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Economy of Chile vs Mali compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Chile has a GDP of $357B compared to $30.1B for Mali, ranking 45/197 and 114/197 by economy size, respectively.

Chile has $149B in government debt (41.8% of GDP), compared to $12.6B (41.9% of GDP) in Mali.

Chile vs Mali GDP by year

Chile
Mali
1x
Year GDP, current $
Chile Mali
2025 $357,371,159,575 $30,069,148,581
2024 $329,260,633,699 $26,761,281,077
2023 $335,802,745,366 $24,777,941,861
2022 $301,099,244,104 $22,539,987,719
2021 $315,507,493,783 $22,999,245,263
2020 $254,103,710,483 $20,698,560,939
2019 $278,308,438,545 $20,477,421,885
2018 $295,857,562,992 $20,368,015,381
2017 $276,154,259,981 $18,308,362,040
2016 $249,344,863,928 $16,743,796,800
2015 $242,450,355,831 $15,583,181,170
2014 $259,560,978,224 $17,081,681,993
2013 $277,395,018,842 $15,747,192,681
2012 $267,024,782,487 $14,795,114,603
2011 $251,382,573,894 $15,452,791,789
2010 $217,051,209,239 $12,710,739,160
2009 $171,777,900,624 $12,155,217,833
2008 $179,894,594,475 $11,462,490,840
2007 $172,491,076,034 $9,699,047,443
2006 $153,843,518,171 $8,212,007,554
2005 $122,294,145,163 $7,429,066,952
2004 $99,075,985,774 $6,485,774,930
2003 $76,492,579,644 $5,605,613,011
2002 $70,264,045,939 $4,647,238,257
2001 $71,574,739,561 $4,124,281,594
2000 $78,339,750,721 $3,521,570,876
1999 $75,578,685,736 $4,091,446,054
1998 $81,990,010,704 $3,894,433,432
1997 $85,741,415,285 $3,414,879,486
1996 $78,584,098,984 $3,743,103,420
1995 $73,820,425,702 $3,373,322,735
1994 $57,438,273,591 $2,655,768,636
1993 $49,934,943,321 $3,632,801,877
1992 $46,538,895,686 $3,680,775,037
1991 $38,232,330,917 $3,576,562,682
1990 $33,428,580,448 $3,248,417,791
1989 $30,101,767,991 $2,824,822,489
1988 $26,174,858,614 $2,712,207,901
1987 $22,605,488,851 $2,437,004,680
1986 $19,197,818,085 $2,132,938,007
1985 $17,933,557,360 $1,594,347,021
1984 $19,974,595,028 $1,387,809,615
1983 $20,629,678,694 $1,496,616,127
1982 $19,710,229,067 $1,680,304,773
1981 $35,180,322,211 $2,234,583,940
1980 $29,586,676,576 $2,704,362,789
1979 $22,249,574,628 $1,595,422,956
1978 $16,373,093,554 $1,222,702,573
1977 $14,272,711,437 $1,049,838,548
1976 $10,523,479,089 $939,228,017
1975 $7,812,161,793 $830,710,615
1974 $16,584,311,220 $538,747,340
1973 $17,237,336,173 $563,683,703
1972 $12,057,501,635 $486,617,280
1971 $10,999,807,567 $395,218,629
1970 $9,261,006,540 $359,772,315
1969 $8,456,519,044 $339,913,867
1968 $7,286,820,526 $343,771,973
1967 $7,145,068,068 $275,494,478
1966 $7,256,882,086 -
1965 $6,183,988,944 -
1964 $6,065,708,668 -
1963 $5,702,520,146 -
1962 $5,765,971,144 -
1961 $4,948,564,551 -
1960 $4,211,103,677 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/mali | CC BY

