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Economy of Chile vs Samoa compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Chile has a GDP of $357B compared to $1.29B for Samoa, ranking 45/197 and 186/197 by economy size, respectively.

Chile has $149B in government debt (41.8% of GDP), compared to $273M (21.2% of GDP) in Samoa.

Chile vs Samoa GDP by year

Chile
Samoa
1x
Year GDP, current $
Chile Samoa
2025 $357,371,159,575 $1,287,936,622
2024 $329,260,633,699 $1,175,749,786
2023 $335,802,745,366 $1,044,909,500
2022 $301,099,244,104 $889,554,712
2021 $315,507,493,783 $859,724,936
2020 $254,103,710,483 $868,884,903
2019 $278,308,438,545 $912,950,466
2018 $295,857,562,992 $878,448,433
2017 $276,154,259,981 $884,844,384
2016 $249,344,863,928 $843,924,797
2015 $242,450,355,831 $824,150,499
2014 $259,560,978,224 $796,683,520
2013 $277,395,018,842 $797,736,334
2012 $267,024,782,487 $773,141,661
2011 $251,382,573,894 $744,097,050
2010 $217,051,209,239 $680,260,907
2009 $171,777,900,624 $628,006,115
2008 $179,894,594,475 $641,346,192
2007 $172,491,076,034 $573,548,460
2006 $153,843,518,171 $499,923,758
2005 $122,294,145,163 $476,801,793
2004 $99,075,985,774 $407,747,565
2003 $76,492,579,644 $333,426,188
2002 $70,264,045,939 $281,790,134
2001 $71,574,739,561 $266,299,591
2000 $78,339,750,721 $258,856,140
1999 $75,578,685,736 $255,408,060
1998 $81,990,010,704 $269,485,244
1997 $85,741,415,285 $285,475,592
1996 $78,584,098,984 $249,907,869
1995 $73,820,425,702 $224,865,731
1994 $57,438,273,591 $221,098,107
1993 $49,934,943,321 $133,122,897
1992 $46,538,895,686 $132,303,041
1991 $38,232,330,917 $125,597,205
1990 $33,428,580,448 $125,766,270
1989 $30,101,767,991 $122,888,610
1988 $26,174,858,614 $133,016,065
1987 $22,605,488,851 $111,713,922
1986 $19,197,818,085 $100,947,849
1985 $17,933,557,360 $95,572,173
1984 $19,974,595,028 $109,200,934
1983 $20,629,678,694 $111,862,824
1982 $19,710,229,067 $121,221,652
1981 $35,180,322,211 $118,190,655
1980 $29,586,676,576 $125,747,038
1979 $22,249,574,628 $122,257,393
1978 $16,373,093,554 $108,223,444
1977 $14,272,711,437 $98,295,671
1976 $10,523,479,089 $85,003,078
1975 $7,812,161,793 $93,489,283
1974 $16,584,311,220 $93,549,611
1973 $17,237,336,173 $82,452,985
1972 $12,057,501,635 $62,566,116
1971 $10,999,807,567 $53,719,569
1970 $9,261,006,540 $45,208,338
1969 $8,456,519,044 -
1968 $7,286,820,526 -
1967 $7,145,068,068 -
1966 $7,256,882,086 -
1965 $6,183,988,944 -
1964 $6,065,708,668 -
1963 $5,702,520,146 -
1962 $5,765,971,144 -
1961 $4,948,564,551 -
1960 $4,211,103,677 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/samoa | CC BY

