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Economy of Benin vs Chile compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Benin has a GDP of $21.5B compared to $330B for Chile, ranking 126/197 and 45/197 by economy size, respectively.

Benin has $11.5B in government debt (53.4% of GDP), compared to $138B (41.7% of GDP) in Chile.

Benin vs Chile GDP by year

Benin
Chile
1x
Year GDP, current $
Benin Chile
2024 $21,482,643,706 $330,267,137,372
2023 $19,673,291,004 $335,518,054,098
2022 $17,425,405,091 $301,226,575,540
2021 $17,687,623,530 $315,325,547,162
2020 $15,686,741,884 $254,042,159,309
2019 $14,391,686,313 $278,285,058,719
2018 $14,262,408,090 $295,857,562,992
2017 $12,701,655,837 $276,154,259,981
2016 $11,821,065,853 $249,344,863,928
2015 $11,388,160,997 $242,450,355,831
2014 $13,284,527,847 $259,560,978,224
2013 $12,517,845,124 $277,395,018,842
2012 $11,141,358,116 $267,024,782,487
2011 $10,693,321,364 $251,382,573,894
2010 $9,535,345,016 $217,051,209,239
2009 $9,738,626,517 $171,777,900,624
2008 $9,787,734,526 $179,894,594,475
2007 $8,169,048,383 $172,491,076,034
2006 $7,034,111,315 $153,843,518,171
2005 $6,567,654,954 $122,294,145,163
2004 $6,190,270,380 $99,075,985,774
2003 $5,349,258,094 $76,492,579,644
2002 $4,194,342,686 $70,264,045,939
2001 $3,666,222,635 $71,574,739,561
2000 $3,519,991,440 $78,339,750,721
1999 $3,677,393,999 $75,578,685,736
1998 $2,455,092,686 $81,990,010,704
1997 $2,268,301,646 $85,741,415,285
1996 $2,361,116,449 $78,584,098,984
1995 $2,169,627,138 $73,820,425,702
1994 $1,598,075,944 $57,438,273,591
1993 $2,274,558,083 $49,934,943,321
1992 $1,695,315,306 $46,538,895,686
1991 $1,986,437,797 $38,232,330,917
1990 $1,959,965,330 $33,428,580,448
1989 $1,502,294,416 $30,101,767,991
1988 $1,620,246,084 $26,174,858,614
1987 $1,562,412,228 $22,605,488,851
1986 $1,336,102,025 $19,197,818,085
1985 $1,045,712,789 $17,933,557,360
1984 $1,051,134,009 $19,974,595,028
1983 $1,095,348,199 $20,629,678,694
1982 $1,267,778,670 $19,710,229,067
1981 $1,291,120,188 $35,180,322,211
1980 $1,405,251,847 $29,586,676,576
1979 $1,186,231,020 $22,249,574,628
1978 $928,843,469 $16,373,093,554
1977 $750,049,779 $14,272,711,437
1976 $698,408,262 $10,523,479,089
1975 $676,870,140 $7,812,161,793
1974 $554,654,861 $16,584,311,220
1973 $504,376,074 $17,237,336,173
1972 $410,331,857 $12,057,501,635
1971 $335,073,028 $10,999,807,567
1970 $333,627,713 $9,261,006,540
1969 $330,748,245 $8,456,519,044
1968 $326,323,105 $7,286,820,526
1967 $306,221,953 $7,145,068,068
1966 $302,925,235 $7,256,882,086
1965 $289,908,680 $6,183,988,944
1964 $269,819,006 $6,065,708,668
1963 $253,927,697 $5,702,520,146
1962 $236,434,954 $5,765,971,144
1961 $235,668,221 $4,948,564,551
1960 $226,195,578 $4,211,103,677

