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Economy of Chile vs Sao Tome and Principe compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Chile has a GDP of $330B compared to $822M for Sao Tome and Principe, ranking 45/197 and 189/197 by economy size, respectively.

Chile has $138B in government debt (41.7% of GDP), compared to $533M (64.8% of GDP) in Sao Tome and Principe.

Chile vs Sao Tome and Principe GDP by year

Chile
Sao Tome and Principe
1x
Year GDP, current $
Chile Sao Tome
2024 $330,267,137,372 $822,154,621
2023 $335,518,054,098 $690,456,807
2022 $301,226,575,540 $540,809,499
2021 $315,325,547,162 $524,402,456
2020 $254,042,159,309 $471,229,485
2019 $278,285,058,719 $412,976,083
2018 $295,857,562,992 $383,717,328
2017 $276,154,259,981 $322,002,845
2016 $249,344,863,928 $292,267,272
2015 $242,450,355,831 $259,999,643
2014 $259,560,978,224 $293,119,143
2013 $277,395,018,842 $267,041,748
2012 $267,024,782,487 $225,815,132
2011 $251,382,573,894 $226,455,001
2010 $217,051,209,239 $190,021,192
2009 $171,777,900,624 $200,668,065
2008 $179,894,594,475 $188,021,165
2007 $172,491,076,034 $149,146,919
2006 $153,843,518,171 $142,775,104
2005 $122,294,145,163 $136,450,662
2004 $99,075,985,774 $114,582,284
2003 $76,492,579,644 $102,085,769
2002 $70,264,045,939 $85,171,074
2001 $71,574,739,561 $75,951,133
2000 $78,339,750,721 $76,198,395
1999 $75,578,685,736 $77,302,212
1998 $81,990,010,704 $72,285,404
1997 $85,741,415,285 $91,920,274
1996 $78,584,098,984 $135,188,166
1995 $73,820,425,702 $103,695,237
1994 $57,438,273,591 $131,338,415
1993 $49,934,943,321 $125,742,229
1992 $46,538,895,686 $94,861,781
1991 $38,232,330,917 $107,484,143
1990 $33,428,580,448 $119,297,933
1989 $30,101,767,991 $98,545,367
1988 $26,174,858,614 $99,000,764
1987 $22,605,488,851 $115,952,925
1986 $19,197,818,085 $115,928,907
1985 $17,933,557,360 $82,733,069
1984 $19,974,595,028 $78,213,796
1983 $20,629,678,694 $75,110,289
1982 $19,710,229,067 $80,307,763
1981 $35,180,322,211 $83,499,264
1980 $29,586,676,576 $81,662,231
1979 $22,249,574,628 $65,755,928
1978 $16,373,093,554 $55,044,563
1977 $14,272,711,437 $49,207,692
1976 $10,523,479,089 $52,039,421
1975 $7,812,161,793 $60,101,710
1974 $16,584,311,220 $57,817,591
1973 $17,237,336,173 $56,011,245
1972 $12,057,501,635 $41,430,257
1971 $10,999,807,567 $37,288,845
1970 $9,261,006,540 $37,211,826
1969 $8,456,519,044 -
1968 $7,286,820,526 -
1967 $7,145,068,068 -
1966 $7,256,882,086 -
1965 $6,183,988,944 -
1964 $6,065,708,668 -
1963 $5,702,520,146 -
1962 $5,765,971,144 -
1961 $4,948,564,551 -
1960 $4,211,103,677 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/sao-tome-and-principe | CC BY

