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Economy of Chile vs Malta compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Chile has a GDP of $357B compared to $27.8B for Malta, ranking 45/197 and 118/197 by economy size, respectively.

Chile has $149B in government debt (41.8% of GDP), compared to $13B (46.8% of GDP) in Malta.

Chile vs Malta GDP by year

Chile
Malta
1x
Year GDP, current $
Chile Malta
2025 $357,371,159,575 $27,771,821,561
2024 $329,260,633,699 $25,042,712,191
2023 $335,802,745,366 $22,625,329,776
2022 $301,099,244,104 $18,938,869,147
2021 $315,507,493,783 $19,730,119,031
2020 $254,103,710,483 $16,404,655,808
2019 $278,308,438,545 $16,337,788,881
2018 $295,857,562,992 $16,153,785,817
2017 $276,154,259,981 $14,161,374,599
2016 $249,344,863,928 $12,025,777,078
2015 $242,450,355,831 $11,340,789,706
2014 $259,560,978,224 $11,888,029,752
2013 $277,395,018,842 $10,796,780,874
2012 $267,024,782,487 $9,609,530,619
2011 $251,382,573,894 $9,789,363,086
2010 $217,051,209,239 $9,097,044,301
2009 $171,777,900,624 $8,769,897,418
2008 $179,894,594,475 $9,172,399,573
2007 $172,491,076,034 $7,908,412,374
2006 $153,843,518,171 $6,749,838,862
2005 $122,294,145,163 $6,393,234,965
2004 $99,075,985,774 $6,104,141,501
2003 $76,492,579,644 $5,418,315,225
2002 $70,264,045,939 $4,455,127,398
2001 $71,574,739,561 $4,070,867,153
2000 $78,339,750,721 $4,036,809,767
1999 $75,578,685,736 $4,111,857,836
1998 $81,990,010,704 $4,010,111,652
1997 $85,741,415,285 $3,787,023,655
1996 $78,584,098,984 $3,822,547,151
1995 $73,820,425,702 $3,709,396,089
1994 $57,438,273,591 $2,998,505,428
1993 $49,934,943,321 $2,709,193,538
1992 $46,538,895,686 $3,021,942,759
1991 $38,232,330,917 $2,750,216,747
1990 $33,428,580,448 $2,547,328,748
1989 $30,101,767,991 $2,118,655,677
1988 $26,174,858,614 $2,019,503,068
1987 $22,605,488,851 $1,751,293,461
1986 $19,197,818,085 $1,435,038,441
1985 $17,933,557,360 $1,117,797,439
1984 $19,974,595,028 $1,101,807,023
1983 $20,629,678,694 $1,165,729,707
1982 $19,710,229,067 $1,234,474,404
1981 $35,180,322,211 $1,243,509,394
1980 $29,586,676,576 $1,250,198,601
1979 $22,249,574,628 $1,001,288,847
1978 $16,373,093,554 $793,673,402
1977 $14,272,711,437 $625,563,171
1976 $10,523,479,089 $527,936,989
1975 $7,812,161,793 $474,618,321
1974 $16,584,311,220 $376,081,124
1973 $17,237,336,173 $345,616,106
1972 $12,057,501,635 $295,106,628
1971 $10,999,807,567 $264,578,485
1970 $9,261,006,540 $250,728,796
1969 $8,456,519,044 -
1968 $7,286,820,526 -
1967 $7,145,068,068 -
1966 $7,256,882,086 -
1965 $6,183,988,944 -
1964 $6,065,708,668 -
1963 $5,702,520,146 -
1962 $5,765,971,144 -
1961 $4,948,564,551 -
1960 $4,211,103,677 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/malta | CC BY

