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Economy of Belarus vs Chile compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Belarus has a GDP of $76B compared to $330B for Chile, ranking 83/197 and 46/197 by economy size, respectively.

Belarus has $33.7B in government debt (42.9% of GDP), compared to $139B (43% of GDP) in Chile.

The chart below compares the two countries' GDP growth in both current (nominal) and constant dollars, accounting for inflation over time.

Belarus
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Chile
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Year GDP
Belarus Chile
Current $ Constant $ Current $ Constant $
1960 - - $4,211,103,677 $26,275,664,125
1961 - - $4,948,564,551 $27,725,978,495
1962 - - $5,765,971,144 $28,815,827,040
1963 - - $5,702,520,146 $30,454,488,579
1964 - - $6,065,708,668 $31,204,014,437
1965 - - $6,183,988,944 $31,413,343,022
1966 - - $7,256,882,086 $35,014,387,052
1967 - - $7,145,068,068 $36,270,742,032
1968 - - $7,286,820,526 $37,566,955,711
1969 - - $8,456,519,044 $39,108,395,437
1970 - - $9,261,006,540 $39,771,076,474
1971 - - $10,999,807,567 $43,577,595,610
1972 - - $12,057,501,635 $43,267,163,670
1973 - - $17,237,336,173 $41,087,469,486
1974 - - $16,584,311,220 $41,600,890,292
1975 - - $7,812,161,793 $36,494,895,964
1976 - - $10,523,479,089 $37,810,425,598
1977 - - $14,272,711,437 $42,025,983,482
1978 - - $16,373,093,554 $45,399,335,594
1979 - - $22,249,574,628 $49,229,142,624
1980 - - $29,586,676,576 $53,252,287,646
1981 - - $35,180,322,211 $56,830,116,589
1982 - - $19,710,229,067 $50,293,481,314
1983 - - $20,629,678,694 $47,811,382,483
1984 - - $19,974,595,028 $49,716,049,397
1985 - - $17,933,557,360 $51,482,161,644
1986 - - $19,197,818,085 $54,265,063,039
1987 - - $22,605,488,851 $57,921,900,186
1988 - - $26,174,858,614 $62,179,629,421
1989 - - $30,101,767,991 $68,620,417,336
1990 $17,389,558,233 $29,435,120,618 $33,428,580,448 $71,089,876,110
1991 $18,404,907,975 $29,081,900,435 $38,232,330,917 $76,603,750,426
1992 $16,939,790,094 $26,290,037,656 $46,538,895,686 $85,414,661,278
1993 $16,275,073,527 $24,291,994,261 $49,934,943,321 $91,125,130,549
1994 $14,931,435,232 $21,449,829,995 $57,438,273,591 $95,751,374,591
1995 $13,972,683,274 $19,219,047,590 $73,820,425,702 $104,613,573,720
1996 $14,756,846,154 $19,757,181,802 $78,584,098,984 $112,056,685,780
1997 $14,130,585,516 $22,009,501,596 $85,741,415,285 $120,339,623,826
1998 $15,221,352,699 $23,858,297,858 $81,990,010,704 $125,370,887,065
1999 $12,138,243,081 $24,669,479,794 $75,578,685,736 $125,027,832,954
2000 $12,736,780,455 $26,100,310,428 $78,339,750,721 $131,243,743,563
2001 $12,354,820,144 $27,333,629,973 $71,574,739,561 $135,383,217,072
2002 $14,594,900,945 $28,712,684,737 $70,264,045,939 $139,719,269,577
2003 $17,825,444,724 $30,734,974,395 $76,492,579,644 $146,318,553,367
2004 $23,141,566,293 $34,254,050,014 $99,075,985,774 $156,084,225,514
2005 $30,210,091,837 $37,473,931,238 $122,294,145,163 $165,194,933,118
2006 $36,961,894,281 $41,221,322,382 $153,843,518,171 $175,189,211,416
2007 $45,275,711,996 $44,766,358,828 $172,491,076,034 $184,243,394,523
2008 $60,752,106,347 $49,332,527,214 $179,894,594,475 $191,225,100,461
2009 $50,873,167,326 $49,431,189,908 $171,777,900,624 $189,087,132,633
2010 $57,231,904,543 $53,262,115,562 $217,051,209,239 $200,151,851,762
2011 $61,762,382,328 $56,218,149,512 $251,382,573,894 $212,609,096,429
2012 $65,685,890,439 $57,178,272,623 $267,024,782,487 $225,695,909,225
2013 $75,527,558,966 $57,749,323,055 $277,395,018,842 $233,163,076,995
2014 $78,813,069,121 $58,702,836,384 $259,560,978,224 $237,342,873,662
2015 $56,454,769,845 $56,454,769,845 $242,450,355,831 $242,450,355,831
2016 $47,723,545,321 $55,028,470,324 $249,344,863,928 $246,700,604,516
2017 $54,725,405,751 $56,421,892,170 $276,154,259,981 $250,050,047,210
2018 $60,031,026,576 $58,198,729,041 $295,857,562,992 $260,027,117,803
2019 $64,410,170,653 $59,040,547,745 $278,285,058,719 $261,676,645,417
2020 $61,371,673,345 $58,643,356,622 $254,042,159,309 $245,600,606,669
2021 $69,673,747,132 $60,073,587,235 $315,325,547,162 $273,390,120,031
2022 $73,775,179,925 $57,275,121,700 $301,226,575,540 $279,278,925,616
2023 $72,478,760,370 $59,638,602,548 $335,518,054,098 $280,734,996,501
2024 $75,961,865,472 $62,030,020,173 $330,267,137,372 $288,158,504,435

