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Economy of Mexico vs Trinidad and Tobago compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Mexico has a GDP of $1.83T compared to $25.9B for Trinidad and Tobago, ranking 14/197 and 122/197 by economy size, respectively.

Mexico has $1.13T in government debt (61.8% of GDP), compared to $21.8B (84.2% of GDP) in Trinidad and Tobago.

Mexico vs Trinidad and Tobago GDP by year

Mexico
Trinidad and Tobago
1x
Year GDP, current $
Mexico Trinidad
2025 $1,832,641,364,776 $25,942,749,718
2024 $1,830,489,311,089 $25,633,544,529
2023 $1,794,410,347,718 $25,036,993,423
2022 $1,466,934,724,243 $28,341,164,301
2021 $1,316,569,466,834 $24,222,963,263
2020 $1,121,064,767,169 $20,888,515,184
2019 $1,304,106,204,006 $23,477,745,792
2018 $1,256,300,182,984 $23,883,058,083
2017 $1,190,721,475,853 $23,830,750,901
2016 $1,112,233,497,453 $23,624,322,193
2015 $1,213,294,467,654 $26,841,141,793
2014 $1,364,507,717,689 $29,474,180,005
2013 $1,327,436,290,439 $28,560,537,057
2012 $1,255,110,424,742 $27,147,349,937
2011 $1,229,013,703,417 $25,433,007,437
2010 $1,105,424,238,652 $22,157,920,592
2009 $943,437,414,951 $19,172,165,226
2008 $1,161,553,459,985 $27,871,587,350
2007 $1,102,355,554,880 $21,641,620,050
2006 $1,020,265,057,882 $18,369,361,094
2005 $917,571,853,437 $15,982,389,018
2004 $819,459,227,375 $13,280,291,990
2003 $765,549,967,889 $11,305,459,802
2002 $810,666,116,402 $9,008,298,229
2001 $796,064,590,549 $8,824,849,191
2000 $742,061,329,749 $8,154,342,116
1999 $631,249,359,702 $6,808,982,521
1998 $557,461,102,631 $6,043,686,654
1997 $523,449,530,464 $5,737,771,523
1996 $432,157,945,024 $5,759,570,336
1995 $380,157,469,867 $5,329,217,747
1994 $553,618,247,901 $4,947,181,646
1993 $530,160,763,663 $4,669,491,134
1992 $363,157,832,924 $5,439,552,941
1991 $313,139,656,146 $5,307,905,882
1990 $261,253,675,693 $5,068,000,000
1989 $221,403,098,267 $4,323,058,824
1988 $181,611,150,497 $4,496,910,569
1987 $147,542,558,209 $4,797,777,778
1986 $134,556,034,673 $4,794,444,444
1985 $195,241,069,482 $7,375,918,367
1984 $184,230,754,105 $7,757,083,333
1983 $156,167,000,433 $7,763,750,000
1982 $184,602,611,610 $8,140,416,667
1981 $263,797,827,860 $6,992,083,333
1980 $205,577,055,466 $6,235,833,333
1979 $134,531,900,899 $4,602,416,625
1978 $102,648,570,299 $3,562,333,458
1977 $81,912,018,784 $3,138,666,667
1976 $88,875,923,765 $2,500,424,955
1975 $88,000,000,000 $2,442,669,825
1974 $72,000,000,000 $2,042,001,071
1973 $55,280,000,000 $1,308,785,431
1972 $45,200,000,000 $1,083,391,758
1971 $39,200,000,000 $896,765,215
1970 $35,520,000,000 $821,850,000
1969 $32,480,000,000 $779,200,000
1968 $29,360,000,000 $758,899,950
1967 $26,560,000,000 $761,981,912
1966 $24,320,000,000 $723,739,857
1965 $21,840,000,000 $736,573,159
1964 $20,080,000,000 $711,897,520
1963 $16,960,000,000 $678,239,329
1962 $15,200,000,000 $619,322,810
1961 $14,160,000,000 $584,964,621
1960 $13,040,000,000 $535,673,252

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/mexico/trinidad-and-tobago | CC BY

