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Economy of Chile vs Mali compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Chile has a GDP of $330B compared to $26.6B for Mali, ranking 46/197 and 113/197 by economy size, respectively.

Chile has $139B in government debt (43% of GDP), compared to $13.8B (51.7% of GDP) in Mali.

The chart below compares the two countries' GDP growth in both current (nominal) and constant dollars, accounting for inflation over time.

Chile
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Mali
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Year GDP
Chile Mali
Current $ Constant $ Current $ Constant $
1960 $4,211,103,677 $26,275,664,125 - -
1961 $4,948,564,551 $27,725,978,495 - -
1962 $5,765,971,144 $28,815,827,040 - -
1963 $5,702,520,146 $30,454,488,579 - -
1964 $6,065,708,668 $31,204,014,437 - -
1965 $6,183,988,944 $31,413,343,022 - -
1966 $7,256,882,086 $35,014,387,052 - -
1967 $7,145,068,068 $36,270,742,032 $275,494,478 $2,208,088,440
1968 $7,286,820,526 $37,566,955,711 $343,771,973 $2,289,973,417
1969 $8,456,519,044 $39,108,395,437 $339,913,867 $2,295,263,242
1970 $9,261,006,540 $39,771,076,474 $359,772,315 $2,436,122,511
1971 $10,999,807,567 $43,577,595,610 $395,218,629 $2,498,706,401
1972 $12,057,501,635 $43,267,163,670 $486,617,280 $2,644,731,214
1973 $17,237,336,173 $41,087,469,486 $563,683,703 $2,606,247,312
1974 $16,584,311,220 $41,600,890,292 $538,747,340 $2,566,402,323
1975 $7,812,161,793 $36,494,895,964 $830,710,615 $2,864,747,854
1976 $10,523,479,089 $37,810,425,598 $939,228,017 $3,255,025,017
1977 $14,272,711,437 $42,025,983,482 $1,049,838,548 $3,461,675,072
1978 $16,373,093,554 $45,399,335,594 $1,222,702,573 $3,411,014,276
1979 $22,249,574,628 $49,229,142,624 $1,595,422,956 $3,765,612,310
1980 $29,586,676,576 $53,252,287,646 $1,759,691,186 $3,602,717,952
1981 $35,180,322,211 $56,830,116,589 $1,538,972,424 $3,657,075,915
1982 $19,710,229,067 $50,293,481,314 $1,333,754,225 $3,387,241,017
1983 $20,629,678,694 $47,811,382,483 $1,297,765,326 $3,448,918,400
1984 $19,974,595,028 $49,716,049,397 $1,232,932,104 $3,439,019,620
1985 $17,933,557,360 $51,482,161,644 $1,392,196,048 $4,136,680,975
1986 $19,197,818,085 $54,265,063,039 $1,852,163,453 $4,248,066,111
1987 $22,605,488,851 $57,921,900,186 $2,090,629,987 $4,242,154,320
1988 $26,174,858,614 $62,179,629,421 $2,169,040,603 $4,555,637,691
1989 $30,101,767,991 $68,620,417,336 $2,181,821,909 $4,745,944,358
