Skip to content

Economy of Chile vs Zambia compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Chile has a GDP of $357B compared to $28.9B for Zambia, ranking 45/197 and 116/197 by economy size, respectively.

Chile has $149B in government debt (41.8% of GDP), compared to $24.8B (86% of GDP) in Zambia.

Chile vs Zambia GDP by year

Chile
Zambia
1x
Year GDP, current $
Chile Zambia
2025 $357,371,159,575 $28,879,806,220
2024 $329,260,633,699 $25,303,185,342
2023 $335,802,745,366 $27,577,956,471
2022 $301,099,244,104 $29,163,782,140
2021 $315,507,493,783 $22,096,416,932
2020 $254,103,710,483 $18,137,764,931
2019 $278,308,438,545 $23,308,667,781
2018 $295,857,562,992 $26,311,507,274
2017 $276,154,259,981 $25,873,601,261
2016 $249,344,863,928 $20,958,412,538
2015 $242,450,355,831 $21,251,216,799
2014 $259,560,978,224 $27,141,023,558
2013 $277,395,018,842 $28,037,239,463
2012 $267,024,782,487 $25,503,060,420
2011 $251,382,573,894 $23,459,515,276
2010 $217,051,209,239 $20,265,559,484
2009 $171,777,900,624 $15,328,342,304
2008 $179,894,594,475 $17,910,858,638
2007 $172,491,076,034 $14,056,957,976
2006 $153,843,518,171 $12,756,858,899
2005 $122,294,145,163 $8,331,870,169
2004 $99,075,985,774 $6,221,110,219
2003 $76,492,579,644 $4,901,869,764
2002 $70,264,045,939 $4,193,850,445
2001 $71,574,739,561 $4,094,441,301
2000 $78,339,750,721 $3,600,632,111
1999 $75,578,685,736 $3,404,284,891
1998 $81,990,010,704 $3,537,741,942
1997 $85,741,415,285 $4,303,288,480
1996 $78,584,098,984 $3,597,220,962
1995 $73,820,425,702 $3,806,983,413
1994 $57,438,273,591 $3,656,806,166
1993 $49,934,943,321 $3,273,505,344
1992 $46,538,895,686 $3,182,810,841
1991 $38,232,330,917 $3,376,806,697
1990 $33,428,580,448 $3,288,381,797
1989 $30,101,767,991 $3,994,673,161
1988 $26,174,858,614 $3,728,878,149
1987 $22,605,488,851 $2,265,250,972
1986 $19,197,818,085 $1,664,413,508
1985 $17,933,557,360 $2,252,454,500
1984 $19,974,595,028 $2,719,518,933
1983 $20,629,678,694 $3,321,048,451
1982 $19,710,229,067 $3,871,117,093
1981 $35,180,322,211 $4,008,126,497
1980 $29,586,676,576 $3,884,530,854
1979 $22,249,574,628 $3,353,445,378
1978 $16,373,093,554 $2,811,032,473
1977 $14,272,711,437 $2,515,296,940
1976 $10,523,479,089 $2,742,859,263
1975 $7,812,161,793 $2,442,672,141
1974 $16,584,311,220 $2,910,981,262
1973 $17,237,336,173 $2,434,255,237
1972 $12,057,501,635 $1,872,416,680
1971 $10,999,807,567 $1,653,259,341
1970 $9,261,006,540 $1,788,779,285
1969 $8,456,519,044 $1,926,399,230
1968 $7,286,820,526 $1,573,739,371
1967 $7,145,068,068 $1,340,639,464
1966 $7,256,882,086 $1,238,999,505
1965 $6,183,988,944 $1,061,199,576
1964 $6,065,708,668 $822,639,671
1963 $5,702,520,146 $704,339,719
1962 $5,765,971,144 $679,279,729
1961 $4,948,564,551 $682,359,727
1960 $4,211,103,677 $698,739,721