GDP per capita in Chile vs Sao Tome and Principe by year

Chile
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Sao Tome and Principe
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Chile Sao Tome
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $16,710 $36,181 $3,491 $6,242
2023 $17,067 $33,145 $2,991 $6,150
2022 $15,406 $30,932 $2,390 $6,034
2021 $16,207 $29,090 $2,363 $5,733
2020 $13,115 $25,351 $2,167 $5,145
2019 $14,496 $25,612 $1,935 $4,655
2018 $15,659 $25,305 $1,826 $3,941
2017 $14,880 $24,295 $1,556 $3,436
2016 $13,650 $23,257 $1,435 $3,320
2015 $13,434 $22,468 $1,298 $3,172
2014 $14,530 $22,554 $1,490 $3,233
2013 $15,684 $22,201 $1,383 $2,946
2012 $15,242 $21,366 $1,192 $2,653
2011 $14,487 $20,122 $1,220 $2,914
2010 $12,633 $17,918 $1,045 $2,859
2009 $10,099 $15,951 $1,128 $2,846
2008 $10,683 $16,376 $1,082 $2,802
2007 $10,346 $16,698 $879 $2,650
2006 $9,319 $15,511 $862 $2,551
2005 $7,480 $12,550 $844 $2,329
2004 $6,121 $11,612 $727 $2,171
2003 $4,773 $10,708 $664 $2,094
2002 $4,431 $10,133 $568 $1,945
2001 $4,564 $9,776 $519 $1,898
2000 $5,053 $9,376 $529 $1,830
1999 $4,934 $8,839 $543 $1,802
1998 $5,420 $8,850 $514 $1,754
1997 $5,742 $8,510 $662 $1,714
1996 $5,334 $7,895 $987 $1,693
1995 $5,081 $7,232 $769 $1,663
1994 $4,012 $6,476 $990 $1,623
1993 $3,541 $6,061 $964 $1,581
1992 $3,352 $5,563 $740 $1,556
1991 $2,798 $4,886 $855 $1,540
1990 $2,488 $4,444 $970 $1,504
1989 $2,278 - $821 -
1988 $2,014 - $847 -
1987 $1,767 - $1,018 -
1986 $1,525 - $1,043 -
1985 $1,447 - $761 -
1984 $1,636 - $735 -
1983 $1,715 - $720 -
1982 $1,663 - $783 -
1981 $3,012 - $830 -
1980 $2,571 - $829 -
1979 $1,962 - $683 -
1978 $1,465 - $587 -
1977 $1,297 - $539 -
1976 $971 - $585 -
1975 $732 - $693 -
1974 $1,579 - $683 -
1973 $1,667 - $676 -
1972 $1,185 - $511 -
1971 $1,099 - $470 -
1970 $941 - $479 -
1969 $874 - - -
1968 $766 - - -
1967 $764 - - -
1966 $790 - - -
1965 $686 - - -
1964 $686 - - -
1963 $658 - - -
1962 $679 - - -
1961 $594 - - -
1960 $516 - - -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/sao-tome-and-principe | CC BY

Chile's GDP per capita is $16,710, ranking 65/197, compared to $3,491 in Sao Tome and Principe, ranking 134/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Chile ranks 63rd at $36,181, while Sao Tome and Principe ranks 151st at $6,242.

Economic indicators

Chile Sao Tome
Gross domestic product
$330B
2024
$822M
2024
GDP rank
45/197
2024
189/197
2024
GDP growth
2.64%
2023-2024
1.1%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$16,710
2024
$3,491
2024
GDP per capita rank
65/197
2024
134/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$36,181
2024
$6,242
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
63/197
2024
151/197
2024
Government debt
$138B
2024
$533M
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
41.7%
2024
64.8%
2024
Government debt per person
$6,960
2024
$2,262
2024
Government debt per person rank
68/185
2024
116/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$10,247
2026
$3,111
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$262B
2024
n/a
Number of millionaires
81,274
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
6
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
34.5%
2022
32.8%
2017
Income share by poorest 10%
2.3%
2022
2.6%
2017
Government expenditure, % of GDP
26.7%
2024
24.7%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
4.3%
2023-2024
14.4%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
4.75%
2025
n/a
Unemployment rate
8.76%
2024
6.66%
2017
Population
19977856
246362