1990 $33,428,580,448 $71,089,876,110 $2,681,912,149 $4,627,182,079
1991 $38,232,330,917 $76,603,750,426 $2,724,131,458 $5,170,654,044
1992 $46,538,895,686 $85,414,661,278 $2,830,673,378 $5,004,228,141
1993 $49,934,943,321 $91,125,130,549 $2,818,281,085 $5,162,970,674
1994 $57,438,273,591 $95,751,374,591 $2,081,846,498 $5,358,127,561
1995 $73,820,425,702 $104,613,573,720 $2,706,425,157 $5,407,477,116
1996 $78,584,098,984 $112,056,685,780 $2,780,422,049 $5,789,017,097
1997 $85,741,415,285 $120,339,623,826 $2,697,105,823 $6,068,570,141
1998 $81,990,010,704 $125,370,887,065 $2,920,358,711 $6,528,062,103
1999 $75,578,685,736 $125,027,832,954 $3,440,724,710 $6,900,223,245
2000 $78,339,750,721 $131,243,743,563 $2,961,484,954 $6,896,025,496
2001 $71,574,739,561 $135,383,217,072 $3,468,337,942 $7,956,374,890
2002 $70,264,045,939 $139,719,269,577 $3,908,121,307 $8,203,524,419
2003 $76,492,579,644 $146,318,553,367 $4,714,071,980 $8,951,607,256
2004 $99,075,985,774 $156,084,225,514 $7,113,132,070 $9,091,252,209
2005 $122,294,145,163 $165,194,933,118 $8,009,875,052 $9,773,522,017
2006 $153,843,518,171 $175,189,211,416 $8,858,863,053 $10,423,877,693
2007 $172,491,076,034 $184,243,394,523 $10,289,243,720 $10,827,805,889
2008 $179,894,594,475 $191,225,100,461 $12,262,134,441 $11,535,657,885
2009 $171,777,900,624 $189,087,132,633 $12,592,138,109 $12,070,163,730
2010 $217,051,209,239 $200,151,851,762 $13,196,527,458 $12,905,626,894
2011 $251,382,573,894 $212,609,096,429 $15,506,843,902 $13,424,321,494
2012 $267,024,782,487 $225,695,909,225 $14,891,957,623 $13,347,723,848
2013 $277,395,018,842 $233,163,076,995 $15,769,357,573 $13,665,683,442
2014 $259,560,978,224 $237,342,873,662 $16,943,434,591 $14,704,621,766
2015 $242,450,355,831 $242,450,355,831 $15,583,181,170 $15,583,181,170
2016 $249,344,863,928 $246,700,604,516 $16,743,796,800 $16,518,961,030
2017 $276,154,259,981 $250,050,047,210 $18,308,362,040 $17,406,945,660
2018 $295,857,562,992 $260,027,117,803 $20,368,015,381 $18,254,289,664
2019 $278,285,058,719 $261,676,645,417 $20,477,421,885 $19,167,003,986
2020 $254,042,159,309 $245,600,606,669 $20,698,560,939 $18,942,927,332
2021 $315,325,547,162 $273,390,120,031 $22,999,245,263 $19,530,336,379
2022 $301,226,575,540 $279,278,925,616 $22,374,051,350 $20,215,515,809
2023 $335,518,054,098 $280,734,996,501 $24,621,545,565 $21,169,114,244
2024 $330,267,137,372 $288,158,504,435 $26,588,067,731 $22,228,532,291