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/zambia | CC BY

GDP per capita in Chile vs Zambia by year

Chile
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Zambia
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Chile Zambia
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $17,995 - $1,318 -
2024 $16,659 $36,181 $1,187 $4,215
2023 $17,082 $33,145 $1,331 $4,077
2022 $15,399 $30,932 $1,447 $3,841
2021 $16,216 $29,090 $1,127 $3,503
2020 $13,118 $25,351 $952 $3,157
2019 $14,497 $25,612 $1,259 $3,361
2018 $15,659 $25,305 $1,464 $3,442
2017 $14,880 $24,295 $1,483 $3,392
2016 $13,650 $23,257 $1,239 $3,313
2015 $13,434 $22,468 $1,296 $3,337
2014 $14,530 $22,554 $1,707 $3,441
2013 $15,684 $22,201 $1,821 $3,477
2012 $15,242 $21,366 $1,710 $3,324
2011 $14,487 $20,122 $1,625 $3,228
2010 $12,633 $17,918 $1,451 $3,098
2009 $10,099 $15,951 $1,136 $2,872
2008 $10,683 $16,376 $1,376 $2,708
2007 $10,346 $16,698 $1,119 $2,555
2006 $9,319 $15,511 $1,052 $2,378
2005 $7,480 $12,550 $711 $2,213
2004 $6,121 $11,612 $549 $2,068
2003 $4,773 $10,708 $446 $1,942
2002 $4,431 $10,133 $394 $1,837
2001 $4,564 $9,776 $397 $1,785
2000 $5,053 $9,376 $359 $1,709
1999 $4,934 $8,839 $350 $1,654
1998 $5,420 $8,850 $373 $1,601
1997 $5,742 $8,510 $466 $1,631
1996 $5,334 $7,895 $400 $1,585
1995 $5,081 $7,232 $433 $1,501
1994 $4,012 $6,476 $426 $1,464
1993 $3,541 $6,061 $391 $1,607
1992 $3,352 $5,563 $389 $1,505
1991 $2,798 $4,886 $423 $1,534
1990 $2,488 $4,444 $422 $1,522
1989 $2,278 - $526 -
1988 $2,014 - $504 -
1987 $1,767 - $315 -
1986 $1,525 - $238.2 -
1985 $1,447 - $332 -
1984 $1,636 - $413 -
1983 $1,715 - $520 -
1982 $1,663 - $627 -
1981 $3,012 - $670 -
1980 $2,571 - $669 -
1979 $1,962 - $595 -
1978 $1,465 - $514 -
1977 $1,297 - $474 -
1976 $971 - $533 -
1975 $732 - $490 -
1974 $1,579 - $601 -
1973 $1,667 - $518 -
1972 $1,185 - $410 -
1971 $1,099 - $372 -
1970 $941 - $414 -
1969 $874 - $459 -
1968 $766 - $387 -
1967 $764 - $341 -
1966 $790 - $325 -
1965 $686 - $287.4 -
1964 $686 - $230 -
1963 $658 - $203.2 -
1962 $679 - $202.3 -
1961 $594 - $209.7 -
1960 $516 - $221.6 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/zambia | CC BY

Chile's GDP per capita is $17,995, ranking 67/197, compared to $1,318 in Zambia, ranking 170/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Chile ranks 63rd at $36,181, while Zambia ranks 166th at $4,215.

Economic indicators

Chile Zambia
Gross domestic product
$357B
2025
$28.9B
2025
GDP rank
45/197
2025
116/197
2025
GDP growth
2.46%
2024-2025
3.76%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$17,995
2025
$1,318
2025
GDP per capita rank
67/197
2025
170/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$36,181
2024
$4,215
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
63/197
2024
166/197
2024
Government debt
$149B
2025
$24.8B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
41.8%
2025
86%
2025
Government debt per person
$7,517
2025
$1,133
2025
Government debt per person rank
68/185
2025
140/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$10,041
2026
$1,538
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$487B
2025
$14.9B
2025
Number of millionaires
81,274
2024
n/a
Number of billionaires
6
2026
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
34.3%
2024
39.1%
2022
Income share by poorest 10%
2.3%
2024
1.5%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
26.4%
2025
29.7%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
4.21%
2024-2025
13.9%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
4.75%
2025
13.3%
2026
Unemployment rate
8.89%
2025
5.67%
2024
Population
19992079
22844606

