The Seychelles has a GDP of $2.39B compared to $25.9B for Trinidad and Tobago, ranking 177/197 and 122/197 by economy size, respectively.
The Seychelles has $1.23B in government debt (51.5% of GDP), compared to $21.8B (84.2% of GDP) in Trinidad and Tobago.
Seychelles vs Trinidad and Tobago GDP by year
| Year | GDP, current $ | |
|---|---|---|
Seychelles
|
Trinidad
|
|
| 2025 | $2,387,022,853 | $25,942,749,718 |
| 2024 | $2,228,608,684 | $25,633,544,529 |
| 2023 | $2,171,547,935 | $25,036,993,423 |
| 2022 | $1,999,888,599 | $28,341,164,301 |
| 2021 | $1,487,173,795 | $24,222,963,263 |
| 2020 | $1,382,551,752 | $20,888,515,184 |
| 2019 | $1,868,690,097 | $23,477,745,792 |
| 2018 | $1,784,313,927 | $23,883,058,083 |
| 2017 | $1,675,370,641 | $23,830,750,901 |
| 2016 | $1,568,513,348 | $23,624,322,193 |
| 2015 | $1,432,403,352 | $26,841,141,793 |
| 2014 | $1,387,577,870 | $29,474,180,005 |
| 2013 | $1,333,160,407 | $28,560,537,057 |
| 2012 | $1,089,407,839 | $27,147,349,937 |
| 2011 | $1,058,918,707 | $25,433,007,437 |
| 2010 | $981,616,542 | $22,157,920,592 |
| 2009 | $850,901,620 | $19,172,165,226 |
| 2008 | $979,597,394 | $27,871,587,350 |
| 2007 | $1,077,308,814 | $21,641,620,050 |
| 2006 | $1,081,441,283 | $18,369,361,094 |
| 2005 | $977,899,382 | $15,982,389,018 |
| 2004 | $893,012,218 | $13,280,291,990 |
| 2003 | $750,847,230 | $11,305,459,802 |
| 2002 | $742,134,838 | $9,008,298,229 |
| 2001 | $662,064,156 | $8,824,849,191 |
| 2000 | $654,212,394 | $8,154,342,116 |
| 1999 | $662,838,615 | $6,808,982,521 |
| 1998 | $647,287,376 | $6,043,686,654 |
| 1997 | $598,966,982 | $5,737,771,523 |
| 1996 | $535,250,347 | $5,759,570,336 |
| 1995 | $540,733,048 | $5,329,217,747 |
| 1994 | $517,570,058 | $4,947,181,646 |
| 1993 | $504,230,621 | $4,669,491,134 |
| 1992 | $461,409,399 | $5,439,552,941 |
| 1991 | $398,307,170 | $5,307,905,882 |
| 1990 | $392,163,561 | $5,068,000,000 |
| 1989 | $324,333,367 | $4,323,058,824 |
| 1988 | $301,985,618 | $4,496,910,569 |
| 1987 | $265,212,957 | $4,797,777,778 |
| 1986 | $221,147,061 | $4,794,444,444 |
| 1985 | $179,691,483 | $7,375,918,367 |
| 1984 | $160,992,921 | $7,757,083,333 |
| 1983 | $156,098,237 | $7,763,750,000 |
| 1982 | $157,211,790 | $8,140,416,667 |
| 1981 | $163,750,728 | $6,992,083,333 |
| 1980 | $156,783,830 | $6,235,833,333 |
| 1979 | $127,261,099 | $4,602,416,625 |
| 1978 | $85,552,366 | $3,562,333,458 |
| 1977 | $64,526,401 | $3,138,666,667 |
| 1976 | $49,278,982 | $2,500,424,955 |
| 1975 | $47,803,146 | $2,442,669,825 |
