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Economy of Angola vs Chile compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Angola has a GDP of $122B compared to $357B for Chile, ranking 68/197 and 45/197 by economy size, respectively.

Angola has $62.7B in government debt (51.3% of GDP), compared to $149B (41.8% of GDP) in Chile.

Angola vs Chile GDP by year

Angola
Chile
1x
Year GDP, current $
Angola Chile
2025 $122,174,889,424 $357,371,159,575
2024 $103,080,538,044 $329,260,633,699
2023 $106,042,349,567 $335,802,745,366
2022 $128,233,959,333 $301,099,244,104
2021 $78,283,923,544 $315,507,493,783
2020 $58,512,033,806 $254,103,710,483
2019 $81,193,813,808 $278,308,438,545
2018 $90,506,061,877 $295,857,562,992
2017 $85,629,598,654 $276,154,259,981
2016 $60,770,049,747 $249,344,863,928
2015 $102,543,067,841 $242,450,355,831
2014 $153,449,860,496 $259,560,978,224
2013 $148,845,200,696 $277,395,018,842
2012 $143,572,907,528 $267,024,782,487
2011 $125,551,634,705 $251,382,573,894
2010 $95,546,919,754 $217,051,209,239
2009 $81,705,175,409 $171,777,900,624
2008 $98,790,432,989 $179,894,594,475
2007 $73,037,821,926 $172,491,076,034
2006 $58,653,659,980 $153,843,518,171
2005 $41,396,636,384 $122,294,145,163
2004 $26,997,977,896 $99,075,985,774
2003 $20,342,128,112 $76,492,579,644
2002 $17,311,512,433 $70,264,045,939
2001 $8,936,079,118 $71,574,739,561
2000 $9,129,594,970 $78,339,750,721
1999 $6,152,923,310 $75,578,685,736
1998 $6,506,221,616 $81,990,010,704
1997 $7,648,380,196 $85,741,415,285
1996 $7,526,421,519 $78,584,098,984
1995 $5,538,749,260 $73,820,425,702
1994 $4,438,321,017 $57,438,273,591
1993 $5,768,720,422 $49,934,943,321
1992 $8,307,810,974 $46,538,895,686
1991 $10,603,784,541 $38,232,330,917
1990 $11,229,515,599 $33,428,580,448
1989 $10,201,780,977 $30,101,767,991
1988 $8,769,836,769 $26,174,858,614
1987 $8,084,412,414 $22,605,488,851
1986 $7,072,536,109 $19,197,818,085
1985 $7,554,065,410 $17,933,557,360
1984 $6,131,475,065 $19,974,595,028
1983 $5,784,341,596 $20,629,678,694
1982 $5,550,483,036 $19,710,229,067
1981 $5,550,483,036 $35,180,322,211
1980 $5,930,503,401 $29,586,676,576
1979 - $22,249,574,628
1978 - $16,373,093,554
1977 - $14,272,711,437
1976 - $10,523,479,089
1975 - $7,812,161,793
1974 - $16,584,311,220
1973 - $17,237,336,173
1972 - $12,057,501,635
1971 - $10,999,807,567
1970 - $9,261,006,540
1969 - $8,456,519,044
1968 - $7,286,820,526
1967 - $7,145,068,068
1966 - $7,256,882,086
1965 - $6,183,988,944
1964 - $6,065,708,668
1963 - $5,702,520,146
1962 - $5,765,971,144
1961 - $4,948,564,551
1960 - $4,211,103,677