Economic indicators

Belarus Chile
Gross domestic product
$76B
2024
$330B
2024
GDP rank
83/197
2024
46/197
2024
GDP growth
4.81%
2023-2024
-1.57%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$8,317
2024
$16,710
2024
GDP per capita rank
95/197
2024
65/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$33,006
2024
$34,637
2024
Government debt
$33.7B
2024
$139B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
42.9%
2025
43%
2025
Government debt per person
$3,691
2024
$7,015
2024
Government debt per person rank
94/185
2024
69/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$6,343
2025
$9,593
2025
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$6.01B
2024
$262B
2024
Number of millionaires n/a
81,274
2024
Number of billionaires n/a
6
2025
Income share by richest 10%
20.7%
2020
34.5%
2022
Income share by poorest 10%
4.5%
2020
2.3%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
41.3%
2025
26.6%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
7%
2024-2025
4.3%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
9.75%
2025
4.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
3.46%
2023
8.76%
2024
Population
9074112
19928941

GDP per capita in Belarus vs Chile

Belarus' GDP per capita is $8,317, ranking 95/197, compared to $16,710 in Chile, ranking 65/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Belarus ranks 68th at $33,006, while Chile ranks 64th at $34,637.

Belarus
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Chile
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Year Current $
Belarus Chile
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
1960 - - $516 -
1961 - - $594 -
1962 - - $679 -
1963 - - $658 -
1964 - - $686 -
1965 - - $686 -
1966 - - $790 -
1967 - - $764 -
1968 - - $766 -
1969 - - $874 -
1970 - - $941 -
1971 - - $1,099 -
1972 - - $1,185 -
1973 - - $1,667 -
1974 - - $1,579 -
1975 - - $732 -
1976 - - $971 -
1977 - - $1,297 -
1978 - - $1,465 -
1979 - - $1,962 -
1980 - - $2,571 -
1981 - - $3,012 -
1982 - - $1,663 -
1983 - - $1,715 -
1984 - - $1,636 -
1985 - - $1,447 -
1986 - - $1,525 -
1987 - - $1,767 -
1988 - - $2,014 -
1989 - - $2,278 -
1990 $1,707 $5,220 $2,488 $4,445
1991 $1,805 $5,330 $2,798 $4,886
1992 $1,658 $4,917 $3,352 $5,563
1993 $1,590 $4,641 $3,541 $6,061
1994 $1,460 $4,190 $4,012 $6,476
1995 $1,371 $3,846 $5,081 $7,232
1996 $1,453 $4,039 $5,334 $7,895
1997 $1,397 $4,596 $5,742 $8,511
1998 $1,511 $5,061 $5,420 $8,850
1999 $1,211 $5,331 $4,934 $8,839
2000 $1,276 $5,796 $5,053 $9,376
2001 $1,244 $6,238 $4,564 $9,776
2002 $1,479 $6,697 $4,431 $10,133
2003 $1,820 $7,362 $4,773 $10,709
2004 $2,378 $8,483 $6,121 $11,612
2005 $3,126 $9,637 $7,480 $12,550