GDP per capita in Chile vs Mali by year

Chile
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Mali
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Chile Mali
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $17,995 - $1,193 -
2024 $16,659 $36,181 $1,093 $3,315
2023 $17,082 $33,145 $1,042 $3,175
2022 $15,399 $30,932 $977 $3,014
2021 $16,216 $29,090 $1,027 $2,796
2020 $13,118 $25,351 $953 $2,724
2019 $14,497 $25,612 $972 $2,820
2018 $15,659 $25,305 $996 $2,684
2017 $14,880 $24,295 $924 $2,607
2016 $13,650 $23,257 $872 $2,532
2015 $13,434 $22,468 $838 $2,330
2014 $14,530 $22,554 $948 $2,185
2013 $15,684 $22,201 $902 $2,059
2012 $15,242 $21,366 $873 $1,990
2011 $14,487 $20,122 $938 $2,046
2010 $12,633 $17,918 $797 $2,012
2009 $10,099 $15,951 $787 $1,945
2008 $10,683 $16,376 $767 $1,893
2007 $10,346 $16,698 $671 $1,852
2006 $9,319 $15,511 $587 $1,832
2005 $7,480 $12,550 $549 $1,771
2004 $6,121 $11,612 $495 $1,730
2003 $4,773 $10,708 $442 $1,715
2002 $4,431 $10,133 $378 $1,581
2001 $4,564 $9,776 $346 $1,559
2000 $5,053 $9,376 $305 $1,357
1999 $4,934 $8,839 $364 $1,376
1998 $5,420 $8,850 $357 $1,332
1997 $5,742 $8,510 $321 $1,267
1996 $5,334 $7,895 $360 $1,224
1995 $5,081 $7,232 $331 $1,154
1994 $4,012 $6,476 $266.5 $1,147
1993 $3,541 $6,061 $372 $1,087
1992 $3,352 $5,563 $385 $1,039
1991 $2,798 $4,886 $382 $1,091
1990 $2,488 $4,444 $354 $956
1989 $2,278 - $314 -
1988 $2,014 - $307 -
1987 $1,767 - $280.7 -
1986 $1,525 - $250 -
1985 $1,447 - $190.4 -
1984 $1,636 - $169.1 -
1983 $1,715 - $186.3 -
1982 $1,663 - $213.8 -
1981 $3,012 - $290.5 -
1980 $2,571 - $359 -
1979 $1,962 - $216.3 -
1978 $1,465 - $169.1 -
1977 $1,297 - $148.1 -
1976 $971 - $134.9 -
1975 $732 - $121.5 -
1974 $1,579 - $80.2 -
1973 $1,667 - $85.4 -
1972 $1,185 - $75.1 -
1971 $1,099 - $62 -
1970 $941 - $57.3 -
1969 $874 - $55 -
1968 $766 - $56.5 -
1967 $764 - $46 -
1966 $790 - - -
1965 $686 - - -
1964 $686 - - -
1963 $658 - - -
1962 $679 - - -
1961 $594 - - -
1960 $516 - - -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/mali | CC BY

Chile's GDP per capita is $17,995, ranking 67/197, compared to $1,193 in Mali, ranking 174/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Chile ranks 63rd at $36,181, while Mali ranks 174th at $3,315.

Economic indicators

Chile Mali
Gross domestic product
$357B
2025
$30.1B
2025
GDP rank
45/197
2025
114/197
2025
GDP growth
2.46%
2024-2025
5.6%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$17,995
2025
$1,193
2025
GDP per capita rank
67/197
2025
174/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$36,181
2024
$3,315
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
63/197
2024
174/197
2024
Government debt
$149B
2025
$12.6B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
41.8%
2025
41.9%
2025
Government debt per person
$7,517
2025
$500
2025
Government debt per person rank
68/185
2025
168/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$10,041
2026
$1,949
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$487B
2025
n/a
Number of millionaires
81,274
2024
n/a
Number of billionaires
6
2026
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
34.3%
2024
28.3%
2021
Income share by poorest 10%
2.3%
2024
3.2%
2021
Government expenditure, % of GDP
26.4%
2025
20.9%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
4.21%
2024-2025
2.3%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
4.75%
2025
n/a
Unemployment rate
8.89%
2025
4.5%
2024
Population
19992079
26322576