GDP per capita in Mexico vs Trinidad and Tobago by year

Mexico
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Trinidad and Tobago
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Mexico Trinidad
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $13,889 - $18,967 -
2024 $13,988 $26,185 $18,733 $36,329
2023 $13,831 $25,243 $18,308 $34,623
2022 $11,406 $23,135 $20,751 $32,979
2021 $10,314 $20,783 $17,713 $30,482
2020 $8,841 $19,354 $15,284 $26,731
2019 $10,370 $20,964 $17,213 $29,316
2018 $10,085 $20,921 $17,571 $28,673
2017 $9,649 $20,489 $17,566 $28,484
2016 $9,098 $20,105 $17,449 $28,232
2015 $10,021 $19,071 $19,887 $29,825
2014 $11,391 $18,821 $21,908 $32,027
2013 $11,217 $18,170 $21,305 $31,746
2012 $10,744 $18,005 $20,332 $31,883
2011 $10,664 $17,267 $19,151 $31,078
2010 $9,729 $15,909 $16,815 $30,778
2009 $8,424 $15,191 $14,634 $29,602
2008 $10,524 $15,681 $21,299 $30,807
2007 $10,134 $15,032 $16,607 $29,355
2006 $9,513 $14,540 $14,153 $27,393
2005 $8,672 $13,260 $12,346 $23,536
2004 $7,850 $12,658 $9,871 $20,674
2003 $7,434 $12,066 $8,445 $18,743
2002 $7,983 $11,762 $6,763 $16,141
2001 $7,953 $11,739 $6,657 $14,797
2000 $7,524 $11,705 $6,179 $13,953
1999 $6,500 $11,031 $5,179 $12,812
1998 $5,833 $10,756 $4,613 $11,735
1997 $5,567 $10,182 $4,394 $10,769
1996 $4,674 $9,496 $4,427 $9,883
1995 $4,184 $8,933 $4,115 $9,099
1994 $6,202 $9,466 $3,840 $8,631
1993 $6,048 $9,041 $3,647 $8,209
1992 $4,221 $9,470 $4,277 $8,129
1991 $3,709 $9,079 $4,205 $7,274
1990 $3,154 $8,578 $4,047 $6,878
1989 $2,725 - $3,482 -
1988 $2,279 - $3,656 -
1987 $1,888 - $3,941 -
1986 $1,757 - $3,985 -
1985 $2,602 - $6,212 -
1984 $2,506 - $6,613 -
1983 $2,170 - $6,690 -
1982 $2,621 - $7,091 -
1981 $3,829 - $6,160 -
1980 $3,055 - $5,559 -
1979 $2,049 - $4,155 -
1978 $1,604 - $3,258 -
1977 $1,315 - $2,907 -
1976 $1,465 - $2,345 -
1975 $1,492 - $2,319 -
1974 $1,256 - $1,962 -
1973 $993 - $1,273 -
1972 $837 - $1,067 -
1971 $748 - $894 -
1970 $699 - $829 -
1969 $660 - $795 -
1968 $616 - $783 -
1967 $576 - $797 -
1966 $545 - $768 -
1965 $506 - $793 -
1964 $481 - $780 -
1963 $420 - $756 -
1962 $388 - $704 -
1961 $374 - $678 -
1960 $355 - $634 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/mexico/trinidad-and-tobago | CC BY

Mexico's GDP per capita is $13,889, ranking 76/197, compared to $18,967 in Trinidad and Tobago, ranking 65/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Mexico ranks 80th at $26,185, while Trinidad and Tobago ranks 62nd at $36,329.

Economic indicators

Mexico Trinidad
Gross domestic product
$1.83T
2025
$25.9B
2025
GDP rank
14/197
2025
122/197
2025
GDP growth
0.56%
2024-2025
-0.79%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$13,889
2025
$18,967
2025
GDP per capita rank
76/197
2025
65/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$26,185
2024
$36,329
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
80/197
2024
62/197
2024
Government debt
$1.13T
2025
$21.8B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
61.8%
2025
84.2%
2025
Government debt per person
$8,577
2025
$15,965
2025
Government debt per person rank
66/185
2025
43/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$10,482
2026
$10,176
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$560B
2025
$3.89B
2001
Number of millionaires
333,000
2026
n/a
Number of billionaires
22
2026
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
33.4%
2024
29.9%
1992
Income share by poorest 10%
2.1%
2024
2.1%
1992
Government expenditure, % of GDP
29.8%
2025
32.4%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
3.81%
2024-2025
0.99%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
6.5%
2026
3.5%
2020
Unemployment rate
2.54%
2025
4.01%
2024
Population
133551566
1370916

