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Economy of Chile vs Singapore compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Chile has a GDP of $330B compared to $547B for Singapore, ranking 45/197 and 28/197 by economy size, respectively.

Chile has $138B in government debt (41.7% of GDP), compared to $950B (173.5% of GDP) in Singapore.

Chile vs Singapore GDP by year

Chile
Singapore
1x
Year GDP, current $
Chile Singapore
2024 $330,267,137,372 $547,386,645,892
2023 $335,518,054,098 $505,439,514,078
2022 $301,226,575,540 $509,017,841,147
2021 $315,325,547,162 $436,591,382,250
2020 $254,042,159,309 $349,165,858,545
2019 $278,285,058,719 $376,161,998,830
2018 $295,857,562,992 $377,123,710,561
2017 $276,154,259,981 $343,673,334,902
2016 $249,344,863,928 $319,646,468,521
2015 $242,450,355,831 $307,998,545,269
2014 $259,560,978,224 $314,863,580,758
2013 $277,395,018,842 $307,576,360,585
2012 $267,024,782,487 $295,092,888,077
2011 $251,382,573,894 $279,356,499,090
2010 $217,051,209,239 $239,807,980,591
2009 $171,777,900,624 $194,150,283,772
2008 $179,894,594,475 $193,617,323,539
2007 $172,491,076,034 $180,941,701,358
2006 $153,843,518,171 $148,627,286,361
2005 $122,294,145,163 $127,807,848,728
2004 $99,075,985,774 $115,033,593,101
2003 $76,492,579,644 $97,646,401,096
2002 $70,264,045,939 $92,538,372,870
2001 $71,574,739,561 $89,793,790,670
2000 $78,339,750,721 $96,076,539,926
1999 $75,578,685,736 $86,286,849,755
1998 $81,990,010,704 $85,728,207,782
1997 $85,741,415,285 $100,123,787,215
1996 $78,584,098,984 $96,293,086,513
1995 $73,820,425,702 $87,812,540,788
1994 $57,438,273,591 $73,688,724,431
1993 $49,934,943,321 $60,603,815,716
1992 $46,538,895,686 $52,131,320,033
1991 $38,232,330,917 $45,466,164,978
1990 $33,428,580,448 $36,144,336,769
1989 $30,101,767,991 $30,465,364,739
1988 $26,174,858,614 $25,371,462,488
1987 $22,605,488,851 $20,919,215,578
1986 $19,197,818,085 $18,586,746,057
1985 $17,933,557,360 $19,156,532,746
1984 $19,974,595,028 $19,749,361,098
1983 $20,629,678,694 $17,784,112,150
1982 $19,710,229,067 $16,084,252,378
1981 $35,180,322,211 $14,175,228,844
1980 $29,586,676,576 $11,896,256,783
1979 $22,249,574,628 $9,296,921,724
1978 $16,373,093,554 $7,517,176,355
1977 $14,272,711,437 $6,618,585,074
1976 $10,523,479,089 $6,327,077,974
1975 $7,812,161,793 $5,633,673,930
1974 $16,584,311,220 $5,221,534,956
1973 $17,237,336,173 $3,696,213,333
1972 $12,057,501,635 $2,721,440,981
1971 $10,999,807,567 $2,263,785,444
1970 $9,261,006,540 $1,920,574,150
1969 $8,456,519,044 $1,659,893,768
1968 $7,286,820,526 $1,425,706,091
1967 $7,145,068,068 $1,238,035,816
1966 $7,256,882,086 $1,096,425,608
1965 $6,183,988,944 $974,644,096
1964 $6,065,708,668 $894,153,311
1963 $5,702,520,146 $917,608,012
1962 $5,765,971,144 $826,239,212
1961 $4,948,564,551 $764,629,788
1960 $4,211,103,677 $704,751,700