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Chile
Spending

Debt
Mali
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Chile Mali
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 26.4% 41.8% 20.9% 41.9%
2024 26.7% 41.7% 21% 44%
2023 27.4% 39.4% 21.2% 44.3%
2022 26.7% 37.9% 20.8% 42.9%
2021 33.6% 36.4% 22.5% 43.2%
2020 29.1% 32.4% 22% 39.8%
2019 26.5% 28.3% 19.5% 34.3%
2018 25.6% 25.8% 17% 31.4%
2017 25.5% 23.7% 19.2% 30.1%
2016 25.4% 21.1% 18.6% 30.1%
2015 25% 17.4% 17.6% 25.8%
2014 23.9% 15% 16.8% 22.6%
2013 23.1% 12.8% 16.6% 22.2%
2012 23.1% 11.9% 13.1% 21.3%
2011 22.9% 11.1% 17.3% 20.1%
2010 23.5% 8.61% 17.4% 21.8%
2009 25% 5.84% 19.6% 18.8%
2008 21.8% 4.92% 16.2% 17.3%
2007 19.3% 3.9% 18.1% 15.6%
2006 18.7% 5.02% 18.9% 15.4%
2005 20.2% 7.04% 18.3% 39.5%
2004 20.8% 10.3% 18.5% 36.1%
2003 22.2% 12.6% 17.8% 37.7%
2002 23.2% 15% 16.8% 36%
2001 23.2% 14.3% 15.7% 66.3%
2000 22.9% 13.1% 16.5% 77%
1999 23.7% 13.3% - -
1998 21.9% 12.1% - -
1997 20.6% 12.8% - -
1996 20.6% 14.6% - -
1995 19.5% 17.3% - -
1994 20.6% 22.6% - -
1993 21.2% 28.1% - -
1992 20.9% 30.5% - -
1991 21.2% 37.1% - -
1990 21% 50.3% - -
1989 19.8% 51.9% - -
1988 21.3% 71.2% - -
1987 22.9% 81.6% - -
1986 26.6% 88.4% - -
1985 28.5% 79.8% - -
1984 30% 56.6% - -
1983 29.2% 45.5% - -
1982 30.1% 20.3% - -
1981 26.4% 14% - -
1980 23.8% 17.4% - -
1979 24.8% 23.2% - -
1978 29.4% 26% - -
1977 30% 16.5% - -
1976 30% 19.5% - -
1975 33.6% 28.4% - -
1974 32.3% 18.8% - -
1973 30.8% 11.1% - -
1972 35% 10.1% - -
1971 27.2% 20% - -
1970 21.1% 26.3% - -
1969 18.7% 21.5% - -
1968 19.3% 17.9% - -
1967 19.1% 14.9% - -
1966 20.5% 12.6% - -
1965 20.5% 12.6% - -
1964 17.8% 9.6% - -
1963 18.9% 9.23% - -
1962 21.3% 6.99% - -
1961 19.5% 7.97% - -
1960 19.7% 7.02% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1990, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/mali | CC BY

In 2025, Chile's government spending was $94.2B, accounting for 26.4% of its GDP, while Mali spent $6.29B, or 20.9% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 41.8% in Chile and 41.9% in Mali, ranking 126/185 and 125/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Chile