Economic indicators

Chile Mali
Gross domestic product
$330B
2024
$26.6B
2024
GDP rank
46/197
2024
113/197
2024
GDP growth
-1.57%
2023-2024
7.99%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$16,710
2024
$1,086
2024
GDP per capita rank
65/197
2024
171/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$34,637
2024
$3,309
2024
Government debt
$139B
2024
$13.8B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
43%
2025
51.7%
2025
Government debt per person
$7,015
2024
$563
2024
Government debt per person rank
69/185
2024
161/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$9,593
2025
$1,598
2025
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$262B
2024
n/a
Number of millionaires
81,274
2024
n/a
Number of billionaires
6
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
34.5%
2022
28.3%
2021
Income share by poorest 10%
2.3%
2022
3.2%
2021
Government expenditure, % of GDP
26.6%
2025
26.2%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
4.3%
2023-2024
3.5%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
4.75%
2025
n/a
Unemployment rate
8.76%
2024
2.39%
2022
Population
19928941
25787988

GDP per capita in Chile vs Mali

Chile's GDP per capita is $16,710, ranking 65/197, compared to $1,086 in Mali, ranking 171/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Chile ranks 64th at $34,637, while Mali ranks 173rd at $3,309.

Chile
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Mali
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Year Current $
Chile Mali
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
1960 $516 - - -
1961 $594 - - -
1962 $679 - - -
1963 $658 - - -
1964 $686 - - -
1965 $686 - - -
1966 $790 - - -
1967 $764 - $46 -
1968 $766 - $56.5 -
1969 $874 - $55 -
1970 $941 - $57.3 -
1971 $1,099 - $62 -
1972 $1,185 - $75.1 -
1973 $1,667 - $85.4 -
1974 $1,579 - $80.2 -
1975 $732 - $121.5 -
1976 $971 - $134.9 -
1977 $1,297 - $148.1 -
1978 $1,465 - $169.1 -
1979 $1,962 - $216.3 -
1980 $2,571 - $233.7 -
1981 $3,012 - $200.1 -
1982 $1,663 - $169.7 -
1983 $1,715 - $161.5 -
1984 $1,636 - $150.2 -
1985 $1,447 - $166.2 -
1986 $1,525 - $217.1 -
1987 $1,767 - $240.8 -
1988 $2,014 - $245.5 -
1989 $2,278 - $242.4 -
1990 $2,488 $4,445 $292.2 $823
1991 $2,798 $4,886 $290.9 $932
1992 $3,352 $5,563 $296.3 $904
1993 $3,541 $6,061 $288.9 $936
1994 $4,012 $6,476 $208.9 $971
1995 $5,081 $7,232 $265.7 $979
1996 $5,334 $7,895 $267.2 $1,044
1997 $5,742 $8,511 $253.3 $1,088
1998 $5,420 $8,850 $267.4 $1,154
1999 $4,934 $8,839 $306 $1,203
2000 $5,053 $9,376 $256.2 $1,195
2001 $4,564 $9,776 $291.2 $1,368
2002 $4,431 $10,133 $318 $1,388
2003 $4,773 $10,709 $372 $1,496
2004 $6,121 $11,612 $543 $1,511
2005 $7,480 $12,550 $592 $1,621
2006 $9,319 $15,511 $633 $1,725
2007 $10,346 $16,698 $712 $1,781
2008 $10,683 $16,376 $821 $1,871
2009 $10,099 $15,951 $816 $1,907
2010 $12,633 $17,918 $828 $1,998
2011 $14,487 $20,122 $942 $2,053
2012 $15,242 $21,366 $878 $2,003
2013 $15,684 $22,201 $903 $2,062
2014 $14,530 $22,554 $940 $2,167
2015 $13,434 $22,458 $838 $2,330
2016 $13,650 $23,257 $872 $2,532
2017 $14,880 $24,295 $924 $2,607
2018 $15,659 $25,305 $996 $2,684
2019 $14,496 $25,612 $972 $2,820
2020 $13,115 $25,351 $953 $2,724
2021 $16,207 $29,090 $1,027 $2,796
2022 $15,406 $30,820 $970 $3,009
2023 $17,067 $32,801 $1,036 $3,168
2024 $16,710 $34,637 $1,086 $3,309

Spending and national debt comparison

In 2024, Chile's government spending was $87.5B, accounting for 26.6% of its GDP, while Mali's spent $6.56B, or 26.2% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 43% in Chile and 51.7% in Mali, ranking 126/185 and 106/185, respectively.