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Chile
Spending

Debt
Zambia
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Chile Zambia
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 26.4% 41.8% 29.7% 86%
2024 26.7% 41.7% 26.5% 125.2%
2023 27.4% 39.4% 27.4% 129.1%
2022 26.7% 37.9% 28.2% 99.5%
2021 33.6% 36.4% 30.5% 111%
2020 29.1% 32.4% 34% 140%
2019 26.5% 28.3% 29.8% 103.3%
2018 25.6% 25.8% 27.7% 81.2%
2017 25.5% 23.7% 25% 66.6%
2016 25.4% 21.1% 23.9% 61.2%
2015 25% 17.4% 27.6% 61.9%
2014 23.9% 15% 24.3% 33.9%
2013 23.1% 12.8% 24% 25.9%
2012 23.1% 11.9% 21.9% 24.9%
2011 22.9% 11.1% 19.5% 20.8%
2010 23.5% 8.61% 18.1% 18.9%
2009 25% 5.84% 17.8% 20.5%
2008 21.8% 4.92% 19.5% 19.2%
2007 19.3% 3.9% 19.9% 21.9%
2006 18.7% 5.02% 19.7% 25%
2005 20.2% 7.04% 22.5% 75.7%
2004 20.8% 10.3% 23.3% 129.9%
2003 22.2% 12.6% 27.3% 159.5%
2002 23.2% 15% 27.6% 180.2%
2001 23.2% 14.3% 28% 210.2%
2000 22.9% 13.1% 21.4% 261%
1999 23.7% 13.3% - -
1998 21.9% 12.1% - -
1997 20.6% 12.8% - -
1996 20.6% 14.6% - -
1995 19.5% 17.3% - -
1994 20.6% 22.6% - -
1993 21.2% 28.1% - -
1992 20.9% 30.5% - -
1991 21.2% 37.1% - -
1990 21% 50.3% - -
1989 19.8% 51.9% - -
1988 21.3% 71.2% - -
1987 22.9% 81.6% - -
1986 26.6% 88.4% - -
1985 28.5% 79.8% - -
1984 30% 56.6% - -
1983 29.2% 45.5% - -
1982 30.1% 20.3% - -
1981 26.4% 14% - -
1980 23.8% 17.4% - -
1979 24.8% 23.2% - -
1978 29.4% 26% - -
1977 30% 16.5% - -
1976 30% 19.5% - -
1975 33.6% 28.4% - -
1974 32.3% 18.8% - -
1973 30.8% 11.1% - -
1972 35% 10.1% - -
1971 27.2% 20% - -
1970 21.1% 26.3% - -
1969 18.7% 21.5% - -
1968 19.3% 17.9% - -
1967 19.1% 14.9% - -
1966 20.5% 12.6% - -
1965 20.5% 12.6% - -
1964 17.8% 9.6% - -
1963 18.9% 9.23% - -
1962 21.3% 6.99% - -
1961 19.5% 7.97% - -
1960 19.7% 7.02% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1990, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/zambia | CC BY

In 2025, Chile's government spending was $94.2B, accounting for 26.4% of its GDP, while Zambia spent $8.58B, or 29.7% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 41.8% in Chile and 86% in Zambia, ranking 126/185 and 35/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Chile

