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Economy of Bangladesh vs Chile compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Bangladesh has a GDP of $450B compared to $330B for Chile, ranking 36/197 and 45/197 by economy size, respectively.

Bangladesh has $184B in government debt (41% of GDP), compared to $138B (41.7% of GDP) in Chile.

Bangladesh vs Chile GDP by year

Bangladesh
Chile
1x
Year GDP, current $
Bangladesh Chile
2024 $450,119,432,069 $330,267,137,372
2023 $437,415,333,018 $335,518,054,098
2022 $460,131,689,083 $301,226,575,540
2021 $416,271,647,911 $315,325,547,162
2020 $373,979,442,362 $254,042,159,309
2019 $351,231,654,604 $278,285,058,719
2018 $321,362,752,442 $295,857,562,992
2017 $293,732,446,625 $276,154,259,981
2016 $265,224,515,675 $249,344,863,928
2015 $195,146,608,978 $242,450,355,831
2014 $172,886,611,654 $259,560,978,224
2013 $149,998,957,434 $277,395,018,842
2012 $133,310,747,603 $267,024,782,487
2011 $128,607,482,310 $251,382,573,894
2010 $115,275,540,051 $217,051,209,239
2009 $102,475,158,191 $171,777,900,624
2008 $91,636,997,371 $179,894,594,475
2007 $79,611,644,975 $172,491,076,034
2006 $71,795,736,172 $153,843,518,171
2005 $69,476,001,239 $122,294,145,163
2004 $65,108,544,250 $99,075,985,774
2003 $60,158,929,188 $76,492,579,644
2002 $54,724,081,491 $70,264,045,939
2001 $53,991,289,844 $71,574,739,561
2000 $53,369,787,319 $78,339,750,721
1999 $51,270,569,884 $75,578,685,736
1998 $49,984,559,471 $81,990,010,704
1997 $48,244,309,133 $85,741,415,285
1996 $46,438,484,108 $78,584,098,984
1995 $37,939,748,769 $73,820,425,702
1994 $33,768,660,883 $57,438,273,591
1993 $33,166,519,418 $49,934,943,321
1992 $31,708,874,594 $46,538,895,686
1991 $30,957,483,950 $38,232,330,917
1990 $31,598,340,778 $33,428,580,448
1989 $28,781,715,189 $30,101,767,991
1988 $26,579,005,558 $26,174,858,614
1987 $24,298,032,258 $22,605,488,851
1986 $21,774,033,333 $19,197,818,085
1985 $22,278,423,077 $17,933,557,360
1984 $18,920,840,000 $19,974,595,028
1983 $17,609,048,822 $20,629,678,694
1982 $18,525,399,202 $19,710,229,067
1981 $20,249,694,002 $35,180,322,211
1980 $18,138,049,096 $29,586,676,576
1979 $15,565,480,322 $22,249,574,628
1978 $13,281,767,143 $16,373,093,554
1977 $9,651,149,302 $14,272,711,437
1976 $10,117,113,333 $10,523,479,089
1975 $19,448,348,073 $7,812,161,793
1974 $12,512,460,520 $16,584,311,220
1973 $8,086,725,729 $17,237,336,173
1972 $6,288,245,867 $12,057,501,635
1971 $8,751,843,188 $10,999,807,567
1970 $8,992,722,167 $9,261,006,540
1969 $8,471,006,438 $8,456,519,044
1968 $7,483,685,771 $7,286,820,526
1967 $7,253,575,688 $7,145,068,068
1966 $6,439,687,854 $7,256,882,086
1965 $5,906,636,792 $6,183,988,944
1964 $5,386,054,833 $6,065,708,668
1963 $5,319,458,563 $5,702,520,146
1962 $5,081,413,542 $5,765,971,144
1961 $4,817,580,375 $4,948,564,551
1960 $4,274,894,083 $4,211,103,677