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/angola/chile | CC BY

GDP per capita in Angola vs Chile by year

Angola
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Chile
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Angola Chile
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $3,129 - $17,995 -
2024 $2,721 $10,119 $16,659 $36,181
2023 $2,886 $9,754 $17,082 $33,145
2022 $3,599 $9,588 $15,399 $30,932
2021 $2,267 $8,862 $16,216 $29,090
2020 $1,749 $7,827 $13,118 $25,351
2019 $2,508 $8,573 $14,497 $25,612
2018 $2,892 $8,278 $15,659 $25,305
2017 $2,832 $8,007 $14,880 $24,295
2016 $2,082 $7,767 $13,650 $23,257
2015 $3,642 $8,067 $13,434 $22,468
2014 $5,650 $9,018 $14,530 $22,554
2013 $5,689 $8,504 $15,684 $22,201
2012 $5,702 $8,246 $15,242 $21,366
2011 $5,184 $7,538 $14,487 $20,122
2010 $4,102 $7,412 $12,633 $17,918
2009 $3,645 $7,228 $10,099 $15,951
2008 $4,578 $7,316 $10,683 $16,376
2007 $3,515 $6,728 $10,346 $16,698
2006 $2,930 $6,018 $9,319 $15,511
2005 $2,146 $5,416 $7,480 $12,550
2004 $1,451 $4,771 $6,121 $11,612
2003 $1,134 $4,322 $4,773 $10,708
2002 $999 $4,241 $4,431 $10,133
2001 $534 $3,802 $4,564 $9,776
2000 $564 $3,690 $5,053 $9,376
1999 $393 $3,619 $4,934 $8,839
1998 $429 $3,609 $5,420 $8,850
1997 $522 $3,525 $5,742 $8,510
1996 $531 $3,342 $5,334 $7,895
1995 $404 $2,990 $5,081 $7,232
1994 $335 $2,633 $4,012 $6,476
1993 $450 $2,628 $3,541 $6,061
1992 $669 $3,486 $3,352 $5,563
1991 $882 $3,740 $2,798 $4,886
1990 $966 $3,705 $2,488 $4,444
1989 $908 - $2,278 -
1988 $807 - $2,014 -
1987 $770 - $1,767 -
1986 $698 - $1,525 -
1985 $772 - $1,447 -
1984 $650 - $1,636 -
1983 $637 - $1,715 -
1982 $634 - $1,663 -
1981 $658 - $3,012 -
1980 $729 - $2,571 -
1979 - - $1,962 -
1978 - - $1,465 -
1977 - - $1,297 -
1976 - - $971 -
1975 - - $732 -
1974 - - $1,579 -
1973 - - $1,667 -
1972 - - $1,185 -
1971 - - $1,099 -
1970 - - $941 -
1969 - - $874 -
1968 - - $766 -
1967 - - $764 -
1966 - - $790 -
1965 - - $686 -
1964 - - $686 -
1963 - - $658 -
1962 - - $679 -
1961 - - $594 -
1960 - - $516 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/angola/chile | CC BY

Angola's GDP per capita is $3,129, ranking 142/197, compared to $17,995 in Chile, ranking 67/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Angola ranks 133rd at $10,119, while Chile ranks 63rd at $36,181.

Economic indicators

Angola Chile
Gross domestic product
$122B
2025
$357B
2025
GDP rank
68/197
2025
45/197
2025
GDP growth
3.13%
2024-2025
2.46%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$3,129
2025
$17,995
2025
GDP per capita rank
142/197
2025
67/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$10,119
2024
$36,181
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
133/197
2024
63/197
2024
Government debt
$62.7B
2025
$149B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
51.3%
2025
41.8%
2025
Government debt per person
$1,606
2025
$7,517
2025
Government debt per person rank
127/185
2025
68/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$2,550
2026
$10,041
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$487B
2025
Number of millionaires n/a
81,274
2024
Number of billionaires n/a
6
2026
Income share by richest 10%
39.6%
2018
34.3%
2024
Income share by poorest 10%
1.3%
2018
2.3%
2024
Government expenditure, % of GDP
18.9%
2025
26.4%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
20.2%
2024-2025
4.21%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
17.5%
2026
4.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
10.4%
2025
8.89%
2025
Population
40839390
19992079