GDP per capita in Chile vs Malta by year

Chile
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Malta
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Chile Malta
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $17,995 - $47,907 -
2024 $16,659 $36,181 $44,024 $69,864
2023 $17,082 $33,145 $40,933 $67,057
2022 $15,399 $30,932 $35,659 $60,589
2021 $16,216 $29,090 $38,078 $56,852
2020 $13,118 $25,351 $31,823 $49,972
2019 $14,497 $25,612 $32,422 $51,393
2018 $15,659 $25,305 $33,382 $48,178
2017 $14,880 $24,295 $30,317 $45,764
2016 $13,650 $23,257 $26,459 $41,000
2015 $13,434 $22,468 $25,530 $38,369
2014 $14,530 $22,554 $27,425 $35,206
2013 $15,684 $22,201 $25,416 $33,138
2012 $15,242 $21,366 $22,878 $30,716
2011 $14,487 $20,122 $23,517 $29,426
2010 $12,633 $17,918 $21,947 $28,909
2009 $10,099 $15,951 $21,262 $26,782
2008 $10,683 $16,376 $22,406 $26,654
2007 $10,346 $16,698 $19,444 $25,012
2006 $9,319 $15,511 $16,654 $23,219
2005 $7,480 $12,550 $15,831 $22,227
2004 $6,121 $11,612 $15,212 $21,566
2003 $4,773 $10,708 $13,594 $20,813
2002 $4,431 $10,133 $11,251 $19,532
2001 $4,564 $9,776 $10,358 $18,435
2000 $5,053 $9,376 $10,348 $18,214
1999 $4,934 $8,839 $10,609 $16,898
1998 $5,420 $8,850 $10,408 $16,219
1997 $5,742 $8,510 $9,893 $15,465
1996 $5,334 $7,895 $10,062 $14,661
1995 $5,081 $7,232 $9,828 $13,950
1994 $4,012 $6,476 $8,000 $12,938
1993 $3,541 $6,061 $7,296 $12,103
1992 $3,352 $5,563 $8,220 $11,429
1991 $2,798 $4,886 $7,559 $10,784
1990 $2,488 $4,444 $7,192 $10,086
1989 $2,278 - $6,041 -
1988 $2,014 - $5,814 -
1987 $1,767 - $5,084 -
1986 $1,525 - $4,195 -
1985 $1,447 - $3,322 -
1984 $1,636 - $3,333 -
1983 $1,715 - $3,527 -
1982 $1,663 - $3,788 -
1981 $3,012 - $3,898 -
1980 $2,571 - $3,948 -
1979 $1,962 - $3,196 -
1978 $1,465 - $2,559 -
1977 $1,297 - $2,038 -
1976 $971 - $1,727 -
1975 $732 - $1,560 -
1974 $1,579 - $1,245 -
1973 $1,667 - $1,144 -
1972 $1,185 - $976 -
1971 $1,099 - $874 -
1970 $941 - $828 -
1969 $874 - - -
1968 $766 - - -
1967 $764 - - -
1966 $790 - - -
1965 $686 - - -
1964 $686 - - -
1963 $658 - - -
1962 $679 - - -
1961 $594 - - -
1960 $516 - - -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/malta | CC BY

Chile's GDP per capita is $17,995, ranking 67/197, compared to $47,907 in Malta, ranking 28/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Chile ranks 63rd at $36,181, while Malta ranks 25th at $69,864.

Economic indicators

Chile Malta
Gross domestic product
$357B
2025
$27.8B
2025
GDP rank
45/197
2025
118/197
2025
GDP growth
2.46%
2024-2025
3.96%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$17,995
2025
$47,907
2025
GDP per capita rank
67/197
2025
28/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$36,181
2024
$69,864
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
63/197
2024
25/197
2024
Government debt
$149B
2025
$13B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
41.8%
2025
46.8%
2025
Government debt per person
$7,517
2025
$22,407
2025
Government debt per person rank
68/185
2025
30/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$10,041
2026
$22,914
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$487B
2025
$5.35B
2025
Number of millionaires
81,274
2024
n/a
Number of billionaires
6
2026
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
34.3%
2024
24.7%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
2.3%
2024
2.8%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
26.4%
2025
37%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
4.21%
2024-2025
2.36%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
4.75%
2025
n/a
Unemployment rate
8.89%
2025
3.1%
2025
Population
19992079
586345