| 1974 | $43,134,496 | $2,042,001,071 |
| 1973 | $36,896,280 | $1,308,785,431 |
| 1972 | $30,645,123 | $1,083,391,758 |
| 1971 | $21,965,951 | $896,765,215 |
| 1970 | $18,432,032 | $821,850,000 |
| 1969 | $16,452,028 | $779,200,000 |
| 1968 | $16,074,028 | $758,899,950 |
| 1967 | $16,632,032 | $761,981,912 |
| 1966 | $16,443,034 | $723,739,857 |
| 1965 | $15,603,032 | $736,573,159 |
| 1964 | $15,393,032 | $711,897,520 |
| 1963 | $13,923,029 | $678,239,329 |
| 1962 | $12,642,026 | $619,322,810 |
| 1961 | $11,592,024 | $584,964,621 |
| 1960 | $12,012,025 | $535,673,252 |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/seychelles/trinidad-and-tobago | CC BY 
GDP per capita in Seychelles vs Trinidad and Tobago by year
| Year | Current $ | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Seychelles
|
Trinidad
|
|||
| GDP per capita | GDP per capita, PPP | GDP per capita | GDP per capita, PPP | |
| 2025 | $19,449 | - | $18,967 | - |
| 2024 | $18,365 | $33,239 | $18,733 | $36,329 |
| 2023 | $18,131 | $31,781 | $18,308 | $34,623 |
| 2022 | $16,683 | $29,973 | $20,751 | $32,979 |
| 2021 | $14,983 | $29,980 | $17,713 | $30,482 |
| 2020 | $14,041 | $31,056 | $15,284 | $26,731 |
| 2019 | $19,142 | $34,219 | $17,213 | $29,316 |
| 2018 | $18,440 | $32,091 | $17,571 | $28,673 |
| 2017 | $17,480 | $30,675 | $17,566 | $28,484 |
| 2016 | $16,567 | $28,811 | $17,449 | $28,232 |
| 2015 | $15,333 | $25,435 | $19,887 | $29,825 |
| 2014 | $15,188 | $24,985 | $21,908 | $32,027 |
| 2013 | $14,821 | $22,487 | $21,305 | $31,746 |
| 2012 | $12,337 | $22,264 | $20,332 | $31,883 |
| 2011 | $12,110 | $21,781 | $19,151 | $31,078 |
| 2010 | $10,935 | $18,982 | $16,815 | $30,778 |
| 2009 | $9,747 | $18,453 | $14,634 | $29,602 |
| 2008 | $11,265 | $18,881 | $21,299 | $30,807 |
| 2007 | $12,669 | $19,473 | $16,607 | $29,355 |
| 2006 | $12,783 | $17,503 | $14,153 | $27,393 |
| 2005 | $11,802 | $15,846 | $12,346 | $23,536 |
| 2004 | $10,828 | $14,160 | $9,871 | $20,674 |
| 2003 | $9,070 | $14,142 | $8,445 | $18,743 |
| 2002 | $8,864 | $14,570 | $6,763 | $16,141 |
| 2001 | $8,153 | $14,615 | $6,657 | $14,797 |
| 2000 | $8,064 | $14,638 | $6,179 | $13,953 |
| 1999 | $8,243 | $13,853 | $5,179 | $12,812 |
| 1998 | $8,210 | $13,675 | $4,613 | $11,735 |
| 1997 | $7,747 | $13,458 | $4,394 | $10,769 |
| 1996 | $7,004 | $11,931 | $4,427 | $9,883 |
| 1995 | $7,181 | $10,809 | $4,115 | $9,099 |
| 1994 | $6,975 | $10,692 | $3,840 | $8,631 |
| 1993 | $6,979 | $11,020 | $3,647 | $8,209 |