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/singapore | CC BY

GDP per capita in Chile vs Singapore by year

Chile
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Singapore
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Chile Singapore
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $16,710 $36,181 $90,674 $150,689
2023 $17,067 $33,145 $85,412 $143,786
2022 $15,406 $30,932 $90,299 $143,095
2021 $16,207 $29,090 $80,056 $132,617
2020 $13,115 $25,351 $61,410 $101,518
2019 $14,496 $25,612 $65,952 $105,335
2018 $15,659 $25,305 $66,882 $103,963
2017 $14,880 $24,295 $61,236 $95,744
2016 $13,650 $23,257 $57,006 $89,902
2015 $13,434 $22,468 $55,646 $87,156
2014 $14,530 $22,554 $57,565 $84,555
2013 $15,684 $22,201 $56,967 $83,088
2012 $15,242 $21,366 $55,548 $82,108
2011 $14,487 $20,122 $53,891 $80,052
2010 $12,633 $17,918 $47,237 $75,401
2009 $10,099 $15,951 $38,927 $66,213
2008 $10,683 $16,376 $40,009 $67,735
2007 $10,346 $16,698 $39,433 $68,805
2006 $9,319 $15,511 $33,768 $64,061
2005 $7,480 $12,550 $29,961 $58,822
2004 $6,121 $11,612 $27,608 $54,384
2003 $4,773 $10,708 $23,730 $48,778
2002 $4,431 $10,133 $22,160 $45,083
2001 $4,564 $9,776 $21,700 $43,109
2000 $5,053 $9,376 $23,853 $43,781
1999 $4,934 $8,839 $21,797 $39,949
1998 $5,420 $8,850 $21,829 $37,560
1997 $5,742 $8,510 $26,376 $39,286
1996 $5,334 $7,895 $26,233 $36,873
1995 $5,081 $7,232 $24,915 $35,090
1994 $4,012 $6,476 $21,552 $33,058
1993 $3,541 $6,061 $18,290 $30,062
1992 $3,352 $5,563 $16,136 $27,022
1991 $2,798 $4,886 $14,502 $25,530
1990 $2,488 $4,444 $11,862 $23,815
1989 $2,278 - $10,395 -
1988 $2,014 - $8,914 -
1987 $1,767 - $7,539 -
1986 $1,525 - $6,800 -
1985 $1,447 - $7,002 -
1984 $1,636 - $7,228 -
1983 $1,715 - $6,633 -
1982 $1,663 - $6,078 -
1981 $3,012 - $5,597 -
1980 $2,571 - $4,928 -
1979 $1,962 - $3,901 -
1978 $1,465 - $3,194 -
1977 $1,297 - $2,846 -
1976 $971 - $2,759 -
1975 $732 - $2,490 -
1974 $1,579 - $2,342 -
1973 $1,667 - $1,685 -
1972 $1,185 - $1,264 -
1971 $1,099 - $1,071 -
1970 $941 - $926 -
1969 $874 - $813 -
1968 $766 - $709 -
1967 $764 - $626 -
1966 $790 - $567 -
1965 $686 - $517 -
1964 $686 - $486 -
1963 $658 - $511 -
1962 $679 - $472 -
1961 $594 - $449 -
1960 $516 - $428 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/singapore | CC BY

Chile's GDP per capita is $16,710, ranking 65/197, compared to $90,674 in Singapore, ranking 7/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Chile ranks 63rd at $36,181, while Singapore ranks 2nd at $150,689.

Economic indicators

Chile Singapore
Gross domestic product
$330B
2024
$547B
2024
GDP rank
45/197
2024
28/197
2024
GDP growth
2.64%
2023-2024
4.39%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$16,710
2024
$90,674
2024
GDP per capita rank
65/197
2024
7/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$36,181
2024
$150,689
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
63/197
2024
2/197
2024
Government debt
$138B
2024
$950B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
41.7%
2024
173.5%
2024
Government debt per person
$6,960
2024
$157,326
2024
Government debt per person rank
68/185
2024
1/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$10,247
2026
$52,793
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$262B
2024
$638B
2024
Number of millionaires
81,274
2025
331,000
2025
Number of billionaires
6
2025
49
2025
Income share by richest 10%
34.5%
2022
n/a
Income share by poorest 10%
2.3%
2022
n/a
Government expenditure, % of GDP
26.7%
2024
14.6%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
4.3%
2023-2024
2.39%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
4.75%
2025
n/a
Unemployment rate
8.76%
2024
2.74%
2024
Population
19977856
6125852