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Mexico
Spending

Debt
Trinidad and Tobago
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Mexico Trinidad
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 29.8% 61.8% 32.4% 84.2%
2024 30.8% 59.1% 32.2% 81.8%
2023 28.6% 52.8% 32.4% 78.2%
2022 28.5% 53.8% 28.3% 69.9%
2021 26.7% 56.7% 31.4% 80.2%
2020 27.8% 58.5% 35.1% 81.6%
2019 25.3% 51.9% 31% 62.9%
2018 25% 52.2% 30.2% 58.1%
2017 25% 52.5% 30.9% 57.2%
2016 26.5% 55% 31.2% 53.3%
2015 26.6% 51% 34.1% 43.2%
2014 26.9% 47.1% 33% 37.1%
2013 26.7% 44.1% 31.7% 32.9%
2012 27% 40.8% 29.9% 32.9%
2011 26.6% 41.2% 30.4% 39.2%
2010 26.5% 40.2% 31.5% 28.9%
2009 26.5% 41.7% 33.4% 34.2%
2008 26.5% 40.6% 28.2% 24.6%
2007 22.5% 35.5% 26.8% 29.4%
2006 21.6% 35.8% 34.6% 32.7%
2005 21.2% 36.8% 29.5% 36.6%
2004 20.5% 38.9% 23.3% 43.3%
2003 21.5% 42.1% 23.5% 52.4%
2002 19.8% 39.9% 24.6% 58.2%
2001 19.5% 37.3% 25.2% 54.2%
2000 19.4% 38.5% 24.1% 52.3%
1999 20.1% 41.7% 24.8% 55.2%
1998 19.5% 39.7% 27.3% 47.4%
1997 20.7% 39.1% 27.4% 51.3%
1996 20.8% 42.5% 28.2% 51.9%
1995 18.9% 30.7% 26.7% 57.3%
1994 18.9% 26.8% 26.5% 64.8%
1993 18.2% 19.2% 27.3% 59.6%
1992 19% 21.5% 28.8% 49.5%
1991 20.1% 29.2% 30% 50%
1990 22.9% 35.7% 27.9% 49.5%
1989 19.2% 36% 30.9% 51.9%
1988 23.6% 36.5% 45.3% 65.3%
1987 26.7% 52.7% - -
1986 25.1% 47.8% - -
1985 21.4% 30.4% - -
1984 19.8% 25.2% - -
1983 21.6% 25.3% - -
1982 24.7% 29.8% - -
1981 20.1% 41.7% - -
1980 17.5% 31.4% - -
1979 16.5% 35.8% - -
1978 15.7% 39% - -
1977 15.5% 41.5% - -
1976 15.5% 31.3% - -
1975 14.7% 24.4% - -
1974 13.8% 21.7% - -
1973 12.7% 20% - -
1972 11.9% 17.9% - -
1971 10.6% 17% - -
1970 10.9% 17.1% - -
1969 11.8% 10.7% - -
1968 10.9% 7.85% - -
1967 10.4% 8.22% - -
1966 11.6% 5.14% - -
1965 10.7% 9.99% - -
1964 9.21% 6.22% - -
1963 8.51% 4.13% - -
1962 8.26% 4.2% - -
1961 8.01% 4.38% - -
1960 9.5% 4.58% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1995, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/mexico/trinidad-and-tobago | CC BY

In 2025, Mexico's government spending was $547B, accounting for 29.8% of its GDP, while Trinidad and Tobago spent $8.39B, or 32.4% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 61.8% in Mexico and 84.2% in Trinidad and Tobago, ranking 73/185 and 37/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Mexico

