 $4,444
1989 $20,090 - $2,278 -
1988 $18,825 - $2,014 -
1987 $21,030 - $1,767 -
1986 $18,501 - $1,525 -
1985 $31,827 - $1,447 -
1984 $36,061 - $1,636 -
1983 $38,720 - $1,715 -
1982 $45,075 - $1,663 -
1981 $48,793 - $3,012 -
1980 $58,005 - $2,571 -
1979 $33,501 - $1,962 -
1978 $23,447 - $1,465 -
1977 $21,747 - $1,297 -
1976 $18,671 - $971 -
1975 $15,793 - $732 -
1974 $15,195 - $1,579 -
1973 $2,939 - $1,667 -
1972 $1,905 - $1,185 -
1971 $1,432 - $1,099 -
1970 $1,325 - $941 -
1969 $1,226 - $874 -
1968 $1,274 - $766 -
1967 $1,149 - $764 -
1966 $1,146 - $790 -
1965 $1,029 - $686 -
1964 - - $686 -
1963 - - $658 -
1962 - - $679 -
1961 - - $594 -
1960 - - $516 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/brunei/chile | CC BY

Brunei's GDP per capita is $33,153, ranking 36/197, compared to $16,710 in Chile, ranking 65/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Brunei ranks 9th at $89,879, while Chile ranks 63rd at $36,181.

Economic indicators

Brunei Chile
Gross domestic product
$15.3B
2024
$330B
2024
GDP rank
142/197
2024
45/197
2024
GDP growth
4.05%
2023-2024
2.64%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$33,153
2024
$16,710
2024
GDP per capita rank
36/197
2024
65/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$89,879
2024
$36,181
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
9/197
2024
63/197
2024
Government debt
$351M
2024
$138B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
2.29%
2024
41.7%
2024
Government debt per person
$759
2024
$6,960
2024
Government debt per person rank
153/185
2024
68/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$24,405
2026
$10,247
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$262B
2024
Number of millionaires n/a
81,274
2025
Number of billionaires n/a
6
2025
Income share by richest 10% n/a
34.5%
2022
Income share by poorest 10% n/a
2.3%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
29.8%
2024
26.7%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
-0.39%
2023-2024
4.3%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
4.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
4.87%
2024
8.76%
2024
Population
470884
19977856

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Brunei
Spending

Debt
Chile
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Brunei Chile
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 29.8% 2.29% 26.7% 41.7%
2023 29.4% 2.33% 27.4% 39.4%
2022 26.4% 2.06% 26.7% 37.9%
2021 29.3% 2.51% 33.6% 36.4%
2020 33.2% 2.86% 29.1% 32.4%
2019 32.4% 2.58% 26.5% 28.3%
2018 32.2% 2.59% 25.6% 25.8%
2017 36.6% 2.83% 25.5% 23.7%
2016 39.4% 3% 25.4% 21.1%
2015 38.7% 2.95% 25% 17.4%
2014 34.1% 3.23% 23.9% 15%
2013 33.6% 2.21% 23.1% 12.8%
2012 31% 2.1% 23.1% 11.9%
2011 29.7% 2.13% 22.9% 11.1%
2010 36.2% 1.11% 23.5% 8.61%
2009 34.8% 1.11% 25% 5.84%
2008 27.2% 0.94% 21.8% 4.92%
2007 29.3% 0.68% 19.3% 3.9%
2006 28% 0.59% 18.7% 5.02%
2005 29.1% 0% 20.2% 7.04%
2004 33.2% 0% 20.8% 10.3%
2003 30.9% 0% 22.2% 12.6%
2002 41.4% 0% 23.2% 15%
2001 35.5% 0% 23.2% 14.3%
2000 37.5% 0% 22.9% 13.1%
1999 44.1% 0% 23.7% 13.3%
1998 45.4% 0% 21.9% 12.1%
1997 39% 0% 20.6% 12.8%
1996 36.9% 0% 20.6% 14.6%
1995 44% 0% 19.4% 17.2%
1994 47.1% 0% 20.6% 22.6%
1993 38% 0% 21.1% 28%
1992 34.1% 0% 20.8% 30.3%
1991 30.6% 0% 21.2% 37%
1990 32% 0% 20.9% 50.3%
1989 - - 19.8% 51.9%
1988 - - 21.3% 71.2%
1987 - - 22.9% 81.6%
1986 - - 26.6% 88.4%
1985 - - 28.5% 79.8%
1984 - - 30% 56.6%
1983 - - 29.2% 45.5%
1982 - - 30.1% 20.3%
1981 - - 26.4% 14%
1980 - - 23.8% 17.4%
1979 - - 24.8% 23.2%
1978 - - 29.4% 26%
1977 - - 30% 16.5%
1976 - - 30% 19.5%
1975 - - 33.6% 28.4%
1974 - - 32.3% 18.8%
1973 - - 30.8% 11.1%
1972 - - 35% 10.1%
1971 - - 27.2% 20%
1970 - - 21.1% 26.3%
1969 - - 18.7% 21.5%
1968 - - 19.3% 17.9%
1967 - - 19.1% 14.9%
1966 - - 20.5% 12.6%
1965 - - 20.5% 12.6%
1964 - - 17.8% 9.6%
1963 - - 18.9% 9.23%
1962 - - 21.3% 6.99%
1961 - - 19.5% 7.97%
1960 - - 19.7% 7.02%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1990, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/brunei/chile | CC BY