| 1992 | $6,520 | $10,243 | $4,277 | $8,129 |
| 1991 | $5,655 | $9,387 | $4,205 | $7,274 |
| 1990 | $5,642 | $8,955 | $4,047 | $6,878 |
| 1989 | $4,689 | - | $3,482 | - |
| 1988 | $4,392 | - | $3,656 | - |
| 1987 | $3,872 | - | $3,941 | - |
| 1986 | $3,368 | - | $3,985 | - |
| 1985 | $2,754 | - | $6,212 | - |
| 1984 | $2,488 | - | $6,613 | - |
| 1983 | $2,426 | - | $6,690 | - |
| 1982 | $2,441 | - | $7,091 | - |
| 1981 | $2,557 | - | $6,160 | - |
| 1980 | $2,478 | - | $5,559 | - |
| 1979 | $2,030 | - | $4,155 | - |
| 1978 | $1,377 | - | $3,258 | - |
| 1977 | $1,044 | - | $2,907 | - |
| 1976 | $814 | - | $2,345 | - |
| 1975 | $806 | - | $2,319 | - |
| 1974 | $745 | - | $1,962 | - |
| 1973 | $649 | - | $1,273 | - |
| 1972 | $547 | - | $1,067 | - |
| 1971 | $402 | - | $894 | - |
| 1970 | $344 | - | $829 | - |
| 1969 | $314 | - | $795 | - |
| 1968 | $314 | - | $783 | - |
| 1967 | $333 | - | $797 | - |
| 1966 | $338 | - | $768 | - |
| 1965 | $328 | - | $793 | - |
| 1964 | $332 | - | $780 | - |
| 1963 | $308 | - | $756 | - |
| 1962 | $287 | - | $704 | - |
| 1961 | $270.3 | - | $678 | - |
| 1960 | $288.1 | - | $634 | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/seychelles/trinidad-and-tobago | CC BY
The Seychelles' GDP per capita is $19,449, ranking 64/197, compared to $18,967 in Trinidad and Tobago, ranking 65/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), the Seychelles ranks 67th at $33,239, while Trinidad and Tobago ranks 62nd at $36,329.
Economic indicators
|
Seychelles
|
Trinidad
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Gross domestic product |
$2.39B
2025 |
$25.9B
2025 |
| GDP rank |
177/197
2025 |
122/197
2025 |
| GDP growth |
5.8%
2024-2025 |
-0.79%
2024-2025 |
| GDP per capita |
$19,449
2025 |
$18,967
2025 |
| GDP per capita rank |
64/197
2025 |
65/197
2025 |
| GDP per capita, PPP |
$33,239
2024 |
$36,329
2024 |
| GDP per capita PPP rank |
67/197
2024 |
62/197
2024 |
| Government debt |
$1.23B
2025 |
$21.8B
2025 |
| Debt-to-GDP ratio |
51.5%
2025 |
84.2%
2025 |
| Government debt per person |
$10,019
2025 |
$15,965
2025 |
| Government debt per person rank |
59/185
2025 |
43/185
2025 |
| Average annual personal income after taxes |
$11,537
2026 |
$10,176
2026 |
| Market capitalization of domestic companies |
$646M
2025 |
$3.89B
2001 |
| Income share by richest 10% |
23.9%
2018 |
29.9%
1992 |
| Income share by poorest 10% |
2.6%
2018 |
2.1%
1992 |
| Government expenditure, % of GDP |
32.7%
2025 |
32.4%
2025 |
| Consumer prices inflation |
0.3%
2024-2025 |