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/benin/chile | CC BY

GDP per capita in Benin vs Chile by year

Benin
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Chile
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Benin Chile
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $1,485 $4,435 $16,710 $36,181
2023 $1,394 $4,130 $17,067 $33,145
2022 $1,266 $3,844 $15,406 $30,932
2021 $1,319 $3,464 $16,207 $29,090
2020 $1,200 $3,245 $13,115 $25,351
2019 $1,131 $3,149 $14,496 $25,612
2018 $1,152 $2,965 $15,659 $25,305
2017 $1,055 $2,886 $14,880 $24,295
2016 $1,011 $2,842 $13,650 $23,257
2015 $1,002 $2,725 $13,434 $22,468
2014 $1,204 $2,670 $14,530 $22,554
2013 $1,169 $2,512 $15,684 $22,201
2012 $1,072 $2,346 $15,242 $21,366
2011 $1,059 $2,265 $14,487 $20,122
2010 $973 $2,220 $12,633 $17,918
2009 $1,024 $2,213 $10,099 $15,951
2008 $1,061 $2,215 $10,683 $16,376
2007 $912 $2,136 $10,346 $16,698
2006 $809 $2,021 $9,319 $15,511
2005 $779 $1,946 $7,480 $12,550
2004 $759 $1,915 $6,121 $11,612
2003 $676 $1,842 $4,773 $10,708
2002 $546 $1,800 $4,431 $10,133
2001 $492 $1,746 $4,564 $9,776
2000 $487 $1,671 $5,053 $9,376
1999 $525 $1,592 $4,934 $8,839
1998 $362 $1,537 $5,420 $8,850
1997 $345 $1,508 $5,742 $8,510
1996 $369 $1,444 $5,334 $7,895
1995 $348 $1,395 $5,081 $7,232
1994 $262.1 $1,316 $4,012 $6,476
1993 $387 $1,311 $3,541 $6,061
1992 $302 $1,265 $3,352 $5,563
1991 $365 $1,239 $2,798 $4,886
1990 $371 $1,186 $2,488 $4,444
1989 $293.3 - $2,278 -
1988 $326 - $2,014 -
1987 $324 - $1,767 -
1986 $285.8 - $1,525 -
1985 $230.4 - $1,447 -
1984 $238.6 - $1,636 -
1983 $256 - $1,715 -
1982 $305 - $1,663 -
1981 $320 - $3,012 -
1980 $358 - $2,571 -
1979 $311 - $1,962 -
1978 $249.8 - $1,465 -
1977 $207 - $1,297 -
1976 $197.7 - $971 -
1975 $196.5 - $732 -
1974 $164.9 - $1,579 -
1973 $153.6 - $1,667 -
1972 $127.9 - $1,185 -
1971 $106.9 - $1,099 -
1970 $108.8 - $941 -
1969 $110.3 - $874 -
1968 $111.2 - $766 -
1967 $106.6 - $764 -
1966 $107.6 - $790 -
1965 $105.1 - $686 -
1964 $99.8 - $686 -
1963 $95.7 - $658 -
1962 $90.8 - $679 -
1961 $92.1 - $594 -
1960 $89.9 - $516 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/benin/chile | CC BY

Benin's GDP per capita is $1,485, ranking 162/197, compared to $16,710 in Chile, ranking 65/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Benin ranks 162nd at $4,435, while Chile ranks 63rd at $36,181.

Economic indicators

Benin Chile
Gross domestic product
$21.5B
2024
$330B
2024
GDP rank
126/197
2024
45/197
2024
GDP growth
7.45%
2023-2024
2.64%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$1,485
2024
$16,710
2024
GDP per capita rank
162/197
2024
65/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$4,435
2024
$36,181
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
162/197
2024
63/197
2024
Government debt
$11.5B
2024
$138B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
53.4%
2024
41.7%
2024
Government debt per person
$794
2024
$6,960
2024
Government debt per person rank
151/185
2024
68/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$1,091
2026
$10,247
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$262B
2024
Number of millionaires n/a
81,274
2025
Number of billionaires n/a
6
2025
Income share by richest 10%
27.2%
2021
34.5%
2022
Income share by poorest 10%
3.1%
2021
2.3%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
18.1%
2024
26.7%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
1.2%
2023-2024
4.3%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
4.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
1.69%
2022
8.76%
2024
Population
15272847
19977856

