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Economy of Antigua and Barbuda vs Chile compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Antigua and Barbuda has a GDP of $2.21B compared to $330B for Chile, ranking 177/197 and 45/197 by economy size, respectively.

Antigua and Barbuda has $1.49B in government debt (67.6% of GDP), compared to $138B (41.7% of GDP) in Chile.

Antigua and Barbuda vs Chile GDP by year

Antigua and Barbuda
Chile
1x
Year GDP, current $
Antigua Chile
2024 $2,207,622,874 $330,267,137,372
2023 $2,005,785,185 $335,518,054,098
2022 $1,866,566,667 $301,226,575,540
2021 $1,602,125,926 $315,325,547,162
2020 $1,411,637,037 $254,042,159,309
2019 $1,726,448,148 $278,285,058,719
2018 $1,661,529,630 $295,857,562,992
2017 $1,534,855,556 $276,154,259,981
2016 $1,489,603,704 $249,344,863,928
2015 $1,437,485,185 $242,450,355,831
2014 $1,378,707,407 $259,560,978,224
2013 $1,325,496,296 $277,395,018,842
2012 $1,364,729,630 $267,024,782,487
2011 $1,287,359,259 $251,382,573,894
2010 $1,298,348,148 $217,051,209,239
2009 $1,386,518,519 $171,777,900,624
2008 $1,557,640,741 $179,894,594,475
2007 $1,487,381,481 $172,491,076,034
2006 $1,303,674,074 $153,843,518,171
2005 $1,143,896,296 $122,294,145,163
2004 $1,026,329,630 $99,075,985,774
2003 $948,100,000 $76,492,579,644
2002 $898,092,593 $70,264,045,939
2001 $877,774,074 $71,574,739,561
2000 $901,003,704 $78,339,750,721
1999 $835,544,444 $75,578,685,736
1998 $789,788,889 $81,990,010,704
1997 $734,422,222 $85,741,415,285
1996 $679,140,741 $78,584,098,984
1995 $616,051,852 $73,820,425,702
1994 $625,081,481 $57,438,273,591
1993 $565,662,963 $49,934,943,321
1992 $525,133,333 $46,538,895,686
1991 $504,337,037 $38,232,330,917
1990 $478,718,519 $33,428,580,448
1989 $455,174,074 $30,101,767,991
1988 $411,396,296 $26,174,858,614
1987 $346,866,667 $22,605,488,851
1986 $297,562,963 $19,197,818,085
1985 $246,370,370 $17,933,557,360
1984 $212,214,815 $19,974,595,028
1983 $184,866,667 $20,629,678,694
1982 $166,444,444 $19,710,229,067
1981 $149,388,889 $35,180,322,211
1980 $132,451,852 $29,586,676,576
1979 $109,596,296 $22,249,574,628
1978 $88,040,741 $16,373,093,554
1977 $77,507,407 $14,272,711,437
1976 - $10,523,479,089
1975 - $7,812,161,793
1974 - $16,584,311,220
1973 - $17,237,336,173
1972 - $12,057,501,635
1971 - $10,999,807,567
1970 - $9,261,006,540
1969 - $8,456,519,044
1968 - $7,286,820,526
1967 - $7,145,068,068
1966 - $7,256,882,086
1965 - $6,183,988,944
1964 - $6,065,708,668
1963 - $5,702,520,146
1962 - $5,765,971,144
1961 - $4,948,564,551
1960 - $4,211,103,677

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/antigua-and-barbuda/chile | CC BY