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Chile
Spending

Debt
Singapore
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Chile Singapore
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 26.7% 41.7% 14.6% 173.5%
2023 27.4% 39.4% 14.8% 172.8%
2022 26.7% 37.9% 15% 154.3%
2021 33.6% 36.4% 15.6% 141.7%
2020 29.1% 32.4% 24.1% 148.2%
2019 26.5% 28.3% 14% 127.9%
2018 25.6% 25.8% 13.9% 109.4%
2017 25.5% 23.7% 13.6% 107.6%
2016 25.4% 21.1% 15.3% 106.3%
2015 25% 17.4% 14.4% 102.2%
2014 23.9% 15% 12.6% 97.7%
2013 23.1% 12.8% 10.9% 98.2%
2012 23.1% 11.9% 9.83% 106.7%
2011 22.9% 11.1% 9.66% 103.1%
2010 23.5% 8.61% 10.2% 98.7%
2009 25% 5.84% 15.9% 101.7%
2008 21.8% 4.92% 14% 97.9%
2007 19.3% 3.9% 9.01% 87.8%
2006 18.7% 5.02% 12.3% 86.5%
2005 20.2% 7.04% 12.4% 92.7%
2004 20.8% 10.3% 14.1% 95.7%
2003 22.2% 12.6% 15.6% 99.1%
2002 23.2% 15% 15.9% 96.3%
2001 23.2% 14.3% 18.2% 94.5%
2000 22.9% 13.1% 16.1% 82.3%
1999 23.7% 13.3% 15.9% 85.3%
1998 21.9% 12.1% 18.1% 84.6%
1997 20.6% 12.8% 14.5% 70.8%
1996 20.6% 14.6% 18.1% 71.3%
1995 19.4% 17.2% 13.8% 69.8%
1994 20.6% 22.6% 11.7% 70.7%
1993 21.1% 28% 14.5% 71.2%
1992 20.8% 30.3% 14.5% 79%
1991 21.2% 37% 15.9% 76.4%
1990 20.9% 50.3% 15.1% 73.5%
1989 19.8% 51.9% - -
1988 21.3% 71.2% - -
1987 22.9% 81.6% - -
1986 26.6% 88.4% - -
1985 28.5% 79.8% - -
1984 30% 56.6% - -
1983 29.2% 45.5% - -
1982 30.1% 20.3% - -
1981 26.4% 14% - -
1980 23.8% 17.4% - -
1979 24.8% 23.2% - -
1978 29.4% 26% - -
1977 30% 16.5% - -
1976 30% 19.5% - -
1975 33.6% 28.4% - -
1974 32.3% 18.8% - -
1973 30.8% 11.1% - -
1972 35% 10.1% - -
1971 27.2% 20% - -
1970 21.1% 26.3% - -
1969 18.7% 21.5% - -
1968 19.3% 17.9% - -
1967 19.1% 14.9% - -
1966 20.5% 12.6% - -
1965 20.5% 12.6% - -
1964 17.8% 9.6% - -
1963 18.9% 9.23% - -
1962 21.3% 6.99% - -
1961 19.5% 7.97% - -
1960 19.7% 7.02% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1990, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/singapore | CC BY

In 2024, Chile's government spending was $88.3B, accounting for 26.7% of its GDP, while Singapore spent $79.7B, or 14.6% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 41.7% in Chile and 173.5% in Singapore, ranking 129/185 and 4/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Chile