0.99%
2024-2025 |
| Central bank interest rate |
1.75%
2024 |
3.5%
2020 |
| Unemployment rate |
2.59%
2024 |
4.01%
2024 |
| Population |
125859
|
1370916
|
Spending and national debt comparison by year
| Year | % of GDP | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Seychelles
|
Trinidad
|
|||
| Government spending | Government debt | Government spending | Government debt | |
| 2025 | 32.7% | 51.5% | 32.4% | 84.2% |
| 2024 | 33% | 56.1% | 32.2% | 81.8% |
| 2023 | 33.1% | 55.1% | 32.4% | 78.2% |
| 2022 | 31.6% | 60.6% | 28.3% | 69.9% |
| 2021 | 38.8% | 71% | 31.4% | 80.2% |
| 2020 | 46.7% | 77.4% | 35.1% | 81.6% |
| 2019 | 31.7% | 48.9% | 31% | 62.9% |
| 2018 | 33% | 51.3% | 30.2% | 58.1% |
| 2017 | 34.3% | 56.7% | 30.9% | 57.2% |
| 2016 | 34.5% | 64.3% | 31.2% | 53.3% |
| 2015 | 31.5% | 75.4% | 34.1% | 43.2% |
| 2014 | 33.4% | 70.4% | 33% | 37.1% |
| 2013 | 37.8% | 68.2% | 31.7% | 32.9% |
| 2012 | 38.6% | 80.1% | 29.9% | 32.9% |
| 2011 | 36.4% | 82.5% | 30.4% | 39.2% |
| 2010 | 34.6% | 82.2% | 31.5% | 28.9% |
| 2009 | 32.1% | 106.1% | 33.4% | 34.2% |
| 2008 | 27% | 192.1% | 28.2% | 24.6% |
| 2007 | 41.9% | 144% | 26.8% | 29.4% |
| 2006 | 43.6% | 135.1% | 34.6% | 32.7% |
| 2005 | 39% | 144.1% | 29.5% | 36.6% |
| 2004 | 39.9% | 163.2% | 23.3% | 43.3% |
| 2003 | 44.6% | 177% | 23.5% | 52.4% |
| 2002 | 56.3% | 195.9% | 24.6% | 58.2% |
| 2001 | 46.8% | 199.8% | 25.2% | 54.2% |
| 2000 | 55.4% | 177.8% | 24.1% | 52.3% |
| 1999 | 56.1% | 159.8% | 24.8% | 55.2% |
| 1998 | 60.7% | 161.2% | 27.3% | 47.4% |
| 1997 | 54.7% | 143% | 27.4% | 51.3% |
| 1996 | 59.1% | 146.7% | 28.2% | 51.9% |
| 1995 | 53.1% | 133.5% | 26.7% | 57.3% |
| 1994 | 63.6% | 123.5% | 26.5% | 64.8% |
| 1993 | 60.4% | 82.2% | 27.3% | 59.6% |
| 1992 | 50.7% | 79.9% | 28.8% | 49.5% |
| 1991 | 52.1% | 89.2% | 30% | 50% |
| 1990 | 46.1% | 80.4% | 27.9% | 49.5% |
| 1989 | 51.7% | 39.9% | 30.9% | 51.9% |
| 1988 | 46.7% | 41.3% | 45.3% | 65.3% |
| 1987 | 49.7% | 37% | - | - |
| 1986 | 58% | 31.5% | - | - |
| 1985 | 53% | 26.5% | - | - |
| 1984 | 50.5% | 15.3% | - | - |
| 1983 | 47.9% | 12.4% | - | - |
Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1983–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/seychelles/trinidad-and-tobago | CC BY
In 2025, the Seychelles' government spending was $781M, accounting for 32.7% of its GDP, while Trinidad and Tobago spent $8.39B, or 32.4% of GDP.
Debt-to-GDP ratio is 51.5% in the Seychelles and 84.2% in Trinidad and Tobago, ranking 102/185 and 37/185, respectively.
