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Economy of Chile vs Latvia compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Chile has a GDP of $357B compared to $48.6B for Latvia, ranking 45/197 and 99/197 by economy size, respectively.

Chile has $149B in government debt (41.8% of GDP), compared to $22.8B (46.9% of GDP) in Latvia.

Chile vs Latvia GDP by year

Chile
Latvia
1x
Year GDP, current $
Chile Latvia
2025 $357,371,159,575 $48,618,869,160
2024 $329,260,633,699 $44,001,275,013
2023 $335,802,745,366 $42,779,550,937
2022 $301,099,244,104 $38,003,198,509
2021 $315,507,493,783 $38,183,326,785
2020 $254,103,710,483 $33,379,927,435
2019 $278,308,438,545 $33,099,503,951
2018 $295,857,562,992 $33,247,935,477
2017 $276,154,259,981 $29,391,059,767
2016 $249,344,863,928 $27,117,105,060
2015 $242,450,355,831 $26,344,565,877
2014 $259,560,978,224 $30,277,203,767
2013 $277,395,018,842 $29,152,128,168
2012 $267,024,782,487 $27,116,149,949
2011 $251,382,573,894 $26,575,547,901
2010 $217,051,209,239 $23,468,324,572
2009 $171,777,900,624 $25,691,530,442
2008 $179,894,594,475 $34,135,200,994
2007 $172,491,076,034 $29,420,499,248
2006 $153,843,518,171 $20,434,922,247
2005 $122,294,145,163 $16,306,935,905
2004 $99,075,985,774 $13,827,070,379
2003 $76,492,579,644 $11,244,337,720
2002 $70,264,045,939 $9,249,030,241
2001 $71,574,739,561 $8,190,888,740
2000 $78,339,750,721 $7,761,252,607
1999 $75,578,685,736 $7,324,192,890
1998 $81,990,010,704 $6,974,112,951
1997 $85,741,415,285 $6,349,481,007
1996 $78,584,098,984 $5,799,465,288
1995 $73,820,425,702 $5,608,208,785
1994 $57,438,273,591 -
1993 $49,934,943,321 -
1992 $46,538,895,686 -
1991 $38,232,330,917 -
1990 $33,428,580,448 -
1989 $30,101,767,991 -
1988 $26,174,858,614 -
1987 $22,605,488,851 -
1986 $19,197,818,085 -
1985 $17,933,557,360 -
1984 $19,974,595,028 -
1983 $20,629,678,694 -
1982 $19,710,229,067 -
1981 $35,180,322,211 -
1980 $29,586,676,576 -
1979 $22,249,574,628 -
1978 $16,373,093,554 -
1977 $14,272,711,437 -
1976 $10,523,479,089 -
1975 $7,812,161,793 -
1974 $16,584,311,220 -
1973 $17,237,336,173 -
1972 $12,057,501,635 -
1971 $10,999,807,567 -
1970 $9,261,006,540 -
1969 $8,456,519,044 -
1968 $7,286,820,526 -
1967 $7,145,068,068 -
1966 $7,256,882,086 -
1965 $6,183,988,944 -
1964 $6,065,708,668 -
1963 $5,702,520,146 -
1962 $5,765,971,144 -
1961 $4,948,564,551 -
1960 $4,211,103,677 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/latvia | CC BY