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Benin
Spending

Debt
Chile
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Benin Chile
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 18.1% 53.4% 26.7% 41.7%
2023 19.2% 54.9% 27.4% 39.4%
2022 19.9% 54.2% 26.7% 37.9%
2021 19.9% 50.3% 33.6% 36.4%
2020 19.1% 46.1% 29.1% 32.4%
2019 14.3% 40.4% 26.5% 28.3%
2018 16.5% 40.8% 25.6% 25.8%
2017 17.7% 39.4% 25.5% 23.7%
2016 15.4% 35.9% 25.4% 21.1%
2015 18.2% 30.9% 25% 17.4%
2014 14.2% 22.3% 23.9% 15%
2013 14.9% 18.5% 23.1% 12.8%
2012 14.2% 19.5% 23.1% 11.9%
2011 14.7% 21.9% 22.9% 11.1%
2010 14.1% 21% 23.5% 8.61%
2009 17% 18.7% 25% 5.84%
2008 14.5% 18.3% 21.8% 4.92%
2007 15.8% 14.3% 19.3% 3.9%
2006 13% 8.37% 18.7% 5.02%
2005 14.1% 27% 20.2% 7.04%
2004 13.4% 21.5% 20.8% 10.3%
2003 13.7% 23.4% 22.2% 12.6%
2002 15.3% 30.8% 23.2% 15%
2001 15.4% 38% 23.2% 14.3%
2000 15.6% 39.6% 22.9% 13.1%
1999 10.7% 39.4% 23.7% 13.3%
1998 10.9% 39.2% 21.9% 12.1%
1997 12.7% 42.9% 20.6% 12.8%
1996 13.3% 43.4% 20.6% 14.6%
1995 14.8% 48.3% 19.4% 17.2%
1994 13.6% 64.6% 20.6% 22.6%
1993 12% 41.9% 21.1% 28%
1992 13.5% 41.8% 20.8% 30.3%
1991 12.6% 44% 21.2% 37%
1990 13.3% 45.3% 20.9% 50.3%
1989 17.1% 50.3% 19.8% 51.9%
1988 - - 21.3% 71.2%
1987 - - 22.9% 81.6%
1986 - - 26.6% 88.4%
1985 - - 28.5% 79.8%
1984 - - 30% 56.6%
1983 - - 29.2% 45.5%
1982 - - 30.1% 20.3%
1981 - - 26.4% 14%
1980 - - 23.8% 17.4%
1979 - - 24.8% 23.2%
1978 - - 29.4% 26%
1977 - - 30% 16.5%
1976 - - 30% 19.5%
1975 - - 33.6% 28.4%
1974 - - 32.3% 18.8%
1973 - - 30.8% 11.1%
1972 - - 35% 10.1%
1971 - - 27.2% 20%
1970 - - 21.1% 26.3%
1969 - - 18.7% 21.5%
1968 - - 19.3% 17.9%
1967 - - 19.1% 14.9%
1966 - - 20.5% 12.6%
1965 - - 20.5% 12.6%
1964 - - 17.8% 9.6%
1963 - - 18.9% 9.23%
1962 - - 21.3% 6.99%
1961 - - 19.5% 7.97%
1960 - - 19.7% 7.02%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1997, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/benin/chile | CC BY

In 2024, Benin's government spending was $3.88B, accounting for 18.1% of its GDP, while Chile spent $88.3B, or 26.7% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 53.4% in Benin and 41.7% in Chile, ranking 99/185 and 129/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Benin