Mali
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Chile Mali
2025 -2.78% -1.59%
2024 -2.82% -2.16%
2023 -2.27% -3.05%
2022 1.36% -4.05%
2021 -7.53% -4.12%
2020 -7.1% -4.56%
2019 -2.73% -1.42%
2018 -1.48% -3.97%
2017 -2.63% -2.4%
2016 -2.66% -3.3%
2015 -2.09% -1.53%
2014 -1.5% -2.43%
2013 -0.47% -1.99%
2012 0.68% -0.8%
2011 1.43% -2.87%
2010 -0.36% -2.21%
2009 -4.26% -3.19%
2008 3.93% -1.69%
2007 7.95% -2.35%
2006 7.51% 23.7%
2005 4.57% -2.34%
2004 2.05% -2.01%
2003 -0.42% -1.01%
2002 -1.17% -2.61%
2001 -0.49% -2.39%
2000 -0.69% -2.25%
1999 -2.02% -
1998 0.39% -
1997 2.04% -
1996 2.07% -
1995 3.1% -
1994 1.44% -
1993 1.42% -
1992 2.11% -
1991 1.54% -
1990 2.25% -
1989 5.31% -
1988 4.07% -
1987 2.36% -
1986 -0.92% -
1985 -2.22% -
1984 -2.95% -
1983 -2.67% -
1982 -1.02% -
1981 2.56% -
1980 5.41% -
1979 4.82% -
1978 -0.11% -
1977 -1.11% -
1976 -0.48% -
1975 -0.41% -
1974 -5.79% -
1973 -7.32% -
1972 -12.7% -
1971 -7.98% -
1970 -1.22% -
1969 0.6% -
1968 -0.79% -
1967 -0.64% -
1966 -1.88% -
1965 -1.64% -
1964 -2.24% -
1963 -3.29% -
1962 -4.31% -
1961 -2.89% -
1960 -3.14% -
1959 1.56% -
1958 -0.1% -
1957 -0.71% -
1956 -1.3% -
1955 -2.79% -
1954 -2.84% -
1953 -4.05% -
1952 -1.82% -
1951 -0.71% -
1950 -0.92% -
1949 1.71% -
1948 2.56% -
1947 -0.2% -
1946 0.12% -
1945 0.73% -
1944 0.25% -
1943 0.81% -
1942 1.51% -
1941 1.9% -
1940 2.64% -
1939 1.74% -
1938 1.25% -
1937 1.42% -
1936 2.62% -
1935 4.23% -
1934 2.42% -
1933 1.76% -
1932 -0.32% -
1931 -2.73% -
1930 1.47% -
1929 1.89% -
1928 4.11% -
1927 -0.17% -
1926 -3.23% -
1925 2.44% -
1924 3.68% -
1923 2.87% -
1922 -0.23% -
1921 -0.57% -
1920 -1.8% -
1919 -2.53% -
1918 0.71% -
1917 0.49% -
1916 0.98% -
1915 -2.13% -
1914 -2.67% -
1913 -2.23% -
1912 -3.29% -
1911 -3.32% -
1910 -3.17% -
1909 -2.26% -
1908 -0.84% -
1907 -2.39% -
1906 -2.8% -
1905 -1.31% -
1904 -1.6% -
1903 -1.35% -
1902 -3.65% -
1901 -3.93% -
1900 -1.89% -
1899 -0.78% -
1898 -3.84% -
1897 -1.78% -
1896 -5.36% -
1895 -2.31% -
1894 0.82% -
1893 -0.59% -
1892 -1.33% -
1891 -6.72% -
1890 -3.65% -
1889 -2.71% -
1888 -0.58% -
1887 -4% -
1886 -5.17% -
1885 -2.46% -
1884 -3.23% -
1883 -3.57% -
1882 -2.86% -
1881 -1.83% -
1880 -2% -
1879 -4.34% -
1878 -2.27% -
1877 -3.88% -
1876 -3.17% -
1875 -3.73% -
1874 -4.75% -
1873 -1.94% -
1872 -1.78% -
1871 -2.38% -
1870 -1.83% -
1869 -1.07% -
1868 -2.85% -
1867 -4.31% -
1866 -5.72% -
1865 -1.95% -
1864 -1.07% -
1863 -0.26% -
1862 -0.13% -
1861 -0.5% -
1860 -0.07% -
1859 -1.6% -
1858 -1.37% -
1857 -0.3% -
1856 0.11% -
1855 0.1% -
1854 -0.2% -
1853 0.27% -
1852 0.68% -
1851 -0.39% -
1850 0.35% -
1849 0.6% -
1848 -0.25% -
1847 0.04% -
1846 0.36% -
1845 -0.21% -
1844 0.48% -
1843 0.69% -
1842 1.1% -
1841 0.31% -
1840 0.34% -
1839 0.25% -
1838 -0.21% -
1837 -0.05% -
1836 -0.17% -
1835 -0.58% -
1834 -0.39% -
1833 -0.45% -
1832 -0.57% -
1831 -0.77% -
1830 -0.51% -
1829 -0.06% -
1828 -0.3% -
1827 0.07% -
1826 -0.08% -
1825 0.05% -
1824 -0.37% -
1823 0.98% -
1822 1.28% -
1821 -0.19% -
1820 0.64% -
1819 0.16% -
1818 1.52% -
1817 0.94% -
1816 1.21% -
1815 1.53% -
1814 1.91% -
1813 2.34% -
1812 2.79% -
1811 3.24% -
1810 3.64% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/mali | CC BY

In 2025, Chile's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $9.94B, equivalent to 2.78% of GDP. This compares to Mali's deficit of $478M, or 1.59% of GDP.