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Chile
Spending

Debt
Malta
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Chile Malta
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 26.4% 41.8% 37% 46.8%
2024 26.7% 41.7% 37.4% 46%
2023 27.4% 39.4% 35.8% 46.8%
2022 26.7% 37.9% 38.4% 50.1%
2021 33.6% 36.4% 39.5% 49.6%
2020 29.1% 32.4% 42.1% 48.6%
2019 26.5% 28.3% 34.9% 39.2%
2018 25.6% 25.8% 34.5% 41.4%
2017 25.5% 23.7% 32.7% 45.6%
2016 25.4% 21.1% 35.5% 53.1%
2015 25% 17.4% 37.8% 55%
2014 23.9% 15% 39.6% 60.7%
2013 23.1% 12.8% 40.1% 64.9%
2012 23.1% 11.9% 41.7% 65.6%
2011 22.9% 11.1% 41.5% 68.9%
2010 23.5% 8.61% 40.1% 65%
2009 25% 5.84% 41.1% 66%
2008 21.8% 4.92% 42.1% 61.5%
2007 19.3% 3.9% 41.2% 62%
2006 18.7% 5.02% 42.5% 64.5%
2005 20.2% 7.04% 42.5% 70.2%
2004 20.8% 10.3% 42% 70.4%
2003 22.2% 12.6% 45.6% 68.6%
2002 23.2% 15% 43.6% 65.1%
2001 23.2% 14.3% 44.4% 70%
2000 22.9% 13.1% 42.9% 64.4%
1999 23.7% 13.3% - 69.8%
1998 21.9% 12.1% - 66.4%
1997 20.6% 12.8% - 60.8%
1996 20.6% 14.6% - 51.5%
1995 19.5% 17.3% - 45.3%
1994 20.6% 22.6% - -
1993 21.2% 28.1% - -
1992 20.9% 30.5% - -
1991 21.2% 37.1% - -
1990 21% 50.3% - -
1989 19.8% 51.9% - -
1988 21.3% 71.2% - -
1987 22.9% 81.6% - -
1986 26.6% 88.4% - -
1985 28.5% 79.8% - -
1984 30% 56.6% - -
1983 29.2% 45.5% - -
1982 30.1% 20.3% - -
1981 26.4% 14% - -
1980 23.8% 17.4% - -
1979 24.8% 23.2% - -
1978 29.4% 26% - -
1977 30% 16.5% - -
1976 30% 19.5% - -
1975 33.6% 28.4% - -
1974 32.3% 18.8% - -
1973 30.8% 11.1% - -
1972 35% 10.1% - -
1971 27.2% 20% - -
1970 21.1% 26.3% - -
1969 18.7% 21.5% - -
1968 19.3% 17.9% - -
1967 19.1% 14.9% - -
1966 20.5% 12.6% - -
1965 20.5% 12.6% - -
1964 17.8% 9.6% - -
1963 18.9% 9.23% - -
1962 21.3% 6.99% - -
1961 19.5% 7.97% - -
1960 19.7% 7.02% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1990, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/malta | CC BY

In 2025, Chile's government spending was $94.2B, accounting for 26.4% of its GDP, while Malta spent $10.3B, or 37% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 41.8% in Chile and 46.8% in Malta, ranking 126/185 and 113/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Chile