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Chile
Spending

Debt
Sao Tome and Principe
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Chile Sao Tome
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 26.7% 41.7% 24.7% 64.8%
2023 27.4% 39.4% 23.9% 73.2%
2022 26.7% 37.9% 27.7% 86.8%
2021 33.6% 36.4% 25.6% 85.1%
2020 29.1% 32.4% 23.2% 91%
2019 26.5% 28.3% 22.8% 98.6%
2018 25.6% 25.8% 28% 95.9%
2017 25.5% 23.7% 31.9% 92.3%
2016 25.4% 21.1% 38.3% 104.6%
2015 25% 17.4% 41.6% 101.1%
2014 23.9% 15% 36% 92.5%
2013 23.1% 12.8% 35.5% 76.8%
2012 23.1% 11.9% 50.5% 59.6%
2011 22.9% 11.1% 53.4% 86%
2010 23.5% 8.61% 51.7% 83%
2009 25% 5.84% 48.6% 70.3%
2008 21.8% 4.92% 30.4% 60.7%
2007 19.3% 3.9% 38.9% 110.1%
2006 18.7% 5.02% 32.5% 283.2%
2005 20.2% 7.04% 43.7% 334%
2004 20.8% 10.3% 60.6% 354%
2003 22.2% 12.6% 51.9% 329%
2002 23.2% 15% 44.3% 367%
2001 23.2% 14.3% 52.8% 418%
2000 22.9% 13.1% 10.7% -
1999 23.7% 13.3% - -
1998 21.9% 12.1% - -
1997 20.6% 12.8% - -
1996 20.6% 14.6% - -
1995 19.4% 17.2% - -
1994 20.6% 22.6% - -
1993 21.1% 28% - -
1992 20.8% 30.3% - -
1991 21.2% 37% - -
1990 20.9% 50.3% - -
1989 19.8% 51.9% - -
1988 21.3% 71.2% - -
1987 22.9% 81.6% - -
1986 26.6% 88.4% - -
1985 28.5% 79.8% - -
1984 30% 56.6% - -
1983 29.2% 45.5% - -
1982 30.1% 20.3% - -
1981 26.4% 14% - -
1980 23.8% 17.4% - -
1979 24.8% 23.2% - -
1978 29.4% 26% - -
1977 30% 16.5% - -
1976 30% 19.5% - -
1975 33.6% 28.4% - -
1974 32.3% 18.8% - -
1973 30.8% 11.1% - -
1972 35% 10.1% - -
1971 27.2% 20% - -
1970 21.1% 26.3% - -
1969 18.7% 21.5% - -
1968 19.3% 17.9% - -
1967 19.1% 14.9% - -
1966 20.5% 12.6% - -
1965 20.5% 12.6% - -
1964 17.8% 9.6% - -
1963 18.9% 9.23% - -
1962 21.3% 6.99% - -
1961 19.5% 7.97% - -
1960 19.7% 7.02% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1990, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/sao-tome-and-principe | CC BY

In 2024, Chile's government spending was $88.3B, accounting for 26.7% of its GDP, while Sao Tome and Principe spent $203M, or 24.7% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 41.7% in Chile and 64.8% in Sao Tome and Principe, ranking 129/185 and 69/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Chile