GDP per capita in Chile vs Latvia by year

Chile
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Latvia
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Chile Latvia
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $17,995 - $26,312 -
2024 $16,659 $36,181 $23,579 $43,394
2023 $17,082 $33,145 $22,710 $42,576
2022 $15,399 $30,932 $20,221 $40,559
2021 $16,216 $29,090 $20,262 $36,912
2020 $13,118 $25,351 $17,564 $32,741
2019 $14,497 $25,612 $17,295 $32,199
2018 $15,659 $25,305 $17,252 $29,818
2017 $14,880 $24,295 $15,132 $25,764
2016 $13,650 $23,257 $13,839 $24,063
2015 $13,434 $22,468 $13,322 $22,544
2014 $14,530 $22,554 $15,186 $21,554
2013 $15,684 $22,201 $14,484 $20,474
2012 $15,242 $21,366 $13,329 $19,417
2011 $14,487 $20,122 $12,903 $17,680
2010 $12,633 $17,918 $11,188 $16,373
2009 $10,099 $15,951 $11,996 $15,545
2008 $10,683 $16,376 $15,678 $17,443
2007 $10,346 $16,698 $13,371 $16,246
2006 $9,319 $15,511 $9,212 $14,180
2005 $7,480 $12,550 $7,284 $12,826
2004 $6,121 $11,612 $6,110 $11,319
2003 $4,773 $10,708 $4,915 $10,193
2002 $4,431 $10,133 $4,004 $9,569
2001 $4,564 $9,776 $3,505 $8,808
2000 $5,053 $9,376 $3,278 $7,849
1999 $4,934 $8,839 $3,064 $7,256
1998 $5,420 $8,850 $2,894 $6,922
1997 $5,742 $8,510 $2,610 $6,366
1996 $5,334 $7,895 $2,360 $5,688
1995 $5,081 $7,232 $2,257 $5,391
1994 $4,012 $6,476 - $5,012
1993 $3,541 $6,061 - $4,722
1992 $3,352 $5,563 - $4,760
1991 $2,798 $4,886 - $6,762
1990 $2,488 $4,444 - $7,448
1989 $2,278 - - -
1988 $2,014 - - -
1987 $1,767 - - -
1986 $1,525 - - -
1985 $1,447 - - -
1984 $1,636 - - -
1983 $1,715 - - -
1982 $1,663 - - -
1981 $3,012 - - -
1980 $2,571 - - -
1979 $1,962 - - -
1978 $1,465 - - -
1977 $1,297 - - -
1976 $971 - - -
1975 $732 - - -
1974 $1,579 - - -
1973 $1,667 - - -
1972 $1,185 - - -
1971 $1,099 - - -
1970 $941 - - -
1969 $874 - - -
1968 $766 - - -
1967 $764 - - -
1966 $790 - - -
1965 $686 - - -
1964 $686 - - -
1963 $658 - - -
1962 $679 - - -
1961 $594 - - -
1960 $516 - - -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/latvia | CC BY

Chile's GDP per capita is $17,995, ranking 67/197, compared to $26,312 in Latvia, ranking 51/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Chile ranks 63rd at $36,181, while Latvia ranks 53rd at $43,394.

Economic indicators

Chile Latvia
Gross domestic product
$357B
2025
$48.6B
2025
GDP rank
45/197
2025
99/197
2025
GDP growth
2.46%
2024-2025
2.14%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$17,995
2025
$26,312
2025
GDP per capita rank
67/197
2025
51/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$36,181
2024
$43,394
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
63/197
2024
53/197
2024
Government debt
$149B
2025
$22.8B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
41.8%
2025
46.9%
2025
Government debt per person
$7,517
2025
$12,353
2025
Government debt per person rank
68/185
2025
50/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$10,041
2026
$16,702
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$487B
2025
n/a
Number of millionaires
81,274
2024
n/a
Number of billionaires
6
2026
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
34.3%
2024
26.2%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
2.3%
2024
2.6%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
26.4%
2025
45.4%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
4.21%
2024-2025
3.75%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
4.75%
2025
n/a
Unemployment rate
8.89%
2025
6.9%
2025
Population
19992079
1826986