2006 $3,848 $10,995 $9,319 $15,511
2007 $4,735 $12,320 $10,346 $16,698
2008 $6,376 $13,886 $10,683 $16,376
2009 $5,352 $14,034 $10,099 $15,951
2010 $6,035 $15,339 $12,633 $17,918
2011 $6,528 $16,563 $14,487 $20,122
2012 $6,953 $18,115 $15,242 $21,366
2013 $7,998 $19,014 $15,684 $22,201
2014 $8,341 $19,038 $14,530 $22,554
2015 $5,967 $18,134 $13,434 $22,458
2016 $5,040 $17,832 $13,650 $23,257
2017 $5,786 $18,414 $14,880 $24,295
2018 $6,360 $20,026 $15,659 $25,305
2019 $6,838 $22,302 $14,496 $25,612
2020 $6,543 $24,872 $13,115 $25,351
2021 $7,490 $27,611 $16,207 $29,090
2022 $7,995 $28,429 $15,406 $30,820
2023 $7,897 $30,834 $17,067 $32,801
2024 $8,317 $33,006 $16,710 $34,637

Spending and national debt comparison

In 2024, Belarus' government spending was $31.1B, accounting for 41.3% of its GDP, while Chile's spent $87.5B, or 26.6% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 42.9% in Belarus and 43% in Chile, ranking 127/185 and 126/185, respectively.

Belarus
Government spending

Government debt
Chile
Government spending

Government debt
Year % of GDP
Belarus Chile
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
1960 - - 19.7% 7.02%
1961 - - 19.5% 7.97%
1962 - - 21.3% 6.99%
1963 - - 18.9% 9.23%
1964 - - 17.8% 9.6%
1965 - - 20.5% 12.6%
1966 - - 20.5% 12.6%
1967 - - 19.1% 14.9%
1968 - - 19.3% 17.9%
1969 - - 18.7% 21.5%
1970 - - 21.1% 26.3%
1971 - - 27.2% 20%
1972 - - 35% 10.1%
1973 - - 30.8% 11.1%
1974 - - 32.3% 18.8%
1975 - - 33.6% 28.4%
1976 - - 30% 19.5%
1977 - - 30% 16.5%
1978 - - 29.4% 26%
1979 - - 24.8% 23.2%
1980 - - 23.8% 17.4%
1981 - - 26.4% 14%
1982 - - 30.1% 20.3%
1983 - - 29.2% 45.5%
1984 - - 30% 56.6%
1985 - - 28.5% 79.8%
1986 - - 26.6% 88.4%
1987 - - 22.9% 81.6%
1988 - - 21.3% 71.2%
1989 - - 19.8% 51.9%
1990 - - 20.9% 50.3%
1991 - - 21.2% 37%
1992 - - 20.8% 30.3%
1993 - - 21.1% 28%
1994 - - 20.6% 22.6%
1995 - - 19.4% 17.2%
1996 - - 20.6% 14.6%
1997 - - 20.6% 12.8%
1998 - - 21.9% 12.1%
1999 - - 23.7% 13.3%
2000 - - 22.9% 13.1%
2001 42.4% - 23.2% 14.3%
2002 43.8% - 23.2% 15%
2003 43.5% - 22.2% 12.6%
2004 44% 9.22% 20.8% 10.3%
2005 45% 8.12% 20.2% 7.04%
2006 47.2% 12.3% 18.7% 5.02%
2007 49.2% 15.8% 19.3% 3.9%
2008 60% 20.3% 21.8% 4.92%
2009 51.7% 32.5% 25% 5.84%
2010 44.3% 36.8% 23.5% 8.61%
2011 40.3% 58.2% 22.9% 11.1%
2012 38.9% 36.9% 23.1% 11.9%
2013 40.8% 36.9% 23.1% 12.8%
2014 38.8% 38.8% 23.9% 15%
2015 41.8% 53% 25% 17.4%
2016 40.7% 53.5% 25.4% 21.1%
2017 39% 53.2% 25.5% 23.7%
2018 37.8% 47.5% 25.6% 25.8%
2019 37.4% 41% 26.5% 28.3%
2020 38% 47.5% 29.1% 32.4%
2021 36.7% 41.2% 33.6% 36.4%
2022 38% 40.8% 26.7% 37.9%
2023 40.3% 40.7% 27.4% 39.4%
2024 41% 44.4% 26.5% 42%
2025 41.3% 42.9% 26.6% 43%