GDP per capita in Chile vs Samoa by year

Chile
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Samoa
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Chile Samoa
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $17,995 - $5,873 -
2024 $16,659 $36,181 $5,393 $8,737
2023 $17,082 $33,145 $4,823 $8,195
2022 $15,399 $30,932 $4,132 $6,909
2021 $16,216 $29,090 $4,022 $6,350
2020 $13,118 $25,351 $4,100 $6,451
2019 $14,497 $25,612 $4,352 $6,638
2018 $15,659 $25,305 $4,232 $6,318
2017 $14,880 $24,295 $4,308 $6,280
2016 $13,650 $23,257 $4,147 $6,141
2015 $13,434 $22,468 $4,084 $5,682
2014 $14,530 $22,554 $3,983 $5,468
2013 $15,684 $22,201 $4,024 $5,387
2012 $15,242 $21,366 $3,935 $5,339
2011 $14,487 $20,122 $3,822 $5,494
2010 $12,633 $17,918 $3,524 $5,229
2009 $10,099 $15,951 $3,279 $4,906
2008 $10,683 $16,376 $3,374 $4,939
2007 $10,346 $16,698 $3,039 $4,713
2006 $9,319 $15,511 $2,663 $4,592
2005 $7,480 $12,550 $2,550 $4,379
2004 $6,121 $11,612 $2,189 $3,997
2003 $4,773 $10,708 $1,798 $3,792
2002 $4,431 $10,133 $1,528 $3,553
2001 $4,564 $9,776 $1,454 $3,335
2000 $5,053 $9,376 $1,425 $3,062
1999 $4,934 $8,839 $1,417 $2,871
1998 $5,420 $8,850 $1,506 $2,792
1997 $5,742 $8,510 $1,608 $2,722
1996 $5,334 $7,895 $1,419 $2,681
1995 $5,081 $7,232 $1,288 $2,478
1994 $4,012 $6,476 $1,277 $2,294
1993 $3,541 $6,061 $775 $2,323
1992 $3,352 $5,563 $777 $2,198
1991 $2,798 $4,886 $742 $2,166
1990 $2,488 $4,444 $744 $2,148
1989 $2,278 - $728 -
1988 $2,014 - $790 -
1987 $1,767 - $666 -
1986 $1,525 - $604 -
1985 $1,447 - $573 -
1984 $1,636 - $655 -
1983 $1,715 - $671 -
1982 $1,663 - $728 -
1981 $3,012 - $713 -
1980 $2,571 - $765 -
1979 $1,962 - $751 -
1978 $1,465 - $671 -
1977 $1,297 - $615 -
1976 $971 - $541 -
1975 $732 - $610 -
1974 $1,579 - $626 -
1973 $1,667 - $563 -
1972 $1,185 - $433 -
1971 $1,099 - $377 -
1970 $941 - $322 -
1969 $874 - - -
1968 $766 - - -
1967 $764 - - -
1966 $790 - - -
1965 $686 - - -
1964 $686 - - -
1963 $658 - - -
1962 $679 - - -
1961 $594 - - -
1960 $516 - - -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/samoa | CC BY

Chile's GDP per capita is $17,995, ranking 67/197, compared to $5,873 in Samoa, ranking 115/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Chile ranks 63rd at $36,181, while Samoa ranks 137th at $8,737.

Economic indicators

Chile Samoa
Gross domestic product
$357B
2025
$1.29B
2025
GDP rank
45/197
2025
186/197
2025
GDP growth
2.46%
2024-2025
4.2%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$17,995
2025
$5,873
2025
GDP per capita rank
67/197
2025
115/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$36,181
2024
$8,737
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
63/197
2024
137/197
2024
Government debt
$149B
2025
$273M
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
41.8%
2025
21.2%
2025
Government debt per person
$7,517
2025
$1,246
2025
Government debt per person rank
68/185
2025
136/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$10,041
2026
$3,918
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$487B
2025
n/a
Number of millionaires
81,274
2024
n/a
Number of billionaires
6
2026
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
34.3%
2024
31.3%
2013
Income share by poorest 10%
2.3%
2024
2.7%
2013
Government expenditure, % of GDP
26.4%
2025
26.4%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
4.21%
2024-2025
2.21%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
4.75%
2025
2.95%
2026
Unemployment rate
8.89%
2025
5.05%
2022
Population
19992079
221158