In 2024, Brunei's government spending was $4.57B, accounting for 29.8% of its GDP, while Chile spent $88.3B, or 26.7% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 2.29% in Brunei and 41.7% in Chile, ranking 185/185 and 129/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Brunei

Chile
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Brunei Chile
2024 -10.2% -2.82%
2023 -10.9% -2.27%
2022 2.53% 1.36%
2021 -8.16% -7.53%
2020 -15.8% -7.1%
2019 -3.69% -2.73%
2018 -3.59% -1.48%
2017 -10.4% -2.63%
2016 -21.7% -2.66%
2015 -14.5% -2.09%
2014 3.58% -1.5%
2013 13% -0.47%
2012 15.8% 0.68%
2011 25.6% 1.43%
2010 7.61% -0.36%
2009 3.61% -4.26%
2008 36.1% 3.93%
2007 3.12% 7.95%
2006 19.8% 7.51%
2005 16% 4.57%
2004 8.57% 2.05%
2003 8.06% -0.42%
2002 -4.61% -1.17%
2001 2.59% -0.49%
2000 6.86% -0.69%
1999 -18.3% -2.02%
1998 -24% 0.39%
1997 -11.8% 2.04%
1996 -8.7% 2.07%
1995 -19.8% 3.09%
1994 -22.6% 1.43%
1993 -12.8% 1.41%
1992 -8.28% 2.09%
1991 -1.06% 1.54%
1990 -1.63% 2.24%
1989 - 5.31%
1988 - 4.07%
1987 - 2.36%
1986 - -0.92%
1985 - -2.22%
1984 - -2.95%
1983 - -2.67%
1982 - -1.02%
1981 - 2.56%
1980 - 5.41%
1979 - 4.82%
1978 - -0.11%
1977 - -1.11%
1976 - -0.48%
1975 - -0.41%
1974 - -5.79%
1973 - -7.32%
1972 - -12.7%
1971 - -7.98%
1970 - -1.22%
1969 - 0.6%
1968 - -0.79%
1967 - -0.64%
1966 - -1.88%
1965 - -1.64%
1964 - -2.24%
1963 - -3.29%
1962 - -4.31%
1961 - -2.89%
1960 - -3.14%
1959 - 1.56%
1958 - -0.1%
1957 - -0.71%
1956 - -1.3%
1955 - -2.79%
1954 - -2.84%
1953 - -4.05%
1952 - -1.82%
1951 - -0.71%
1950 - -0.92%
1949 - 1.71%
1948 - 2.56%
1947 - -0.2%
1946 - 0.12%
1945 - 0.73%
1944 - 0.25%
1943 - 0.81%
1942 - 1.51%
1941 - 1.9%
1940 - 2.64%
1939 - 1.74%
1938 - 1.25%
1937 - 1.42%
1936 - 2.62%
1935 - 4.23%
1934 - 2.42%
1933 - 1.76%
1932 - -0.32%
1931 - -2.73%
1930 - 1.47%
1929 - 1.89%
1928 - 4.11%
1927 - -0.17%
1926 - -3.23%
1925 - 2.44%
1924 - 3.68%
1923 - 2.87%
1922 - -0.23%
1921 - -0.57%
1920 - -1.8%
1919 - -2.53%
1918 - 0.71%
1917 - 0.49%
1916 - 0.98%