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Angola
Spending

Debt
Chile
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Angola Chile
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 18.9% 51.3% 26.4% 41.8%
2024 19% 57.1% 26.7% 41.7%
2023 23.3% 75.7% 27.4% 39.4%
2022 24.8% 57.4% 26.7% 37.9%
2021 22.8% 75.5% 33.6% 36.4%
2020 24.4% 119.8% 29.1% 32.4%
2019 20.9% 100.8% 26.5% 28.3%
2018 17.8% 81.6% 25.6% 25.8%
2017 20.7% 59.6% 25.5% 23.7%
2016 19.1% 65.7% 25.4% 21.1%
2015 23.9% 50.4% 25% 17.4%
2014 32.3% 35.3% 23.9% 15%
2013 32.9% 29.5% 23.1% 12.8%
2012 33.2% 23.8% 23.1% 11.9%
2011 33.3% 26.3% 22.9% 11.1%
2010 34.6% 32.6% 23.5% 8.61%
2009 38.7% 48.4% 25% 5.84%
2008 47.2% 28.1% 21.8% 4.92%
2007 34.1% 18.8% 19.3% 3.9%
2006 27.3% 16.7% 18.7% 5.02%
2005 23.7% 29.9% 20.2% 7.04%
2004 26% 41.6% 20.8% 10.3%
2003 30.1% 50.8% 22.2% 12.6%
2002 27.6% 65.1% 23.2% 15%
2001 30.3% 100.2% 23.2% 14.3%
2000 35.8% 118.2% 22.9% 13.1%
1999 45.7% 104.8% 23.7% 13.3%
1998 30.3% 96.3% 21.9% 12.1%
1997 31.1% 73.5% 20.6% 12.8%
1996 29.3% 92% 20.6% 14.6%
1995 - - 19.5% 17.3%
1994 - - 20.6% 22.6%
1993 - - 21.2% 28.1%
1992 - - 20.9% 30.5%
1991 - - 21.2% 37.1%
1990 - - 21% 50.3%
1989 - - 19.8% 51.9%
1988 - - 21.3% 71.2%
1987 - - 22.9% 81.6%
1986 - - 26.6% 88.4%
1985 - - 28.5% 79.8%
1984 - - 30% 56.6%
1983 - - 29.2% 45.5%
1982 - - 30.1% 20.3%
1981 - - 26.4% 14%
1980 - - 23.8% 17.4%
1979 - - 24.8% 23.2%
1978 - - 29.4% 26%
1977 - - 30% 16.5%
1976 - - 30% 19.5%
1975 - - 33.6% 28.4%
1974 - - 32.3% 18.8%
1973 - - 30.8% 11.1%
1972 - - 35% 10.1%
1971 - - 27.2% 20%
1970 - - 21.1% 26.3%
1969 - - 18.7% 21.5%
1968 - - 19.3% 17.9%
1967 - - 19.1% 14.9%
1966 - - 20.5% 12.6%
1965 - - 20.5% 12.6%
1964 - - 17.8% 9.6%
1963 - - 18.9% 9.23%
1962 - - 21.3% 6.99%
1961 - - 19.5% 7.97%
1960 - - 19.7% 7.02%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1999, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/angola/chile | CC BY

In 2025, Angola's government spending was $23B, accounting for 18.9% of its GDP, while Chile spent $94.2B, or 26.4% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 51.3% in Angola and 41.8% in Chile, ranking 103/185 and 126/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Angola