Zambia
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Chile Zambia
2025 -2.78% -3.83%
2024 -2.82% -3.46%
2023 -2.27% -5.48%
2022 1.36% -7.82%
2021 -7.53% -8.13%
2020 -7.1% -13.8%
2019 -2.73% -9.41%
2018 -1.48% -8.31%
2017 -2.63% -7.5%
2016 -2.66% -5.69%
2015 -2.09% -8.88%
2014 -1.5% -5.43%
2013 -0.47% -6.4%
2012 0.68% -3.16%
2011 1.43% -1.78%
2010 -0.36% -2.43%
2009 -4.26% -2.06%
2008 3.93% -0.67%
2007 7.95% -1.04%
2006 7.51% 16.9%
2005 4.57% -2.37%
2004 2.05% -2.51%
2003 -0.42% -5.31%
2002 -1.17% -4.5%
2001 -0.49% -5.89%
2000 -0.69% 1.16%
1999 -2.02% -
1998 0.39% -
1997 2.04% -
1996 2.07% -
1995 3.1% -
1994 1.44% -
1993 1.42% -
1992 2.11% -
1991 1.54% -
1990 2.25% -
1989 5.31% -
1988 4.07% -
1987 2.36% -
1986 -0.92% -
1985 -2.22% -
1984 -2.95% -
1983 -2.67% -
1982 -1.02% -
1981 2.56% -
1980 5.41% -
1979 4.82% -
1978 -0.11% -
1977 -1.11% -
1976 -0.48% -
1975 -0.41% -
1974 -5.79% -
1973 -7.32% -
1972 -12.7% -
1971 -7.98% -
1970 -1.22% -
1969 0.6% -
1968 -0.79% -
1967 -0.64% -
1966 -1.88% -
1965 -1.64% -
1964 -2.24% -
1963 -3.29% -
1962 -4.31% -
1961 -2.89% -
1960 -3.14% -
1959 1.56% -
1958 -0.1% -
1957 -0.71% -
1956 -1.3% -
1955 -2.79% -
1954 -2.84% -
1953 -4.05% -
1952 -1.82% -
1951 -0.71% -
1950 -0.92% -
1949 1.71% -
1948 2.56% -
1947 -0.2% -
1946 0.12% -
1945 0.73% -
1944 0.25% -
1943 0.81% -
1942 1.51% -
1941 1.9% -
1940 2.64% -
1939 1.74% -
1938 1.25% -
1937 1.42% -
1936 2.62% -
1935 4.23% -
1934 2.42% -
1933 1.76% -
1932 -0.32% -
1931 -2.73% -
1930 1.47% -
1929 1.89% -
1928 4.11% -
1927 -0.17% -
1926 -3.23% -
1925 2.44% -
1924 3.68% -
1923 2.87% -
1922 -0.23% -
1921 -0.57% -
1920 -1.8% -
1919 -2.53% -
1918 0.71% -
1917 0.49% -
1916 0.98% -
1915 -2.13% -
1914 -2.67% -
1913 -2.23% -
1912 -3.29% -
1911 -3.32% -
1910 -3.17% -
1909 -2.26% -
1908 -0.84% -
1907 -2.39% -
1906 -2.8% -
1905 -1.31% -
1904 -1.6% -
1903 -1.35% -
1902 -3.65% -
1901 -3.93% -
1900 -1.89% -
1899 -0.78% -
1898 -3.84% -
1897 -1.78% -
1896 -5.36% -
1895 -2.31% -
1894 0.82% -
1893 -0.59% -
1892 -1.33% -
1891 -6.72% -
1890 -3.65% -
1889 -2.71% -
1888 -0.58% -
1887 -4% -
1886 -5.17% -
1885 -2.46% -
1884 -3.23% -
1883 -3.57% -
1882 -2.86% -
1881 -1.83% -
1880 -2% -
1879 -4.34% -
1878 -2.27% -
1877 -3.88% -
1876 -3.17% -
1875 -3.73% -
1874 -4.75% -
1873 -1.94% -
1872 -1.78% -
1871 -2.38% -
1870 -1.83% -
1869 -1.07% -
1868 -2.85% -
1867 -4.31% -
1866 -5.72% -
1865 -1.95% -
1864 -1.07% -
1863 -0.26% -
1862 -0.13% -
1861 -0.5% -
1860 -0.07% -
1859 -1.6% -
1858 -1.37% -
1857 -0.3% -
1856 0.11% -
1855 0.1% -
1854 -0.2% -
1853 0.27% -
1852 0.68% -
1851 -0.39% -
1850 0.35% -
1849 0.6% -
1848 -0.25% -
1847 0.04% -
1846 0.36% -
1845 -0.21% -
1844 0.48% -
1843 0.69% -
1842 1.1% -
1841 0.31% -
1840 0.34% -
1839 0.25% -
1838 -0.21% -
1837 -0.05% -
1836 -0.17% -
1835 -0.58% -
1834 -0.39% -
1833 -0.45% -
1832 -0.57% -
1831 -0.77% -
1830 -0.51% -
1829 -0.06% -
1828 -0.3% -
1827 0.07% -
1826 -0.08% -
1825 0.05% -
1824 -0.37% -
1823 0.98% -
1822 1.28% -
1821 -0.19% -
1820 0.64% -
1819 0.16% -
1818 1.52% -
1817 0.94% -
1816 1.21% -
1815 1.53% -
1814 1.91% -
1813 2.34% -
1812 2.79% -
1811 3.24% -
1810 3.64% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/zambia | CC BY

In 2025, Chile's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $9.94B, equivalent to 2.78% of GDP. This compares to Zambia's deficit of $1.11B, or 3.83% of GDP.