Government deficit by year

In 2024, Belarus' government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $567M, equivalent to 0.75% of GDP. This compares to Chile's deficit of -$9.05B, or -2.74% of GDP.

Over the past 24 years, Belarus recorded a fiscal deficit in 18 of those years, while Chile ran a deficit in 16 years. On average, Belarus posted an annual deficit equal to -3.34% of GDP, compared to deficit of -0.43% of GDP for Chile.

Deficit/surplus
Belarus

Chile
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Belarus Chile
1810 - 3.64%
1811 - 3.24%
1812 - 2.79%
1813 - 2.34%
1814 - 1.91%
1815 - 1.53%
1816 - 1.21%
1817 - 0.94%
1818 - 1.52%
1819 - 0.16%
1820 - 0.64%
1821 - -0.19%
1822 - 1.28%
1823 - 0.98%
1824 - -0.37%
1825 - 0.05%
1826 - -0.08%
1827 - 0.07%
1828 - -0.3%
1829 - -0.06%
1830 - -0.51%
1831 - -0.77%
1832 - -0.57%
1833 - -0.45%
1834 - -0.39%
1835 - -0.58%
1836 - -0.17%
1837 - -0.05%
1838 - -0.21%
1839 - 0.25%
1840 - 0.34%
1841 - 0.31%
1842 - 1.1%
1843 - 0.69%
1844 - 0.48%
1845 - -0.21%
1846 - 0.36%
1847 - 0.04%
1848 - -0.25%
1849 - 0.6%
1850 - 0.35%
1851 - -0.39%
1852 - 0.68%
1853 - 0.27%
1854 - -0.2%
1855 - 0.1%
1856 - 0.11%
1857 - -0.3%
1858 - -1.37%
1859 - -1.6%
1860 - -0.07%
1861 - -0.5%
1862 - -0.13%
1863 - -0.26%
1864 - -1.07%
1865 - -1.95%
1866 - -5.72%
1867 - -4.31%
1868 - -2.85%
1869 - -1.07%
1870 - -1.83%
1871 - -2.38%
1872 - -1.78%
1873 - -1.94%
1874 - -4.75%
1875 - -3.73%
1876 - -3.17%
1877 - -3.88%
1878 - -2.27%
1879 - -4.34%
1880 - -2%
1881 - -1.83%
1882 - -2.86%
1883 - -3.57%
1884 - -3.23%
1885 - -2.46%
1886 - -5.17%
1887 - -4%
1888 - -0.58%
1889 - -2.71%
1890 - -3.65%
1891 - -6.72%
1892 - -1.33%
1893 - -0.59%
1894 - 0.82%
1895 - -2.31%
1896 - -5.36%
1897 - -1.78%
1898 - -3.84%
1899 - -0.78%
1900 - -1.89%
1901 - -3.93%
1902 - -3.65%
1903 - -1.35%
1904 - -1.6%
1905 - -1.31%
1906 - -2.8%
1907 - -2.39%
1908 - -0.84%
1909 - -2.26%