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Chile
Spending

Debt
Latvia
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Chile Latvia
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 26.4% 41.8% 45.4% 46.9%
2024 26.7% 41.7% 44% 46.2%
2023 27.4% 39.4% 42.9% 44.4%
2022 26.7% 37.9% 43.6% 44.4%
2021 33.6% 36.4% 44.6% 45.9%
2020 29.1% 32.4% 42.6% 44%
2019 26.5% 28.3% 39% 37.9%
2018 25.6% 25.8% 39.4% 38.3%
2017 25.5% 23.7% 37.8% 40.3%
2016 25.4% 21.1% 37.4% 41.7%
2015 25% 17.4% 38.7% 38.3%
2014 23.9% 15% 39.2% 43.1%
2013 23.1% 12.8% 38.7% 41.8%
2012 23.1% 11.9% 38.6% 44.4%
2011 22.9% 11.1% 41.2% 46.8%
2010 23.5% 8.61% 43.6% 48.2%
2009 25% 5.84% 43.6% 37.6%
2008 21.8% 4.92% 38.2% 19.3%
2007 19.3% 3.9% 34.8% 9%
2006 18.7% 5.02% 35.5% 10.7%
2005 20.2% 7.04% 35.8% 12.5%
2004 20.8% 10.3% 34.8% 15.3%
2003 22.2% 12.6% 34.4% 15.4%
2002 23.2% 15% 35.4% 15.4%
2001 23.2% 14.3% 35% 17.8%
2000 22.9% 13.1% 37% 15.1%
1999 23.7% 13.3% 40.4% 14.8%
1998 21.9% 12.1% 38.1% 9.81%
1997 20.6% 12.8% - -
1996 20.6% 14.6% - -
1995 19.5% 17.3% - -
1994 20.6% 22.6% - -
1993 21.2% 28.1% - -
1992 20.9% 30.5% - -
1991 21.2% 37.1% - -
1990 21% 50.3% - -
1989 19.8% 51.9% - -
1988 21.3% 71.2% - -
1987 22.9% 81.6% - -
1986 26.6% 88.4% - -
1985 28.5% 79.8% - -
1984 30% 56.6% - -
1983 29.2% 45.5% - -
1982 30.1% 20.3% - -
1981 26.4% 14% - -
1980 23.8% 17.4% - -
1979 24.8% 23.2% - -
1978 29.4% 26% - -
1977 30% 16.5% - -
1976 30% 19.5% - -
1975 33.6% 28.4% - -
1974 32.3% 18.8% - -
1973 30.8% 11.1% - -
1972 35% 10.1% - -
1971 27.2% 20% - -
1970 21.1% 26.3% - -
1969 18.7% 21.5% - -
1968 19.3% 17.9% - -
1967 19.1% 14.9% - -
1966 20.5% 12.6% - -
1965 20.5% 12.6% - -
1964 17.8% 9.6% - -
1963 18.9% 9.23% - -
1962 21.3% 6.99% - -
1961 19.5% 7.97% - -
1960 19.7% 7.02% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1990, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/latvia | CC BY

In 2025, Chile's government spending was $94.2B, accounting for 26.4% of its GDP, while Latvia spent $22.1B, or 45.4% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 41.8% in Chile and 46.9% in Latvia, ranking 126/185 and 112/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Chile