Over the past 26 years, Chile recorded a fiscal deficit in 18 of those years, while Zambia ran a deficit in 24 years. On average, Chile posted an annual deficit equal to 0.54% of GDP, compared to deficit of 4.14% of GDP for Zambia.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Chile

Zambia
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Chile Zambia
2025 4.21% 13.9%
2024 4.3% 15%
2023 7.58% 10.9%
2022 11.6% 11%
2021 4.52% 22%
2020 3.05% 15.7%
2019 2.56% 9.2%
2018 2.43% 7.5%
2017 2.18% 6.6%
2016 3.79% 17.9%
2015 4.35% 10.1%
2014 4.72% 7.8%
2013 1.79% 7%
2012 3.01% 6.6%
2011 3.34% 8.7%
2010 1.41% 8.5%
2009 0.35% 13.4%
2008 8.72% 12.4%
2007 4.41% 10.7%
2006 3.39% 9%
2005 3.05% 18.3%
2004 1.05% 18%
2003 2.81% 21.4%
2002 2.49% 22.2%
2001 3.57% 21.4%
2000 3.84% 24.1%
1999 3.34% 23.9%
1998 5.11% 22.7%
1997 6.13% 21.4%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/zambia | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Chile has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 3.9%, compared with 14.4% in Zambia. In 2025, inflation was 4.21% in Chile and 13.9% in Zambia.

Top exports between countries

Chile
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $1.79M
Metals $755K
Chemicals & pharma $745K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $36K
Miscellaneous $21K
Textiles & consumer goods $3K
Raw materials & minerals $1K
Zambia
Export category Export value
Metals $1.2M
Machinery & equipment $76K
Miscellaneous $25K
Animal & marine products $2K

Balance of trade

Chile Zambia
Current account balance
-$4.35B
2025
-$1.12B
2024
Current account balance ranking
161/190
2025
121/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.22%
2025
-4.41%
2024
Goods imports
$86.5B
2025
$10.1B
2024
Goods exports
$110B
2025
$11.4B
2024
Service imports
$21.9B
2025
$1.99B
2024
Service exports
$13B
2025
$1.38B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
30.4%
2025
27.6%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
34.6%
2025
35%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Chile Zambia
Economic freedom 74.3 51.9
Economic freedom ranking 20/197 152/197
Property rights 69.7 43.9
Government integrity 67.8 39.3
Judicial effectiveness 90.3 45
Tax burden 72.5 74.3
Government spending 78.2 78.1
Fiscal health 94.1 30.9
Business freedom 78.5 53.4
Labor freedom 56.8 48.8
Monetary freedom 75.1 66.6
Trade freedom 78 62.8
Investment freedom 60 40
Financial freedom 70 40

Economic freedom comparison by year

Chile
Zambia
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Chile Zambia
2026 74.3 51.9
2025 73.2 50.9
2024 71.4 48.4
2023 71.1 47.8
2022 74.4 48.7
2021 75.2 50.4
2020 76.8 53.5
2019 75.4 53.6
2018 75.2 54.3
2017 76.5 55.8
2016 77.7 58.8
2015 78.5 58.7
2014 78.7 60.4
2013 79 58.7
2012 78.3 58.3
2011 77.4 59.7
2010 77.2 58
2009 78.3 56.6
2008 78.6 56.2
2007 77.7 56.2
2006 78 56.8
2005 77.8 55
2004 76.9 54.9
2003 76 55.3
2002 77.8 59.6
2001 75.1 59.5
2000 74.7 62.8
1999 74.1 64.2
1998 74.9 62.7
1997 75.9 62.1
1996 72.6 59.6
1995 71.2 55.1

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/zambia | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Chile is 74.3, ranking 20/197, compared to 51.9 for Zambia, ranking 152/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Chile Zambia
Services, % of GDP
55.5%
2025
57%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
31.4%
2025
35.3%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
3.45%
2025
4.11%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$337B
2025
$26.2B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$35,730
2025
$3,990
2025
Total reserves including gold
$49.4B
2025
$4.09B
2024
Total reserves ranking
48/177
2025
111/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$5.83B
2025
-$2.05B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$13.1B
2024
$2.36B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$4.04B
2024
$311M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
17.3%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
6.5%
2022
60%
2022
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
24.1%
2025
23.8%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/zambia | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Help us show the world through your eyes

Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.

Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1990, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2020–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.