Government deficit by year
| Year | Deficit/surplus, % of GDP | |
|---|---|---|
|
Seychelles
|
Trinidad
|
|
| 2025 | -0.99% | -5.46% |
| 2024 | -0.68% | -5.92% |
| 2023 | -1.15% | -1.2% |
| 2022 | -0.77% | 0.96% |
| 2021 | -5.76% | -8.39% |
| 2020 | -15.7% | -11.8% |
| 2019 | 0.42% | -3.72% |
| 2018 | -0.8% | -5.89% |
| 2017 | -1.67% | -10.5% |
| 2016 | 0.02% | -9.84% |
| 2015 | 1.39% | -7.37% |
| 2014 | 2.87% | -4.34% |
| 2013 | 0.33% | -2.7% |
| 2012 | 2.93% | -1.28% |
| 2011 | 3.36% | -0.69% |
| 2010 | 0.52% | 0.14% |
| 2009 | 4.84% | -4.88% |
| 2008 | 7.88% | 5.7% |
| 2007 | -9.93% | 3.24% |
| 2006 | -2.54% | -0.3% |
| 2005 | 0.42% | 0.84% |
| 2004 | 0.44% | 1.91% |
| 2003 | 3.4% | 1.9% |
| 2002 | -16.3% | -0.2% |
| 2001 | -8.93% | 0.62% |
| 2000 | -14.7% | 0.18% |
| 1999 | -10.3% | -0.9% |
| 1998 | -16.7% | -1.83% |
| 1997 | -5.91% | 0.11% |
| 1996 | -9.69% | -0.46% |
| 1995 | -2.58% | 0.17% |
| 1994 | -6.95% | -0.02% |
| 1993 | -3.62% | 0.24% |
| 1992 | 6.44% | -2.76% |
| 1991 | 3.15% | -0.21% |
| 1990 | 11.9% | -1.32% |
| 1989 | 8.26% | -4.46% |
| 1988 | 11.8% | -9.34% |
| 1987 | 2.77% | - |
| 1986 | -10.1% | - |
| 1985 | -4.86% | - |
| 1984 | -6.09% | - |
| 1983 | -3.13% | - |
Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1983–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/seychelles/trinidad-and-tobago | CC BY
In 2025, the Seychelles' government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $23.5M, equivalent to 0.99% of GDP. This compares to Trinidad and Tobago's deficit of $1.42B, or 5.46% of GDP.
Over the past 38 years, the Seychelles recorded a fiscal deficit in 20 of those years, while Trinidad and Tobago ran a deficit in 26 years. On average, the Seychelles posted an annual deficit equal to 1.72% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.36% of GDP for Trinidad and Tobago.
Inflation comparison by year
| Year | Consumer prices inflation | |
|---|---|---|
|
Seychelles
|
Trinidad
|
|
| 2025 | 0.3% | 0.99% |
| 2024 | 0.31% | 0.53% |
| 2023 | -1.04% | 4.63% |
| 2022 | 2.63% | 5.83% |
| 2021 | 9.77% | 2.06% |
| 2020 | 1.2% | 0.6% |
| 2019 | 1.81% | 1% |
| 2018 | 3.7% | 1.02% |
| 2017 | 2.86% | 1.88% |
| 2016 | -1.02% | 3.07% |
| 2015 | 4.04% | 4.66% |
| 2014 | 1.39% | 5.68% |
| 2013 | 4.34% | 5.2% |
| 2012 | 7.11% | 9.26% |
| 2011 | 2.56% | 5.11% |
| 2010 | -2.4% | 10.5% |
| 2009 | 31.8% | 6.98% |
| 2008 | 37% | 12% |
| 2007 | 5.32% | 7.89% |
| 2006 | -0.35% | 8.33% |
| 2005 | 0.91% | 6.87% |
| 2004 | 3.86% | 3.72% |
| 2003 | 3.3% | 3.81% |
| 2002 | 0.18% | 4.15% |
| 2001 | 5.97% | 5.54% |
| 2000 | 6.27% | 3.56% |
| 1999 | 6.35% | 3.44% |
| 1998 | 2.58% | 5.61% |
| 1997 | 0.62% | 3.63% |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/seychelles/trinidad-and-tobago | CC BY
Over the past 29 years, the Seychelles has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 4.87%, compared with 4.75% in Trinidad and Tobago. In 2025, inflation was 0.3% in the Seychelles and 0.99% in Trinidad and Tobago.
Top exports between countries
|
Seychelles
|
|
|---|---|
| Export category | Export value |
|
Trinidad
|
|
|---|---|
| Export category | Export value |
| Processed food, beverages & tobacco | $19K |
Balance of trade
|
Seychelles
|
Trinidad
|
|
|---|---|---|
|
Current account balance
|
-$166M
2024 |
$1.25B
2025 |
| Current account balance ranking |
90/190
2024 |
48/190
2025 |
| Current account balance, % of GDP |
-7.46%
2024 |
+4.81%
2025 |
| Goods imports |
$1.38B
2024 |
$6.83B
2025 |
| Goods exports |
$595M
2024 |
$10.2B
2025 |
| Service imports |
$1B
2024 |
$2.8B
2025 |
| Service exports |
$1.71B
2024 |
$1.27B
2025 |
| Imports of goods and services, % of GDP |
92.7%
2025 |
n/a |
| Exports of goods and services, % of GDP |
79.6%
2025 |
45%
2026 |
Economic freedom indices
The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.