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Chile
Spending

Debt
Samoa
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Chile Samoa
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 26.4% 41.8% 26.4% 21.2%
2024 26.7% 41.7% 26.3% 25.2%
2023 27.4% 39.4% 28.8% 31.8%
2022 26.7% 37.9% 31.1% 41%
2021 33.6% 36.4% 34.1% 45.4%
2020 29.1% 32.4% 30.5% 43.2%
2019 26.5% 28.3% 31.8% 44.3%
2018 25.6% 25.8% 30% 49.4%
2017 25.5% 23.7% 30.9% 46.7%
2016 25.4% 21.1% 27.3% 49%
2015 25% 17.4% 30.5% 56.4%
2014 23.9% 15% 35.3% 54.9%
2013 23.1% 12.8% 30.7% 54.1%
2012 23.1% 11.9% 33.6% 50.9%
2011 22.9% 11.1% 33.7% 41.5%
2010 23.5% 8.61% 29.4% 40.3%
2009 25% 5.84% 31.5% 33.3%
2008 21.8% 4.92% 27.7% 28.2%
2007 19.3% 3.9% 31.1% 31.5%
2006 18.7% 5.02% 27.7% 33.5%
2005 20.2% 7.04% 30.6% 34.2%
2004 20.8% 10.3% 27.3% 39.8%
2003 22.2% 12.6% 28.5% 42.8%
2002 23.2% 15% 30.7% 50.3%
2001 23.2% 14.3% 30% 53.8%
2000 22.9% 13.1% 30.4% 55.8%
1999 23.7% 13.3% 33.8% 59.4%
1998 21.9% 12.1% 28.1% 58.9%
1997 20.6% 12.8% 31% -
1996 20.6% 14.6% 38.9% -
1995 19.5% 17.3% 42.2% -
1994 20.6% 22.6% 54.1% -
1993 21.2% 28.1% 49.5% -
1992 20.9% 30.5% 43.4% -
1991 21.2% 37.1% - -
1990 21% 50.3% - -
1989 19.8% 51.9% - -
1988 21.3% 71.2% - -
1987 22.9% 81.6% - -
1986 26.6% 88.4% - -
1985 28.5% 79.8% - -
1984 30% 56.6% - -
1983 29.2% 45.5% - -
1982 30.1% 20.3% - -
1981 26.4% 14% - -
1980 23.8% 17.4% - -
1979 24.8% 23.2% - -
1978 29.4% 26% - -
1977 30% 16.5% - -
1976 30% 19.5% - -
1975 33.6% 28.4% - -
1974 32.3% 18.8% - -
1973 30.8% 11.1% - -
1972 35% 10.1% - -
1971 27.2% 20% - -
1970 21.1% 26.3% - -
1969 18.7% 21.5% - -
1968 19.3% 17.9% - -
1967 19.1% 14.9% - -
1966 20.5% 12.6% - -
1965 20.5% 12.6% - -
1964 17.8% 9.6% - -
1963 18.9% 9.23% - -
1962 21.3% 6.99% - -
1961 19.5% 7.97% - -
1960 19.7% 7.02% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1990, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/samoa | CC BY

In 2025, Chile's government spending was $94.2B, accounting for 26.4% of its GDP, while Samoa spent $340M, or 26.4% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 41.8% in Chile and 21.2% in Samoa, ranking 126/185 and 172/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Chile