Trinidad and Tobago
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Mexico Trinidad
2025 -4.86% -5.46%
2024 -5.78% -5.92%
2023 -4.3% -1.2%
2022 -4.32% 0.96%
2021 -3.75% -8.39%
2020 -4.29% -11.8%
2019 -2.27% -3.72%
2018 -2.14% -5.89%
2017 -1.03% -10.5%
2016 -2.68% -9.84%
2015 -3.86% -7.37%
2014 -4.37% -4.34%
2013 -3.56% -2.7%
2012 -3.57% -1.28%
2011 -3.2% -0.69%
2010 -3.8% 0.14%
2009 -3.94% -4.88%
2008 -0.68% 5.7%
2007 -1.46% 3.24%
2006 -1.23% -0.3%
2005 -1.43% 0.84%
2004 -1.35% 1.91%
2003 -2.24% 1.9%
2002 -2.18% -0.2%
2001 -2.57% 0.62%
2000 -2.69% 0.18%
1999 -4.49% -0.9%
1998 -4.49% -1.83%
1997 -3.48% 0.11%
1996 -3.66% -0.46%
1995 -2.28% 0.17%
1994 -2.25% -0.02%
1993 -1.51% 0.24%
1992 2.26% -2.76%
1991 1.49% -0.21%
1990 -3.11% -1.32%
1989 -4.75% -4.46%
1988 -8.76% -9.34%
1987 -11.6% -
1986 -11.2% -
1985 -7.2% -
1984 -5.79% -
1983 -6.03% -
1982 -11.4% -
1981 -4.9% -
1980 -1.75% -
1979 -2.15% -
1978 -1.88% -
1977 -2.43% -
1976 -3.14% -
1975 -2.64% -
1974 -3.33% -
1973 -2.75% -
1972 -2.3% -
1971 -1.43% -
1970 -1.71% -
1969 -2.74% -
1968 -2.06% -
1967 -2.12% -
1966 -3.2% -
1965 -2.51% -
1964 -1.44% -
1963 -0.92% -
1962 -0.79% -
1961 -0.88% -
1960 -1.36% -
1959 -0.73% -
1958 0.24% -
1957 -0.03% -
1956 0.52% -
1955 0.6% -
1954 -0.94% -
1953 -0.58% -
1952 0.42% -
1951 -0.26% -
1950 -0.2% -
1949 0.44% -
1948 -1.55% -
1947 -0.93% -
1946 0.66% -
1945 -1.11% -
1944 -1.12% -
1943 0.05% -
1942 -0.93% -
1941 -0.26% -
1940 -0.4% -
1939 -0.06% -
1938 -0.91% -
1937 -0.41% -
1936 -0.39% -
1935 0.26% -
1934 0.72% -
1933 -0.58% -
1932 0% -
1931 0.71% -
1930 0.21% -
1929 0.95% -
1928 0.24% -
1927 -0.3% -
1926 -0.29% -
1925 0.46% -
1924 1.34% -
1923 1.02% -
1922 1.13% -
1921 0.64% -
1920 0.91% -
1919 0.41% -
1918 -0.19% -
1917 0.63% -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 0.28% -
1912 -0.79% -
1911 -0.31% -
1910 0.1% -
1909 0.15% -
1908 -0.08% -
1907 0.43% -
1906 0.72% -
1905 0.35% -
1904 1.09% -
1903 3.82% -
1902 0.42% -
1901 0.62% -
1900 0.76% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1900–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/mexico/trinidad-and-tobago | CC BY

In 2025, Mexico's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $89B, equivalent to 4.86% of GDP. This compares to Trinidad and Tobago's deficit of $1.42B, or 5.46% of GDP.

Over the past 38 years, Mexico recorded a fiscal deficit in 36 of those years, while Trinidad and Tobago ran a deficit in 26 years. On average, Mexico posted an annual deficit equal to 2.96% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.36% of GDP for Trinidad and Tobago.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Mexico