1915 - -2.13%
1914 - -2.67%
1913 - -2.23%
1912 - -3.29%
1911 - -3.32%
1910 - -3.17%
1909 - -2.26%
1908 - -0.84%
1907 - -2.39%
1906 - -2.8%
1905 - -1.31%
1904 - -1.6%
1903 - -1.35%
1902 - -3.65%
1901 - -3.93%
1900 - -1.89%
1899 - -0.78%
1898 - -3.84%
1897 - -1.78%
1896 - -5.36%
1895 - -2.31%
1894 - 0.82%
1893 - -0.59%
1892 - -1.33%
1891 - -6.72%
1890 - -3.65%
1889 - -2.71%
1888 - -0.58%
1887 - -4%
1886 - -5.17%
1885 - -2.46%
1884 - -3.23%
1883 - -3.57%
1882 - -2.86%
1881 - -1.83%
1880 - -2%
1879 - -4.34%
1878 - -2.27%
1877 - -3.88%
1876 - -3.17%
1875 - -3.73%
1874 - -4.75%
1873 - -1.94%
1872 - -1.78%
1871 - -2.38%
1870 - -1.83%
1869 - -1.07%
1868 - -2.85%
1867 - -4.31%
1866 - -5.72%
1865 - -1.95%
1864 - -1.07%
1863 - -0.26%
1862 - -0.13%
1861 - -0.5%
1860 - -0.07%
1859 - -1.6%
1858 - -1.37%
1857 - -0.3%
1856 - 0.11%
1855 - 0.1%
1854 - -0.2%
1853 - 0.27%
1852 - 0.68%
1851 - -0.39%
1850 - 0.35%
1849 - 0.6%
1848 - -0.25%
1847 - 0.04%
1846 - 0.36%
1845 - -0.21%
1844 - 0.48%
1843 - 0.69%
1842 - 1.1%
1841 - 0.31%
1840 - 0.34%
1839 - 0.25%
1838 - -0.21%
1837 - -0.05%
1836 - -0.17%
1835 - -0.58%
1834 - -0.39%
1833 - -0.45%
1832 - -0.57%
1831 - -0.77%
1830 - -0.51%
1829 - -0.06%
1828 - -0.3%
1827 - 0.07%
1826 - -0.08%
1825 - 0.05%
1824 - -0.37%
1823 - 0.98%
1822 - 1.28%
1821 - -0.19%
1820 - 0.64%
1819 - 0.16%
1818 - 1.52%
1817 - 0.94%
1816 - 1.21%
1815 - 1.53%
1814 - 1.91%
1813 - 2.34%
1812 - 2.79%
1811 - 3.24%
1810 - 3.64%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/brunei/chile | CC BY

In 2024, Brunei's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $1.56B, equivalent to 10.2% of GDP. This compares to Chile's deficit of $9.3B, or 2.82% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, Brunei recorded a fiscal deficit in 20 of those years, while Chile ran a deficit in 18 years. On average, Brunei posted an annual deficit equal to 1.7% of GDP, compared to surplus of 0.09% of GDP for Chile.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Brunei