Latvia
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Chile Latvia
2025 -2.78% -4.05%
2024 -2.82% -1.72%
2023 -2.27% -3.36%
2022 1.36% -3.95%
2021 -7.53% -5.71%
2020 -7.1% -3.85%
2019 -2.73% -0.39%
2018 -1.48% -0.77%
2017 -2.63% -0.85%
2016 -2.66% -0.41%
2015 -2.09% -1.57%
2014 -1.5% -1.74%
2013 -0.47% -0.58%
2012 0.68% 0.18%
2011 1.43% -3.38%
2010 -0.36% -6.56%
2009 -4.26% -7.14%
2008 3.93% -3.29%
2007 7.95% 0.63%
2006 7.51% -0.48%
2005 4.57% -1.06%
2004 2.05% -1.04%
2003 -0.42% -1.67%
2002 -1.17% -2.59%
2001 -0.49% -2.03%
2000 -0.69% -2.57%
1999 -2.02% -3.54%
1998 0.39% -0.66%
1997 2.04% -
1996 2.07% -
1995 3.1% -
1994 1.44% -
1993 1.42% -
1992 2.11% -
1991 1.54% -
1990 2.25% -
1989 5.31% -
1988 4.07% -
1987 2.36% -
1986 -0.92% -
1985 -2.22% -
1984 -2.95% -
1983 -2.67% -
1982 -1.02% -
1981 2.56% -
1980 5.41% -
1979 4.82% -
1978 -0.11% -
1977 -1.11% -
1976 -0.48% -
1975 -0.41% -
1974 -5.79% -
1973 -7.32% -
1972 -12.7% -
1971 -7.98% -
1970 -1.22% -
1969 0.6% -
1968 -0.79% -
1967 -0.64% -
1966 -1.88% -
1965 -1.64% -
1964 -2.24% -
1963 -3.29% -
1962 -4.31% -
1961 -2.89% -
1960 -3.14% -
1959 1.56% -
1958 -0.1% -
1957 -0.71% -
1956 -1.3% -
1955 -2.79% -
1954 -2.84% -
1953 -4.05% -
1952 -1.82% -
1951 -0.71% -
1950 -0.92% -
1949 1.71% -
1948 2.56% -
1947 -0.2% -
1946 0.12% -
1945 0.73% -
1944 0.25% -
1943 0.81% -
1942 1.51% -
1941 1.9% -
1940 2.64% -
1939 1.74% -
1938 1.25% -
1937 1.42% -
1936 2.62% -
1935 4.23% -
1934 2.42% -
1933 1.76% -
1932 -0.32% -
1931 -2.73% -
1930 1.47% -
1929 1.89% -
1928 4.11% -
1927 -0.17% -
1926 -3.23% -
1925 2.44% -
1924 3.68% -
1923 2.87% -
1922 -0.23% -
1921 -0.57% -
1920 -1.8% -
1919 -2.53% -
1918 0.71% -
1917 0.49% -
1916 0.98% -
1915 -2.13% -
1914 -2.67% -
1913 -2.23% -
1912 -3.29% -
1911 -3.32% -
1910 -3.17% -
1909 -2.26% -
1908 -0.84% -
1907 -2.39% -
1906 -2.8% -
1905 -1.31% -
1904 -1.6% -
1903 -1.35% -
1902 -3.65% -
1901 -3.93% -
1900 -1.89% -
1899 -0.78% -
1898 -3.84% -
1897 -1.78% -
1896 -5.36% -
1895 -2.31% -
1894 0.82% -
1893 -0.59% -
1892 -1.33% -
1891 -6.72% -
1890 -3.65% -
1889 -2.71% -
1888 -0.58% -
1887 -4% -
1886 -5.17% -
1885 -2.46% -
1884 -3.23% -
1883 -3.57% -
1882 -2.86% -
1881 -1.83% -
1880 -2% -
1879 -4.34% -
1878 -2.27% -
1877 -3.88% -
1876 -3.17% -
1875 -3.73% -
1874 -4.75% -
1873 -1.94% -
1872 -1.78% -
1871 -2.38% -
1870 -1.83% -
1869 -1.07% -
1868 -2.85% -
1867 -4.31% -
1866 -5.72% -
1865 -1.95% -
1864 -1.07% -
1863 -0.26% -
1862 -0.13% -
1861 -0.5% -
1860 -0.07% -
1859 -1.6% -
1858 -1.37% -
1857 -0.3% -
1856 0.11% -
1855 0.1% -
1854 -0.2% -
1853 0.27% -
1852 0.68% -
1851 -0.39% -
1850 0.35% -
1849 0.6% -
1848 -0.25% -
1847 0.04% -
1846 0.36% -
1845 -0.21% -
1844 0.48% -
1843 0.69% -
1842 1.1% -
1841 0.31% -
1840 0.34% -
1839 0.25% -
1838 -0.21% -
1837 -0.05% -
1836 -0.17% -
1835 -0.58% -
1834 -0.39% -
1833 -0.45% -
1832 -0.57% -
1831 -0.77% -
1830 -0.51% -
1829 -0.06% -
1828 -0.3% -
1827 0.07% -
1826 -0.08% -
1825 0.05% -
1824 -0.37% -
1823 0.98% -
1822 1.28% -
1821 -0.19% -
1820 0.64% -
1819 0.16% -
1818 1.52% -
1817 0.94% -
1816 1.21% -
1815 1.53% -
1814 1.91% -
1813 2.34% -
1812 2.79% -
1811 3.24% -
1810 3.64% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/latvia | CC BY

In 2025, Chile's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $9.94B, equivalent to 2.78% of GDP. This compares to Latvia's deficit of $1.97B, or 4.05% of GDP.