GDP per capita in Antigua and Barbuda vs Chile by year

Antigua and Barbuda
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Chile
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Antigua Chile
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $23,542 $33,386 $16,710 $36,181
2023 $21,495 $31,602 $17,067 $33,145
2022 $20,105 $29,934 $15,406 $30,932
2021 $17,349 $25,745 $16,207 $29,090
2020 $15,370 $22,370 $13,115 $25,351
2019 $18,896 $26,551 $14,496 $25,612
2018 $18,273 $24,524 $15,659 $25,305
2017 $16,966 $21,422 $14,880 $24,295
2016 $16,557 $21,320 $13,650 $23,257
2015 $16,078 $20,985 $13,434 $22,468
2014 $15,532 $21,671 $14,530 $22,554
2013 $15,052 $21,761 $15,684 $22,201
2012 $15,640 $23,012 $15,242 $21,366
2011 $14,912 $23,804 $14,487 $20,122
2010 $15,217 $24,071 $12,633 $17,918
2009 $16,472 $26,157 $10,099 $15,951
2008 $18,787 $29,978 $10,683 $16,376
2007 $18,205 $29,851 $10,346 $16,698
2006 $16,174 $26,949 $9,319 $15,511
2005 $14,369 $23,485 $7,480 $12,550
2004 $13,038 $21,629 $6,121 $11,612
2003 $12,173 $20,127 $4,773 $10,708
2002 $11,659 $18,813 $4,431 $10,133
2001 $11,539 $18,569 $4,564 $9,776
2000 $12,027 $19,319 $5,053 $9,376
1999 $11,342 $18,088 $4,934 $8,839
1998 $10,907 $17,496 $5,420 $8,850
1997 $10,336 $16,836 $5,742 $8,510
1996 $9,756 $16,017 $5,334 $7,895
1995 $9,034 $15,062 $5,081 $7,232
1994 $9,351 $15,736 $4,012 $6,476
1993 $8,625 $14,720 $3,541 $6,061
1992 $8,154 $13,908 $3,352 $5,563
1991 $7,956 $13,658 $2,798 $4,886
1990 $7,591 $12,996 $2,488 $4,444
1989 $7,188 - $2,278 -
1988 $6,466 - $2,014 -
1987 $5,424 - $1,767 -
1986 $4,629 - $1,525 -
1985 $3,814 - $1,447 -
1984 $3,271 - $1,636 -
1983 $2,847 - $1,715 -
1982 $2,569 - $1,663 -
1981 $2,310 - $3,012 -
1980 $2,053 - $2,571 -
1979 $1,705 - $1,962 -
1978 $1,375 - $1,465 -
1977 $1,214 - $1,297 -
1976 - - $971 -
1975 - - $732 -
1974 - - $1,579 -
1973 - - $1,667 -
1972 - - $1,185 -
1971 - - $1,099 -
1970 - - $941 -
1969 - - $874 -
1968 - - $766 -
1967 - - $764 -
1966 - - $790 -
1965 - - $686 -
1964 - - $686 -
1963 - - $658 -
1962 - - $679 -
1961 - - $594 -
1960 - - $516 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/antigua-and-barbuda/chile | CC BY

Antigua and Barbuda's GDP per capita is $23,542, ranking 53/197, compared to $16,710 in Chile, ranking 65/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Antigua and Barbuda ranks 66th at $33,386, while Chile ranks 63rd at $36,181.

Economic indicators

Antigua Chile
Gross domestic product
$2.21B
2024
$330B
2024
GDP rank
177/197
2024
45/197
2024
GDP growth
3.66%
2023-2024
2.64%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$23,542
2024
$16,710
2024
GDP per capita rank
53/197
2024
65/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$33,386
2024
$36,181
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
66/197
2024
63/197
2024
Government debt
$1.49B
2024
$138B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
67.6%
2024
41.7%
2024
Government debt per person
$15,910
2024
$6,960
2024
Government debt per person rank
39/185
2024
68/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$16,563
2026
$10,247
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$262B
2024
Number of millionaires n/a
81,274
2025
Number of billionaires n/a
6
2025
Income share by richest 10% n/a
34.5%
2022
Income share by poorest 10% n/a
2.3%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
19.8%
2024
26.7%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
6.2%
2023-2024
4.3%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
4.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
5.37%
2023
8.76%
2024
Population
94757
19977856

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Antigua and Barbuda
Spending