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/bangladesh/chile | CC BY

GDP per capita in Bangladesh vs Chile by year

Bangladesh
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Chile
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Bangladesh Chile
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $2,593 $9,647 $16,710 $36,181
2023 $2,551 $9,148 $17,067 $33,145
2022 $2,716 $8,451 $15,406 $30,932
2021 $2,483 $7,441 $16,207 $29,090
2020 $2,249 $6,641 $13,115 $25,351
2019 $2,130 $6,047 $14,496 $25,612
2018 $1,965 $5,490 $15,659 $25,305
2017 $1,811 $4,883 $14,880 $24,295
2016 $1,649 $4,579 $13,650 $23,257
2015 $1,224 $4,212 $13,434 $22,468
2014 $1,094 $3,973 $14,530 $22,554
2013 $958 $3,691 $15,684 $22,201
2012 $860 $3,434 $15,242 $21,366
2011 $837 $3,051 $14,487 $20,122
2010 $757 $2,834 $12,633 $17,918
2009 $679 $2,675 $10,099 $15,951
2008 $613 $2,555 $10,683 $16,376
2007 $538 $2,388 $10,346 $16,698
2006 $490 $2,195 $9,319 $15,511
2005 $480 $2,020 $7,480 $12,550
2004 $456 $1,862 $6,121 $11,612
2003 $427 $1,746 $4,773 $10,708
2002 $394 $1,659 $4,431 $10,133
2001 $395 $1,598 $4,564 $9,776
2000 $397 $1,512 $5,053 $9,376
1999 $388 $1,430 $4,934 $8,839
1998 $386 $1,373 $5,420 $8,850
1997 $379 $1,315 $5,742 $8,510
1996 $372 $1,261 $5,334 $7,895
1995 $309 $1,206 $5,081 $7,232
1994 $280.6 $1,145 $4,012 $6,476
1993 $280.8 $1,099 $3,541 $6,061
1992 $273.5 $1,045 $3,352 $5,563
1991 $272.1 $987 $2,798 $4,886
1990 $283.1 $941 $2,488 $4,444
1989 $263 - $2,278 -
1988 $247.9 - $2,014 -
1987 $231.5 - $1,767 -
1986 $212.1 - $1,525 -
1985 $222.2 - $1,447 -
1984 $193.4 - $1,636 -
1983 $184.7 - $1,715 -
1982 $199.6 - $1,663 -
1981 $224.2 - $3,012 -
1980 $206.1 - $2,571 -
1979 $181.1 - $1,962 -
1978 $158.3 - $1,465 -
1977 $117.9 - $1,297 -
1976 $126.7 - $971 -
1975 $249.8 - $732 -
1974 $165 - $1,579 -
1973 $109.7 - $1,667 -
1972 $87.8 - $1,185 -
1971 $124.5 - $1,099 -
1970 $130.2 - $941 -
1969 $125.9 - $874 -
1968 $114.4 - $766 -
1967 $114.2 - $764 -
1966 $104.4 - $790 -
1965 $98.6 - $686 -
1964 $92.6 - $686 -
1963 $94.1 - $658 -
1962 $92.6 - $679 -
1961 $90.4 - $594 -
1960 $82.5 - $516 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/bangladesh/chile | CC BY

Bangladesh's GDP per capita is $2,593, ranking 146/197, compared to $16,710 in Chile, ranking 65/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Bangladesh ranks 135th at $9,647, while Chile ranks 63rd at $36,181.

Economic indicators

Bangladesh Chile
Gross domestic product
$450B
2024
$330B
2024
GDP rank
36/197
2024
45/197
2024
GDP growth
4.22%
2023-2024
2.64%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$2,593
2024
$16,710
2024
GDP per capita rank
146/197
2024
65/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$9,647
2024
$36,181
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
135/197
2024
63/197
2024
Government debt
$184B
2024
$138B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
41%
2024
41.7%
2024
Government debt per person
$1,063
2024
$6,960
2024
Government debt per person rank
139/185
2024
68/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$2,222
2026
$10,247
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$87.9B
2024
$262B
2024
Number of millionaires n/a
81,274
2025
Number of billionaires n/a
6
2025
Income share by richest 10%
25.5%
2022
34.5%
2022
Income share by poorest 10%
3.7%
2022
2.3%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
12%
2024
26.7%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
9.7%
2023-2024
4.3%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
10%
2024
4.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
3.64%
2024
8.76%
2024
Population
178415186
19977856