Chile
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Angola Chile
2025 -4.07% -2.78%
2024 -1.19% -2.82%
2023 -2.49% -2.27%
2022 1.78% 1.36%
2021 1.35% -7.53%
2020 -3.05% -7.1%
2019 -0.2% -2.73%
2018 2% -1.48%
2017 -5.68% -2.63%
2016 -3.93% -2.66%
2015 -2.58% -2.09%
2014 -5.08% -1.5%
2013 -0.28% -0.47%
2012 3.67% 0.68%
2011 7.17% 1.43%
2010 2.96% -0.36%
2009 -6.83% -4.26%
2008 -3.82% 3.93%
2007 3.81% 7.95%
2006 8.42% 7.51%
2005 6.4% 4.57%
2004 1.03% 2.05%
2003 -4.1% -0.42%
2002 -2.24% -1.17%
2001 2.8% -0.49%
2000 2.02% -0.69%
1999 -9.4% -2.02%
1998 -5.92% 0.39%
1997 -0.27% 2.04%
1996 5.22% 2.07%
1995 - 3.1%
1994 - 1.44%
1993 - 1.42%
1992 - 2.11%
1991 - 1.54%
1990 - 2.25%
1989 - 5.31%
1988 - 4.07%
1987 - 2.36%
1986 - -0.92%
1985 - -2.22%
1984 - -2.95%
1983 - -2.67%
1982 - -1.02%
1981 - 2.56%
1980 - 5.41%
1979 - 4.82%
1978 - -0.11%
1977 - -1.11%
1976 - -0.48%
1975 - -0.41%
1974 - -5.79%
1973 - -7.32%
1972 - -12.7%
1971 - -7.98%
1970 - -1.22%
1969 - 0.6%
1968 - -0.79%
1967 - -0.64%
1966 - -1.88%
1965 - -1.64%
1964 - -2.24%
1963 - -3.29%
1962 - -4.31%
1961 - -2.89%
1960 - -3.14%
1959 - 1.56%
1958 - -0.1%
1957 - -0.71%
1956 - -1.3%
1955 - -2.79%
1954 - -2.84%
1953 - -4.05%
1952 - -1.82%
1951 - -0.71%
1950 - -0.92%
1949 - 1.71%
1948 - 2.56%
1947 - -0.2%
1946 - 0.12%
1945 - 0.73%
1944 - 0.25%
1943 - 0.81%
1942 - 1.51%
1941 - 1.9%
1940 - 2.64%
1939 - 1.74%
1938 - 1.25%
1937 - 1.42%
1936 - 2.62%
1935 - 4.23%
1934 - 2.42%
1933 - 1.76%
1932 - -0.32%
1931 - -2.73%
1930 - 1.47%
1929 - 1.89%
1928 - 4.11%
1927 - -0.17%
1926 - -3.23%
1925 - 2.44%
1924 - 3.68%
1923 - 2.87%
1922 - -0.23%
1921 - -0.57%
1920 - -1.8%
1919 - -2.53%
1918 - 0.71%
1917 - 0.49%
1916 - 0.98%
1915 - -2.13%
1914 - -2.67%
1913 - -2.23%
1912 - -3.29%
1911 - -3.32%
1910 - -3.17%
1909 - -2.26%
1908 - -0.84%
1907 - -2.39%
1906 - -2.8%
1905 - -1.31%
1904 - -1.6%
1903 - -1.35%
1902 - -3.65%
1901 - -3.93%
1900 - -1.89%
1899 - -0.78%
1898 - -3.84%
1897 - -1.78%
1896 - -5.36%
1895 - -2.31%
1894 - 0.82%
1893 - -0.59%
1892 - -1.33%
1891 - -6.72%
1890 - -3.65%
1889 - -2.71%
1888 - -0.58%
1887 - -4%
1886 - -5.17%
1885 - -2.46%
1884 - -3.23%
1883 - -3.57%
1882 - -2.86%
1881 - -1.83%
1880 - -2%
1879 - -4.34%
1878 - -2.27%
1877 - -3.88%
1876 - -3.17%
1875 - -3.73%
1874 - -4.75%
1873 - -1.94%
1872 - -1.78%
1871 - -2.38%
1870 - -1.83%
1869 - -1.07%
1868 - -2.85%
1867 - -4.31%
1866 - -5.72%
1865 - -1.95%
1864 - -1.07%
1863 - -0.26%
1862 - -0.13%
1861 - -0.5%
1860 - -0.07%
1859 - -1.6%
1858 - -1.37%
1857 - -0.3%
1856 - 0.11%
1855 - 0.1%
1854 - -0.2%
1853 - 0.27%
1852 - 0.68%
1851 - -0.39%
1850 - 0.35%
1849 - 0.6%
1848 - -0.25%
1847 - 0.04%
1846 - 0.36%
1845 - -0.21%
1844 - 0.48%
1843 - 0.69%
1842 - 1.1%
1841 - 0.31%
1840 - 0.34%
1839 - 0.25%
1838 - -0.21%
1837 - -0.05%
1836 - -0.17%
1835 - -0.58%
1834 - -0.39%
1833 - -0.45%
1832 - -0.57%
1831 - -0.77%
1830 - -0.51%
1829 - -0.06%
1828 - -0.3%
1827 - 0.07%
1826 - -0.08%
1825 - 0.05%
1824 - -0.37%
1823 - 0.98%
1822 - 1.28%
1821 - -0.19%
1820 - 0.64%
1819 - 0.16%
1818 - 1.52%
1817 - 0.94%
1816 - 1.21%
1815 - 1.53%
1814 - 1.91%
1813 - 2.34%
1812 - 2.79%
1811 - 3.24%
1810 - 3.64%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/angola/chile | CC BY

In 2025, Angola's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $4.97B, equivalent to 4.07% of GDP. This compares to Chile's deficit of $9.94B, or 2.78% of GDP.