Chile
Government spending

Government debt
Mali
Government spending

Government debt
Year % of GDP
Chile Mali
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
1960 19.7% 7.02% - -
1961 19.5% 7.97% - -
1962 21.3% 6.99% - -
1963 18.9% 9.23% - -
1964 17.8% 9.6% - -
1965 20.5% 12.6% - -
1966 20.5% 12.6% - -
1967 19.1% 14.9% - -
1968 19.3% 17.9% - -
1969 18.7% 21.5% - -
1970 21.1% 26.3% - -
1971 27.2% 20% - -
1972 35% 10.1% - -
1973 30.8% 11.1% - -
1974 32.3% 18.8% - -
1975 33.6% 28.4% - -
1976 30% 19.5% - -
1977 30% 16.5% - -
1978 29.4% 26% - -
1979 24.8% 23.2% - -
1980 23.8% 17.4% - -
1981 26.4% 14% - -
1982 30.1% 20.3% - -
1983 29.2% 45.5% - -
1984 30% 56.6% - -
1985 28.5% 79.8% - -
1986 26.6% 88.4% - -
1987 22.9% 81.6% - -
1988 21.3% 71.2% - -
1989 19.8% 51.9% - -
1990 20.9% 50.3% - -
1991 21.2% 37% - -
1992 20.8% 30.3% - -
1993 21.1% 28% - -
1994 20.6% 22.6% - -
1995 19.4% 17.2% - -
1996 20.6% 14.6% - -
1997 20.6% 12.8% - -
1998 21.9% 12.1% - -
1999 23.7% 13.3% - -
2000 22.9% 13.1% 19.4% 90.5%
2001 23.2% 14.3% 18.3% 77.5%
2002 23.2% 15% 19.9% 42.6%
2003 22.2% 12.6% 20.8% 44.1%
2004 20.8% 10.3% 21.8% 42.4%
2005 20.2% 7.04% 21.6% 46.6%
2006 18.7% 5.02% 22.1% 18.1%
2007 19.3% 3.9% 21.5% 18.5%
2008 21.8% 4.92% 18.8% 20.1%
2009 25% 5.84% 22.8% 21.9%
2010 23.5% 8.61% 20.3% 25.3%
2011 22.9% 11.1% 20.6% 24%
2012 23.1% 11.9% 15.5% 25.4%
2013 23.1% 12.8% 19.8% 26.4%
2014 23.9% 15% 20% 26.9%
2015 25% 17.4% 20.9% 30.7%
2016 25.4% 21.1% 22.3% 37.2%
2017 25.5% 23.7% 22.9% 38.2%
2018 25.6% 25.8% 20.3% 37.5%
2019 26.5% 28.3% 23.1% 40.7%
2020 29.1% 32.4% 26.1% 47.3%
2021 33.6% 36.4% 26.9% 51.6%
2022 26.7% 37.9% 24.4% 50.3%
2023 27.4% 39.4% 24.8% 51.9%
2024 26.5% 42% 24.7% 51.8%
2025 26.6% 43% 26.2% 51.7%

Government deficit by year

In 2024, Chile's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was -$9.05B, equivalent to -2.74% of GDP. This compares to Mali's deficit of -$679M, or -2.55% of GDP.

Over the past 25 years, Chile recorded a fiscal deficit in 17 of those years, while Mali ran a deficit in 24 years. On average, Chile posted an annual deficit equal to -0.44% of GDP, compared to deficit of -1.76% of GDP for Mali.