Samoa
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Chile Samoa
2025 -2.78% 4.68%
2024 -2.82% 9.29%
2023 -2.27% 2.7%
2022 1.36% 5.03%
2021 -7.53% 1.71%
2020 -7.1% 5.41%
2019 -2.73% 1.51%
2018 -1.48% 0.06%
2017 -2.63% -1.98%
2016 -2.66% -0.35%
2015 -2.09% -3.79%
2014 -1.5% -5.38%
2013 -0.47% -3.82%
2012 0.68% -7.43%
2011 1.43% -5.25%
2010 -0.36% -5.49%
2009 -4.26% -2.98%
2008 3.93% -0.36%
2007 7.95% 0.55%
2006 7.51% -0.44%
2005 4.57% 0.23%
2004 2.05% -0.74%
2003 -0.42% -0.51%
2002 -1.17% -1.77%
2001 -0.49% -1.96%
2000 -0.69% -0.62%
1999 -2.02% 0.27%
1998 0.39% 1.64%
1997 2.04% 1.92%
1996 2.07% 1.21%
1995 3.1% -5.82%
1994 1.44% -9.51%
1993 1.42% -13.2%
1992 2.11% -9.89%
1991 1.54% -
1990 2.25% -
1989 5.31% -
1988 4.07% -
1987 2.36% -
1986 -0.92% -
1985 -2.22% -
1984 -2.95% -
1983 -2.67% -
1982 -1.02% -
1981 2.56% -
1980 5.41% -
1979 4.82% -
1978 -0.11% -
1977 -1.11% -
1976 -0.48% -
1975 -0.41% -
1974 -5.79% -
1973 -7.32% -
1972 -12.7% -
1971 -7.98% -
1970 -1.22% -
1969 0.6% -
1968 -0.79% -
1967 -0.64% -
1966 -1.88% -
1965 -1.64% -
1964 -2.24% -
1963 -3.29% -
1962 -4.31% -
1961 -2.89% -
1960 -3.14% -
1959 1.56% -
1958 -0.1% -
1957 -0.71% -
1956 -1.3% -
1955 -2.79% -
1954 -2.84% -
1953 -4.05% -
1952 -1.82% -
1951 -0.71% -
1950 -0.92% -
1949 1.71% -
1948 2.56% -
1947 -0.2% -
1946 0.12% -
1945 0.73% -
1944 0.25% -
1943 0.81% -
1942 1.51% -
1941 1.9% -
1940 2.64% -
1939 1.74% -
1938 1.25% -
1937 1.42% -
1936 2.62% -
1935 4.23% -
1934 2.42% -
1933 1.76% -
1932 -0.32% -
1931 -2.73% -
1930 1.47% -
1929 1.89% -
1928 4.11% -
1927 -0.17% -
1926 -3.23% -
1925 2.44% -
1924 3.68% -
1923 2.87% -
1922 -0.23% -
1921 -0.57% -
1920 -1.8% -
1919 -2.53% -
1918 0.71% -
1917 0.49% -
1916 0.98% -
1915 -2.13% -
1914 -2.67% -
1913 -2.23% -
1912 -3.29% -
1911 -3.32% -
1910 -3.17% -
1909 -2.26% -
1908 -0.84% -
1907 -2.39% -
1906 -2.8% -
1905 -1.31% -
1904 -1.6% -
1903 -1.35% -
1902 -3.65% -
1901 -3.93% -
1900 -1.89% -
1899 -0.78% -
1898 -3.84% -
1897 -1.78% -
1896 -5.36% -
1895 -2.31% -
1894 0.82% -
1893 -0.59% -
1892 -1.33% -
1891 -6.72% -
1890 -3.65% -
1889 -2.71% -
1888 -0.58% -
1887 -4% -
1886 -5.17% -
1885 -2.46% -
1884 -3.23% -
1883 -3.57% -
1882 -2.86% -
1881 -1.83% -
1880 -2% -
1879 -4.34% -
1878 -2.27% -
1877 -3.88% -
1876 -3.17% -
1875 -3.73% -
1874 -4.75% -
1873 -1.94% -
1872 -1.78% -
1871 -2.38% -
1870 -1.83% -
1869 -1.07% -
1868 -2.85% -
1867 -4.31% -
1866 -5.72% -
1865 -1.95% -
1864 -1.07% -
1863 -0.26% -
1862 -0.13% -
1861 -0.5% -
1860 -0.07% -
1859 -1.6% -
1858 -1.37% -
1857 -0.3% -
1856 0.11% -
1855 0.1% -
1854 -0.2% -
1853 0.27% -
1852 0.68% -
1851 -0.39% -
1850 0.35% -
1849 0.6% -
1848 -0.25% -
1847 0.04% -
1846 0.36% -
1845 -0.21% -
1844 0.48% -
1843 0.69% -
1842 1.1% -
1841 0.31% -
1840 0.34% -
1839 0.25% -
1838 -0.21% -
1837 -0.05% -
1836 -0.17% -
1835 -0.58% -
1834 -0.39% -
1833 -0.45% -
1832 -0.57% -
1831 -0.77% -
1830 -0.51% -
1829 -0.06% -
1828 -0.3% -
1827 0.07% -
1826 -0.08% -
1825 0.05% -
1824 -0.37% -
1823 0.98% -
1822 1.28% -
1821 -0.19% -
1820 0.64% -
1819 0.16% -
1818 1.52% -
1817 0.94% -
1816 1.21% -
1815 1.53% -
1814 1.91% -
1813 2.34% -
1812 2.79% -
1811 3.24% -
1810 3.64% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/samoa | CC BY

In 2025, Chile's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $9.94B, equivalent to 2.78% of GDP. This compares to Samoa's surplus of $60.3M, or 4.68% of GDP.