1910 - -3.17%
1911 - -3.32%
1912 - -3.29%
1913 - -2.23%
1914 - -2.67%
1915 - -2.13%
1916 - 0.98%
1917 - 0.49%
1918 - 0.71%
1919 - -2.53%
1920 - -1.8%
1921 - -0.57%
1922 - -0.23%
1923 - 2.87%
1924 - 3.68%
1925 - 2.44%
1926 - -3.23%
1927 - -0.17%
1928 - 4.11%
1929 - 1.89%
1930 - 1.47%
1931 - -2.73%
1932 - -0.32%
1933 - 1.76%
1934 - 2.42%
1935 - 4.23%
1936 - 2.62%
1937 - 1.42%
1938 - 1.25%
1939 - 1.74%
1940 - 2.64%
1941 - 1.9%
1942 - 1.51%
1943 - 0.81%
1944 - 0.25%
1945 - 0.73%
1946 - 0.12%
1947 - -0.2%
1948 - 2.56%
1949 - 1.71%
1950 - -0.92%
1951 - -0.71%
1952 - -1.82%
1953 - -4.05%
1954 - -2.84%
1955 - -2.79%
1956 - -1.3%
1957 - -0.71%
1958 - -0.1%
1959 - 1.56%
1960 - -3.14%
1961 - -2.89%
1962 - -4.31%
1963 - -3.29%
1964 - -2.24%
1965 - -1.64%
1966 - -1.88%
1967 - -0.64%
1968 - -0.79%
1969 - 0.6%
1970 - -1.22%
1971 - -7.98%
1972 - -12.7%
1973 - -7.32%
1974 - -5.79%
1975 - -0.41%
1976 - -0.48%
1977 - -1.11%
1978 - -0.11%
1979 - 4.82%
1980 - 5.41%
1981 - 2.56%
1982 - -1.02%
1983 - -2.67%
1984 - -2.95%
1985 - -2.22%
1986 - -0.92%
1987 - 2.36%
1988 - 4.07%
1989 - 5.31%
1990 - 2.24%
1991 - 1.54%
1992 - 2.09%
1993 - 1.41%
1994 - 1.43%
1995 - 3.09%
1996 - 2.07%
1997 - 2.04%
1998 - 0.39%
1999 - -2.02%
2000 - -0.69%
2001 -4.74% -0.49%
2002 -7.81% -1.17%
2003 -6.74% -0.42%
2004 -7.06% 2.05%
2005 -6.71% 4.57%
2006 -7.71% 7.51%
2007 -7.82% 7.95%
2008 -10.9% 3.93%
2009 -7.23% -4.26%
2010 -4.19% -0.36%
2011 -2.81% 1.43%
2012 0.36% 0.68%
2013 -0.98% -0.47%
2014 0.09% -1.5%
2015 -2.96% -2.09%
2016 -1.66% -2.66%
2017 -0.34% -2.63%
2018 1.8% -1.48%
2019 0.91% -2.73%
2020 -2.87% -7.1%
2021 -0.22% -7.53%
2022 -2.04% 1.36%
2023 0.71% -2.27%
2024 0.75% -2.74%
2025 0.24% -2.01%

Inflation comparison by year

Over the past 29 years, Belarus has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 37.7%, compared with 4.01% in Chile. In 2024, inflation was 7% in Belarus and 4.3% in Chile.