Deficit/surplus
Chile

Mali
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Chile Mali
1810 3.64% -
1811 3.24% -
1812 2.79% -
1813 2.34% -
1814 1.91% -
1815 1.53% -
1816 1.21% -
1817 0.94% -
1818 1.52% -
1819 0.16% -
1820 0.64% -
1821 -0.19% -
1822 1.28% -
1823 0.98% -
1824 -0.37% -
1825 0.05% -
1826 -0.08% -
1827 0.07% -
1828 -0.3% -
1829 -0.06% -
1830 -0.51% -
1831 -0.77% -
1832 -0.57% -
1833 -0.45% -
1834 -0.39% -
1835 -0.58% -
1836 -0.17% -
1837 -0.05% -
1838 -0.21% -
1839 0.25% -
1840 0.34% -
1841 0.31% -
1842 1.1% -
1843 0.69% -
1844 0.48% -
1845 -0.21% -
1846 0.36% -
1847 0.04% -
1848 -0.25% -
1849 0.6% -
1850 0.35% -
1851 -0.39% -
1852 0.68% -
1853 0.27% -
1854 -0.2% -
1855 0.1% -
1856 0.11% -
1857 -0.3% -
1858 -1.37% -
1859 -1.6% -
1860 -0.07% -
1861 -0.5% -
1862 -0.13% -
1863 -0.26% -
1864 -1.07% -
1865 -1.95% -
1866 -5.72% -
1867 -4.31% -
1868 -2.85% -
1869 -1.07% -
1870 -1.83% -
1871 -2.38% -
1872 -1.78% -
1873 -1.94% -
1874 -4.75% -
1875 -3.73% -
1876 -3.17% -
1877 -3.88% -
1878 -2.27% -
1879 -4.34% -
1880 -2% -
1881 -1.83% -
1882 -2.86% -
1883 -3.57% -
1884 -3.23% -
1885 -2.46% -
1886 -5.17% -
1887 -4% -
1888 -0.58% -
1889 -2.71% -
1890 -3.65% -
1891 -6.72% -
1892 -1.33% -
1893 -0.59% -
1894 0.82% -
1895 -2.31% -
1896 -5.36% -
1897 -1.78% -
1898 -3.84% -
1899 -0.78% -
1900 -1.89% -
1901 -3.93% -
1902 -3.65% -
1903 -1.35% -
1904 -1.6% -
1905 -1.31% -
1906 -2.8% -
1907 -2.39% -
1908 -0.84% -
1909 -2.26% -
1910 -3.17% -
1911 -3.32% -
1912 -3.29% -
1913 -2.23% -
1914 -2.67% -
1915 -2.13% -
1916 0.98% -
1917 0.49% -
1918 0.71% -
1919 -2.53% -
1920 -1.8% -
1921 -0.57% -
1922 -0.23% -
1923 2.87% -
1924 3.68% -
1925 2.44% -
1926 -3.23% -
1927 -0.17% -
1928 4.11% -
1929 1.89% -
1930 1.47% -
1931 -2.73% -
1932 -0.32% -
1933 1.76% -
1934 2.42% -
1935 4.23% -
1936 2.62% -
1937 1.42% -
1938 1.25% -
1939 1.74% -
1940 2.64% -
1941 1.9% -
1942 1.51% -
1943 0.81% -
1944 0.25% -
1945 0.73% -
1946 0.12% -
1947 -0.2% -
1948 2.56% -
1949 1.71% -
1950 -0.92% -
1951 -0.71% -
1952 -1.82% -
1953 -4.05% -
1954 -2.84% -
1955 -2.79% -
1956 -1.3% -
1957 -0.71% -
1958 -0.1% -
1959 1.56% -
1960 -3.14% -
1961 -2.89% -
1962 -4.31% -
1963 -3.29% -
1964 -2.24% -
1965 -1.64% -
1966 -1.88% -
1967 -0.64% -
1968 -0.79% -
1969 0.6% -
1970 -1.22% -
1971 -7.98% -
1972 -12.7% -
1973 -7.32% -
1974 -5.79% -
1975 -0.41% -
1976 -0.48% -
1977 -1.11% -
1978 -0.11% -
1979 4.82% -
1980 5.41% -
1981 2.56% -
1982 -1.02% -
1983 -2.67% -
1984 -2.95% -
1985 -2.22% -
1986 -0.92% -
1987 2.36% -
1988 4.07% -
1989 5.31% -
1990 2.24% -
1991 1.54% -
1992 2.09% -
1993 1.41% -
1994 1.43% -
1995 3.09% -
1996 2.07% -
1997 2.04% -
1998 0.39% -
1999 -2.02% -
2000 -0.69% -2.64%
2001 -0.49% -2.8%
2002 -1.17% -3.09%
2003 -0.42% -1.19%
2004 2.05% -2.36%
2005 4.57% -2.76%
2006 7.51% 27.8%
2007 7.95% -2.78%
2008 3.93% -1.97%
2009 -4.26% -3.71%
2010 -0.36% -2.57%
2011 1.43% -3.42%
2012 0.68% -0.96%
2013 -0.47% -2.37%
2014 -1.5% -2.89%
2015 -2.09% -1.82%
2016 -2.66% -3.95%
2017 -2.63% -2.86%
2018 -1.48% -4.74%
2019 -2.73% -1.68%
2020 -7.1% -5.42%
2021 -7.53% -4.91%
2022 1.36% -4.75%
2023 -2.27% -3.57%
2024 -2.74% -2.55%
2025 -2.01% -3.13%

Inflation comparison by year

Over the past 29 years, Chile has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 4.01%, compared with 2.23% in Mali. In 2024, inflation was 4.3% in Chile and 3.5% in Mali.