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Bangladesh
Spending

Debt
Chile
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Bangladesh Chile
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 12% 41% 26.7% 41.7%
2023 12.6% 39.7% 27.4% 39.4%
2022 13% 37.9% 26.7% 37.9%
2021 12.9% 35.6% 33.6% 36.4%
2020 13.3% 34.5% 29.1% 32.4%
2019 13.6% 32% 26.5% 28.3%
2018 13% 29.6% 25.6% 25.8%
2017 12.2% 28.3% 25.5% 23.7%
2016 11.6% 27.7% 25.4% 21.1%
2015 11.5% 28.2% 25% 17.4%
2014 11.7% 28.7% 23.9% 15%
2013 12.1% 28.3% 23.1% 12.8%
2012 11.7% 29.1% 23.1% 11.9%
2011 11.5% 29.4% 22.9% 11.1%
2010 10.6% 29.6% 23.5% 8.61%
2009 10.6% 33% 25% 5.84%
2008 11.5% 33.9% 21.8% 4.92%
2007 9.63% 35% 19.3% 3.9%
2006 10.1% 35.3% 18.7% 5.02%
2005 10.3% 35.6% 20.2% 7.04%
2004 9.88% 36.6% 20.8% 10.3%
2003 10.2% 37% 22.2% 12.6%
2002 10.4% 38.9% 23.2% 15%
2001 10.7% 37.1% 23.2% 14.3%
2000 9.76% 31.2% 22.9% 13.1%
1999 8.66% 32.7% 23.7% 13.3%
1998 9.82% 31.1% 21.9% 12.1%
1997 9.89% 29.1% 20.6% 12.8%
1996 9.79% 31% 20.6% 14.6%
1995 10.5% 32.9% 19.4% 17.2%
1994 10% 35.5% 20.6% 22.6%
1993 9.74% 34.1% 21.1% 28%
1992 8.8% 33.1% 20.8% 30.3%
1991 8.86% 31.8% 21.2% 37%
1990 9.14% 31.5% 20.9% 50.3%
1989 - - 19.8% 51.9%
1988 - - 21.3% 71.2%
1987 - - 22.9% 81.6%
1986 - - 26.6% 88.4%
1985 - - 28.5% 79.8%
1984 - - 30% 56.6%
1983 - - 29.2% 45.5%
1982 - - 30.1% 20.3%
1981 - - 26.4% 14%
1980 - - 23.8% 17.4%
1979 - - 24.8% 23.2%
1978 - - 29.4% 26%
1977 - - 30% 16.5%
1976 - - 30% 19.5%
1975 - - 33.6% 28.4%
1974 - - 32.3% 18.8%
1973 - - 30.8% 11.1%
1972 - - 35% 10.1%
1971 - - 27.2% 20%
1970 - - 21.1% 26.3%
1969 - - 18.7% 21.5%
1968 - - 19.3% 17.9%
1967 - - 19.1% 14.9%
1966 - - 20.5% 12.6%
1965 - - 20.5% 12.6%
1964 - - 17.8% 9.6%
1963 - - 18.9% 9.23%
1962 - - 21.3% 6.99%
1961 - - 19.5% 7.97%
1960 - - 19.7% 7.02%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–2002, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/bangladesh/chile | CC BY

In 2024, Bangladesh's government spending was $54.2B, accounting for 12% of its GDP, while Chile spent $88.3B, or 26.7% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 41% in Bangladesh and 41.7% in Chile, ranking 131/185 and 129/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Bangladesh