Debt
Chile
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Antigua Chile
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 19.8% 67.6% 26.7% 41.7%
2023 18.8% 76.3% 27.4% 39.4%
2022 20.7% 82% 26.7% 37.9%
2021 23.4% 93% 33.6% 36.4%
2020 26% 100.5% 29.1% 32.4%
2019 22.1% 81.6% 26.5% 28.3%
2018 21.5% 84.3% 25.6% 25.8%
2017 22.6% 88.2% 25.5% 23.7%
2016 23.8% 83.1% 25.4% 21.1%
2015 24.8% 92.1% 25% 17.4%
2014 20.9% 91.9% 23.9% 15%
2013 20.7% 85.4% 23.1% 12.8%
2012 18.5% 76.9% 23.1% 11.9%
2011 21.1% 81.1% 22.9% 11.1%
2010 20% 79.4% 23.5% 8.61%
2009 32.1% 89.2% 25% 5.84%
2008 23.2% 66.8% 21.8% 4.92%
2007 23.8% 68.7% 19.3% 3.9%
2006 26% 79.1% 18.7% 5.02%
2005 21.5% 82.8% 20.2% 7.04%
2004 21.9% 107.7% 20.8% 10.3%
2003 24.2% 113% 22.2% 12.6%
2002 26.3% 114.5% 23.2% 15%
2001 24.2% 107.6% 23.2% 14.3%
2000 21.1% 96.4% 22.9% 13.1%
1999 20.3% 95.9% 23.7% 13.3%
1998 20.7% 94.6% 21.9% 12.1%
1997 16.8% 80.6% 20.6% 12.8%
1996 19.6% 85.5% 20.6% 14.6%
1995 21% 92.1% 19.4% 17.2%
1994 21.2% 84.5% 20.6% 22.6%
1993 19.4% 85.3% 21.1% 28%
1992 18.7% 90.8% 20.8% 30.3%
1991 20.8% 94.6% 21.2% 37%
1990 18.1% 94.1% 20.9% 50.3%
1989 - - 19.8% 51.9%
1988 - - 21.3% 71.2%
1987 - - 22.9% 81.6%
1986 - - 26.6% 88.4%
1985 - - 28.5% 79.8%
1984 - - 30% 56.6%
1983 - - 29.2% 45.5%
1982 - - 30.1% 20.3%
1981 - - 26.4% 14%
1980 - - 23.8% 17.4%
1979 - - 24.8% 23.2%
1978 - - 29.4% 26%
1977 - - 30% 16.5%
1976 - - 30% 19.5%
1975 - - 33.6% 28.4%
1974 - - 32.3% 18.8%
1973 - - 30.8% 11.1%
1972 - - 35% 10.1%
1971 - - 27.2% 20%
1970 - - 21.1% 26.3%
1969 - - 18.7% 21.5%
1968 - - 19.3% 17.9%
1967 - - 19.1% 14.9%
1966 - - 20.5% 12.6%
1965 - - 20.5% 12.6%
1964 - - 17.8% 9.6%
1963 - - 18.9% 9.23%
1962 - - 21.3% 6.99%
1961 - - 19.5% 7.97%
1960 - - 19.7% 7.02%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1990, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/antigua-and-barbuda/chile | CC BY

In 2024, Antigua and Barbuda's government spending was $437M, accounting for 19.8% of its GDP, while Chile spent $88.3B, or 26.7% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 67.6% in Antigua and Barbuda and 41.7% in Chile, ranking 63/185 and 129/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Antigua and Barbuda