Over the past 30 years, Angola recorded a fiscal deficit in 17 of those years, while Chile ran a deficit in 19 years. On average, Angola posted an annual deficit equal to 0.42% of GDP, compared to deficit of 0.38% of GDP for Chile.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Angola

Chile
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Angola Chile
2025 20.2% 4.21%
2024 28.2% 4.3%
2023 13.6% 7.58%
2022 21.4% 11.6%
2021 25.8% 4.52%
2020 22.3% 3.05%
2019 17.1% 2.56%
2018 19.6% 2.43%
2017 29.8% 2.18%
2016 30.7% 3.79%
2015 9.2% 4.35%
2014 7.3% 4.72%
2013 8.8% 1.79%
2012 10.3% 3.01%
2011 13.5% 3.34%
2010 14.5% 1.41%
2009 13.7% 0.35%
2008 12.5% 8.72%
2007 12.2% 4.41%
2006 13.3% 3.39%
2005 23% 3.05%
2004 43.5% 1.05%
2003 98.2% 2.81%
2002 108.9% 2.49%
2001 152.6% 3.57%
2000 325% 3.84%
1999 248.2% 3.34%
1998 107.4% 5.11%
1997 221.5% 6.13%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/angola/chile | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Angola has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 57.7%, compared with 3.9% in Chile. In 2025, inflation was 20.2% in Angola and 4.21% in Chile.

Top exports between countries

Angola
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $376M
Machinery & equipment $35K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $9K
Metals $3K
Textiles & consumer goods $2K
Chile
Export category Export value
Animal & marine products $1.17M
Raw materials & minerals $182K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $170K
Metals $156K
Raw agricultural goods $93K
Textiles & consumer goods $79K
Machinery & equipment $53K
Miscellaneous $8K
Chemicals & pharma $4K

Balance of trade

Angola Chile
Current account balance
$536M
2025
-$4.35B
2025
Current account balance ranking
57/190
2025
161/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
+0.44%
2025
-1.22%
2025
Goods imports
$15.5B
2025
$86.5B
2025
Goods exports
$30.6B
2025
$110B
2025
Service imports
$8.51B
2025
$21.9B
2025
Service exports
$118M
2025
$13B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
11.7%
2025
30.4%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
23%
2025
34.6%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Angola Chile
Economic freedom 54.4 74.3
Economic freedom ranking 133/197 20/197
Property rights 36.9 69.7
Government integrity 28.3 67.8
Judicial effectiveness 26.3 90.3
Tax burden 86.9 72.5
Government spending 89.3 78.2
Fiscal health 91.9 94.1
Business freedom 42.8 78.5
Labor freedom 50.8 56.8
Monetary freedom 59 75.1
Trade freedom 70.4 78
Investment freedom 30 60
Financial freedom 40 70

Economic freedom comparison by year

Angola
Chile
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Angola Chile
2026 54.4 74.3
2025 55 73.2
2024 54.3 71.4
2023 53 71.1
2022 52.6 74.4
2021 54.2 75.2
2020 52.2 76.8
2019 50.6 75.4
2018 48.6 75.2
2017 48.5 76.5
2016 48.9 77.7
2015 47.9 78.5
2014 47.7 78.7
2013 47.3 79
2012 46.7 78.3
2011 46.2 77.4
2010 48.4 77.2
2009 47 78.3
2008 46.9 78.6
2007 44.7 77.7
2006 43.5 78
2005 - 77.8
2004 - 76.9
2003 - 76
2002 - 77.8
2001 - 75.1
2000 24.3 74.7
1999 23.7 74.1
1998 24.9 74.9
1997 24.2 75.9
1996 24.4 72.6
1995 27.4 71.2

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/angola/chile | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Angola is 54.4, ranking 133/197, compared to 74.3 for Chile, ranking 20/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Angola Chile
Services, % of GDP
46.8%
2025
55.5%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
27.1%
2025
31.4%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
25.2%
2025
3.45%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$112B
2025
$337B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$9,840
2025
$35,730
2025
Total reserves including gold
$13.5B
2025
$49.4B
2025
Total reserves ranking
75/177
2025
48/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$1.02B
2025
-$5.83B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
-$1.11B
2024
$13.1B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$33.1M
2024
$4.04B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
11.3%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
36.6%
2020
6.5%
2022
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
10.6%
2024
24.1%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/angola/chile | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1999, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2020–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.