Malta
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Chile Malta
2025 -2.78% -3.1%
2024 -2.82% -3.51%
2023 -2.27% -4.43%
2022 1.36% -5.33%
2021 -7.53% -6.96%
2020 -7.1% -8.71%
2019 -2.73% 0.72%
2018 -1.48% 1.86%
2017 -2.63% 3.4%
2016 -2.66% 1.1%
2015 -2.09% -0.84%
2014 -1.5% -1.49%
2013 -0.47% -2.19%
2012 0.68% -3.31%
2011 1.43% -2.99%
2010 -0.36% -2.22%
2009 -4.26% -3.11%
2008 3.93% -4.06%
2007 7.95% -2.05%
2006 7.51% -2.46%
2005 4.57% -2.83%
2004 2.05% -4.28%
2003 -0.42% -9.04%
2002 -1.17% -5.62%
2001 -0.49% -6.5%
2000 -0.69% -5.83%
1999 -2.02% -
1998 0.39% -
1997 2.04% -
1996 2.07% -
1995 3.1% -
1994 1.44% -
1993 1.42% -
1992 2.11% -
1991 1.54% -
1990 2.25% -
1989 5.31% -
1988 4.07% -
1987 2.36% -
1986 -0.92% -
1985 -2.22% -
1984 -2.95% -
1983 -2.67% -
1982 -1.02% -
1981 2.56% -
1980 5.41% -
1979 4.82% -
1978 -0.11% -
1977 -1.11% -
1976 -0.48% -
1975 -0.41% -
1974 -5.79% -
1973 -7.32% -
1972 -12.7% -
1971 -7.98% -
1970 -1.22% -
1969 0.6% -
1968 -0.79% -
1967 -0.64% -
1966 -1.88% -
1965 -1.64% -
1964 -2.24% -
1963 -3.29% -
1962 -4.31% -
1961 -2.89% -
1960 -3.14% -
1959 1.56% -
1958 -0.1% -
1957 -0.71% -
1956 -1.3% -
1955 -2.79% -
1954 -2.84% -
1953 -4.05% -
1952 -1.82% -
1951 -0.71% -
1950 -0.92% -
1949 1.71% -
1948 2.56% -
1947 -0.2% -
1946 0.12% -
1945 0.73% -
1944 0.25% -
1943 0.81% -
1942 1.51% -
1941 1.9% -
1940 2.64% -
1939 1.74% -
1938 1.25% -
1937 1.42% -
1936 2.62% -
1935 4.23% -
1934 2.42% -
1933 1.76% -
1932 -0.32% -
1931 -2.73% -
1930 1.47% -
1929 1.89% -
1928 4.11% -
1927 -0.17% -
1926 -3.23% -
1925 2.44% -
1924 3.68% -
1923 2.87% -
1922 -0.23% -
1921 -0.57% -
1920 -1.8% -
1919 -2.53% -
1918 0.71% -
1917 0.49% -
1916 0.98% -
1915 -2.13% -
1914 -2.67% -
1913 -2.23% -
1912 -3.29% -
1911 -3.32% -
1910 -3.17% -
1909 -2.26% -
1908 -0.84% -
1907 -2.39% -
1906 -2.8% -
1905 -1.31% -
1904 -1.6% -
1903 -1.35% -
1902 -3.65% -
1901 -3.93% -
1900 -1.89% -
1899 -0.78% -
1898 -3.84% -
1897 -1.78% -
1896 -5.36% -
1895 -2.31% -
1894 0.82% -
1893 -0.59% -
1892 -1.33% -
1891 -6.72% -
1890 -3.65% -
1889 -2.71% -
1888 -0.58% -
1887 -4% -
1886 -5.17% -
1885 -2.46% -
1884 -3.23% -
1883 -3.57% -
1882 -2.86% -
1881 -1.83% -
1880 -2% -
1879 -4.34% -
1878 -2.27% -
1877 -3.88% -
1876 -3.17% -
1875 -3.73% -
1874 -4.75% -
1873 -1.94% -
1872 -1.78% -
1871 -2.38% -
1870 -1.83% -
1869 -1.07% -
1868 -2.85% -
1867 -4.31% -
1866 -5.72% -
1865 -1.95% -
1864 -1.07% -
1863 -0.26% -
1862 -0.13% -
1861 -0.5% -
1860 -0.07% -
1859 -1.6% -
1858 -1.37% -
1857 -0.3% -
1856 0.11% -
1855 0.1% -
1854 -0.2% -
1853 0.27% -
1852 0.68% -
1851 -0.39% -
1850 0.35% -
1849 0.6% -
1848 -0.25% -
1847 0.04% -
1846 0.36% -
1845 -0.21% -
1844 0.48% -
1843 0.69% -
1842 1.1% -
1841 0.31% -
1840 0.34% -
1839 0.25% -
1838 -0.21% -
1837 -0.05% -
1836 -0.17% -
1835 -0.58% -
1834 -0.39% -
1833 -0.45% -
1832 -0.57% -
1831 -0.77% -
1830 -0.51% -
1829 -0.06% -
1828 -0.3% -
1827 0.07% -
1826 -0.08% -
1825 0.05% -
1824 -0.37% -
1823 0.98% -
1822 1.28% -
1821 -0.19% -
1820 0.64% -
1819 0.16% -
1818 1.52% -
1817 0.94% -
1816 1.21% -
1815 1.53% -
1814 1.91% -
1813 2.34% -
1812 2.79% -
1811 3.24% -
1810 3.64% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/malta | CC BY

In 2025, Chile's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $9.94B, equivalent to 2.78% of GDP. This compares to Malta's deficit of $861M, or 3.1% of GDP.