Chile
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Antigua Chile
2024 1.61% -2.82%
2023 -1.7% -2.27%
2022 -2.84% 1.36%
2021 -4.52% -7.53%
2020 -6.23% -7.1%
2019 -3.64% -2.73%
2018 -2.43% -1.48%
2017 -2.72% -2.63%
2016 -0.14% -2.66%
2015 -2.42% -2.09%
2014 -2.6% -1.5%
2013 -3.83% -0.47%
2012 -0.97% 0.68%
2011 -3.09% 1.43%
2010 -0.24% -0.36%
2009 -15.8% -4.26%
2008 -4.72% 3.93%
2007 -4.98% 7.95%
2006 -6.62% 7.51%
2005 -4.29% 4.57%
2004 -3.9% 2.05%
2003 -7.32% -0.42%
2002 -8.83% -1.17%
2001 -8.58% -0.49%
2000 -4.5% -0.69%
1999 -3.08% -2.02%
1998 -1.62% 0.39%
1997 0% 2.04%
1996 -1.61% 2.07%
1995 -3.89% 3.09%
1994 -4.33% 1.43%
1993 -2.45% 1.41%
1992 -0.81% 2.09%
1991 -3.91% 1.54%
1990 0.12% 2.24%
1989 - 5.31%
1988 - 4.07%
1987 - 2.36%
1986 - -0.92%
1985 - -2.22%
1984 - -2.95%
1983 - -2.67%
1982 - -1.02%
1981 - 2.56%
1980 - 5.41%
1979 - 4.82%
1978 - -0.11%
1977 - -1.11%
1976 - -0.48%
1975 - -0.41%
1974 - -5.79%
1973 - -7.32%
1972 - -12.7%
1971 - -7.98%
1970 - -1.22%
1969 - 0.6%
1968 - -0.79%
1967 - -0.64%
1966 - -1.88%
1965 - -1.64%
1964 - -2.24%
1963 - -3.29%
1962 - -4.31%
1961 - -2.89%
1960 - -3.14%
1959 - 1.56%
1958 - -0.1%
1957 - -0.71%
1956 - -1.3%
1955 - -2.79%
1954 - -2.84%
1953 - -4.05%
1952 - -1.82%
1951 - -0.71%
1950 - -0.92%
1949 - 1.71%
1948 - 2.56%
1947 - -0.2%
1946 - 0.12%
1945 - 0.73%
1944 - 0.25%
1943 - 0.81%
1942 - 1.51%
1941 - 1.9%
1940 - 2.64%
1939 - 1.74%
1938 - 1.25%
1937 - 1.42%
1936 - 2.62%
1935 - 4.23%
1934 - 2.42%
1933 - 1.76%
1932 - -0.32%
1931 - -2.73%
1930 - 1.47%
1929 - 1.89%
1928 - 4.11%
1927 - -0.17%
1926 - -3.23%
1925 - 2.44%
1924 - 3.68%
1923 - 2.87%
1922 - -0.23%
1921 - -0.57%
1920 - -1.8%
1919 - -2.53%
1918 - 0.71%
1917 - 0.49%
1916 - 0.98%
1915 - -2.13%
1914 - -2.67%
1913 - -2.23%
1912 - -3.29%
1911 - -3.32%
1910 - -3.17%
1909 - -2.26%
1908 - -0.84%
1907 - -2.39%
1906 - -2.8%
1905 - -1.31%
1904 - -1.6%
1903 - -1.35%
1902 - -3.65%
1901 - -3.93%
1900 - -1.89%
1899 - -0.78%
1898 - -3.84%
1897 - -1.78%
1896 - -5.36%
1895 - -2.31%
1894 - 0.82%
1893 - -0.59%
1892 - -1.33%
1891 - -6.72%
1890 - -3.65%
1889 - -2.71%
1888 - -0.58%
1887 - -4%
1886 - -5.17%
1885 - -2.46%
1884 - -3.23%
1883 - -3.57%
1882 - -2.86%
1881 - -1.83%
1880 - -2%
1879 - -4.34%
1878 - -2.27%
1877 - -3.88%
1876 - -3.17%
1875 - -3.73%
1874 - -4.75%
1873 - -1.94%
1872 - -1.78%
1871 - -2.38%
1870 - -1.83%
1869 - -1.07%
1868 - -2.85%
1867 - -4.31%
1866 - -5.72%
1865 - -1.95%
1864 - -1.07%
1863 - -0.26%
1862 - -0.13%
1861 - -0.5%
1860 - -0.07%
1859 - -1.6%
1858 - -1.37%
1857 - -0.3%
1856 - 0.11%
1855 - 0.1%
1854 - -0.2%
1853 - 0.27%
1852 - 0.68%
1851 - -0.39%
1850 - 0.35%
1849 - 0.6%
1848 - -0.25%
1847 - 0.04%
1846 - 0.36%
1845 - -0.21%
1844 - 0.48%
1843 - 0.69%
1842 - 1.1%
1841 - 0.31%
1840 - 0.34%
1839 - 0.25%
1838 - -0.21%
1837 - -0.05%
1836 - -0.17%
1835 - -0.58%
1834 - -0.39%
1833 - -0.45%
1832 - -0.57%
1831 - -0.77%
1830 - -0.51%
1829 - -0.06%
1828 - -0.3%
1827 - 0.07%
1826 - -0.08%
1825 - 0.05%
1824 - -0.37%
1823 - 0.98%
1822 - 1.28%
1821 - -0.19%
1820 - 0.64%
1819 - 0.16%
1818 - 1.52%
1817 - 0.94%
1816 - 1.21%
1815 - 1.53%
1814 - 1.91%
1813 - 2.34%
1812 - 2.79%
1811 - 3.24%
1810 - 3.64%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/antigua-and-barbuda/chile | CC BY