|
Seychelles
|
Trinidad
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Economic freedom | 66.5 | 62.4 |
| Economic freedom ranking | 60/197 | 87/197 |
| Property rights | 82.6 | 47.3 |
| Government integrity | 71.7 | 45.5 |
| Judicial effectiveness | 61.7 | 58.8 |
| Tax burden | 77.3 | 76.1 |
| Government spending | 68 | 71.1 |
| Fiscal health | 92.2 | 86.3 |
| Business freedom | 71.3 | 67.1 |
| Labor freedom | 52 | 57.2 |
| Monetary freedom | 79.8 | 81 |
| Trade freedom | 81.2 | 68.8 |
| Investment freedom | 30 | 50 |
| Financial freedom | 30 | 40 |
Economic freedom comparison by year
| Year | Economic freedom index | |
|---|---|---|
|
Seychelles
|
Trinidad
|
|
| 2026 | 66.5 | 62.4 |
| 2025 | 66.4 | 63.6 |
| 2024 | 60.4 | 60.4 |
| 2023 | 59.5 | 59.5 |
| 2022 | 61.1 | 58.8 |
| 2021 | 66.3 | 59 |
| 2020 | 64.3 | 58.3 |
| 2019 | 61.4 | 57 |
| 2018 | 61.6 | 57.7 |
| 2017 | 61.8 | 61.2 |
| 2016 | 62.2 | 62.9 |
| 2015 | 57.5 | 64.1 |
| 2014 | 56.2 | 62.7 |
| 2013 | 54.9 | 62.3 |
| 2012 | 53 | 64.4 |
| 2011 | 51.2 | 66.5 |
| 2010 | 47.9 | 65.7 |
| 2009 | 47.8 | 68 |
| 2008 | - | 69.5 |
| 2007 | - | 70.6 |
| 2006 | - | 70.4 |
| 2005 | - | 71.5 |
| 2004 | - | 71.3 |
| 2003 | - | 68.8 |
| 2002 | - | 70.1 |
| 2001 | - | 71.8 |
| 2000 | - | 74.5 |
| 1999 | - | 72.4 |
| 1998 | - | 72 |
| 1997 | - | 71.3 |
| 1996 | - | 69.2 |
Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1996–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/seychelles/trinidad-and-tobago | CC BY
The Economic Freedom Index for the Seychelles is 66.5, ranking 60/197, compared to 62.4 for Trinidad and Tobago, ranking 87/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.
Other economic metrics
|
Seychelles
|
Trinidad
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Services, % of GDP |
67.9%
2025 |
59.2%
2024 |
| Industry, % of GDP |
14.3%
2025 |
34.6%
2024 |
| Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP |
2.61%
2025 |
0.78%
2024 |
|
GNI, Atlas method
|
$2.36B
2025 |
$25.4B
2025 |
| GNI per capita, PPP |
$34,930
2025 |
$36,080
2025 |
| Total reserves including gold |
$774M
2024 |
$5.6B
2024 |
| Total reserves ranking |
146/177
2024 |
99/177
2024 |
|
Net foreign direct investment
|
-$268M
2024 |
$404M
2025 |
|
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
|
$226M
2024 |
-$453M
2024 |
|
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
|
-$41.4M
2024 |
$527M
2024 |
| Poverty at national poverty lines |
25.3%
2018 |
20%
2020 |
|
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
|
18.7%
2025 |
19%
2023 |
GDP per capita map
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/seychelles/trinidad-and-tobago | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1996–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1983–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- TradeMap (2023, retrieved 2026-07-08)
Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.
The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.
Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.
A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).
Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.
Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.
Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.