Chile
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Benin Chile
2024 -3.06% -2.82%
2023 -4.13% -2.27%
2022 -5.55% 1.36%
2021 -5.71% -7.53%
2020 -4.68% -7.1%
2019 -0.53% -2.73%
2018 -2.96% -1.48%
2017 -4.18% -2.63%
2016 -4.29% -2.66%
2015 -5.55% -2.09%
2014 -1.65% -1.5%
2013 -1.37% -0.47%
2012 -0.22% 0.68%
2011 -0.98% 1.43%
2010 -0.28% -0.36%
2009 -2.24% -4.26%
2008 -0.04% 3.93%
2007 0.22% 7.95%
2006 -0.15% 7.51%
2005 -1.52% 4.57%
2004 -0.7% 2.05%
2003 -1.07% -0.42%
2002 -3.33% -1.17%
2001 -3.27% -0.49%
2000 -3.69% -0.69%
1999 1.94% -2.02%
1998 1.83% 0.39%
1997 0.47% 2.04%
1996 -0.11% 2.07%
1995 -1.91% 3.09%
1994 -1.57% 1.43%
1993 -0.41% 1.41%
1992 -1.98% 2.09%
1991 -2.25% 1.54%
1990 -2.37% 2.24%
1989 0.89% 5.31%
1988 - 4.07%
1987 - 2.36%
1986 - -0.92%
1985 - -2.22%
1984 - -2.95%
1983 - -2.67%
1982 - -1.02%
1981 - 2.56%
1980 - 5.41%
1979 - 4.82%
1978 - -0.11%
1977 - -1.11%
1976 - -0.48%
1975 - -0.41%
1974 - -5.79%
1973 - -7.32%
1972 - -12.7%
1971 - -7.98%
1970 - -1.22%
1969 - 0.6%
1968 - -0.79%
1967 - -0.64%
1966 - -1.88%
1965 - -1.64%
1964 - -2.24%
1963 - -3.29%
1962 - -4.31%
1961 - -2.89%
1960 - -3.14%
1959 - 1.56%
1958 - -0.1%
1957 - -0.71%
1956 - -1.3%
1955 - -2.79%
1954 - -2.84%
1953 - -4.05%
1952 - -1.82%
1951 - -0.71%
1950 - -0.92%
1949 - 1.71%
1948 - 2.56%
1947 - -0.2%
1946 - 0.12%
1945 - 0.73%
1944 - 0.25%
1943 - 0.81%
1942 - 1.51%
1941 - 1.9%
1940 - 2.64%
1939 - 1.74%
1938 - 1.25%
1937 - 1.42%
1936 - 2.62%
1935 - 4.23%
1934 - 2.42%
1933 - 1.76%
1932 - -0.32%
1931 - -2.73%
1930 - 1.47%
1929 - 1.89%
1928 - 4.11%
1927 - -0.17%
1926 - -3.23%
1925 - 2.44%
1924 - 3.68%
1923 - 2.87%
1922 - -0.23%
1921 - -0.57%
1920 - -1.8%
1919 - -2.53%
1918 - 0.71%
1917 - 0.49%
1916 - 0.98%
1915 - -2.13%
1914 - -2.67%
1913 - -2.23%
1912 - -3.29%
1911 - -3.32%
1910 - -3.17%
1909 - -2.26%
1908 - -0.84%
1907 - -2.39%
1906 - -2.8%
1905 - -1.31%
1904 - -1.6%
1903 - -1.35%
1902 - -3.65%
1901 - -3.93%
1900 - -1.89%
1899 - -0.78%
1898 - -3.84%
1897 - -1.78%
1896 - -5.36%
1895 - -2.31%
1894 - 0.82%
1893 - -0.59%
1892 - -1.33%
1891 - -6.72%
1890 - -3.65%
1889 - -2.71%
1888 - -0.58%
1887 - -4%
1886 - -5.17%
1885 - -2.46%
1884 - -3.23%
1883 - -3.57%
1882 - -2.86%
1881 - -1.83%
1880 - -2%
1879 - -4.34%
1878 - -2.27%
1877 - -3.88%
1876 - -3.17%
1875 - -3.73%
1874 - -4.75%
1873 - -1.94%
1872 - -1.78%
1871 - -2.38%
1870 - -1.83%
1869 - -1.07%
1868 - -2.85%
1867 - -4.31%
1866 - -5.72%
1865 - -1.95%
1864 - -1.07%
1863 - -0.26%
1862 - -0.13%
1861 - -0.5%
1860 - -0.07%
1859 - -1.6%
1858 - -1.37%
1857 - -0.3%
1856 - 0.11%
1855 - 0.1%
1854 - -0.2%
1853 - 0.27%
1852 - 0.68%
1851 - -0.39%
1850 - 0.35%
1849 - 0.6%
1848 - -0.25%
1847 - 0.04%
1846 - 0.36%
1845 - -0.21%
1844 - 0.48%
1843 - 0.69%
1842 - 1.1%
1841 - 0.31%
1840 - 0.34%
1839 - 0.25%
1838 - -0.21%
1837 - -0.05%
1836 - -0.17%
1835 - -0.58%
1834 - -0.39%
1833 - -0.45%
1832 - -0.57%
1831 - -0.77%
1830 - -0.51%
1829 - -0.06%
1828 - -0.3%
1827 - 0.07%
1826 - -0.08%
1825 - 0.05%
1824 - -0.37%
1823 - 0.98%
1822 - 1.28%
1821 - -0.19%
1820 - 0.64%
1819 - 0.16%
1818 - 1.52%
1817 - 0.94%
1816 - 1.21%
1815 - 1.53%
1814 - 1.91%
1813 - 2.34%
1812 - 2.79%
1811 - 3.24%
1810 - 3.64%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/benin/chile | CC BY

In 2024, Benin's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $658M, equivalent to 3.06% of GDP. This compares to Chile's deficit of $9.3B, or 2.82% of GDP.