Singapore
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Chile Singapore
2024 -2.82% 4.44%
2023 -2.27% 3.47%
2022 1.36% 1.21%
2021 -7.53% 1.13%
2020 -7.1% -6.73%
2019 -2.73% 3.77%
2018 -1.48% 3.68%
2017 -2.63% 5.24%
2016 -2.66% 3.25%
2015 -2.09% 2.86%
2014 -1.5% 4.6%
2013 -0.47% 5.96%
2012 0.68% 7.34%
2011 1.43% 7.96%
2010 -0.36% 5.68%
2009 -4.26% -0.09%
2008 3.93% 3.59%
2007 7.95% 7.12%
2006 7.51% 2.16%
2005 4.57% 2.56%
2004 2.05% 2.06%
2003 -0.42% 0.68%
2002 -1.17% 2.23%
2001 -0.49% 1.2%
2000 -0.69% 4.59%
1999 -2.02% 5.2%
1998 0.39% 2.41%
1997 2.04% 5.66%
1996 2.07% 1.98%
1995 3.09% 4.8%
1994 1.43% 7.9%
1993 1.41% 4.36%
1992 2.09% 2.7%
1991 1.54% 0.68%
1990 2.24% 1.97%
1989 5.31% -
1988 4.07% -
1987 2.36% -
1986 -0.92% -
1985 -2.22% -
1984 -2.95% -
1983 -2.67% -
1982 -1.02% -
1981 2.56% -
1980 5.41% -
1979 4.82% -
1978 -0.11% -
1977 -1.11% -
1976 -0.48% -
1975 -0.41% -
1974 -5.79% -
1973 -7.32% -
1972 -12.7% -
1971 -7.98% -
1970 -1.22% -
1969 0.6% -
1968 -0.79% -
1967 -0.64% -
1966 -1.88% -
1965 -1.64% -
1964 -2.24% -
1963 -3.29% -
1962 -4.31% -
1961 -2.89% -
1960 -3.14% -
1959 1.56% -
1958 -0.1% -
1957 -0.71% -
1956 -1.3% -
1955 -2.79% -
1954 -2.84% -
1953 -4.05% -
1952 -1.82% -
1951 -0.71% -
1950 -0.92% -
1949 1.71% -
1948 2.56% -
1947 -0.2% -
1946 0.12% -
1945 0.73% -
1944 0.25% -
1943 0.81% -
1942 1.51% -
1941 1.9% -
1940 2.64% -
1939 1.74% -
1938 1.25% -
1937 1.42% -
1936 2.62% -
1935 4.23% -
1934 2.42% -
1933 1.76% -
1932 -0.32% -
1931 -2.73% -
1930 1.47% -
1929 1.89% -
1928 4.11% -
1927 -0.17% -
1926 -3.23% -
1925 2.44% -
1924 3.68% -
1923 2.87% -
1922 -0.23% -
1921 -0.57% -
1920 -1.8% -
1919 -2.53% -
1918 0.71% -
1917 0.49% -
1916 0.98% -
1915 -2.13% -
1914 -2.67% -
1913 -2.23% -
1912 -3.29% -
1911 -3.32% -
1910 -3.17% -
1909 -2.26% -
1908 -0.84% -
1907 -2.39% -
1906 -2.8% -
1905 -1.31% -
1904 -1.6% -
1903 -1.35% -
1902 -3.65% -
1901 -3.93% -
1900 -1.89% -
1899 -0.78% -
1898 -3.84% -
1897 -1.78% -
1896 -5.36% -
1895 -2.31% -
1894 0.82% -
1893 -0.59% -
1892 -1.33% -
1891 -6.72% -
1890 -3.65% -
1889 -2.71% -
1888 -0.58% -
1887 -4% -
1886 -5.17% -
1885 -2.46% -
1884 -3.23% -
1883 -3.57% -
1882 -2.86% -
1881 -1.83% -
1880 -2% -
1879 -4.34% -
1878 -2.27% -
1877 -3.88% -
1876 -3.17% -
1875 -3.73% -
1874 -4.75% -
1873 -1.94% -
1872 -1.78% -
1871 -2.38% -
1870 -1.83% -
1869 -1.07% -
1868 -2.85% -
1867 -4.31% -
1866 -5.72% -
1865 -1.95% -
1864 -1.07% -
1863 -0.26% -
1862 -0.13% -
1861 -0.5% -
1860 -0.07% -
1859 -1.6% -
1858 -1.37% -
1857 -0.3% -
1856 0.11% -
1855 0.1% -
1854 -0.2% -
1853 0.27% -
1852 0.68% -
1851 -0.39% -
1850 0.35% -
1849 0.6% -
1848 -0.25% -
1847 0.04% -
1846 0.36% -
1845 -0.21% -
1844 0.48% -
1843 0.69% -
1842 1.1% -
1841 0.31% -
1840 0.34% -
1839 0.25% -
1838 -0.21% -
1837 -0.05% -
1836 -0.17% -
1835 -0.58% -
1834 -0.39% -
1833 -0.45% -
1832 -0.57% -
1831 -0.77% -
1830 -0.51% -
1829 -0.06% -
1828 -0.3% -
1827 0.07% -
1826 -0.08% -
1825 0.05% -
1824 -0.37% -
1823 0.98% -
1822 1.28% -
1821 -0.19% -
1820 0.64% -
1819 0.16% -
1818 1.52% -
1817 0.94% -
1816 1.21% -
1815 1.53% -
1814 1.91% -
1813 2.34% -
1812 2.79% -
1811 3.24% -
1810 3.64% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/singapore | CC BY

In 2024, Chile's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $9.3B, equivalent to 2.82% of GDP. This compares to Singapore's surplus of $24.3B, or 4.44% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, Chile recorded a fiscal deficit in 18 of those years, while Singapore ran a deficit in 2 years. On average, Chile posted an annual surplus equal to 0.09% of GDP, compared to surplus of 3.36% of GDP for Singapore.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Chile