Inflation
Belarus

Chile
Year Inflation
Belarus Chile Belarus Chile
1996 52.7% 7.36%
1997 63.8% 6.13%
1998 73% 5.11%
1999 293.7% 3.34%
2000 168.6% 3.84%
2001 61.1% 3.57%
2002 42.6% 2.49%
2003 28.4% 2.81%
2004 18.1% 1.05%
2005 10.3% 3.05%
2006 7% 3.39%
2007 8.4% 4.41%
2008 14.8% 8.72%
2009 13% 0.35%
2010 7.7% 1.41%
2011 53.2% 3.34%
2012 59.2% 3.01%
2013 18.3% 1.79%
2014 18.1% 4.72%
2015 13.5% 4.35%
2016 11.8% 3.79%
2017 6% 2.18%
2018 4.9% 2.43%
2019 5.6% 2.56%
2020 5.5% 3.05%
2021 9.5% 4.52%
2022 15.2% 11.6%
2023 5% 7.58%
2024 5.7% 4.3%
2025 7% -

Top exports between countries

Belarus
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $645K
Transport & tourism services $463K
Business & finance services $354K
Raw materials & minerals $328K
Machinery & equipment $272K
Wood & paper products $192K
IT & IP services $170K
Textiles & consumer goods $28K
Precious metals & jewellery $3K
Manufacturing & construction services $1K
Chile
Export category Export value
Animal & marine products $5.78M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $4.14M
Raw agricultural goods $2.86M
Textiles & consumer goods $35K
Chemicals & pharma $10K
Miscellaneous $9K

Balance of trade

Belarus Chile
Current account balance
-$1.94B
2024
-$4.85B
2024
Current account balance ranking
141/189
2024
165/189
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-2.56%
2024
-1.47%
2024
Goods imports
$44.2B
2024
$78.1B
2024
Goods exports
$39.5B
2024
$99.2B
2024
Service imports
$6.82B
2024
$21.1B
2024
Service exports
$10.1B
2024
$12B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
66.9%
2024
30.1%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
65.1%
2024
33.7%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Belarus Chile
Economic freedom 48.9 73.2
Economic freedom ranking 168/197 23/197
Property rights 20.9 71.3
Government integrity 28.8 67.9
Judicial effectiveness 10.5 87.8
Tax burden 89.3 72.5
Government spending 55.6 74.4
Fiscal health 96.2 84.2
Business freedom 50.9 79.5
Labor freedom 48 61.3
Monetary freedom 67.2 71.8
Trade freedom 69.2 78
Investment freedom 30 60
Financial freedom 20 70

Economic freedom by year comparison

The Economic Freedom Index for Belarus is 48.9, ranking 168/197, compared to 73.2 for Chile, ranking 23/197. The chart below displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Belarus
Chile
Year Economic freedom index
Belarus Chile
1995 40.4 71.2
1996 38.7 72.6
1997 39.8 75.9
1998 38 74.9
1999 35.4 74.1
2000 41.3 74.7
2001 38 75.1
2002 39 77.8
2003 39.7 76
2004 43.1 76.9
2005 46.7 77.8
2006 47.5 78
2007 47 77.7
2008 45.3 78.6
2009 45 78.3
2010 48.7 77.2
2011 47.9 77.4
2012 49 78.3
2013 48 79
2014 50.1 78.7
2015 49.8 78.5
2016 48.8 77.7
2017 58.6 76.5
2018 58.1 75.2
2019 57.9 75.4
2020 61.7 76.8
2021 61 75.2
2022 53 74.4
2023 51 71.1
2024 48.4 71.4
2025 48.9 73.2

More economic indicators

Belarus Chile
Services, % of GDP
49.7%
2024
56.1%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
30.7%
2024
30.1%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
6.87%
2024
3.91%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$75.2B
2024
$311B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$32,220
2024
$32,850
2024
Total reserves including gold
$8.91B
2024
$44.4B
2024
Total reserves ranking
82/177
2024
45/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$1.57B
2024
-$8.93B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$1.74B
2024
$12.5B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$170M
2024
$3.59B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
11.3%
2023
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
3.9%
2022
6.5%
2022
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
25.8%
2024
23.2%
2024

GDP per capita map

GDP per capita

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Economy comparisons

Economy vs Belarus vs Chile
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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.