Chile
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Bangladesh Chile
2024 -3.69% -2.82%
2023 -4.39% -2.27%
2022 -4.53% 1.36%
2021 -3.56% -7.53%
2020 -4.84% -7.1%
2019 -5.41% -2.73%
2018 -4.07% -1.48%
2017 -4.17% -2.63%
2016 -3.16% -2.66%
2015 -3.29% -2.09%
2014 -2.62% -1.5%
2013 -2.86% -0.47%
2012 -2.56% 0.68%
2011 -2.96% 1.43%
2010 -2.23% -0.36%
2009 -2.68% -4.26%
2008 -3.36% 3.93%
2007 -1.86% 7.95%
2006 -2.15% 7.51%
2005 -2.4% 4.57%
2004 -2.21% 2.05%
2003 -1.96% -0.42%
2002 -2.3% -1.17%
2001 -3.44% -0.49%
2000 -2.5% -0.69%
1999 -1.35% -2.02%
1998 -2.2% 0.39%
1997 -1.94% 2.04%
1996 -2.01% 2.07%
1995 -0.38% 3.09%
1994 0.03% 1.43%
1993 0.43% 1.41%
1992 0.36% 2.09%
1991 0.44% 1.54%
1990 -0.15% 2.24%
1989 - 5.31%
1988 - 4.07%
1987 - 2.36%
1986 - -0.92%
1985 - -2.22%
1984 - -2.95%
1983 - -2.67%
1982 - -1.02%
1981 - 2.56%
1980 - 5.41%
1979 - 4.82%
1978 - -0.11%
1977 - -1.11%
1976 - -0.48%
1975 - -0.41%
1974 - -5.79%
1973 - -7.32%
1972 - -12.7%
1971 - -7.98%
1970 - -1.22%
1969 - 0.6%
1968 - -0.79%
1967 - -0.64%
1966 - -1.88%
1965 - -1.64%
1964 - -2.24%
1963 - -3.29%
1962 - -4.31%
1961 - -2.89%
1960 - -3.14%
1959 - 1.56%
1958 - -0.1%
1957 - -0.71%
1956 - -1.3%
1955 - -2.79%
1954 - -2.84%
1953 - -4.05%
1952 - -1.82%
1951 - -0.71%
1950 - -0.92%
1949 - 1.71%
1948 - 2.56%
1947 - -0.2%
1946 - 0.12%
1945 - 0.73%
1944 - 0.25%
1943 - 0.81%
1942 - 1.51%
1941 - 1.9%
1940 - 2.64%
1939 - 1.74%
1938 - 1.25%
1937 - 1.42%
1936 - 2.62%
1935 - 4.23%
1934 - 2.42%
1933 - 1.76%
1932 - -0.32%
1931 - -2.73%
1930 - 1.47%
1929 - 1.89%
1928 - 4.11%
1927 - -0.17%
1926 - -3.23%
1925 - 2.44%
1924 - 3.68%
1923 - 2.87%
1922 - -0.23%
1921 - -0.57%
1920 - -1.8%
1919 - -2.53%
1918 - 0.71%
1917 - 0.49%
1916 - 0.98%
1915 - -2.13%
1914 - -2.67%
1913 - -2.23%
1912 - -3.29%
1911 - -3.32%
1910 - -3.17%
1909 - -2.26%
1908 - -0.84%
1907 - -2.39%
1906 - -2.8%
1905 - -1.31%
1904 - -1.6%
1903 - -1.35%
1902 - -3.65%
1901 - -3.93%
1900 - -1.89%
1899 - -0.78%
1898 - -3.84%
1897 - -1.78%
1896 - -5.36%
1895 - -2.31%
1894 - 0.82%
1893 - -0.59%
1892 - -1.33%
1891 - -6.72%
1890 - -3.65%
1889 - -2.71%
1888 - -0.58%
1887 - -4%
1886 - -5.17%
1885 - -2.46%
1884 - -3.23%
1883 - -3.57%
1882 - -2.86%
1881 - -1.83%
1880 - -2%
1879 - -4.34%
1878 - -2.27%
1877 - -3.88%
1876 - -3.17%
1875 - -3.73%
1874 - -4.75%
1873 - -1.94%
1872 - -1.78%
1871 - -2.38%
1870 - -1.83%
1869 - -1.07%
1868 - -2.85%
1867 - -4.31%
1866 - -5.72%
1865 - -1.95%
1864 - -1.07%
1863 - -0.26%
1862 - -0.13%
1861 - -0.5%
1860 - -0.07%
1859 - -1.6%
1858 - -1.37%
1857 - -0.3%
1856 - 0.11%
1855 - 0.1%
1854 - -0.2%
1853 - 0.27%
1852 - 0.68%
1851 - -0.39%
1850 - 0.35%
1849 - 0.6%
1848 - -0.25%
1847 - 0.04%
1846 - 0.36%
1845 - -0.21%
1844 - 0.48%
1843 - 0.69%
1842 - 1.1%
1841 - 0.31%
1840 - 0.34%
1839 - 0.25%
1838 - -0.21%
1837 - -0.05%
1836 - -0.17%
1835 - -0.58%
1834 - -0.39%
1833 - -0.45%
1832 - -0.57%
1831 - -0.77%
1830 - -0.51%
1829 - -0.06%
1828 - -0.3%
1827 - 0.07%
1826 - -0.08%
1825 - 0.05%
1824 - -0.37%
1823 - 0.98%
1822 - 1.28%
1821 - -0.19%
1820 - 0.64%
1819 - 0.16%
1818 - 1.52%
1817 - 0.94%
1816 - 1.21%
1815 - 1.53%
1814 - 1.91%
1813 - 2.34%
1812 - 2.79%
1811 - 3.24%
1810 - 3.64%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/bangladesh/chile | CC BY

In 2024, Bangladesh's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $16.6B, equivalent to 3.69% of GDP. This compares to Chile's deficit of $9.3B, or 2.82% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, Bangladesh recorded a fiscal deficit in 31 of those years, while Chile ran a deficit in 18 years. On average, Bangladesh posted an annual deficit equal to 2.46% of GDP, compared to surplus of 0.09% of GDP for Chile.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Bangladesh