Chile
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Brunei Chile
2024 -0.39% 4.3%
2023 0.36% 7.58%
2022 3.68% 11.6%
2021 1.73% 4.52%
2020 1.94% 3.05%
2019 -0.39% 2.56%
2018 1.03% 2.43%
2017 -1.26% 2.18%
2016 -0.28% 3.79%
2015 -0.49% 4.35%
2014 -0.21% 4.72%
2013 0.39% 1.79%
2012 0.11% 3.01%
2011 0.14% 3.34%
2010 0.36% 1.41%
2009 1.04% 0.35%
2008 2.08% 8.72%
2007 0.97% 4.41%
2006 0.16% 3.39%
2005 1.24% 3.05%
2004 0.81% 1.05%
2003 0.3% 2.81%
2002 -2.31% 2.49%
2001 0.6% 3.57%
2000 1.56% 3.84%
1999 -0.42% 3.34%
1998 -0.44% 5.11%
1997 1.71% 6.13%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/brunei/chile | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Brunei has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 0.5%, compared with 3.89% in Chile. In 2024, inflation was -0.39% in Brunei and 4.3% in Chile.

Top exports between countries

Brunei
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $52.1M
Textiles & consumer goods $1.45M
Machinery & equipment $268K
Wood & paper products $86K
Chemicals & pharma $70K
Miscellaneous $6K
Chile
Export category Export value
Animal & marine products $748K
Miscellaneous $91K
Raw agricultural goods $32K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $30K
Machinery & equipment $2K

Balance of trade

Brunei Chile
Current account balance
$2.23B
2024
-$4.85B
2024
Current account balance ranking
45/190
2024
166/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+14.5%
2024
-1.47%
2024
Goods imports
$7.36B
2024
$78.1B
2024
Goods exports
$11.1B
2024
$99.2B
2024
Service imports
$1.75B
2024
$21.1B
2024
Service exports
$410M
2024
$12B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
58.3%
2024
30.1%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
74.3%
2024
33.7%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Brunei Chile
Economic freedom 67.5 74.3
Economic freedom ranking 55/197 20/197
Property rights 66.1 69.7
Government integrity 60.4 67.8
Judicial effectiveness 48.6 90.3
Tax burden 95 72.5
Government spending 75.6 78.2
Fiscal health 39 94.1
Business freedom 75.3 78.5
Labor freedom 75.1 56.8
Monetary freedom 74.8 75.1
Trade freedom 84.6 78
Investment freedom 65 60
Financial freedom 50 70

Economic freedom comparison by year

Brunei
Chile
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Brunei Chile
2026 67.5 74.3
2025 67 73.2
2024 65.9 71.4
2023 65.7 71.1
2022 64.8 74.4
2021 66.6 75.2
2020 66.6 76.8
2019 65.1 75.4
2018 64.2 75.2
2017 69.8 76.5
2016 67.3 77.7
2015 68.9 78.5
2014 69 78.7
2013 - 79
2012 - 78.3
2011 - 77.4
2010 - 77.2
2009 - 78.3
2008 - 78.6
2007 - 77.7
2006 - 78
2005 - 77.8
2004 - 76.9
2003 - 76
2002 - 77.8
2001 - 75.1
2000 - 74.7
1999 - 74.1
1998 - 74.9
1997 - 75.9
1996 - 72.6
1995 - 71.2

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/brunei/chile | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Brunei is 67.5, ranking 55/197, compared to 74.3 for Chile, ranking 20/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Brunei Chile
Services, % of GDP
39%
2024
56.1%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
61.7%
2024
30.1%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.17%
2024
3.91%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$16.7B
2024
$311B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$92,750
2024
$34,320
2024
Total reserves including gold
$4.41B
2024
$44.4B
2024
Total reserves ranking
105/177
2024
45/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$29.1M
2024
-$8.93B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$29.1M
2024
$12.5B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$0
2024
$3.59B
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines n/a
6.5%
2022
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
27.9%
2024
23.2%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/brunei/chile | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Help us show the world through your eyes

Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.

Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1990, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2020–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.