In 2024, Antigua and Barbuda's government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $35.6M, equivalent to 1.61% of GDP. This compares to Chile's deficit of $9.3B, or 2.82% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, Antigua and Barbuda recorded a fiscal deficit in 32 of those years, while Chile ran a deficit in 18 years. On average, Antigua and Barbuda posted an annual deficit equal to 3.63% of GDP, compared to surplus of 0.09% of GDP for Chile.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Antigua and Barbuda

Chile
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Antigua Chile
2024 6.2% 4.3%
2023 5.1% 7.58%
2022 7.5% 11.6%
2021 1.6% 4.52%
2020 1.1% 3.05%
2019 1.4% 2.56%
2018 1.2% 2.43%
2017 2.4% 2.18%
2016 -0.5% 3.79%
2015 1% 4.35%
2014 1.1% 4.72%
2013 1.1% 1.79%
2012 3.4% 3.01%
2011 3.5% 3.34%
2010 3.4% 1.41%
2009 -0.6% 0.35%
2008 5.3% 8.72%
2007 1.4% 4.41%
2006 1.8% 3.39%
2005 2.1% 3.05%
2004 2% 1.05%
2003 2% 2.81%
2002 2.4% 2.49%
2001 1.9% 3.57%
2000 -0.2% 3.84%
1999 1.1% 3.34%
1998 3.3% 5.11%
1997 0.4% 6.13%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/antigua-and-barbuda/chile | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Antigua and Barbuda has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.23%, compared with 3.89% in Chile. In 2024, inflation was 6.2% in Antigua and Barbuda and 4.3% in Chile.

Top exports between countries

Antigua
Export category Export value
Chile
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $518K
Wood & paper products $101K
Textiles & consumer goods $3K
Metals $2K
Chemicals & pharma $1K

Balance of trade

Antigua Chile
Current account balance
-$181M
2024
-$4.85B
2024
Current account balance ranking
98/190
2024
166/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-8.22%
2024
-1.47%
2024
Goods imports
$726M
2024
$78.1B
2024
Goods exports
$72.1M
2024
$99.2B
2024
Service imports
$557M
2024
$21.1B
2024
Service exports
$1.24B
2024
$12B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
63%
2022
30.1%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
54.7%
2022
33.7%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Antigua Chile
Economic freedom 56 74.3
Economic freedom ranking 125/197 20/197
Property rights n/a 69.7
Government integrity n/a 67.8
Judicial effectiveness n/a 90.3
Tax burden n/a 72.5
Government spending n/a 78.2
Fiscal health n/a 94.1
Business freedom n/a 78.5
Labor freedom n/a 56.8
Monetary freedom n/a 75.1
Trade freedom n/a 78
Investment freedom n/a 60
Financial freedom n/a 70

Other economic metrics

Antigua Chile
Services, % of GDP
69.1%
2023
56.1%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
19%
2023
30.1%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.94%
2023
3.91%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$1.98B
2024
$311B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$31,730
2024
$34,320
2024
Total reserves including gold
$358M
2024
$44.4B
2024
Total reserves ranking
164/177
2024
45/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$253M
2024
-$8.93B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$246M
2024
$12.5B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
-$68.4K
2024
$3.59B
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines n/a
6.5%
2022
Gross capital formation, % of GDP n/a
23.2%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/antigua-and-barbuda/chile | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1990, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  5. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  6. TradeMap (2022–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.