Chile
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Bangladesh Chile
2024 9.7% 4.3%
2023 9% 7.58%
2022 6.1% 11.6%
2021 5.6% 4.52%
2020 5.6% 3.05%
2019 5.5% 2.56%
2018 5.8% 2.43%
2017 5.4% 2.18%
2016 5.9% 3.79%
2015 6.4% 4.35%
2014 7.3% 4.72%
2013 6.8% 1.79%
2012 8.9% 3.01%
2011 8.8% 3.34%
2010 7.3% 1.41%
2009 6.7% 0.35%
2008 9.9% 8.72%
2007 7.2% 4.41%
2006 7.2% 3.39%
2005 6.5% 3.05%
2004 8.1% 1.05%
2003 3.9% 2.81%
2002 2.4% 2.49%
2001 1.8% 3.57%
2000 3.6% 3.84%
1999 8.9% 3.34%
1998 6.7% 5.11%
1997 2.7% 6.13%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/bangladesh/chile | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Bangladesh has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 6.42%, compared with 3.89% in Chile. In 2024, inflation was 9.7% in Bangladesh and 4.3% in Chile.

Top exports between countries

Bangladesh
Export category Export value
Textiles & consumer goods $41.4M
Machinery & equipment $229K
Wood & paper products $181K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $65K
Miscellaneous $1K
Chile
Export category Export value
Metals $30M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $9.41M
Raw materials & minerals $545K
Animal & marine products $260K
Chemicals & pharma $129K
Raw agricultural goods $97K
Wood & paper products $89K
Machinery & equipment $34K
Textiles & consumer goods $3K

Balance of trade

Bangladesh Chile
Current account balance
$1.43B
2024
-$4.85B
2024
Current account balance ranking
52/190
2024
166/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+0.32%
2024
-1.47%
2024
Goods imports
$63.8B
2024
$78.1B
2024
Goods exports
$47.3B
2024
$99.2B
2024
Service imports
$12.3B
2024
$21.1B
2024
Service exports
$7.47B
2024
$12B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
16.3%
2024
30.1%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
10.5%
2024
33.7%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Bangladesh Chile
Economic freedom 54.8 74.3
Economic freedom ranking 131/197 20/197
Property rights 32.1 69.7
Government integrity 22.7 67.8
Judicial effectiveness 36.7 90.3
Tax burden 79.9 72.5
Government spending 95.3 78.2
Fiscal health 68.4 94.1
Business freedom 52.7 78.5
Labor freedom 50.5 56.8
Monetary freedom 65.8 75.1
Trade freedom 63 78
Investment freedom 50 60
Financial freedom 40 70

Economic freedom comparison by year

Bangladesh
Chile
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Bangladesh Chile
2026 54.8 74.3
2025 54.7 73.2
2024 54.4 71.4
2023 54.4 71.1
2022 52.7 74.4
2021 56.5 75.2
2020 56.4 76.8
2019 55.6 75.4
2018 55.1 75.2
2017 55 76.5
2016 53.3 77.7
2015 53.9 78.5
2014 54.1 78.7
2013 52.6 79
2012 53.2 78.3
2011 53 77.4
2010 51.1 77.2
2009 47.5 78.3
2008 44.2 78.6
2007 46.7 77.7
2006 52.9 78
2005 47.5 77.8
2004 50 76.9
2003 49.3 76
2002 51.9 77.8
2001 51.2 75.1
2000 48.9 74.7
1999 50 74.1
1998 52 74.9
1997 49.9 75.9
1996 51.1 72.6
1995 40.9 71.2

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/bangladesh/chile | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Bangladesh is 54.8, ranking 131/197, compared to 74.3 for Chile, ranking 20/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Bangladesh Chile
Services, % of GDP
51.4%
2024
56.1%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
34.1%
2024
30.1%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
11.2%
2024
3.91%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$490B
2024
$311B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$10,060
2024
$34,320
2024
Total reserves including gold
$21.4B
2024
$44.4B
2024
Total reserves ranking
61/177
2024
45/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$1.49B
2024
-$8.93B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$1.31B
2024
$12.5B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$34.1M
2024
$3.59B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
1.83%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
18.7%
2022
6.5%
2022
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
30.7%
2024
23.2%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/bangladesh/chile | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–2002, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2015–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.