Singapore
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Chile Singapore
2024 4.3% 2.39%
2023 7.58% 4.83%
2022 11.6% 6.13%
2021 4.52% 2.32%
2020 3.05% -0.17%
2019 2.56% 0.57%
2018 2.43% 0.44%
2017 2.18% 0.58%
2016 3.79% -0.53%
2015 4.35% -0.52%
2014 4.72% 1.03%
2013 1.79% 2.36%
2012 3.01% 4.58%
2011 3.34% 5.25%
2010 1.41% 2.83%
2009 0.35% 0.59%
2008 8.72% 6.64%
2007 4.41% 2.11%
2006 3.39% 0.97%
2005 3.05% 0.43%
2004 1.05% 1.66%
2003 2.81% 0.51%
2002 2.49% -0.39%
2001 3.57% 1%
2000 3.84% 1.36%
1999 3.34% 0.02%
1998 5.11% -0.27%
1997 6.13% 2%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/singapore | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Chile has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 3.89%, compared with 1.74% in Singapore. In 2024, inflation was 4.3% in Chile and 2.39% in Singapore.

Top exports between countries

Chile
Export category Export value
Miscellaneous $33.2M
Metals $28.9M
Animal & marine products $28.8M
Raw materials & minerals $16.8M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $12.7M
Machinery & equipment $6.32M
Raw agricultural goods $3M
Chemicals & pharma $2.93M
Textiles & consumer goods $272K
Wood & paper products $31K
Singapore
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $125M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $16.4M
Raw materials & minerals $14.4M
Miscellaneous $12.6M
Textiles & consumer goods $8.78M
Chemicals & pharma $5.98M
Wood & paper products $3.62M
Metals $1.32M
Raw agricultural goods $344K
Precious metals & jewellery $63K

Balance of trade

Chile Singapore
Current account balance
-$4.85B
2024
$96B
2024
Current account balance ranking
166/190
2024
8/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.47%
2024
+17.5%
2024
Goods imports
$78.1B
2024
$435B
2024
Goods exports
$99.2B
2024
$583B
2024
Service imports
$21.1B
2024
$351B
2024
Service exports
$12B
2024
$396B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
30.1%
2024
143.6%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
33.7%
2024
178.8%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Chile Singapore
Economic freedom 74.3 84.4
Economic freedom ranking 20/197 1/197
Property rights 69.7 89.2
Government integrity 67.8 86.1
Judicial effectiveness 90.3 58.3
Tax burden 72.5 89.5
Government spending 78.2 93.4
Fiscal health 94.1 80
Business freedom 78.5 90.6
Labor freedom 56.8 77
Monetary freedom 75.1 83.5
Trade freedom 78 95
Investment freedom 60 90
Financial freedom 70 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Chile
Singapore
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Chile Singapore
2026 74.3 84.4
2025 73.2 84.1
2024 71.4 83.5
2023 71.1 83.9
2022 74.4 84.4
2021 75.2 89.7
2020 76.8 89.4
2019 75.4 89.4
2018 75.2 88.8
2017 76.5 88.6
2016 77.7 87.8
2015 78.5 89.4
2014 78.7 89.4
2013 79 88
2012 78.3 87.5
2011 77.4 87.2
2010 77.2 86.1
2009 78.3 87.1
2008 78.6 87.3
2007 77.7 87.1
2006 78 88
2005 77.8 88.6
2004 76.9 88.9
2003 76 88.2
2002 77.8 87.4
2001 75.1 87.8
2000 74.7 87.7
1999 74.1 86.9
1998 74.9 87
1997 75.9 87.3
1996 72.6 86.5
1995 71.2 86.3

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/singapore | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Chile is 74.3, ranking 20/197, compared to 84.4 for Singapore, ranking 1/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Chile Singapore
Services, % of GDP
56.1%
2024
73%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
30.1%
2024
21.4%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
3.91%
2024
0.03%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$311B
2024
$451B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$34,320
2024
$126,190
2024
Total reserves including gold
$44.4B
2024
$384B
2024
Total reserves ranking
45/177
2024
9/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$8.93B
2024
-$96.7B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$12.5B
2024
$152B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$3.59B
2024
$55.3B
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
6.5%
2022
n/a
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.2%
2024
22.2%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/singapore | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1990, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.