Sao Tome and Principe
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Chile Sao Tome
2024 -2.82% 0.92%
2023 -2.27% -2.13%
2022 1.36% -2.24%
2021 -7.53% -1.52%
2020 -7.1% 2.94%
2019 -2.73% -0.07%
2018 -1.48% -2.02%
2017 -2.63% -3.11%
2016 -2.66% -5.01%
2015 -2.09% -7.6%
2014 -1.5% -6.27%
2013 -0.47% 2.13%
2012 0.68% -12.3%
2011 1.43% -13%
2010 -0.36% -12.1%
2009 -4.26% -18%
2008 3.93% 13.6%
2007 7.95% 125.1%
2006 7.51% 18%
2005 4.57% 26.8%
2004 2.05% -25.1%
2003 -0.42% -15.9%
2002 -1.17% -10.4%
2001 -0.49% -13.5%
2000 -0.69% 51.5%
1999 -2.02% -
1998 0.39% -
1997 2.04% -
1996 2.07% -
1995 3.09% -
1994 1.43% -
1993 1.41% -
1992 2.09% -
1991 1.54% -
1990 2.24% -
1989 5.31% -
1988 4.07% -
1987 2.36% -
1986 -0.92% -
1985 -2.22% -
1984 -2.95% -
1983 -2.67% -
1982 -1.02% -
1981 2.56% -
1980 5.41% -
1979 4.82% -
1978 -0.11% -
1977 -1.11% -
1976 -0.48% -
1975 -0.41% -
1974 -5.79% -
1973 -7.32% -
1972 -12.7% -
1971 -7.98% -
1970 -1.22% -
1969 0.6% -
1968 -0.79% -
1967 -0.64% -
1966 -1.88% -
1965 -1.64% -
1964 -2.24% -
1963 -3.29% -
1962 -4.31% -
1961 -2.89% -
1960 -3.14% -
1959 1.56% -
1958 -0.1% -
1957 -0.71% -
1956 -1.3% -
1955 -2.79% -
1954 -2.84% -
1953 -4.05% -
1952 -1.82% -
1951 -0.71% -
1950 -0.92% -
1949 1.71% -
1948 2.56% -
1947 -0.2% -
1946 0.12% -
1945 0.73% -
1944 0.25% -
1943 0.81% -
1942 1.51% -
1941 1.9% -
1940 2.64% -
1939 1.74% -
1938 1.25% -
1937 1.42% -
1936 2.62% -
1935 4.23% -
1934 2.42% -
1933 1.76% -
1932 -0.32% -
1931 -2.73% -
1930 1.47% -
1929 1.89% -
1928 4.11% -
1927 -0.17% -
1926 -3.23% -
1925 2.44% -
1924 3.68% -
1923 2.87% -
1922 -0.23% -
1921 -0.57% -
1920 -1.8% -
1919 -2.53% -
1918 0.71% -
1917 0.49% -
1916 0.98% -
1915 -2.13% -
1914 -2.67% -
1913 -2.23% -
1912 -3.29% -
1911 -3.32% -
1910 -3.17% -
1909 -2.26% -
1908 -0.84% -
1907 -2.39% -
1906 -2.8% -
1905 -1.31% -
1904 -1.6% -
1903 -1.35% -
1902 -3.65% -
1901 -3.93% -
1900 -1.89% -
1899 -0.78% -
1898 -3.84% -
1897 -1.78% -
1896 -5.36% -
1895 -2.31% -
1894 0.82% -
1893 -0.59% -
1892 -1.33% -
1891 -6.72% -
1890 -3.65% -
1889 -2.71% -
1888 -0.58% -
1887 -4% -
1886 -5.17% -
1885 -2.46% -
1884 -3.23% -
1883 -3.57% -
1882 -2.86% -
1881 -1.83% -
1880 -2% -
1879 -4.34% -
1878 -2.27% -
1877 -3.88% -
1876 -3.17% -
1875 -3.73% -
1874 -4.75% -
1873 -1.94% -
1872 -1.78% -
1871 -2.38% -
1870 -1.83% -
1869 -1.07% -
1868 -2.85% -
1867 -4.31% -
1866 -5.72% -
1865 -1.95% -
1864 -1.07% -
1863 -0.26% -
1862 -0.13% -
1861 -0.5% -
1860 -0.07% -
1859 -1.6% -
1858 -1.37% -
1857 -0.3% -
1856 0.11% -
1855 0.1% -
1854 -0.2% -
1853 0.27% -
1852 0.68% -
1851 -0.39% -
1850 0.35% -
1849 0.6% -
1848 -0.25% -
1847 0.04% -
1846 0.36% -
1845 -0.21% -
1844 0.48% -
1843 0.69% -
1842 1.1% -
1841 0.31% -
1840 0.34% -
1839 0.25% -
1838 -0.21% -
1837 -0.05% -
1836 -0.17% -
1835 -0.58% -
1834 -0.39% -
1833 -0.45% -
1832 -0.57% -
1831 -0.77% -
1830 -0.51% -
1829 -0.06% -
1828 -0.3% -
1827 0.07% -
1826 -0.08% -
1825 0.05% -
1824 -0.37% -
1823 0.98% -
1822 1.28% -
1821 -0.19% -
1820 0.64% -
1819 0.16% -
1818 1.52% -
1817 0.94% -
1816 1.21% -
1815 1.53% -
1814 1.91% -
1813 2.34% -
1812 2.79% -
1811 3.24% -
1810 3.64% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/sao-tome-and-principe | CC BY

In 2024, Chile's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $9.3B, equivalent to 2.82% of GDP. This compares to Sao Tome and Principe's surplus of $7.57M, or 0.92% of GDP.