Over the past 34 years, Chile recorded a fiscal deficit in 19 of those years, while Samoa ran a deficit in 20 years. On average, Chile posted an annual deficit equal to 0.1% of GDP, compared to deficit of 1.32% of GDP for Samoa.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Chile

Samoa
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Chile Samoa
2025 4.21% 2.21%
2024 4.3% 2.17%
2023 7.58% 7.92%
2022 11.6% 11%
2021 4.52% 3.13%
2020 3.05% -1.57%
2019 2.56% 0.98%
2018 2.43% 4.2%
2017 2.18% 1.75%
2016 3.79% 1.3%
2015 4.35% 0.72%
2014 4.72% -0.41%
2013 1.79% 0.61%
2012 3.01% 2.05%
2011 3.34% 5.24%
2010 1.41% 0.78%
2009 0.35% 6.32%
2008 8.72% 11.6%
2007 4.41% 5.58%
2006 3.39% 3.7%
2005 3.05% 1.86%
2004 1.05% 16.3%
2003 2.81% 0.12%
2002 2.49% 8.05%
2001 3.57% 3.84%
2000 3.84% 0.97%
1999 3.34% 0.27%
1998 5.11% 2.22%
1997 6.13% 6.86%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/samoa | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Chile has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 3.9%, compared with 3.78% in Samoa. In 2025, inflation was 4.21% in Chile and 2.21% in Samoa.

Top exports between countries

Chile
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $386K
Miscellaneous $2K
Samoa
Export category Export value

Balance of trade

Chile Samoa
Current account balance
-$4.35B
2025
$89.3M
2025
Current account balance ranking
161/190
2025
64/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.22%
2025
+6.93%
2025
Goods imports
$86.5B
2025
$440M
2025
Goods exports
$110B
2025
$24.2M
2025
Service imports
$21.9B
2025
$108M
2025
Service exports
$13B
2025
$328M
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
30.4%
2025
43%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
34.6%
2025
27.6%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Chile Samoa
Economic freedom 74.3 68
Economic freedom ranking 20/197 52/197
Property rights 69.7 77.1
Government integrity 67.8 64.1
Judicial effectiveness 90.3 77.6
Tax burden 72.5 79.3
Government spending 78.2 75.2
Fiscal health 94.1 98.7
Business freedom 78.5 63.7
Labor freedom 56.8 73.7
Monetary freedom 75.1 69.4
Trade freedom 78 67.2
Investment freedom 60 40
Financial freedom 70 30

Economic freedom comparison by year

Chile
Samoa
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Chile Samoa
2026 74.3 68
2025 73.2 66.6
2024 71.4 67.2
2023 71.1 68.3
2022 74.4 68.3
2021 75.2 61.9
2020 76.8 62.1
2019 75.4 62.2
2018 75.2 61.5
2017 76.5 58.4
2016 77.7 63.5
2015 78.5 61.9
2014 78.7 61.1
2013 79 57.1
2012 78.3 60.5
2011 77.4 60.6
2010 77.2 60.4
2009 78.3 59.5
2008 78.6 -
2007 77.7 -
2006 78 -
2005 77.8 -
2004 76.9 -
2003 76 -
2002 77.8 -
2001 75.1 63.1
2000 74.7 60.8
1999 74.1 58.7
1998 74.9 49.9
1997 75.9 51.5
1996 72.6 47.6
1995 71.2 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/samoa | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Chile is 74.3, ranking 20/197, compared to 68 for Samoa, ranking 52/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Chile Samoa
Services, % of GDP
55.5%
2025
72.1%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
31.4%
2025
10.2%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
3.45%
2025
9.09%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$337B
2025
$1.24B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$35,730
2025
$9,300
2025
Total reserves including gold
$49.4B
2025
$598M
2025
Total reserves ranking
48/177
2025
153/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$5.83B
2025
-$1.83M
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$13.1B
2024
$3.74M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$4.04B
2024
$2.05M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
3.15%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
6.5%
2022
21.9%
2018
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
24.1%
2025
30%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1990, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.