Over the past 26 years, Chile recorded a fiscal deficit in 18 of those years, while Malta ran a deficit in 22 years. On average, Chile posted an annual deficit equal to 0.54% of GDP, compared to deficit of 3.22% of GDP for Malta.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Chile

Malta
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Chile Malta
2025 4.21% 2.36%
2024 4.3% 1.65%
2023 7.58% 5.09%
2022 11.6% 6.15%
2021 4.52% 1.5%
2020 3.05% 0.64%
2019 2.56% 1.64%
2018 2.43% 1.16%
2017 2.18% 1.36%
2016 3.79% 0.64%
2015 4.35% 1.1%
2014 4.72% 0.31%
2013 1.79% 1.18%
2012 3.01% 2.38%
2011 3.34% 2.96%
2010 1.41% 1.52%
2009 0.35% 2.08%
2008 8.72% 4.26%
2007 4.41% 1.25%
2006 3.39% 2.77%
2005 3.05% 3.01%
2004 1.05% 2.79%
2003 2.81% 1.3%
2002 2.49% 2.19%
2001 3.57% 2.93%
2000 3.84% 2.37%
1999 3.34% 2.13%
1998 5.11% 2.39%
1997 6.13% 3.11%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/malta | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Chile has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 3.9%, compared with 2.22% in Malta. In 2025, inflation was 4.21% in Chile and 2.36% in Malta.

Top exports between countries

Chile
Export category Export value
Miscellaneous $22.3M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $957K
Raw agricultural goods $438K
Machinery & equipment $174K
Animal & marine products $167K
Chemicals & pharma $80K
Textiles & consumer goods $14K
Wood & paper products $2K
Precious metals & jewellery $1K
Malta
Export category Export value
Wood & paper products $9.19M
Chemicals & pharma $3.28M
Business & finance services $2.01M
Transport & tourism services $1.91M
Machinery & equipment $461K
Textiles & consumer goods $178K
IT & IP services $118K
Raw agricultural goods $96K
Metals $1K
Miscellaneous $1K

Balance of trade

Chile Malta
Current account balance
-$4.35B
2025
$1.78B
2024
Current account balance ranking
161/190
2025
45/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.22%
2025
+7.1%
2024
Goods imports
$86.5B
2025
$7.56B
2024
Goods exports
$110B
2025
$4.58B
2024
Service imports
$21.9B
2025
$17.4B
2024
Service exports
$13B
2025
$25B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
30.4%
2025
99.9%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
34.6%
2025
119.1%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Chile Malta
Economic freedom 74.3 68.2
Economic freedom ranking 20/197 49/197
Property rights 69.7 85.5
Government integrity 67.8 54.3
Judicial effectiveness 90.3 80.2
Tax burden 72.5 68.5
Government spending 78.2 58.4
Fiscal health 94.1 63.2
Business freedom 78.5 83.2
Labor freedom 56.8 62.6
Monetary freedom 75.1 73.1
Trade freedom 78 79.4
Investment freedom 60 60
Financial freedom 70 50

Economic freedom comparison by year

Chile
Malta
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Chile Malta
2026 74.3 68.2
2025 73.2 66.8
2024 71.4 64.5
2023 71.1 67.5
2022 74.4 71.5
2021 75.2 70.2
2020 76.8 69.5
2019 75.4 68.6
2018 75.2 68.5
2017 76.5 67.7
2016 77.7 66.7
2015 78.5 66.5
2014 78.7 66.4
2013 79 67.5
2012 78.3 67
2011 77.4 65.7
2010 77.2 67.2
2009 78.3 66.1
2008 78.6 66
2007 77.7 66.1
2006 78 67.3
2005 77.8 68.9
2004 76.9 63.3
2003 76 61.1
2002 77.8 62.2
2001 75.1 62.9
2000 74.7 58.3
1999 74.1 59.3
1998 74.9 61.2
1997 75.9 57.9
1996 72.6 55.8
1995 71.2 56.3

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/malta | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Chile is 74.3, ranking 20/197, compared to 68.2 for Malta, ranking 49/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Chile Malta
Services, % of GDP
55.5%
2025
81.3%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
31.4%
2025
10.1%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
3.45%
2025
0.47%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$337B
2025
$24B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$35,730
2025
$64,900
2025
Total reserves including gold
$49.4B
2025
$1.54B
2025
Total reserves ranking
48/177
2025
134/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$5.83B
2025
-$6.13B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$13.1B
2024
$42.6B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$4.04B
2024
$36.5B
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
6.5%
2022
16.7%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
24.1%
2025
18.7%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/malta | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1990, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2021–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.