Inflation
Chile

Mali
Year Inflation
Chile Mali Chile Mali
1996 7.36% 6.5%
1997 6.13% -0.7%
1998 5.11% 4.1%
1999 3.34% -1.2%
2000 3.84% -0.8%
2001 3.57% 5.2%
2002 2.49% 5%
2003 2.81% -1.3%
2004 1.05% -3.1%
2005 3.05% 6.4%
2006 3.39% 1.6%
2007 4.41% 1.4%
2008 8.72% 9.2%
2009 0.35% 2.4%
2010 1.41% 1.2%
2011 3.34% 3%
2012 3.01% 5.3%
2013 1.79% -0.6%
2014 4.72% 0.9%
2015 4.35% 1.4%
2016 3.79% -1.8%
2017 2.18% 2.4%
2018 2.43% 1.9%
2019 2.56% -3%
2020 3.05% 0.5%
2021 4.52% 3.8%
2022 11.6% 9.7%
2023 7.58% 2.1%
2024 4.3% 3.2%
2025 - 3.5%

Top exports between countries

Chile
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $255K
Animal & marine products $102K
Textiles & consumer goods $28K
Metals $23K
Raw materials & minerals $12K
Chemicals & pharma $9K
Mali
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $150K

Balance of trade

Chile Mali
Current account balance
-$4.85B
2024
-$1.61B
2023
Current account balance ranking
165/189
2024
135/189
2023
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.47%
2024
-6.54%
2023
Goods imports
$78.1B
2024
$5.73B
2023
Goods exports
$99.2B
2024
$5.65B
2023
Service imports
$21.1B
2024
$2.34B
2023
Service exports
$12B
2024
$475M
2023
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
30.1%
2024
28.4%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
33.7%
2024
22.5%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Chile Mali
Economic freedom 73.2 52.6
Economic freedom ranking 23/197 144/197
Property rights 71.3 23.5
Government integrity 67.9 22.7
Judicial effectiveness 87.8 32.9
Tax burden 72.5 70
Government spending 74.4 79.6
Fiscal health 84.2 60.4
Business freedom 79.5 42.4
Labor freedom 61.3 53.9
Monetary freedom 71.8 77.2
Trade freedom 78 64
Investment freedom 60 65
Financial freedom 70 40

Economic freedom by year comparison

The Economic Freedom Index for Chile is 73.2, ranking 23/197, compared to 52.6 for Mali, ranking 144/197. The chart below displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Chile
Mali
Year Economic freedom index
Chile Mali
1995 71.2 52.4
1996 72.6 57
1997 75.9 56.4
1998 74.9 57.3
1999 74.1 58.4
2000 74.7 60.3
2001 75.1 60.1
2002 77.8 61.1
2003 76 58.6
2004 76.9 56.6
2005 77.8 57.3
2006 78 54.1
2007 77.7 54.7
2008 78.6 55.6
2009 78.3 55.6
2010 77.2 55.6
2011 77.4 56.3
2012 78.3 55.8
2013 79 56.4
2014 78.7 55.5
2015 78.5 56.4
2016 77.7 56.5
2017 76.5 58.6
2018 75.2 57.6
2019 75.4 58.1
2020 76.8 55.9
2021 75.2 55.6
2022 74.4 55.9
2023 71.1 54.5
2024 71.4 52.5
2025 73.2 52.6

More economic indicators

Chile Mali
Services, % of GDP
56.1%
2024
36.7%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
30.1%
2024
22.7%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
3.91%
2024
33.4%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$311B
2024
$24.9B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$32,850
2024
$3,210
2024
Total reserves including gold
$44.4B
2024
n/a
Total reserves ranking
45/177
2024
n/a
Net foreign direct investment
-$8.93B
2024
-$673M
2023
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$12.5B
2024
$709M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$3.59B
2024
$35.4M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
n/a
1.52%
2023
Poverty at national poverty lines
6.5%
2022
43.3%
2024
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.2%
2024
20.9%
2024

GDP per capita map

GDP per capita

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Economy comparisons

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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.