Over the past 36 years, Benin recorded a fiscal deficit in 31 of those years, while Chile ran a deficit in 18 years. On average, Benin posted an annual deficit equal to 1.84% of GDP, compared to surplus of 0.23% of GDP for Chile.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Benin

Chile
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Benin Chile
2024 1.2% 4.3%
2023 2.7% 7.58%
2022 1.4% 11.6%
2021 1.7% 4.52%
2020 3% 3.05%
2019 -0.9% 2.56%
2018 0.8% 2.43%
2017 1.8% 2.18%
2016 -0.8% 3.79%
2015 0.2% 4.35%
2014 -0.6% 4.72%
2013 0.4% 1.79%
2012 6.7% 3.01%
2011 2.7% 3.34%
2010 2.1% 1.41%
2009 0.9% 0.35%
2008 7.4% 8.72%
2007 1.3% 4.41%
2006 3.8% 3.39%
2005 5.4% 3.05%
2004 0.9% 1.05%
2003 1.5% 2.81%
2002 2.4% 2.49%
2001 4% 3.57%
2000 4.2% 3.84%
1999 0.3% 3.34%
1998 5.8% 5.11%
1997 3.8% 6.13%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/benin/chile | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Benin has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.29%, compared with 3.89% in Chile. In 2024, inflation was 1.2% in Benin and 4.3% in Chile.

Top exports between countries

Benin
Export category Export value
Chile
Export category Export value
Animal & marine products $866K
Raw agricultural goods $83K
Textiles & consumer goods $11K
Machinery & equipment $1K

Balance of trade

Benin Chile
Current account balance
-$1.61B
2023
-$4.85B
2024
Current account balance ranking
135/190
2023
166/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-8.18%
2023
-1.47%
2024
Goods imports
$4.65B
2023
$78.1B
2024
Goods exports
$4.05B
2023
$99.2B
2024
Service imports
$1.54B
2023
$21.1B
2024
Service exports
$461M
2023
$12B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
21.8%
2024
30.1%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
18.8%
2024
33.7%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Benin Chile
Economic freedom 60 74.3
Economic freedom ranking 96/197 20/197
Property rights 46.4 69.7
Government integrity 44.1 67.8
Judicial effectiveness 47.7 90.3
Tax burden 69.4 72.5
Government spending 89.1 78.2
Fiscal health 65.4 94.1
Business freedom 53.3 78.5
Labor freedom 60.2 56.8
Monetary freedom 82.1 75.1
Trade freedom 62.6 78
Investment freedom 50 60
Financial freedom 50 70

Economic freedom comparison by year

Benin
Chile
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Benin Chile
2026 60 74.3
2025 58.5 73.2
2024 57.7 71.4
2023 59.8 71.1
2022 61 74.4
2021 59.6 75.2
2020 55.2 76.8
2019 55.3 75.4
2018 56.7 75.2
2017 59.2 76.5
2016 59.3 77.7
2015 58.8 78.5
2014 57.1 78.7
2013 57.6 79
2012 55.7 78.3
2011 56 77.4
2010 55.4 77.2
2009 55.4 78.3
2008 55.2 78.6
2007 55.1 77.7
2006 54 78
2005 52.3 77.8
2004 54.6 76.9
2003 54.9 76
2002 57.3 77.8
2001 60.1 75.1
2000 61.5 74.7
1999 60.6 74.1
1998 61.7 74.9
1997 61.3 75.9
1996 54.5 72.6
1995 - 71.2

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/benin/chile | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Benin is 60, ranking 96/197, compared to 74.3 for Chile, ranking 20/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Benin Chile
Services, % of GDP
48.9%
2024
56.1%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
17.4%
2024
30.1%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
24.2%
2024
3.91%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$20.6B
2024
$311B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$4,390
2024
$34,320
2024
Total reserves including gold n/a
$44.4B
2024
Total reserves ranking n/a
45/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$430M
2023
-$8.93B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$543M
2024
$12.5B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$60.3M
2024
$3.59B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
5.38%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
36.2%
2021
6.5%
2022
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
35.1%
2024
23.2%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/benin/chile | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1997, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2020–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.