Trinidad and Tobago
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Mexico Trinidad
2025 3.81% 0.99%
2024 4.72% 0.53%
2023 5.53% 4.63%
2022 7.9% 5.83%
2021 5.69% 2.06%
2020 3.4% 0.6%
2019 3.64% 1%
2018 4.9% 1.02%
2017 6.04% 1.88%
2016 2.82% 3.07%
2015 2.72% 4.66%
2014 4.02% 5.68%
2013 3.81% 5.2%
2012 4.11% 9.26%
2011 3.41% 5.11%
2010 4.16% 10.5%
2009 5.3% 6.98%
2008 5.12% 12%
2007 3.97% 7.89%
2006 3.63% 8.33%
2005 3.99% 6.87%
2004 4.69% 3.72%
2003 4.55% 3.81%
2002 5.03% 4.15%
2001 6.37% 5.54%
2000 9.49% 3.56%
1999 16.6% 3.44%
1998 15.9% 5.61%
1997 20.6% 3.63%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/mexico/trinidad-and-tobago | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Mexico has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 6.07%, compared with 4.75% in Trinidad and Tobago. In 2025, inflation was 3.81% in Mexico and 0.99% in Trinidad and Tobago.

Top exports between countries

Mexico
Export category Export value
Chemicals & pharma $21.9M
Machinery & equipment $16.3M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $10.5M
Wood & paper products $4.87M
Metals $4.1M
Raw materials & minerals $2.05M
Textiles & consumer goods $1.82M
Raw agricultural goods $1.26M
Miscellaneous $770K
Precious metals & jewellery $1K
Trinidad
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $117M
Machinery & equipment $39.3M
Wood & paper products $2.65M
Chemicals & pharma $1.88M
Textiles & consumer goods $390K
Metals $327K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $256K
Miscellaneous $48K
Raw agricultural goods $3K

Balance of trade

Mexico Trinidad
Current account balance
-$8.2B
2025
$1.25B
2025
Current account balance ranking
171/190
2025
48/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
-0.45%
2025
+4.81%
2025
Goods imports
$665B
2025
$6.83B
2025
Goods exports
$666B
2025
$10.2B
2025
Service imports
$75.4B
2025
$2.8B
2025
Service exports
$64B
2025
$1.27B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
40.3%
2025
n/a
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
39.6%
2025
45%
2026

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Mexico Trinidad
Economic freedom 59.8 62.4
Economic freedom ranking 102/197 87/197
Property rights 37.6 47.3
Government integrity 28.8 45.5
Judicial effectiveness 40.4 58.8
Tax burden 75.4 76.1
Government spending 74.6 71.1
Fiscal health 56.7 86.3
Business freedom 67 67.1
Labor freedom 57.3 57.2
Monetary freedom 70.6 81
Trade freedom 74.2 68.8
Investment freedom 75 50
Financial freedom 60 40

Economic freedom comparison by year

Mexico
Trinidad and Tobago
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Mexico Trinidad
2026 59.8 62.4
2025 61.3 63.6
2024 62 60.4
2023 63.2 59.5
2022 63.7 58.8
2021 65.5 59
2020 66 58.3
2019 64.7 57
2018 64.8 57.7
2017 63.6 61.2
2016 65.2 62.9
2015 66.4 64.1
2014 66.8 62.7
2013 67 62.3
2012 65.3 64.4
2011 67.8 66.5
2010 68.3 65.7
2009 65.8 68
2008 66.2 69.5
2007 66 70.6
2006 64.7 70.4
2005 65.2 71.5
2004 66 71.3
2003 65.3 68.8
2002 63 70.1
2001 60.6 71.8
2000 59.3 74.5
1999 58.5 72.4
1998 57.9 72
1997 57.1 71.3
1996 61.2 69.2
1995 63.1 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/mexico/trinidad-and-tobago | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Mexico is 59.8, ranking 102/197, compared to 62.4 for Trinidad and Tobago, ranking 87/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Mexico Trinidad
Services, % of GDP
58.9%
2025
59.2%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
30.6%
2025
34.6%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
3.88%
2025
0.78%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$1.81T
2025
$25.4B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$25,070
2025
$36,080
2025
Total reserves including gold
$256B
2025
$5.6B
2024
Total reserves ranking
17/177
2025
99/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$31.8B
2025
$404M
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$45.5B
2024
-$453M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$13B
2024
$527M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
3.77%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
29.6%
2024
20%
2020
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
22.6%
2025
19%
2023

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/mexico/trinidad-and-tobago | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1900–1995, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2020–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.