Over the past 26 years, Chile recorded a fiscal deficit in 18 of those years, while Mali ran a deficit in 25 years. On average, Chile posted an annual deficit equal to 0.54% of GDP, compared to deficit of 1.48% of GDP for Mali.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Chile

Mali
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Chile Mali
2025 4.21% 2.3%
2024 4.3% 3.2%
2023 7.58% 2.1%
2022 11.6% 9.7%
2021 4.52% 3.8%
2020 3.05% 0.5%
2019 2.56% -3%
2018 2.43% 1.9%
2017 2.18% 2.4%
2016 3.79% -1.8%
2015 4.35% 1.4%
2014 4.72% 0.9%
2013 1.79% -0.6%
2012 3.01% 5.3%
2011 3.34% 3%
2010 1.41% 1.2%
2009 0.35% 2.4%
2008 8.72% 9.2%
2007 4.41% 1.4%
2006 3.39% 1.6%
2005 3.05% 6.4%
2004 1.05% -3.1%
2003 2.81% -1.3%
2002 2.49% 5%
2001 3.57% 5.2%
2000 3.84% -0.8%
1999 3.34% -1.2%
1998 5.11% 4.1%
1997 6.13% -0.7%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/mali | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Chile has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 3.9%, compared with 2.09% in Mali. In 2025, inflation was 4.21% in Chile and 2.3% in Mali.

Top exports between countries

Chile
Export category Export value
Animal & marine products $254K
Machinery & equipment $103K
Textiles & consumer goods $28K
Raw materials & minerals $12K
Chemicals & pharma $9K
Metals $3K
Miscellaneous $2K
Mali
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $150K

Balance of trade

Chile Mali
Current account balance
-$4.35B
2025
-$1.16B
2024
Current account balance ranking
161/190
2025
122/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.22%
2025
-4.33%
2024
Goods imports
$86.5B
2025
$5.49B
2024
Goods exports
$110B
2025
$5.48B
2024
Service imports
$21.9B
2025
$1.8B
2024
Service exports
$13B
2025
$516M
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
30.4%
2025
26.7%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
34.6%
2025
22.1%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Chile Mali
Economic freedom 74.3 52.1
Economic freedom ranking 20/197 150/197
Property rights 69.7 13.8
Government integrity 67.8 23.2
Judicial effectiveness 90.3 23.3
Tax burden 72.5 67.9
Government spending 78.2 81.8
Fiscal health 94.1 73.6
Business freedom 78.5 40.8
Labor freedom 56.8 54.1
Monetary freedom 75.1 78.2
Trade freedom 78 64
Investment freedom 60 65
Financial freedom 70 40

Economic freedom comparison by year

Chile
Mali
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Chile Mali
2026 74.3 52.1
2025 73.2 52.6
2024 71.4 52.5
2023 71.1 54.5
2022 74.4 55.9
2021 75.2 55.6
2020 76.8 55.9
2019 75.4 58.1
2018 75.2 57.6
2017 76.5 58.6
2016 77.7 56.5
2015 78.5 56.4
2014 78.7 55.5
2013 79 56.4
2012 78.3 55.8
2011 77.4 56.3
2010 77.2 55.6
2009 78.3 55.6
2008 78.6 55.6
2007 77.7 54.7
2006 78 54.1
2005 77.8 57.3
2004 76.9 56.6
2003 76 58.6
2002 77.8 61.1
2001 75.1 60.1
2000 74.7 60.3
1999 74.1 58.4
1998 74.9 57.3
1997 75.9 56.4
1996 72.6 57
1995 71.2 52.4

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/mali | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Chile is 74.3, ranking 20/197, compared to 52.1 for Mali, ranking 150/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Chile Mali
Services, % of GDP
55.5%
2025
36.6%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
31.4%
2025
23.4%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
3.45%
2025
33%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$337B
2025
$28.3B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$35,730
2025
$3,400
2025
Total reserves including gold
$49.4B
2025
n/a
Total reserves ranking
48/177
2025
n/a
Net foreign direct investment
-$5.83B
2025
-$843M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$13.1B
2024
$921M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$4.04B
2024
$78.1M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
1.42%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
6.5%
2022
43.3%
2024
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
24.1%
2025
20%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/mali | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1990, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2023–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.