Over the past 25 years, Chile recorded a fiscal deficit in 17 of those years, while Sao Tome and Principe ran a deficit in 17 years. On average, Chile posted an annual deficit equal to 0.45% of GDP, compared to surplus of 3.63% of GDP for Sao Tome and Principe.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Chile

Sao Tome and Principe
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Chile Sao Tome
2024 4.3% 14.4%
2023 7.58% 21.2%
2022 11.6% 18%
2021 4.52% 8.1%
2020 3.05% 9.8%
2019 2.56% 7.7%
2018 2.43% 7.9%
2017 2.18% 5.7%
2016 3.79% 5.4%
2015 4.35% 6.1%
2014 4.72% 7%
2013 1.79% 8.1%
2012 3.01% 10.6%
2011 3.34% 14.3%
2010 1.41% 13.3%
2009 0.35% 17%
2008 8.72% 32%
2007 4.41% 18.6%
2006 3.39% 23.1%
2005 3.05% 17.2%
2004 1.05% 13.3%
2003 2.81% 9.8%
2002 2.49% 10.1%
2001 3.57% 9.2%
2000 3.84% 11%
1999 3.34% 11%
1998 5.11% 42.1%
1997 6.13% 69%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/sao-tome-and-principe | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Chile has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 3.89%, compared with 15.8% in Sao Tome and Principe. In 2024, inflation was 4.3% in Chile and 14.4% in Sao Tome and Principe.

Balance of trade

Chile Sao Tome
Current account balance
-$4.85B
2024
$41.5M
2024
Current account balance ranking
166/190
2024
74/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.47%
2024
+5.05%
2024
Goods imports
$78.1B
2024
$153M
2024
Goods exports
$99.2B
2024
$29.3M
2024
Service imports
$21.1B
2024
$83M
2024
Service exports
$12B
2024
$88.2M
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
30.1%
2024
n/a
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
33.7%
2024
10%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Chile Sao Tome
Economic freedom 74.3 60.6
Economic freedom ranking 20/197 93/197
Property rights 69.7 55.2
Government integrity 67.8 47.2
Judicial effectiveness 90.3 60.8
Tax burden 72.5 88.6
Government spending 78.2 80.6
Fiscal health 94.1 89.5
Business freedom 78.5 59.9
Labor freedom 56.8 40.8
Monetary freedom 75.1 59.4
Trade freedom 78 65
Investment freedom 60 50
Financial freedom 70 30

Economic freedom comparison by year

Chile
Sao Tome and Principe
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Chile Sao Tome
2026 74.3 60.6
2025 73.2 60.4
2024 71.4 60.5
2023 71.1 61.5
2022 74.4 60.3
2021 75.2 55.9
2020 76.8 56.2
2019 75.4 54
2018 75.2 53.6
2017 76.5 55.4
2016 77.7 56.7
2015 78.5 53.3
2014 78.7 48.8
2013 79 48
2012 78.3 50.2
2011 77.4 49.5
2010 77.2 48.8
2009 78.3 43.8
2008 78.6 -
2007 77.7 -
2006 78 -
2005 77.8 -
2004 76.9 -
2003 76 -
2002 77.8 -
2001 75.1 -
2000 74.7 -
1999 74.1 -
1998 74.9 -
1997 75.9 -
1996 72.6 -
1995 71.2 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/sao-tome-and-principe | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Chile is 74.3, ranking 20/197, compared to 60.6 for Sao Tome and Principe, ranking 93/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Chile Sao Tome
Services, % of GDP
56.1%
2024
80.3%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
30.1%
2024
2.83%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
3.91%
2024
12.5%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$311B
2024
$671M
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$34,320
2024
$6,240
2024
Total reserves including gold
$44.4B
2024
$46.2M
2023
Total reserves ranking
45/177
2024
176/177
2023
Net foreign direct investment
-$8.93B
2024
$20.5M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$12.5B
2024
-$16.7M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$3.59B
2024
$3.83M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
0.64%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
6.5%
2022
66.2%
2020
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.2%
2024
n/a

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1990, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  7. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
  8. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-02-20)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.