Over the past 28 years, Chile recorded a fiscal deficit in 19 of those years, while Latvia ran a deficit in 26 years. On average, Chile posted an annual deficit equal to 0.56% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.29% of GDP for Latvia.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Chile

Latvia
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Chile Latvia
2025 4.21% 3.75%
2024 4.3% 1.27%
2023 7.58% 8.94%
2022 11.6% 17.3%
2021 4.52% 3.28%
2020 3.05% 0.22%
2019 2.56% 2.81%
2018 2.43% 2.53%
2017 2.18% 2.93%
2016 3.79% 0.14%
2015 4.35% 0.17%
2014 4.72% 0.62%
2013 1.79% -0.03%
2012 3.01% 2.26%
2011 3.34% 4.37%
2010 1.41% -1.08%
2009 0.35% 3.53%
2008 8.72% 15.4%
2007 4.41% 10.1%
2006 3.39% 6.54%
2005 3.05% 6.75%
2004 1.05% 6.19%
2003 2.81% 2.94%
2002 2.49% 1.94%
2001 3.57% 2.49%
2000 3.84% 2.65%
1999 3.34% 2.36%
1998 5.11% 4.64%
1997 6.13% 8.45%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/latvia | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Chile has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 3.9%, compared with 4.26% in Latvia. In 2025, inflation was 4.21% in Chile and 3.75% in Latvia.

Top exports between countries

Chile
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $12.8M
Animal & marine products $3.4M
Raw materials & minerals $1.88M
Raw agricultural goods $1.35M
Miscellaneous $193K
Chemicals & pharma $192K
Wood & paper products $130K
Textiles & consumer goods $80K
Machinery & equipment $51K
Metals $7K
Latvia
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $3.35M
Raw materials & minerals $1.4M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1.2M
Chemicals & pharma $655K
Textiles & consumer goods $582K
Animal & marine products $387K
Metals $108K
Raw agricultural goods $81K
Miscellaneous $9K
Precious metals & jewellery $9K

Balance of trade

Chile Latvia
Current account balance
-$4.35B
2025
-$1.64B
2025
Current account balance ranking
161/190
2025
133/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.22%
2025
-3.38%
2025
Goods imports
$86.5B
2025
$25.6B
2025
Goods exports
$110B
2025
$21.1B
2025
Service imports
$21.9B
2025
$7.07B
2025
Service exports
$13B
2025
$9.33B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
30.4%
2025
67.2%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
34.6%
2025
62.6%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Chile Latvia
Economic freedom 74.3 71.6
Economic freedom ranking 20/197 31/197
Property rights 69.7 88.8
Government integrity 67.8 67.7
Judicial effectiveness 90.3 70.9
Tax burden 72.5 70.9
Government spending 78.2 42.7
Fiscal health 94.1 80.8
Business freedom 78.5 80.7
Labor freedom 56.8 60.5
Monetary freedom 75.1 76.3
Trade freedom 78 79.4
Investment freedom 60 80
Financial freedom 70 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Chile
Latvia
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Chile Latvia
2026 74.3 71.6
2025 73.2 71.4
2024 71.4 71.5
2023 71.1 72.8
2022 74.4 74.8
2021 75.2 72.3
2020 76.8 71.9
2019 75.4 70.4
2018 75.2 73.6
2017 76.5 74.8
2016 77.7 70.4
2015 78.5 69.7
2014 78.7 68.7
2013 79 66.5
2012 78.3 65.2
2011 77.4 65.8
2010 77.2 66.2
2009 78.3 66.6
2008 78.6 68.3
2007 77.7 67.9
2006 78 66.9
2005 77.8 66.3
2004 76.9 67.4
2003 76 66
2002 77.8 65
2001 75.1 66.4
2000 74.7 63.4
1999 74.1 64.2
1998 74.9 63.4
1997 75.9 62.4
1996 72.6 55
1995 71.2 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/latvia | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Chile is 74.3, ranking 20/197, compared to 71.6 for Latvia, ranking 31/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Chile Latvia
Services, % of GDP
55.5%
2025
64.2%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
31.4%
2025
18.7%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
3.45%
2025
4.01%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$337B
2025
$46.1B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$35,730
2025
$45,740
2025
Total reserves including gold
$49.4B
2025
$6.1B
2025
Total reserves ranking
48/177
2025
95/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$5.83B
2025
$72.5M
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$13.1B
2024
$1.51B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$4.04B
2024
$257M
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
6.5%
2022
22.5%
2022
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
24.1%
2025
24.1%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/latvia | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1990, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2020–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.